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Zourgui</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Lazhar Zourgui"> <meta name="keywords" content="Lazhar Zourgui"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Lazhar Zourgui"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Lazhar Zourgui</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> New Evaluation of the Richness of Cactus (Opuntia) in Active Biomolecules and their Use in Agri-Food, Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Zourgui">Lazhar Zourgui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Opuntia species are used as local medicinal interventions for chronic diseases and as food sources, mainly because they possess nutritional properties and biological activities. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill, commonly known as prickly pear or nopal cactus, is the most economically valuable plant in the Cactaceae family worldwide. It is a tropical or subtropical plant native to tropical and subtropical America, which can grow in arid and semi-arid climates. It belongs to the family of angiosperms dicotyledons Cactaceae of which about 1500 species of cacti are known. The Opuntia plant is distributed throughout the world and has great economic potential. There are differences in the phytochemical composition of Opuntia species between wild and domesticated species and within the same species. It is an interesting source of plant bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds are compounds with nutritional benefits and are generally classified into phenolic and non-phenolic compounds and pigments. Opuntia species are able to grow in almost all climates, for example, arid, temperate, and tropical climates, and their bioactive compound profiles change depending on the species, cultivar, and climatic conditions. Therefore, there is an opportunity for the discovery of new compounds from different Opuntia cultivars. Health benefits of prickly pear are widely demonstrated: There is ample evidence of the health benefits of consuming prickly pear due to its source of nutrients and vitamins and its antioxidant properties due to its content of bioactive compounds. In addition, prickly pear is used in the treatment of hyperglycemia and high cholesterol levels, and its consumption is linked to a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and certain types of cancer. It may be effective in insulin-independent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Opuntia ficus-Indica seed oil has shown potent antioxidant and prophylactic effects. Industrial applications of these bioactive compounds are increasing. In addition to their application in the pharmaceutical industries, bioactive compounds are used in the food industry for the production of nutraceuticals and new food formulations (juices, drinks, jams, sweeteners). In my lecture, I will review in a comprehensive way the phytochemical, nutritional, and bioactive compound composition of the different aerial and underground parts of Opuntia species. The biological activities and applications of Opuntia compounds are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cactus" title=" cactus"> cactus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opuntia" title=" Opuntia"> Opuntia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actives%20biomolecules" title=" actives biomolecules"> actives biomolecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activities" title=" biological activities"> biological activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161262/new-evaluation-of-the-richness-of-cactus-opuntia-in-active-biomolecules-and-their-use-in-agri-food-cosmetic-and-pharmaceutical" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Determination of Anchor Lengths by Retaining Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belabed%20Lazhar">Belabed Lazhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dimensioning of the anchored retaining screens passes always by the analysis of their stability. The calculation of anchoring lengths is practically carried out according to the mechanical model suggested by Kranz which is often criticized. The safety is evaluated through the comparison of interior force and external force. The force of anchoring over the length cut behind the failure solid is neglected. The failure surface cuts anchoring in the medium length of sealing. In this article, one proposes a new mechanical model which overcomes these disadvantages (simplifications) and gives interesting results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20walls" title="retaining walls">retaining walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchoring" title=" anchoring"> anchoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20modeling" title=" mechanical modeling"> mechanical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23984/determination-of-anchor-lengths-by-retaining-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Corrosion Resistance of the 32CrMoV13 Steel Nitriding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okba%20Belahssen">Okba Belahssen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Torchane"> Lazhar Torchane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Benramache"> Said Benramache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouahed%20Chala"> Abdelouahed Chala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents corrosion behavior of the plasma-nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel. Different kinds of samples were tested: non-treated, plasma nitrided samples. The structure of layers was determined by X-ray diffraction, while the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior was evaluated by electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The corrosion tests were carried out in acid chloride solution (HCl 1M). Experimental results showed that the nitrides ε-Fe2−3N and γ′-Fe4N present in the white layer are nobler than the substrate but may promote, by galvanic effect, a localized corrosion through open porosity. The better corrosion protection was observed for nitrided sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma-nitrided" title="plasma-nitrided">plasma-nitrided</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=32CrMoV13%20steel" title=" 32CrMoV13 steel"> 32CrMoV13 steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9339/the-corrosion-resistance-of-the-32crmov13-steel-nitriding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Mechanism and Kinetic of Layers Growth: Application to Nitriding of 32CrMoV13 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torchane%20Lazhar">Torchane Lazhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, our task consists in optimizing the nitriding treatment at low-temperature of the steel 32CrMoV13 by the way of the mixtures of ammonia gas, nitrogen and hydrogen to improve the mechanical properties of the surface (good wear resistance, friction and corrosion), and of the diffusion layer of the nitrogen (good resistance to fatigue and good tenacity with heart). By limiting our work to the pure iron and to the alloys iron-chromium and iron-chrome-carbon, we have studied the various parameters which manage the nitriding: flow rate and composition of the gaseous phase, the interaction chromium-nitrogen and chromium-carbon by the help of experiments of nitriding realized in the laboratory by thermogravimetry. The acquired knowledge have been applied by the mastery of the growth of the combination layer on the diffusion layer in the case of the industrial steel 32CrMoV13. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20of%20nitrogen" title="diffusion of nitrogen">diffusion of nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaseous%20nitriding" title=" gaseous nitriding"> gaseous nitriding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20growth%20kinetic" title=" layer growth kinetic"> layer growth kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15724/mechanism-and-kinetic-of-layers-growth-application-to-nitriding-of-32crmov13-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Damage to LCP by the Ratcheting Phenomenon Under Cyclic Motion in Oligocyclic Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboussalih%20Amira">Aboussalih Amira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarza%20Tahar"> Zarza Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fedaoui%20Kamel"> Fedaoui Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baroura%20Lazhar"> Baroura Lazhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammoudi%20Salah"> Hammoudi Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 316 L steel is a stainless steel frequently used in orthopedic surgery; in the design of implants (hip, knee, shoulder, ankle, etc.), in dental surgery, cardiology, ophthalmology. Before any use, it is essential to predict the macroscopic phenomenological behavior of the material, and to analyze its response. The behavior of 316 L steel in low cycle fatigue, under uniaxial cyclic loading of tension/compression, producing significant plastic deformations leading to material damage. This investigation allowed us to characterize the behavior of the 316L steel employed in the locking of the compression plates (LCP), of which they are generally used in orthopedics to stabilize the fractured bone parts. And to perceive the phenomenon of Ratcheting leading to the damage of LCP by an excess of plastic deformation under nonsymmetrical alternated imposed constraint in low cycle fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=316L%20SS" title="316L SS">316L SS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locking%20compression%20plate" title=" locking compression plate"> locking compression plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cycle%20fatigue" title=" low cycle fatigue"> low cycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratcheting" title=" ratcheting"> ratcheting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182140/damage-to-lcp-by-the-ratcheting-phenomenon-under-cyclic-motion-in-oligocyclic-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Fixed-Bed Column Studies of Green Malachite Removal by Use of Alginate-Encapsulated Aluminium Pillared Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20mouloud">Lazhar mouloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chemat%20Zoubida"> Chemat Zoubida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouhoumna%20Faiza"> Ouhoumna Faiza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study, concerns the modeling of breakthrough curves obtained in the adsorption column of malachite green into alginate-encapsulated aluminium pillared clay in fixed bed according to various operating parameters such as the initial concentration, the feed rate and the height fixed bed, applying mathematical models namely: the model of Bohart and Adams, Wolborska, Bed Depth Service Time, Clark and Yoon-Nelson. These models allow us to express the different parameters controlling the performance of the dynamic adsorption system. The results have shown that all models were found suitable for describing the whole or a deﬁnite part of the dynamic behavior of the column with respect to the ﬂow rate, the inlet dye concentration and the height of fixed bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20column" title="adsorption column">adsorption column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malachite%20green" title=" malachite green"> malachite green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pillared%20clays" title=" pillared clays"> pillared clays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title=" alginate"> alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematic%20models" title=" mathematic models"> mathematic models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation." title=" encapsulation."> encapsulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22852/fixed-bed-column-studies-of-green-malachite-removal-by-use-of-alginate-encapsulated-aluminium-pillared-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Sliding Mode Speed Controller of Photovoltaic Pumping System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kessal%20Abdelhalim">Kessal Abdelhalim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zebiri%20Fouad"> Zebiri Fouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmani%20Lazhar"> Rahmani Lazhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analysis by which the dynamic performances of a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor is controlled through a hysteresis current loop and an outer speed loop with different controllers. The dynamics of the photovoltaic pumping drive system with sliding mode speed controllers are presented. The proposed structure is constituted of photovoltaic generator associated to DC-DC converter controlled by fuzzy logic to ensure the maximum power point tracking. The PWM signals are generated by the interaction of the motor speed closed-loop system and the current hysteresis. The motor reference current is compared with the motor speed feedback signal. The considered model has been implemented in Matlab/Simpower environment. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to increase the performance of the water pumping system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet%20brushless%20DC%20%28PMBLDC%29%20motor" title=" permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor"> permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode" title=" sliding mode"> sliding mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15928/sliding-mode-speed-controller-of-photovoltaic-pumping-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">677</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Evalutaion of the Surface Water Quality Using the Water Quality Index and Discriminant Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water resources present to the public order of the world a very important problem for the protection and management of water quality given the complexity of water quality data sets. In this study, the water quality index (WQI) and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were calculated in order to evaluate the surface water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes based on nine hydrochemical parameters. In order to separate the variables that are the most responsible for the spatial differentiation, the discriminant analysis (DA) was applied. The results show that the surface water quality for drinking is poor quality and very poor quality based on WQI values, however, the values of IWQI reflect that this water is acceptable for irrigation with a restriction for sensitive plants. Consequently, the discriminant analysis DA method has shown that the following parameters pH, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate are significant discrimination between the different stations with the spatial variation of the surface water quality, therefore, the results obtained in this study provide very useful information to decision-makers <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20quality" title="surface water quality">surface water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20and%20irrigation%20purposes" title=" drinking and irrigation purposes"> drinking and irrigation purposes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index" title=" water quality index"> water quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discriminant%20analysis" title=" discriminant analysis"> discriminant analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176146/evalutaion-of-the-surface-water-quality-using-the-water-quality-index-and-discriminant-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Evaluating Surface Water Quality Using WQI, Trend Analysis, and Cluster Classification in Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Elhadj%20Lakouas"> Fatma Elhadj Lakouas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study evaluates the surface water quality in the Kebir Rhumel Basin by analyzing hydrochemical parameters. To assess spatial and temporal variations in water quality, we applied the Water Quality Index (WQI), Mann-Kendall (MK) trend analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Monthly measurements of eleven hydrochemical parameters were collected across eight stations from January 2016 to December 2020. Calcium and sulfate emerged as the dominant cation and anion, respectively. WQI analysis indicated a high incidence of poor water quality at stations Ain Smara (AS), Beni Haroune (BH), Grarem (GR), and Sidi Khalifa (SK), where 89.5%, 90.6%, 78.2%, and 62.7% of samples, respectively, fell into this category. The MK trend analysis revealed a significant upward trend in WQI at Oued Boumerzoug (ON) and SK stations, signaling temporal deterioration in these areas. HCA grouped the dataset into three clusters, covering approximately 22%, 30%, and 48% of the months, respectively. Within these clusters, specific stations exhibited elevated WQI values: GR and ON in the first cluster, OB and SK in the second, and AS, BH, El Milia (EM), and Hammam Grouz (HG) in the third. Furthermore, approximately 38%, 41%, and 38% of samples in clusters one, two, and three, respectively, were classified as having poor water quality. These findings provide essential insights for policymakers in formulating strategies to restore and manage surface water quality in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20quality" title="surface water quality">surface water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index%20%28WQI%29" title=" water quality index (WQI)"> water quality index (WQI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann-Kendall%20Trend%20Analysis" title=" Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis"> Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20cluster%20analysis%20%28HCA%29" title=" hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)"> hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial-temporal%20distribution" title=" spatial-temporal distribution"> spatial-temporal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebir%20Rhumel%20Basin" title=" Kebir Rhumel Basin"> Kebir Rhumel Basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193200/evaluating-surface-water-quality-using-wqi-trend-analysis-and-cluster-classification-in-kebir-rhumel-basin-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Spatio-temporal Distribution of the Groundwater Quality in the El Milia Plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we analyzed the groundwater quality index in the El Milia plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria. Thirty-three groundwater samples were collected from wells in the El Milia plain during April 2015. In this study, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were conducted at each sampling well. Eight hydrochemical parameters such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorid (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), and Nnitrate (NO3) were analysed. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) method was employed to evaluate the groundwater quality in the study area. Moran’s I and the ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation technique were used to examine the spatial distribution pattern of the hydrochemical parameters in the groundwater. It was found that the hydrochemical parameters Ca, Cl, and HCO3 showed strong spatial autocorrelation in the El Milia plain, indicating a spatial dependence and clustering of these parameters in the groundwater. The groundwater quality was evaluated using the entropy water quality index (EWQI). The results showed that approximately 86% of the total groundwater samples in the study area fall within the moderate groundwater quality category. The spatial map of the EWQI values indicated an increasing trend from the south-west to the northeast, following the direction of groundwater flow. The highest EWQI values were observed near El Milia city in the center of the plain. This spatial pattern suggests variations in groundwater quality across the study area, with potentially higher risks near the city center. Therefore, the results obtained in this research provide very useful information to decision-makers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20water%20quality%20index%20%28EWQI%29" title="entropy water quality index (EWQI)">entropy water quality index (EWQI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moran%E2%80%99s%20i" title=" moran’s i"> moran’s i</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20kriging%20interpolation" title=" ordinary kriging interpolation"> ordinary kriging interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=el%20milia%20plain" title=" el milia plain"> el milia plain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179719/spatio-temporal-distribution-of-the-groundwater-quality-in-the-el-milia-plain-kebir-rhumel-basin-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Spatio-temporal Distribution of Surface Water Quality in the Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Elhadj%20Lakouas"> Fatma Elhadj Lakouas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to present a surface water quality assessment of hydrochemical parameters in the Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria. The water quality index (WQI), Mann–Kendall (MK) test, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used in oder to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of the surface water quality in the study area. Eleven hydrochemical parameters were measured monthly at eight stations from January 2016 to December 2020. The dominant cation in the surface water was found to be calcium, followed by sodium, and the dominant anion was sulfate, followed by chloride. In terms of WQI, a significant percentage of surface water samples at stations Ain Smara (AS), Beni Haroune (BH), Grarem (GR), and Sidi Khlifa (SK) exhibited poor water quality, with approximately 89.5%, 90.6%, 78.2%, and 62.7%, respectively, falling into this category. Mann–Kendall trend analysis revealed a significantly increasing trend in WQI values at stations Oued Boumerzoug (ON) and SK, indicating that the temporal variation of WQI in these stations is significant. Hierarchical clustering analysis classified the data into three clusters. The first cluster contained approximately 22% of the total number of months, the second cluster included about 30%, and the third cluster had the highest representation, approximately 48% of the total number of months. Within these clusters, certain stations exhibited higher WQI values. In the first cluster, stations GR and ON had the highest WQI values. In the second cluster, stations Oued Boumerzoug (OB) and SK showed the highest WQI values, while in the last cluster, stations AS, BH, El Milia (EM), and Hammam Grouz (HG) had the highest mean WQI values. Also, approximately 38%, 41%, and 38% of the total water samples in the first, second, and third clusters, respectively, were classified as having poor water quality. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific basis for decision-makers to formulate strategies for surface water quality restoration and management in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water" title="surface water">surface water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index%20%28WQI%29" title=" water quality index (WQI)"> water quality index (WQI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mann%20Kendall%20%28MK%29%20test" title=" Mann Kendall (MK) test"> Mann Kendall (MK) test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20cluster%20analysis%20%28HCA%29" title=" hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)"> hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial-temporal%20distribution" title=" spatial-temporal distribution"> spatial-temporal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kebir%20Rhumel%20Basin" title=" Kebir Rhumel Basin"> Kebir Rhumel Basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189669/spatio-temporal-distribution-of-surface-water-quality-in-the-kebir-rhumel-basin-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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