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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naam_en_definitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam_en_definitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naam en definitie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam_en_definitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Samenstelling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Samenstelling-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ionen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ionen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macromoleculen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macromoleculen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Macromoleculen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macromoleculen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Functie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cytosol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 51 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عصارة خلوية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصارة خلوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Цытазоль – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цытазоль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Цитозол – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цитозол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2" title="সাইটোসল – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইটোসল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%84" title="سایتۆسۆل – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سایتۆسۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosolo" title="Citosolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Citosolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtosool" title="Tsütosool – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsütosool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zitosol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84" title="سیتوزول – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیتوزول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytosoli" title="Sytosoli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sytosoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADteasol" title="Cíteasol – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cíteasol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C" title="ציטוזול – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציטוזול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Ցիտոզոլ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցիտոզոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sitosol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA%E5%9F%BA%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質基質 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞質基質" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гиалоплазма – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гиалоплазма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%95%A1" title="세포액 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포액" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytosol" title="Zytosol – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zytosol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citozolis" title="Citozolis – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Citozolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosols" title="Citosols – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Citosols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="സൈറ്റോസോൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈറ്റോസോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citos%C3%B2l" title="Citosòl – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Citosòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytozol" title="Cytozol – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cytozol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Цитозоль – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цитозоль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Цітосоль – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цітосоль" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cytosol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytos%C3%B3l" title="Cytosól – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytosól" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citosol" title="Citosol – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Citosol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Цитосол – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цитосол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cytosol" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif/lossy-page1-260px-2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif/lossy-page1-390px-2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif/lossy-page1-520px-2005_Biosites-cytoplasm.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3401" data-file-height="3405" /></a><figcaption>Illustratie van het cytosol door biochemicus <a href="/wiki/David_Goodsell" title="David Goodsell">David Goodsell</a>. Zichtbaar is een <a href="/wiki/Microtubulus" title="Microtubulus">microtubulus</a> die versnippert, een <a href="/wiki/Intermediair_filament" title="Intermediair filament">intermediair filament</a> en twee <a href="/wiki/Microfilament" title="Microfilament">microfilamenten</a>. De grote paarse moleculen zijn <a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">ribosomen</a>, bezig met de aanmaak van <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide">polypeptiden</a> uit aminozuren.</figcaption></figure> <table class="zijbalk" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#EEEEED; font-size:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie"><span style="color:black;">Celbiologie</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#0073CF; font-size:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Dierlijke_cel" title="Dierlijke cel"><span style="color:white;">De dierlijke cel</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Animal_Cell.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Animal Cell"><img alt="Animal Cell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/270px-Animal_Cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/405px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Animal_Cell.svg/540px-Animal_Cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="811" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color:black;"><b>Componenten van een dierlijke cel:</b></span></a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleolus" title="Nucleolus">Nucleolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">Celkern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">Ribosoom</a> (blauwe puntjes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesikel_(cel)" title="Vesikel (cel)">Vesikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoplasmatisch_reticulum" title="Endoplasmatisch reticulum">Ruw endoplasmatisch reticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golgicomplex" title="Golgicomplex">Golgicomplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">Cytoskelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoplasmatisch_reticulum" title="Endoplasmatisch reticulum">Glad endoplasmatisch reticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">Mitochondrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cytosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysosoom" title="Lysosoom">Lysosoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrosoom" title="Centrosoom">Centrosoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celmembraan" title="Celmembraan">Celmembraan</a></li></ol> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#EEEEEE; font-size:1.1em;">Portaal  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Het <b>cytosol</b>, ook wel <b>intracellulaire vloeistof</b> genoemd, is de <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">waterige</a> <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">grondvloeistof</a> van een levende <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cel</a>. In het cytosol bevinden zich <a href="/wiki/Waterige_oplossing" title="Waterige oplossing">opgeloste</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ionen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiwitten" title="Eiwitten">eiwitten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a> en andere organische moleculen die nodig zijn voor de structuur en de <a href="/wiki/Celfysiologie" title="Celfysiologie">fysiologie van de cel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het cytosol maakt deel uit van het <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasma" title="Cytoplasma">cytoplasma</a>, waartoe ook de verschillende <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organellen</a>, zoals het <a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">cytoskelet</a> behoren. Het cytosol is dus een vloeibare matrix, waarin de organellen zijn ingebed; <i>cytoplasma</i> verwijst naar de hele celinhoud: het cytosol plus de organellen, exclusief de <a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">prokaryote</a> cel vinden vrijwel alle stofwisselingsreacties plaats in het cytosol. Bij eukaryote cellen – de cellen van planten, dieren en schimmels – vinden stofwisselingsreacties plaats in zowel het cytosol, bijvoorbeeld de <a href="/wiki/Glycolyse" title="Glycolyse">glycolyse</a>, als binnen de organellen, bijvoorbeeld de <a href="/wiki/Citroenzuurcyclus" title="Citroenzuurcyclus">citroenzuurcyclus</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Mitochondri%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondriën">mitochondriën</a>. </p><p>Het cytosol is een complex mengsel van <a href="/wiki/Waterige_oplossing" title="Waterige oplossing">opgeloste</a> <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">organische stoffen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> is het hoofdbestanddeel van het cytosol. De <a href="/wiki/Concentratie_(oplossing)" title="Concentratie (oplossing)">concentraties</a> van ionen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>, zijn in het cytosol anders dan in de <a href="/wiki/Extracellulaire_vloeistof" title="Extracellulaire vloeistof">extracellulaire vloeistof</a>. Dit verschil in concentratie is van belang bij verschillende processen, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Osmoregulatie" title="Osmoregulatie">osmoregulatie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signaaltransductie" title="Signaaltransductie">signaaltransductie</a> en het genereren van een <a href="/wiki/Membraanpotentiaal" title="Membraanpotentiaal">membraanpotentiaal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam_en_definitie">Naam en definitie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naam en definitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naam en definitie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De term 'cytosol' werd voor het eerst gebruikt door H. A. Lardy in 1965 en verwees aanvankelijk naar de oplossing die vrijkwam als men cellen door middel van <a href="/wiki/Ultracentrifugatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultracentrifugatie">ultracentrifugatie</a> openbreekt.<sup id="cite_ref-Clegg1984_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clegg1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In de moderne biologie verwijst de term <i>cytosol</i> naar het vloeibare gedeelte van het <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasma" title="Cytoplasma">cytoplasma</a> van een intacte cel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met andere woorden, het cytosol is het nutriëntrijke, waterige deel van het cytoplasma dat zich tussen de <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organellen</a> en andere celcomponenten bevindt.<sup id="cite_ref-Cammack_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cammack-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voordat de term cytosol was ingeburgerd werden andere namen gebruikt, waaronder <i>hyaloplasma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samenstelling">Samenstelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het cytosol bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, met daarin opgeloste <a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ionen</a>, kleine moleculen en vele grotere wateroplosbare macromoleculen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Eiwitten" title="Eiwitten">eiwitten</a>. Veruit de meeste moleculen in het cytosol hebben een <a href="/wiki/Molecuulmassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecuulmassa">molecuulmassa</a> van minder dan 300 <a href="/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid">Da</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit mengsel van kleine moleculen is buitengewoon complex: de verscheidenheid aan moleculen die alleen al betrokken zijn bij het metabolisme (alle <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a>) is gigantisch. Een doorsnee <a href="/wiki/Plantencel" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantencel">plantencel</a> is bijvoorbeeld in staat om meer dan 200.000 verschillende metabolieten te vormen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Water"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De belangrijkste component van het cytosol is <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>: bij de meeste cellen is het aandeel water circa 70% van het totale celvolume.<sup id="cite_ref-Luby-Phelps2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luby-Phelps2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> van de intracellulaire vloeistof wordt constant gehouden rond de 7,4 (licht-basisch).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Viscositeit" title="Viscositeit">viscositeit</a> van het cytosol komt overeen met dat van zuiver water. De <a href="/wiki/Diffusie" title="Diffusie">diffusiesnelheid</a> van kleine moleculen door het cytosol is echter ongeveer vier keer zo traag als in zuiver water, als gevolg van onderlinge botsingen met macromoleculen. Het belang van water voor celfysiologie is veel onderzocht in dierlijke cellen; een vermindering van 20% water remde het metabolisme al aanzienlijk, en bij een vermindering van 70% stopte alle stofwisselingsactiviteit compleet.<sup id="cite_ref-Clegg1984_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clegg1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ionen">Ionen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ionen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ionen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin-left:1em"> <caption>Ionconcentraties in een zoogdiercel<sup id="cite_ref-Lodish_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lodish-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ion </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Molaire_concentratie" title="Molaire concentratie">Concentratie</a> (mM) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Cytosol </th> <th>Bloedplasma </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> </td> <td>139–150<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>145 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Chloride</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>116 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicarbonaat">Bicarbonaat</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eiwitten" title="Eiwitten">Eiwitten</a> </td> <td>138 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td>< 0.0002 </td> <td>1.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>De concentraties van <a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ionen</a> in het cytosol verschillen aanzienlijk van die in de <a href="/wiki/Extracellulaire_vloeistof" title="Extracellulaire vloeistof">extracellulaire vloeistof</a>. Het cytosol bevat dan ook veel grotere hoeveelheden geladen macromoleculen zoals eiwitten en nucleïnezuren. In naaststaande tabel staan de concentraties van de belangrijkste ionen binnen en buiten een zoogdiercel weergegeven. </p><p>In tegenstelling tot de extracellulaire vloeistof heeft het cytosol een hoge concentratie <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kaliumionen</a> en een lage concentratie <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natriumionen</a>. Dit concentratieverschil is cruciaal voor <a href="/wiki/Osmoregulatie" title="Osmoregulatie">osmoregulatie</a>: als de ionenniveaus binnen een cel hetzelfde waren als daarbuiten, zou er constant water naar binnen diffunderen (osmose), aangezien de concentratie macromoleculen binnen cellen hoger is dan buiten. Het concentratieverschil van kalium en natrium wordt gehandhaafd door <a href="/wiki/Natrium-kaliumpomp" title="Natrium-kaliumpomp">natrium-kaliumpompen</a>. Een uitstroom van <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a>-ionen compenseert het osmotisch effect voor de hoge concentratie macromoleculen in de cel.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Door de lage concentratie van <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> in het cytosol kunnen calciumionen gebruikt worden als <i>second messenger</i> in <a href="/wiki/Signaaltransductie" title="Signaaltransductie">signaaltransductie</a>. Wanneer een signaal, zoals een <a href="/wiki/Hormoon" title="Hormoon">hormoon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Actiepotentiaal" title="Actiepotentiaal">actiepotentiaal</a>, de cel bereikt, leidt dit tot een reactie in calciumkanalen die in het membraan zijn ingebed. De kanalen springen open, zodat calcium het cytosol binnenstroomt. Deze plotselinge toename van cytosolisch calcium activeert dan andere signaalmoleculen, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Calmoduline" title="Calmoduline">calmoduline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macromoleculen">Macromoleculen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Macromoleculen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Macromoleculen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eiwitten zijn de meest abundante macromoleculen in een cel. Alle eiwitten die niet gebonden zijn aan een <a href="/wiki/Lipide_dubbellaag" title="Lipide dubbellaag">membraan</a> of het <a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">cytoskelet</a> zijn opgelost in het cytosol, en kunnen vrijelijk ronddiffunderen. De concentratie eiwitten in een eukaryotische cel benadert 200 mg/ml, wat overeenkomt met ongeveer 20–30% van het cytosolisch volume. Deze enorme hoeveelheid aan grote moleculen in het cytosol leidt tot een verschijnsel dat <i>macromolecular crowding</i> wordt genoemd.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bij <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">prokaryoten</a> is het volledige <a href="/wiki/Genoom" title="Genoom">genoom</a> (al het <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a>) vrijelijk in het cytosol opgelost. Het DNA is niet uniform over de cel verspreid, maar is geclusterd in een onregelmatige massa die de <i><a href="/wiki/Nucleo%C3%AFde" title="Nucleoïde">nucleoïde</a></i> wordt genoemd.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de nucleoïde komen naast DNA ook eiwitten voor die de <a href="/wiki/Transcriptie_(biologie)" title="Transcriptie (biologie)">transcriptie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Replicatie_(DNA)" title="Replicatie (DNA)">replicatie</a> van het bacteriële chromosoom verzorgen. Bij <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryoten</a> is het genomisch DNA opgeslagen in de <a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkern</a>, een compartiment dat van het cytosol gescheiden is door het <a href="/wiki/Kernmembraan" title="Kernmembraan">kernmembraan</a>. Transport in en uit de celkern vindt plaats via <a href="/wiki/Kernpori%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernporiën">kernporiën</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functie">Functie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Functie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Functie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het cytosol is het milieu waarin zich veel cellulaire processen afspelen. Een belangrijk voorbeeld is <a href="/wiki/Signaaltransductie" title="Signaaltransductie">signaaltransductie</a>: ketens van signalen (beurtelingse activatie van wateroplosbare eiwitten) die naar specifieke locaties in de cel worden doorgegeven, zoals naar <a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkern</a> of <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organellen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het cytosol fungeert ook als transportmedium van <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a>. Dit is relatief eenvoudig voor wateroplosbare moleculen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Aminozuren" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminozuren">aminozuren</a>, die snel door het cytosol diffunderen. <a href="/wiki/Hydrofobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrofobe">Hydrofobe</a> moleculen, zoals <a href="/wiki/Vetzuren" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetzuren">vetzuren</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">sterolen</a>, kunnen alleen door het cytosol worden vervoerd als ze gebonden zijn aan transporteiwitten.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moleculen die via <a href="/wiki/Endocytose" title="Endocytose">endocytose</a> in de cel worden opgenomen, worden door het cytosol in <a href="/wiki/Vesikel_(cel)" title="Vesikel (cel)">vesikels</a> (blaasjes) getransporteerd. Vesikels zijn kleine lichaampjes van lipiden die door <a href="/wiki/Motoreiwit" title="Motoreiwit">motoreiwitten</a> langs het cytoskelet worden verplaatst. </p><p>Het cytosol is daarnaast ook de omgeving waarin stofwisselingsprocessen plaatsvinden. In de cellen van zoogdieren zijn ongeveer de helft van alle eiwitmoleculen gelokaliseerd in het cytosol. De belangrijkste stofwisselingsroutes in zoogdiercellen die in het cytosol verlopen, zijn de <a href="/wiki/Eiwitsynthese" title="Eiwitsynthese">biosynthese van eiwitten</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Glycolyse" title="Glycolyse">glycolyse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gluconeogenese" title="Gluconeogenese">gluconeogenese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De exacte lokalisatie van stofwisselingsroutes varieert tussen organismen. Zo vindt vetzuursynthese bij dieren plaats in het cytosol, bij planten in <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasten</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en bij <a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a> gebeurt het in een speciaal compartiment, de <i>apicomplast</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytosol&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernplasma" title="Kernplasma">Kernplasma</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><div style="margin-top:-16px"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFBrown2011_2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Brown, Thomas A.</span> (2011). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mr1KI4lFYekC&pg=PA2">Rapid Review Physiology</a></i></cite>. Elsevier Health Sciences, p. 2. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0323072601" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0323072601">ISBN 978-0323072601</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620062714/https://books.google.com/books?id=mr1KI4lFYekC&pg=PA2">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-20">20 juni 2023</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoewel de termen strikt genomen verschillend zijn qua betekenis, worden <i>cytoplasma</i> en <i>cytosol</i> vaak door elkaar gebruikt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clegg1984-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Clegg1984_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clegg1984_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1984"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Clegg James S.</span> (1984). <cite>Properties and metabolism of the aqueous cytoplasm and its boundaries</cite>. <i>Am. 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Celorganellen_van_eukaryoten" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">Celorganellen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryoten</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Algemene structuren:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkern</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celmembraan" title="Celmembraan">celmembraan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasma" title="Cytoplasma">cytoplasma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cytoskelet" title="Cytoskelet">cytoskelet</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">cytosol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dictyosoom" title="Dictyosoom">dictyosoom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endoplasmatisch_reticulum" title="Endoplasmatisch reticulum">endoplasmatisch reticulum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zweepstaartje" title="Zweepstaartje">flagel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Golgicomplex" title="Golgicomplex">golgicomplex</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lysosoom" title="Lysosoom">lysosoom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Microtubulus" title="Microtubulus">microtubulus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondrion</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nucleolus" title="Nucleolus">nucleolus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peroxisoom" title="Peroxisoom">peroxisoom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ribosoom" title="Ribosoom">ribosoom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trilhaar" title="Trilhaar">trilhaar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vesikel_(cel)" title="Vesikel (cel)">vesikel</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Specifiek voor <a href="/wiki/Dierlijke_cel" title="Dierlijke cel">dierlijke cel</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Centriool" title="Centriool">centriool</a> · <a href="/wiki/Centrosoom" title="Centrosoom">centrosoom</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Specifiek voor <a href="/wiki/Plantaardige_cel" title="Plantaardige cel">plantaardige cel</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Amyloplast" title="Amyloplast">amyloplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">bladgroenkorrel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celwand" title="Celwand">celwand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chromoplast" title="Chromoplast">chromoplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elaioplast" title="Elaioplast">elaioplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Etioplast" title="Etioplast">etioplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gerontoplast" title="Gerontoplast">gerontoplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leukoplast" title="Leukoplast">leukoplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nucleomorf" title="Nucleomorf">nucleomorf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">plasmodesma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plastide" title="Plastide">plastide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Proplastide" title="Proplastide">proplastide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFnoplast" title="Proteïnoplast">proteïnoplast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statoliet" title="Statoliet">statoliet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">vacuole</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    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