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赖清德出访太平洋三国,将过境夏威夷和关岛 - 纽约时报中文网
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data-headline="%E8%B5%96%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%BA%E8%AE%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%86%E8%BF%87%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B3%E5%B2%9B"> --><!-- <i class="icon-qrcode"></i> --><!-- </a> --><!-- </li> --></ul><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div></div><article class="article-content font-normal"><div class="article-header"><header><small></small><h1>赖清德出访太平洋三国,将过境夏威夷和关岛</h1></header><div class="byline-row"><div class="byline-box"><div class="byline"><address>储百亮, AMY CHANG CHIEN</address><time pudate="2024-12-02 12:08:42" datetime="2024-12-02 12:08:42">2024年12月2日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-topnew-jvkl/30taiwan-pacific-topnew-jvkl-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="700" alt="台湾总统赖清德周六抵达台湾桃园国际机场。他计划访问马绍尔群岛、图瓦卢和帕劳。"><figcaption><span>台湾总统赖清德周六抵达台湾桃园国际机场。他计划访问马绍尔群岛、图瓦卢和帕劳。</span> <cite>Chiang Ying-Ying/Associated Press</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><div class="article-left"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">台湾总统周六出访,旨在试图加强与台湾部分外交盟友的关系。台湾这个民主岛屿的外交盟友正在不断减少。中国努力将台湾赶出国际舞台,在抵制中国这一努力的斗争中,赖清德此次访问的三个太平洋小岛国发挥了巨大作用。</div><div class="article-paragraph">台湾总统赖清德<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://english.president.gov.tw/News/6842">计划访问</a>马绍尔群岛、图瓦卢和帕劳,它们占到了台湾<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=1294&sms=1007">12个</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=1294&sms=1007">邦</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=1294&sms=1007">交</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=1294&sms=1007">国</a>的四分之一。自1970年代以来,已有<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://ekinchiu.wixsite.com/rochistory/post/diplomatic-relations-over-the-years-quantity">数十个国家</a>与台湾断绝关系,转向与中国建交。北京宣称自治的台湾是其领土,并坚持如果各国政府想与中国建立全面关系,就必须终止与台北的外交关系。</div><div class="article-paragraph">赖清德为期一周的访问正值其政府<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20241111/taiwan-trump-us-support/">试图搞清</a>候任总统特朗普将给美国与台湾和中国的关系带来哪些变化之际。特朗普已要求台湾大幅增加军费开支,并抱怨台湾在半导体制造领域的全球主导地位。但特朗普提名的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/11/us/politics/trump-rubio-secretary-of-state.html">内阁人选中</a>包括了对中国深感不信任并同情台湾的共和党人。</div><div class="article-paragraph">专家表示,在充满不确定性的时期,台湾需要利用一切能获得的国际优势,包括来自太平洋地区的小国盟友。据<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://data.who.int/countries/">联合国估计</a>,这几个国家的总人口约为6.7万,而台湾的人口超过<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://eng.stat.gov.tw/Point.aspx?sid=t.9&n=4208&sms=11713">2300万</a>。但这几个国家都是联合国及其机构的成员,而台湾通常被排除在外。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“台湾对这些邦交国示好,好处当然就是国际上面这些友邦会帮我们发声,在各种国际场合——台湾没有办法做到的地方。”位于台湾南部高雄市的国立中山大学专门研究亚太关系的教授<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://ips.nsysu.edu.tw/people/faculty/ianchen">陈宗岩</a>表示。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-wmvq/30taiwan-pacific-wmvq-master1050.jpg" alt="台北一家食肆的电视正在播放11月美国总统大选的新闻。赖清德为期一周的访问正值台湾政府试图搞清候任总统特朗普将给美国与台湾和中国的关系带来哪些变化之际。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-wmvq/30taiwan-pacific-wmvq-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>台北一家食肆的电视正在播放11月美国总统大选的新闻。赖清德为期一周的访问正值台湾政府试图搞清候任总统特朗普将给美国与台湾和中国的关系带来哪些变化之际。</span> <cite>Annabelle Chih/Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph"><a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202411280216.aspx">台湾官员表示</a>,除了访问几个太平洋岛国外,赖清德还将在夏威夷停留两晚,并在太平洋上的美国领土关岛停留一天。他的访问已经招致<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xw/fyrbt/202411/t20241122_11531664.html">北京的谴责</a>。如果先例可供参考的话,未来几天,中国可能会通过抨击赖清德来表达对其出访的愤怒。台湾安全官员表示,他们预计北京还将在台湾周边加强军事活动,包括海警演习。</div><div class="article-paragraph">中国称台湾领导人在美国领土停留违反了华盛顿与北京的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202304/04/WS642be302a31057c47ebb857d.html">外交共识</a>;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank">美国官员</a>则表示,过境访问是对台湾领导人的礼遇。台湾领导人一直利用这种短暂停留来加强与美国的关系。尽管没有建立全面外交关系,但美国仍然是台湾最重要的合作伙伴——它是台湾商品的重要市场,以及大部分军事武器的供应国。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">赖清德此次不会踏足美国本土,因此减少了高规格会晤引起关注的机会。由于中国领导人正专注于为特朗普的第二任期做准备,北京的反应也可能会相对平和。赖清德为保住台湾的外交影响力(尤其是在太平洋地区)所做的努力可能会受到更多关注。</div><div class="article-paragraph">赖清德在台北登机前表示,面对全球挑战,“台湾要积极地走近世界”。这是他<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20240520/taiwan-president-china-us/">今年5月就任总统</a>以来首次出访。他还说,三个太平洋盟友“支持台湾的国际参与”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">总部位于悉尼的外交政策智库洛伊研究所太平洋岛屿项目主任<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/mihai-sora">米哈伊·索拉</a>表示,赖清德可能特别希望确保马绍尔群岛、图瓦卢和帕劳在太平洋岛国论坛上为台湾发声。该论坛是太平洋地区的主要外交会议,也是台湾作为“<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/09/02/2003823134">发展伙伴</a>”稳定出席的少数多边场合之一,这一点让同样参与对话的中国外交官感到意外和担忧。</div><div class="article-paragraph">据《卫报》报道,今年在汤加举行的太平洋岛国论坛上,各国领导人会面时,一名中国官员<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/30/pacific-islands-forum-communique-taken-down-after-chinese-envoy-calls-taiwan-reference-unacceptable">谴责了确认台湾地位的公报草案</a>。但与中国关系密切的所罗门群岛可能会在明年主办领导人会议时<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pacificislandtimes.com/post/resisting-china-s-relentless-pressure-taiwan-girds-itself-for-2025-pacific-islands-forum-meeting">试图削弱台湾的地位</a>。台湾的外交伙伴可以帮助应对这一风险。</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-03-zjml/30taiwan-pacific-03-zjml-master1050.jpg" alt="8月,太平洋岛国论坛在汤加努库阿洛法举行。该论坛是是台湾稳定出席的少数多边场合之一,这让同样参与对话的中国外交官感到意外和担忧。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-03-zjml/30taiwan-pacific-03-zjml-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>8月,太平洋岛国论坛在汤加努库阿洛法举行。该论坛是是台湾稳定出席的少数多边场合之一,这让同样参与对话的中国外交官感到意外和担忧。</span> <cite>Lukas Coch/EPA, via Shutterstock</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">“我国对所罗门群岛等扈从中国国家可能利用机会打压2025年参与太平洋岛国论坛情形均密切掌握,”台湾外交部发言人刘永健在书面回复记者提问时表示。他表示,台湾将与外交盟友和合作伙伴“密切合作”,“坚定维护我国参与PIF(太平洋岛国论坛)的权益”。</div><div class="article-paragraph">过去十年,中国通过慷慨的援助和投资来拉拢台湾剩余的外交伙伴,这在一定程度上是为了打压台湾的全球地位,并报复连续执政的民进党政府。民进党拒绝承认台湾是中国的一部分,并表示从实际意义上讲,台湾是独立的,且应该保持这种状态。</div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>广告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="article-paragraph">今年1月赖清德赢得台湾总统大选几天后,<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20240116/taiwan-nauru-china-election/">中国就宣布</a>,已说服太平洋上的小岛国瑙鲁断绝了与台湾的外交关系,转而与北京建交。2019年,两个太平洋岛国——基里巴斯和所罗门群岛——转向<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20190923/taiwan-kiribati-china/">北京</a>。本周,中国领导人习近平在北京会见了萨摩亚总理菲娅梅·内奥米·马塔阿法,向外界展示中国是<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202411/27/WS67458113a310f1265a1cfad0.html">太平洋岛国的坚定盟友。</a></div><div class="article-paragraph">太平洋岛国论坛秘书处前官员、现在新西兰奥克兰理工大学任教的西奥内·特基泰基表示,太平洋岛屿饱受全球变暖引发的海平面上升威胁,这里的人们已经学会应对蔓延到本地区的地缘政治竞争。</div><div class="article-paragraph">“我认为,问题在于,他们不是试图自己解决问题,而是通过与其有关联的太平洋国家来解决问题,这反过来又造成了这些太平洋国家之间的紧张关系,”特基泰基在谈到中国和台湾时说。“这对我们来说是一个大问题仅仅是因为其他人都在谈论它,并且把太平洋国家也拉进来了。”</div><div class="article-paragraph"><figure class="article-inline-photo large"><div class="img-box"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-qtzf/30taiwan-pacific-qtzf-master1050.jpg" alt="周五,士兵在台北自由广场升起台湾国旗。中国认为台湾是其领土的一部分,一直寻求减少台湾邦交国的数量。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2024/11/30/multimedia/30taiwan-pacific-qtzf/30taiwan-pacific-qtzf-master1050.jpg"></div><figcaption><span>周五,士兵在台北自由广场升起台湾国旗。中国认为台湾是其领土的一部分,一直寻求减少台湾邦交国的数量。</span> <cite>I-Hwa Cheng/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images</cite></figcaption></figure></div><div class="article-paragraph">洛伊研究所对太平洋岛国接受的援助进行的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://pacificaidmap.lowyinstitute.org/analysis/2024/key-findings/">最新年度调查</a>估计,2022年(有数据可查的最近一年),台湾已跌出该地区十大双边援助捐助国之列。这似乎反映出,当台湾在太平洋地区的外交伙伴转向北京时,它们不再接受台湾的援助。中国是该地区第二大捐助国,仅次于澳大利亚。</div><div class="article-paragraph">在洛伊研究所供职的索拉表示,台湾在太平洋地区尚存的外交盟友都与美国或澳大利亚有着密切的关系,这可能会阻止它们转向北京。马绍尔群岛和帕劳通过所谓的“<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12194">自由联合协定</a>”获得美国的经济支持和其他利益,图瓦卢去年与澳大利亚签署了一项<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/tuvalu/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union">范围广泛的协议。</a></div><div class="article-paragraph">“这是为这三个国家与台湾的现有外交关系增加压舱石的一个重要因素,”索拉说。“这些国家可能不会感到有压力或被迫寻求新的外交伙伴关系。”</div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section><footer class="author-info"><span><p>储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者,在台北报道中国和台湾问题,重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/chris-buckley">点击查看更多关于他的信息。</a></p><div data-poster="" class=""><span><p>Amy Chang Chien是《纽约时报》记者/研究员,常驻台北,报道台湾和中国新闻。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/amy-chang-chien">点击查看更多关于她的信息</a>。</p><p>翻译:纽约时报中文网</p><div data-poster="" class=""><div data-poster="" class=""><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/30/world/asia/taiwans-president-pacific-islands-china.html">点击查看本文英文版。</a></div></div></span></div></span></footer></div></div></article><div class="container article-footer"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12 mobile-refer-cont" id="J_hideRefer"><div class="related-cont"><h4>相关报道</h4><ul class="refer-list"><li class="article-refer"><div class="refer-list-item"><a href="/world/20241111/taiwan-trump-us-support/" title="特朗普重返白宫将如何搅动台海局势"><div><h3 class="refer-list-headline">特朗普重返白宫将如何搅动台海局势</h3><p class="refer-pubdate">2024年11月11日</p></div><img alt="特朗普重返白宫将如何搅动台海局势" 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