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<span>Decision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lincoln's_rationale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lincoln's_rationale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lincoln's rationale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lincoln's_rationale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indictment_of_Merryman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment_of_Merryman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Indictment of Merryman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictment_of_Merryman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Congressional response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_discussion_by_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_discussion_by_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Later discussion by courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_discussion_by_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_reactions_during_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_reactions_during_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Scholarly reactions during the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_reactions_during_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States legal case</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Milligan" title="Ex parte Milligan">Ex parte Milligan</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Roger B. Taney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4413" data-file-height="6402" /></a><figcaption>Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> issued the ruling in <i>Ex parte Merryman</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Ex parte Merryman</b></i>, 17 F. Cas. 144 (C.C.D. Md. 1861) (No. 9487), was a controversial <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_court_system" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal court system">U.S. federal court</a> case that arose out of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a test of the authority of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> to suspend "the privilege of the <a href="/wiki/Writ" title="Writ">writ</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i>" under the Constitution's <a href="/wiki/Suspension_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension Clause">Suspension Clause</a>, when Congress was in recess and therefore unavailable to do so itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Rehnquist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rehnquist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, the case raised questions about the ability of the executive branch to decline to enforce judicial decisions when the executive believes them to be erroneous and harmful to its own legal powers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Merryman" title="John Merryman">John Merryman</a> was a prominent planter from <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County, Maryland</a>, who had been arrested at his rural plantation for destroying railroad bridges on which Union troops were traveling. Held prisoner in <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> harbor,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was kept inaccessible to the judiciary and to civilian legal authorities generally. <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> ruled in this case that the authority to suspend <i>habeas corpus</i> lay exclusively with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taney's ruling was not a Supreme Court decision. </p><p>Taney filed his <i>Merryman</i> decision with the United States Circuit Court for the District of Maryland, but it is unclear if Taney's decision was a circuit court decision. One view, based in part on Taney's handwritten copy of his decision in <i>Merryman</i>, is that Taney heard the <i>habeas action</i> under special authority granted to federal judges by Section 14 of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a>. According to this view, <i>Merryman</i> was an <a href="/wiki/In-chambers_opinion" title="In-chambers opinion">in-chambers opinion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its vague jurisdictional locus and hastened disposition, aspects of the <i>Merryman</i> decision remain contested to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Executive Branch, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> as Commander-in-Chief, did not comply with Taney's <i>Merryman</i> opinion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a person is detained by police or other authority, a court can issue a writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>, compelling the detaining authority either to show proper cause for detaining the person (e.g., by filing criminal charges) or to release the detainee. The court can remand the prisoner to custody, release him on <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a>, or release him outright. Article I, Section 9 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, which mostly consists of limitations upon the power of Congress, includes the Suspension Clause: </p> <blockquote><p>The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.</p></blockquote> <p>In April 1861, when combat erupted in the Civil War, President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> called for the states to provide <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> troops to the Federal government to suppress the rebellion. Troops traveling to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> passed through <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>. Baltimore mobs objecting to a war with the seceding states <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">attacked some of the troop transports</a> on April 19. It seemed possible that Maryland would attempt to block the passage of troops, cutting off Washington, and impeding a war against the South. </p><p>On April 29, the Maryland legislature voted 53–13 against secession,<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell,_p.87_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell,_p.87-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it also voted not to reopen rail links with the North. It requested that Lincoln remove the growing numbers of federal troops from Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrest_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrest-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time the legislature appeared to want to avoid involvement in a war with its southern neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrest_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrest-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearful that the transport of more Union troops through the city and state would provoke more rioting, and possibly in an attempt to enact secession by extralegal means, <a href="/wiki/George_William_Brown_(mayor)" title="George William Brown (mayor)">Mayor George Brown</a> of Baltimore and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Hicks" title="Thomas Holliday Hicks">Governor Thomas Hicks</a> of Maryland asked that no more troops cross Maryland, but Lincoln refused.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next few weeks, troops were transported to Washington via <a href="/wiki/Annapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis">Annapolis</a>, avoiding Baltimore. Also on April 19, Lincoln asked <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a> for an opinion on the suspension of the writ of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i>. </p><p>The threat to the capital was serious, and Lincoln eventually responded by delegating limited authority to the Army to suspend habeas corpus in Maryland. On April 27, 1861, he told General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (commanding general of the Army) that if there was any resistance on the "military line" from Annapolis to Washington, Scott or "the officer in command at the point" was authorized to suspend <i>habeas corpus</i> if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-merryman148_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman148-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg/220px-John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg/330px-John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg/440px-John_Merryman_by_Meredith_Janvier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>John Merryman. Oil on canvas attributed to Meredith Janvier, c. 1910–1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the Maryland legislature's April 29 directive that Maryland not be used as a passage for troops attacking the South, Governor Hicks allegedly ordered the state militia to demolish several state railroad bridges (at <a href="/wiki/Bush_River_(Maryland)" title="Bush River (Maryland)">Bush River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_River" title="Gunpowder River">Gunpowder River</a>). Militia Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/John_Merryman" title="John Merryman">John Merryman</a> was arrested on May 25 by order of Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/William_High_Keim" class="mw-redirect" title="William High Keim">William High Keim</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Volunteers" title="United States Volunteers">United States Volunteers</a>, for his role in destroying the bridges. Merryman was charged with treason and being a commissioned lieutenant in an organization intending armed hostility toward the government.<sup id="cite_ref-merryman146_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman146-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another Maryland habeas corpus case, just prior to <i>Merryman</i>, Judge <a href="/wiki/William_Fell_Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="William Fell Giles">William Fell Giles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">United States District Court for the District of Maryland</a> issued a writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>. The commander of <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a>, Major <a href="/wiki/William_W._Morris" title="William W. Morris">William W. Morris</a>, wrote in reply, </p> <blockquote><p>At the date of issuing your writ, and for two weeks previous, the city in which you live, and where your court has been held, was entirely under the control of revolutionary authorities. Within that period United States soldiers, while committing no offense, had been perfidiously attacked and inhumanly murdered in your streets; no punishment had been awarded, and I believe, no arrests had been made for these atrocious crimes; supplies of provisions intended for this garrison had been stopped; the intention to capture this fort had been boldly proclaimed; your most public thoroughfares were daily patrolled by large numbers of troops, armed and clothed, at least in part, with articles stolen from the United States; and the Federal flag, while waving over the Federal offices, was cut down by some person wearing the uniform of a Maryland officer. To add to the foregoing, an assemblage elected in defiance of law, but claiming to be the legislative body of your State, and so recognized by the Executive of Maryland, was debating the Federal compact. If all this be not rebellion, I know not what to call it. I certainly regard it as sufficient legal cause for suspending the privilege of the writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>.</p></blockquote> <p>Morris also wrote, "If, in an experience of thirty-three years, you have never before known the writ to be disobeyed, it is only because such a contingency in political affairs as the present has never before arisen."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rather than approaching Judge Giles, whose prior order in a Maryland habeas matter had been ignored, Merryman's lawyers went to Washington, D.C., and asked Chief Justice Taney to issue a writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>. Taney promptly issued the writ on Merryman's behalf on May 26, 1861; Taney ordered General <a href="/wiki/George_Cadwalader" title="George Cadwalader">George Cadwalader</a>, the commander of the military district including <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a>, where Merryman was being held, to bring Merryman before Taney the next day. Taney's order directed Cadwalader only to produce Merryman at court, not to release him. During that era, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> Justices sat as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Circuit_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Circuit Court">circuit court</a> judges, as well. It is unclear if Taney was acting in his role as a circuit judge for the United States Circuit Court for the District of Maryland, or making use of special authority to hear <i>habeas</i> matters permitted to all federal judges, including the Chief Justice, under Section 14 of the Judiciary Act of 1789. </p><p>Taney stated that he held court on this matter in Maryland, rather than Washington, D.C., in order to permit Gen. Cadwalader to answer the writ in Baltimore rather than the capital, and so not have to leave the limits of his military command.<sup id="cite_ref-merryman147_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman147-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cadwalader, although a lawyer, had less than one day to draft a response and defense for his conduct and that of the Army. Cadwalader responded to Taney's order on May 27 by sending a colonel to explain that the Army had suspended the writ of <i>habeas corpus</i> under presidential authority. Cadwalader also provided a letter explaining the circumstances of Merryman's arrest, including that Merryman was arrested by Keim's subordinates for treason, and for being illegally in possession of U.S. arms, and for advocating "armed hostility against the Government". The letter declared that the public safety was still threatened and that any errors "should be on the side of safety to the country". Because of the serious nature of the charges and complexity of the issues, Cadwalader requested an extension to reply in order to get further instructions from the President. </p><p>Taney refused the request,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and instead held Cadwalader in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> for refusing to produce John Merryman.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, Taney issued a <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_attachment" title="Writ of attachment">writ of attachment</a> for Cadwalader, ordering a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">U.S. Marshal</a> to seize Cadwalader and bring him before the court the following day. </p><p>Cadwalader had been sent instructions on May 28, 1861, from Army headquarters explicitly acknowledging issuance by Chief Justice Taney of the writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>, and ordering Cadwalader, under the President's authority, to keep holding Merryman in custody.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On that same day, the Executive Branch – namely, a U.S. Marshal – attempted to execute Taney's writ of attachment, but the U.S. Marshal was refused entry into the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-merryman147_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman147-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no concrete documentation that Cadwalader had received those instructions prior to the time when the Marshal was refused entrance at Fort McHenry; there is no evidence that Cadwalader ever received those instructions from Army Headquarters. Because the Marshal was unable to serve the attachment, the citation for contempt was never adjudicated. At the end of the <i>Merryman</i> litigation, it became a nullity, as do all civil contempt orders at the termination of litigation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decision">Decision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 28, Taney stated from the bench that the President can neither suspend <i>habeas corpus</i> nor authorize a military officer to do it, and that military officers cannot arrest a person not subject to the rules and articles of war, except as ordered by the courts. Taney noted that, while the marshal had the right to call up the <i><a href="/wiki/Posse_comitatus_(common_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Posse comitatus (common law)">posse comitatus</a></i> to assist him in seizing General Cadwalader and in bringing him before the court, it was probably unwise for the marshal to do so, as the civilian and military authorities might collide and violence ensue, and thus Taney would not punish the marshal for failing in his task. He then promised a more lengthy, written ruling within the week and ordered that it be sent to President Lincoln, "in order that he might perform his constitutional duty, to enforce the laws, by securing obedience to the process of the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-merryman148_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman148-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics of Taney believe that he was a partisan Democrat and an opponent of Lincoln and that his politics influenced his decision in <i>Merryman.</i> This criticism may have support in the fact that the Taney Court should have dismissed the <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford"><i>Dred Scott</i></a> case after finding "that the Court had no jurisdiction over Dred Scott's case because he was not a citizen" but instead choose to rule that the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> was unconstitutional despite that issue not being before the Court. In <i>Merryman</i>, Taney's decision to deny General Cadwalader time to consult the president and dispatch a <a href="/wiki/US_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="US Marshal">US Marshal</a> to arrest him during a Civil War and bring him before his court demonstrated partisan corruption on Taney's part. On the other hand, partisan Democrat or not, Taney's <i>Merryman</i> opinion was arguably a simple application of well-established law and consulting the president was irrelevant for General Cadwalader because Lincoln didn't have jurisdiction. Lincoln was also critical of Taney because of his ruling in the <i>Dred Scott</i> case. The case became historic because not only did President Lincoln refuse to comply with Taney's ruling, <a href="/wiki/Executive_privilege" title="Executive privilege">which does have precedent</a>, but he directly violated it by continuing the suspension without congressional approval. It has never been squarely determined whether the president has any independent authority to suspend <i>habeas corpus</i>, or whether Lincoln's intentionally violating Taney's ruling without legal consequence stands as a precedent. </p><p>Taney filed his written opinion on June 1, 1861, with the United States Circuit Court for the District of Maryland. In it, he argued at length against Lincoln for granting himself easily abused powers. Taney's opinion was based in large part on the fact that the Suspension Clause is located in Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution, and "This article is devoted to the Legislative Department of the United States, and has not the slightest reference to the Executive Department".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taney also asserted that the President was not authorized to suspend <i>habeas corpus</i> because only Parliament, not the King, had such powers under English law. Referring to other provisions in the Bill of Rights, Taney wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These great and fundamental laws, which Congress itself could not suspend, have been disregarded and suspended, like the writ of <i>habeas corpus</i>, by a military order, supported by force of arms. Such is the case now before me, and I can only say that if the authority which the Constitution has confided to the judiciary department and judicial officers, may thus, upon any pretext or under any circumstances, be usurped by the military power, at its discretion, the people of the United States are no longer living under a government of laws, but every citizen holds life, liberty and property at the will and pleasure of the army officer in whose military district he may happen to be found.<sup id="cite_ref-merryman152_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merryman152-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Taney noted in a footnote to the above passage that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> listed making the military power independent of and superior to the civil power as one justification for dissolving political allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Declaration of Independence states, "He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taney's opinion quoted an earlier opinion by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Bollman" title="Ex parte Bollman">Ex parte Bollman</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If at any time the public safety should require the suspension of the powers vested by this act in the courts of the United States, it is for the Legislature to say so. That question depends on political considerations, on which the Legislature is to decide. Until the legislative will be expressed, this court can only see its duty, and must obey the laws.</p></blockquote> <p>Taney's final order in <i>Merryman</i> never actually ordered Cadwalader (the actual defendant), the Army, Lincoln or his administration, or anyone else to release John Merryman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lincoln's_rationale"><span id="Lincoln.27s_rationale"></span>Lincoln's rationale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lincoln's rationale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common view is that the Lincoln administration did not comply with the rule of law by defying Chief Justice Taney's <i>Merryman</i> opinion and thus Lincoln and his administration invoked <a href="/wiki/Nonacquiescence" title="Nonacquiescence">nonacquiescence</a>. Alternatively, another view is that Taney was wrong about the law, and so noncompliance was not only reasonable but the only justified response. </p><p>Merryman remained in custody while Congress remained in recess. Lincoln also received an opinion supporting his suspension from his Attorney General, Edward Bates.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bates opinion (or a preliminary draft of that opinion) may have influenced Lincoln's subsequent message to Congress that discussed his administration's policy in regard to habeas corpus. However, Lincoln's message to Congress was dated July 4, 1861; the Bates opinion was dated the next day, July 5, 1861. Lincoln, in his message to Congress, framed the issue as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The whole of the laws which were required to be faithfully executed were being resisted and failing of execution in nearly one-third of the States. Must they be allowed to finally fail of execution, even had it been perfectly clear that by the use of the means necessary to their execution some single law, made in such extreme tenderness of the citizen's liberty that practically it relieves more of the guilty than of the innocent, should to a very limited extent be violated? To state the question more directly, Are all the laws but one to go unexecuted, and the Government itself go to pieces lest that one be violated? Even in such a case, would not the official oath be broken if the Government should be overthrown when it was believed that disregarding the single law would tend to preserve it? But it was not believed that this question was presented. It was not believed that any law was violated. The provision of the Constitution that "the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it" is equivalent to a provision—is a provision—that such privilege may be suspended when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety does require it. It was decided that we have a case of rebellion and that the public safety does require the qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ which was authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress, and not the Executive, is vested with this power; but the Constitution itself is silent as to which or who is to exercise the power; and as the provision was plainly made for a dangerous emergency, it can not be believed the framers of the instrument intended that in every case the danger should run its course until Congress could be called together, the very assembling of which might be prevented, as was intended in this case, by the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Scholars, both during and after the war, largely sided with Lincoln's argument over Taney's. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Burlingame_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Burlingame (historian)">Michael Burlingame</a>, "Lincoln had a good argument, for Congress in that era was often out of session, and an invasion or rebellion might well take place during one of its long recesses, just as had occurred in April."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the month preceding the <i>Merryman</i> case, Baltimore Mayor Brown,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the entire city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police, were arrested and imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a> without charges, creating some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September after the <i>Merryman</i> ruling, and in disregard of it, the Army arrested sitting Democratic U.S. Congressman for Maryland <a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry May (Maryland)">Henry May</a>, and fully one third of the members of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a>, and expanded the geographical zone within which the writ of habeas corpus was suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When prominent Baltimore newspaper editor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Key_Howard" title="Frank Key Howard">Frank Key Howard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key" title="Francis Scott Key">Francis Scott Key</a>'s grandson) in a September editorial criticized Lincoln's failure to comply with Chief Justice Taney's <i>Merryman</i> opinion, Howard was himself arrested by Federal troops under orders from Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/William_Seward" class="mw-redirect" title="William Seward">Secretary of State Seward</a> and held without charge or trial. Howard described these events in his 1863 book <i>Fourteen Months in American Bastiles</i>, where he noted that he was imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a>, the same fort where the <a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Spangled Banner">Star Spangled Banner</a> had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1861, one of them, John Murphy, asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. When the writ was delivered to General <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Porter_(Civil_War_general)" title="Andrew Porter (Civil War general)">Andrew Porter</a> Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia, he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge <a href="/wiki/William_Matthew_Merrick" class="mw-redirect" title="William Matthew Merrick">William Matthew Merrick</a>, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_ex_rel._Murphy_v._Porter" title="United States ex rel. Murphy v. Porter">United States ex rel. Murphy v. Porter</a></i>. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order.<sup id="cite_ref-Burlingame_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burlingame-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court objected that this disruption of its <a href="/wiki/Legal_process" title="Legal process">process</a> was unconstitutional as the president had not declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> (while acknowledging that he had the power to do so) but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1861, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bennett_Carmichael" title="Richard Bennett Carmichael">Richard Bennett Carmichael</a>, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. The order came from Secretary of State Seward. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session before dragging him out, initiating yet another public controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1862, Lincoln took a step back from the suspension of <i>habeas corpus</i> controversy. On February 14, he ordered most political prisoners released, with some exceptions (such as editor Howard), and offered them <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> for past treason or disloyalty, so long as they did not aid the Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-AmnestyProc_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmnestyProc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indictment_of_Merryman">Indictment of Merryman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indictment of Merryman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 10, by which time Congress was able to reconvene for a special session, Merryman was indicted for treason by a grand jury in Baltimore for the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland. The indictment alleged that in cooperation with 500 armed men Merryman had "most wickedly, maliciously, and traitorously" waged war on the United States. He was charged with destroying six railroad bridges and the telegraph lines along the tracks, all with the intent to impede the passage of troops and obstruct vital military communications. Thirteen witnesses to the actions were listed. Seven other men were indicted along with Merryman. On July 13, he was released pending trial upon the posting $20,000 bail.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case never came to trial. Since treason was a capital offense, it had to be tried in the circuit court. For Maryland-related alleged crimes, this meant that Taney and District Judge William F. Giles would both hear the case, as they were the only two federal judges for the United States Circuit Court for the District of Maryland. Taney consistently refused to schedule hearings for any of those charged, claiming that he believed they would not receive a fair trial in Maryland during wartime conditions. He also discouraged Judge Giles from hearing the case by himself and resisted efforts to have another Justice replace him (part of his delay was blamed on poor health). As the refusal continued into 1864, Taney wrote to Justice Samuel Nelson that "I will not place the judicial power in this humiliating position nor consent to degrade and disgrace it, and if the district attorney presses the prosecutions I shall refuse to take them up."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a>, nominated by President Lincoln and succeeding Taney as Chief Justice and circuit judge for Maryland, also delayed hearing <i>Merryman</i> and other similar Maryland treason cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_response">Congressional response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Congressional response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After reconvening in July, Congress failed to pass a bill favored by Lincoln to explicitly approve his <i>habeas corpus</i> suspensions and to authorize the administration to continue them.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administration would continue the arrests, regardless, with a new wave of arrests beginning in Maryland in September 1861. However, in the summer of 1861, Congress did adopt more general retroactive language rendering Lincoln's previous actions during the spring "in all respects legalized".<sup id="cite_ref-McGinty_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinty-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1862 <a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry May (Maryland)">U.S. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland)</a>, who had been imprisoned in the new wave of arrests and held without charges from September 1861 to December 1861, introduced a bill requiring the federal government either to indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without <i>habeas corpus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-p._106_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._106-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May's bill passed the House in summer 1862, and its position would later be included in the <a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1863">Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1863</a>, which would require actual indictments for suspected traitors.<sup id="cite_ref-p._107_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._107-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several months later, faced with opposition to his calling up of the militia, Lincoln again suspended <i>habeas corpus</i> in the entire country and made anyone charged with interfering with the draft, discouraging enlistments, or aiding the Confederacy subject to <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the interim, the controversy continued with several calls made for prosecution of those who acted under Lincoln's suspension of <i>habeas corpus</i>. Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a> had even been arrested in connection with a suit for <a href="/wiki/Vi_et_armis" title="Vi et armis">trespass <i>vi et armis</i></a>, assault and battery, and false imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-sellery3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sellery3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1863, former Maryland Governor Hicks who had requested that Lincoln not transport troops through the state was now a U.S. Senator, and claimed: "I believe that arrests and arrests alone saved the State of Maryland not only from greater degradation than she suffered, but from everlasting destruction. ... I approved them [the arrests] then, and I approve them now; and the only thing for which I condemn the Administration in regard to that matter is that they let some of these men out."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The passage of the <i>Habeas Corpus</i> Suspension Act in March 1863 finally ended the controversy, at least temporarily, by authorizing presidential suspension of the writ during the Civil War, but requiring indictment by grand jury (or release) of political prisoners, and by indemnifying federal officials who had arrested citizens without <i>habeas</i> in the previous two years. It has been argued that after this Act was passed, Lincoln and his administration continued to arrest and hold prisoners without giving such prisoners the procedural protections mandated by the Act. In doing so, Lincoln and his administration relied wholly on presidential power claims. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_discussion_by_courts">Later discussion by courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later discussion by courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rest of the U.S. Supreme Court had nothing to do with <i>Merryman</i>, and the other two justices from the South, <a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">John Catron</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">James Moore Wayne</a>, acted as Unionists. For instance, Catron's charge to a Saint Louis grand jury, saying that armed resistance to the federal government was treason, was quoted in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a></i> of July 14, 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On circuit, Catron closely cooperated with military authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several district and circuit court rulings followed Taney's opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to historian <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hyman" title="Harold Hyman">Harold Hyman</a>, most northern lawyers accepted Lincoln's view that Taney's opinion in <i>Merryman</i> was "ultimately reversible by political processes", and Taney's opinion in that case "convinced no other justices and few lower federal judges".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Taney's <i>Merryman</i> opinion was adopted by some lower courts, such as the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. See, e.g., Ex parte McQuillon, 16 F. Cas. 347, 348 (S.D.N.Y. 1861) (No. 8294) (Betts, J.) ("[Judge Betts] would, however, follow out that case [<i>Merryman</i>], but would express no opinion whatever, as it would be indecorous on his part to oppose the [C]hief [J]ustice. He would therefore decline taking any action on the writ at all."); In re Kemp, 16 Wis. 359, 1863 WL 1066, at *8 (1863) (Dixon, C.J.) ("I deem it advisable, adhering to the precedent set by other courts and judges under like circumstances, and out of respect to the national authorities, to withhold [granting habeas relief] until they shall have had time to consider what steps they should properly take in the case"). Just as Taney chose not to grant John Merryman relief at the termination of litigation, Betts and Dixon also refused to grant the litigants before them, who were situated similar to Merryman, released from imprisonment. </p><p>The <i>Merryman</i> decision is still among the best-known Civil War-era court cases and one of Taney's most famous opinions, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sanford" class="mw-redirect" title="Dred Scott v. Sanford"><i>Dred Scott</i> case</a>. Its legal argument holding that Congress alone may suspend the writ was restated by Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> in a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a>, in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamdi_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdi v. Rumsfeld">Hamdi v. Rumsfeld</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGinty_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinty-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that case, Scalia and Stevens also described a time-limited exception to the <i>habeas corpus</i> right: </p> <blockquote><p>Where the commitment was for felony or high treason, the [<a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_1679" title="Habeas Corpus Act 1679">Habeas Corpus Act 1679</a>] did not require immediate release, but instead required the Crown to commence criminal proceedings within a specified time…. [T]he practical effect of this provision was that imprisonment without indictment or trial for felony or high treason under §7 would not exceed approximately three to six months.</p></blockquote><p> The <i>Hamdi</i> case, though, did not involve any suspension of the writ, much less a suspension by the President while Congress was unavailable, and no U.S. Supreme Court decision has ever squarely endorsed or rejected Taney's opinion in <i>Merryman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGinty_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinty-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_reactions_during_the_Civil_War">Scholarly reactions during the Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scholarly reactions during the Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An 1862 essay by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Binney" title="Horace Binney">Horace Binney</a> criticized Taney's treatment of the earlier <i>Bollman</i> opinion by Chief Justice Marshall. According to Binney, "there was nothing before Chief Justice [Marshall] to raise the distinction between Congress and the President" and in any event those lines by Chief Justice Marshall were "altogether" <a href="/wiki/Obiter_dictum" title="Obiter dictum">obiter dicta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sidney_George_Fisher" title="Sidney George Fisher">Sidney George Fisher</a> wrote the only full-length book on the Constitution in the Civil War that was published during the war itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Neely_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neely-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding <i>Merryman</i>, Fisher's treatise looked to practice in the mother country:<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The Habeas Corpus Act can only be suspended by Parliament; but in the absence of Parliament, or even when Parliament is in session, and the case demanded instant and secret action, the Ministers of the Crown, when the public safety has, in their opinion, required it, have habitually taken the responsibility of suspending the benefits or privilege of the writ. When Parliament meet, they immediately ask for a bill of indemnity, and also for a suspension of the act itself, should the danger continue. The consent of Parliament is therefore required for any invasion of personal liberty, either before or after such invasion, has always been asked since the statute of 31 Charles II, and has always been granted.</p></blockquote> <p>Even before Fisher's book came out in 1862, scholars were disputing Taney's assertion that Article I of the Constitution "has not the slightest reference to the Executive Department". For example, an October 1861 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_Review" title="University of Pennsylvania Law Review">University of Pennsylvania Law Review</a></i> (then called <i>The American Law Register</i>) pointed out that Article I, Section 9 (where the Suspension Clause is located) includes the <a href="/wiki/Appropriations_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Appropriations Clause">Appropriations Clause</a> which pertains to the executive branch.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sidney George Fisher had a son <a href="/wiki/Sydney_George_Fisher" title="Sydney George Fisher">Sydney George Fisher</a> who compiled a list of 43 pamphlets or the like on the <i>habeas corpus</i> question that had been published during the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonacquiescence" title="Nonacquiescence">Nonacquiescence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_ex_rel._Murphy_v._Porter" title="United States ex rel. Murphy v. Porter">United States ex rel. Murphy v. Porter</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Milligan" title="Ex parte Milligan">Ex parte Milligan</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus_in_the_United_States" title="Habeas corpus in the United States"><i>Habeas corpus</i> in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taney_Arrest_Warrant" title="Taney Arrest Warrant">Taney Arrest Warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland in the Civil War">Maryland in the Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty (2011) p. 173; Neely (2011) p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rehnquist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rehnquist_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Rehnquist" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Rehnquist">William H. Rehnquist</a>, <i>All the Laws But One</i> (New York: Knopf, 1998), pp.27–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a> had been nicknamed the "Baltimore Bastille" for its large numbers of Southern sympathizers under summary arrest held captive in the "Star Fort", while Congress was in recess that Spring of 1861.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/ows/seminarsflvs/ExParteMerryman.pdf"><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"One significant point of disagreement among historians and political scientists is whether Roger Taney heard <i>Ex parte Merryman</i> as a U.S. circuit judge or as a Supreme Court justice in chambers." White, Jonathan W., <i>Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman</i>, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011, pp. 38–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Bruce A. Ragsdale, Ex parte Merryman and Debates on Civil Liberties During the Civil War, pages 11 & 15 (Federal Judicial History Office 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/history/docs/merryman.pdf">Federal Judicial Center</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seth Barrett Tillman, <i>Ex parte Merryman: Myth, History, and Scholarship</i>, 224 <b>Military Law Review</b> 481 (2016) (peer reviewed), <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=2646888">2646888</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell,_p.87-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell,_p.87_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell, p.87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084544/http://ehistory.osu.edu/uscw/features/articles/articleview.cfm?aid=34">"States Which Seceded"</a>. <i>eHistory</i>. Civil War Articles. Ohio State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehistory.osu.edu/uscw/features/articles/articleview.cfm?aid%3D34">the original</a> on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eHistory&rft.atitle=States+Which+Seceded&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fehistory.osu.edu%2Fuscw%2Ffeatures%2Farticles%2Farticleview.cfm%3Faid%253D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arrest-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arrest_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arrest_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111110628/http://teachingamericanhistorymd.net/000001/000000/000017/html/t17.html">"Teaching American History in Maryland – Documents for the Classroom: <i>Arrest of the Maryland Legislature, 1861</i>"</a>. Maryland State Archives. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachingamericanhistorymd.net/000001/000000/000017/html/t17.html">the original</a> on January 11, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+American+History+in+Maryland+%E2%80%93+Documents+for+the+Classroom%3A+Arrest+of+the+Maryland+Legislature%2C+1861&rft.pub=Maryland+State+Archives&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteachingamericanhistorymd.net%2F000001%2F000000%2F000017%2Fhtml%2Ft17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon,_James_F.2007" class="citation book cs1">Simon, James F. (2007). <i>Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney: Slavery, Secession, and the President's War Powers</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5033-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5033-7"><bdi>978-0-7432-5033-7</bdi></a>. <q>He reminded them that Union soldiers were neither birds who could fly over Maryland nor moles who could burrow underground ... 'Go home and tell your people that if they do not attack us, we will not attack them; but if they do attack us, we will return it, and that severely.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln+and+Chief+Justice+Taney%3A+Slavery%2C+Secession%2C+and+the+President%27s+War+Powers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-5033-7&rft.au=Simon%2C+James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merryman148-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merryman148_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merryman148_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman">17 F. Cas. 144</a>, 148 (C.C.D. Md. 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merryman146-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merryman146_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman">17 F. Cas. 144</a>, 146 (C.C.D. Md. 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tucker, Spencer C. <i>American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia</i>, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9dvYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1269">p. 1269</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaludan,_Phillip_S.1994" class="citation book cs1">Paludan, Phillip S. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidencyofabra00palu/page/75"><i>The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln</i></a>. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidencyofabra00palu/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0671-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0671-8"><bdi>0-7006-0671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+Abraham+Lincoln&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7006-0671-8&rft.au=Paludan%2C+Phillip+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidencyofabra00palu%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benson_John_Lossing" title="Benson John Lossing">Benson John Lossing</a> (1866/1997), <i>Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War</i>, reprint, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, Vol. I, Chap. XVIII, "The Capital Secured – Maryland Secessionists Subdued – Contributions by the People", pp. 449–450 [italics in reprint].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merryman147-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merryman147_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merryman147_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman">17 F. Cas. 144</a>, 147 (C.C.D. Md. 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty (2011) pp. 85–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dirck, Brian. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=03Q07sB4m_MC&pg=PA79">Lincoln and the Constitution</a></i>, p. 79 (Southern Illinois University Press, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty, Brian. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JLKxY_kgpn0C&pg=PA13">The Body of John Merryman</a></i>, p. 13 (Harvard University Press 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9QtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA576">The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies</a></i>, p. 576 (U.S. Government Printing Office 1894).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silver, David. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWrghfBQUV0C&pg=PA29">Lincoln's Supreme Court</a></i>, p. 29 (University of Illinois Press, 1956).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz, Bernard. <i>A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States</i>, p. 250 (MacMillan, 1963).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merryman152-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merryman152_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman">17 F. Cas. 144</a>, 152 (C.C.D. Md. 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman">17 F. Cas. 144</a>, 152n3 (C.C.D. Md. 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJefferson" class="citation web cs1">Jefferson, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html">"IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America"</a>. <i>National Archives</i>. The National Archives and Records Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=IN+CONGRESS%2C+July+4%2C+1776.+The+unanimous+Declaration+of+the+thirteen+united+States+of+America&rft.aulast=Jefferson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fdeclaration_transcript.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ex parte Bollman</i>, 8 U.S. 75 (1807).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bates, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA20">"Letter to the President"</a> (July 5, 1861) reprinted in <i>The War of the Rebellion...Additions and Corrections to Series 2, Volume 2</i>, p. 20 (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1902).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320123159/https://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3508">"July 4th Message to Congress (July 4, 1861)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3508">the original</a> on March 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=July+4th+Message+to+Congress+%28July+4%2C+1861%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fspeeches%2Fspeech-3508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burlingame, Michael. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nmibKY8iY84C&pg=PA152">Abraham Lincoln: A Life</a></i>, Volume 2, p. 152 (JHU Press, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Kenton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theday.com/article/20110626/NWS08/306269913">"Historians won't convict Lincoln for suspension of habeas corpus"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_(New_London)" title="The Day (New London)">The Day</a></i> (26 June 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell, p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoettler" class="citation news cs1">Schoettler, Carl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2001/11/27/a-time-liberties-werent-priority/">"A time liberties weren't priority"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=A+time+liberties+weren%27t+priority&rft.aulast=Schoettler&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F2001%2F11%2F27%2Fa-time-liberties-werent-priority%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Charles W., ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LHkbTYE7D8gC&q=mayor+brown+fort+mchenry&pg=PA291"><i>Maryland Voices of the Civil War</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801886218" title="Special:BookSources/9780801886218"><bdi>9780801886218</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maryland+Voices+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=291&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780801886218&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLHkbTYE7D8gC%26q%3Dmayor%2Bbrown%2Bfort%2Bmchenry%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1863" class="citation book cs1">Howard, F. K. (Frank Key) (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourteenmonthsin00inhowa"><i>Fourteen Months in American Bastiles</i></a>. London: H. F. Mackintosh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fourteen+Months+in+American+Bastiles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=H.+F.+Mackintosh&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=F.+K.+%28Frank+Key%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourteenmonthsin00inhowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burlingame-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burlingame_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TR_sM4IFw48C&pg=PA28">Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay</a></i>, p. 28 (SIU Press, Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger eds. 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">12 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-12-762">762</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/courts_circuit_dc.html">"History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Federal+Judiciary%3A+Circuit+Court+of+the+District+of+Columbia%3A+Legislative+History&rft.pub=Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fhome.nsf%2Fpage%2Fcourts_circuit_dc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScharf" class="citation web cs1">Scharf, J. Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080519222040/http://teachingamericanhistorymd.net/000001/000000/000016/html/t16.html">"Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland"</a>. Maryland State Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachingamericanhistorymd.net/000001/000000/000016/html/t16.html">the original</a> on May 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspension+of+Civil+Liberties+in+Maryland&rft.pub=Maryland+State+Archives&rft.aulast=Scharf&rft.aufirst=J.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteachingamericanhistorymd.net%2F000001%2F000000%2F000016%2Fhtml%2Ft16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmnestyProc-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmnestyProc_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Amnesty_to_Political_or_State_Prisoners" class="extiw" title="s:Amnesty to Political or State Prisoners">Amnesty to Political or State Prisoners</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty (2011) pp. 154-155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty (2011) pp. 156–158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Clarke Sellery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rQfnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA11">"Lincoln's suspension of <i>habeas corpus</i> as viewed by Congress"</a> (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1907), pp. 11–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGinty-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGinty_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGinty_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGinty_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McGinty, Brian. <i>Lincoln and the Court</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tcrkYmIlFOsC&pg=PA84">pp. 84</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tcrkYmIlFOsC&pg=PA90">90</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tcrkYmIlFOsC&pg=PA304">304</a> (Harvard University Press 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._106-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._106_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Jonathan. <i>Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman</i>, LSU Press, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pNKB7PjdBl8C&pg=PT106">p. 106</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._107-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._107_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pNKB7PjdBl8C&pg=PT107">p. 107</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Proclamation_94" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Proclamation 94">Proclamation 94</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sellery3-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sellery3_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sellery, pp. 34–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Catton" title="Bruce Catton">Bruce Catton</a> (1961), <i>The Coming Fury</i>, 1967 reprint, New York: Pocket Books, Ch. 6, "The Way of Revolution", Sec. 2, "Arrests and Arrests Alone", p. 360, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-46989-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-46989-4">0-671-46989-4</a>; <i>Congressional Globe</i>, 37th Congress, Third Session, Part 2, pp. 1372–1373, 1376 (February 1863).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Don E. Fehrenbacher</a> (1978/2001), <i>The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics</i>, New York: Oxford, Chapter 23, "In the Stream of History", p. 574, and p. 715, n. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Catron, John", in <i>Webster's American Biographies</i> (1979), Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollin C. Hurd, <i>A Treatise on the Right of Personal Liberty and on the Writ of Habeas Corpus</i>, revised with notes by Frank H. Hurd (Albany, 1876), 121n–122n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyman, Harold. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cY3er3ilgjcC&pg=PA584">The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United</a></i>, p. 584 (Kermit Hall et al. eds., Oxford U. Press 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/542/507.html"><i>Hamdi v. Rumsfeld</i></a>, 542 U.S. 507 (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Binney, Horace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnlWudWd2D4C&dq=%22however+altogether+obiter%22&pg=PA34"><i>The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus under the Constitution</i></a>, Vol. 1, p. 34 (1862).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neely-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neely_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neely, Mark. <i>Lincoln and the Triumph of the Nation: Constitutional Conflict in the American Civil War</i>, pp. 100-104 (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Sidney George. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lb1DAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA211">The Trial of the Constitution</a></i>, p. 211 (1862).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/writofhabeascorp00dutt/writofhabeascorp00dutt_djvu.txt">Writ of Habeas Corpus</a>", <i>American Law Register</i>, Vol. IX, pp. 705, 709-710 (October 1861).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Sydney. “<a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Suspension_of_Habeas_Corpus_during_the_War_of_the_Rebellion">The Suspension of Habeas Corpus during the War of the Rebellion</a>”, <i><a href="/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly" title="Political Science Quarterly">Political Science Quarterly</a></i> (1888).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brown, George William. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lhbcb&fileName=03453//lhbcb03453.db&recNum=4&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Flhbcbbib%3A@field%28NUMBER%2B@od1%28lhbcb%2B03453%29%29&linkText=0">Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April 1861</a></i> (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1887; reprinted by Johns Hopkins University Press in 2001).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Catton" title="Bruce Catton">Catton, Bruce</a> (1961), <i>The Coming Fury</i>, 1967 reprint, New York: Pocket Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-46989-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-46989-4">0-671-46989-4</a> .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Fehrenbacher, Don Edward</a> (1978), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dred_Scott_Case:_Its_Significance_in_American_Law_and_Politics" title="The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics">The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics</a></i>, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, Pulitzer Prize in History.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1863" class="citation book cs1">Howard, F. K. (Frank Key) (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourteenmonthsin00inhowa"><i>Fourteen Months in American Bastiles</i></a>. London: H. F. Mackintosh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fourteen+Months+in+American+Bastiles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=H.+F.+Mackintosh&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=F.+K.+%28Frank+Key%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourteenmonthsin00inhowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States</i>. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Lincoln, Abraham (April 27, 1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarhome.com/Writ.htm">Letter to Winfield Scott</a>. Cited in (1989) <i>Lincoln: Speeches and Writings</i> 237. New York: <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>. (This is the letter in which Lincoln suspended habeas corpus.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaludan,_Phillip_S.1994" class="citation book cs1">Paludan, Phillip S. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidencyofabra00palu"><i>The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln</i></a>. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0671-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0671-8"><bdi>0-7006-0671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+Abraham+Lincoln&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7006-0671-8&rft.au=Paludan%2C+Phillip+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidencyofabra00palu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_John_Lossing" title="Benson John Lossing">Lossing, Benson John</a> (1866), <i>Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War</i>, 1997 reprint, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.</li> <li>McGinty, Brian (2011). <i>The Body of John Merryman</i>. Harvard University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fedbar.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/bookrev-apr12-pdf-1.pdf">Review of this book and of White, Jonathan W., below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Neely_Jr." title="Mark E. Neely Jr.">Neely, Mark E. Jr.</a> (2011). <i>Lincoln and the Triumph of the Nation: Constitutional Conflict in the American Civil War</i>. University of North Carolina Press.</li> <li>Poole, Patrick S. (1994). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720002037/http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/middleton/All_Indexes/documents/MerrymanbyPoole.pdf">An Examination of Ex Parte Merryman</a></i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRehnquist,_William_H.1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist, William H.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alllawsbutoneciv0000rehn"><i>All the Laws But One: Civil Liberties in Wartime</i></a>. New York: William Morrow & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-05142-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-05142-1"><bdi>0-688-05142-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Laws+But+One%3A+Civil+Liberties+in+Wartime&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-688-05142-1&rft.au=Rehnquist%2C+William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falllawsbutoneciv0000rehn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rehnquist, William H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040604072340/http://www.law.indiana.edu/ilj/v72/no4/rehnquis.html">"Civil Liberty and the Civil War: The Indianapolis Treason Trials"</a>.</li> <li>Taney, Roger B., Chief Justice (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/ows/seminarsflvs/ExParteMerryman.pdf"><i>Ex parte Merryman</i></a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite,_Jonathan_W.2011" class="citation book cs1">White, Jonathan W. (2011). <i>Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman</i>. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4346-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-4346-9"><bdi>978-0-8071-4346-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln+and+Treason+in+the+Civil+War%3A+The+Trials+of+John+Merryman&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-4346-9&rft.au=White%2C+Jonathan+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEx+parte+Merryman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_parte_Merryman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Merryman" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Ex parte Merryman">Ex parte Merryman</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/ex-parte-merryman/">Full text of Taney's opinion in the case</a> at TeachingAmericanHistory.org.</li> <li>Ragsdale, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/history/docs/merryman.pdf">"Ex parte Merryman and Debates on Civil Liberties During the Civil War"</a>, Federal Judicial Center (2007).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001500/001543/html/casepapers.html">"Ex Parte Merryman, original case papers borrowed from the Federal District Court"</a>, Maryland Archives.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Supreme_Court_Article_I_case_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a> case law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Enumeration_Clause_of_Section_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_3:_Apportionment_of_Representatives_and_taxes" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Enumeration Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_2:_House_of_Representatives" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Utah_v._Evans" title="Utah v. Evans">Utah v. Evans</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Commerce_v._New_York" title="Department of Commerce v. New York">Department of Commerce v. New York</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._New_York" title="Trump v. New York">Trump v. New York</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Qualifications_Clauses_of_Sections_II_and_III" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_2:_Qualifications_of_Members" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Qualifications Clauses of Sections II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_3:_Qualifications_of_senators" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">III</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Powell_v._McCormack" title="Powell v. McCormack">Powell v. McCormack</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Term_Limits,_Inc._v._Thornton" title="U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton">U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cook_v._Gralike" title="Cook v. Gralike">Cook v. Gralike</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Elections_Clause_of_Section_IV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_1:_Time,_place,_and_manner_of_holding" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Elections Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_4:_Congressional_elections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section IV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Siebold" title="Ex parte Siebold">Ex parte Siebold</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smiley_v._Holm" title="Smiley v. Holm">Smiley v. Holm</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Term_Limits,_Inc._v._Thornton" title="U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton">U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Legislature_v._Arizona_Independent_Redistricting_Commission" title="Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission">Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moore_v._Harper" title="Moore v. Harper">Moore v. Harper</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Speech_or_Debate_Clause_of_Section_VI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Speech or Debate Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_6:Compensation,_privileges,_and_restrictions_on_holding_civil_office" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kilbourn_v._Thompson" title="Kilbourn v. Thompson">Kilbourn v. Thompson</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Johnson_(1966)" title="United States v. Johnson (1966)">United States v. Johnson</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravel_v._United_States" title="Gravel v. United States">Gravel v. United States</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Origination_Clause_of_Section_VII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Origination_Clause" title="Origination Clause">Origination Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_7:_Bills" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flint_v._Stone_Tracy_Co." title="Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.">Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Munoz-Flores" title="United States v. Munoz-Flores">United States v. Munoz-Flores</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Presentment_Clause_of_Section_VII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presentment_Clause" title="Presentment Clause">Presentment Clause</a> of Section VII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Veto_Case" title="Pocket Veto Case">Pocket Veto Case</a> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_v._Chadha" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha">Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clinton_v._City_of_New_York" title="Clinton v. City of New York">Clinton v. City of New York</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxing_and_Spending_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing and Spending Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylton_v._United_States" title="Hylton v. United States">Hylton v. United States</a></i> (1796)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collector_v._Day" title="Collector v. Day">Collector v. Day</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Springer_v._United_States" title="Springer v. United States">Springer v. United States</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pollock_v._Farmers%27_Loan_%26_Trust_Co." title="Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.">Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brushaber_v._Union_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.">Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bailey_v._Drexel_Furniture_Co." title="Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.">Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Butler" title="United States v. Butler">United States v. Butler</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helvering_v._Davis" title="Helvering v. Davis">Helvering v. Davis</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Dole" title="South Dakota v. Dole">South Dakota v. Dole</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri v. United States (page does not exist)">Sabri v. United States</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Commerce_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">Dormant Commerce Clause</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Maryland" title="Brown v. Maryland">Brown v. Maryland</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willson_v._Black-Bird_Creek_Marsh_Co." title="Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.">Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens" title="Cooley v. Board of Wardens">Cooley v. Board of Wardens</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wabash,_St._Louis_%26_Pacific_Railway_Co._v._Illinois" title="Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois">Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swift_%26_Co._v._United_States" title="Swift & Co. v. United States">Swift & Co. v. United States</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_%26_Sons_Co._v._Malloy" title="George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy">George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_v._G.A.F._Seelig,_Inc." title="Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.">Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edwards_v._California" title="Edwards v. California">Edwards v. California</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Co._v._Arizona" title="Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona">Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dean_Milk_Co._v._City_of_Madison" title="Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison">Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_Bros._Co._v._Maryland" title="Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland">Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibb_v._Navajo_Freight_Lines,_Inc." title="Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.">Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Bellas_Hess_v._Illinois" title="National Bellas Hess v. Illinois">National Bellas Hess v. Illinois</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pike_v._Bruce_Church,_Inc." title="Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.">Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hughes_v._Alexandria_Scrap_Corp." title="Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.">Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Auto_Transit,_Inc._v._Brady" title="Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady">Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hunt_v._Washington_State_Apple_Advertising_Commission" title="Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission">Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Philadelphia_v._New_Jersey" title="City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey">City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Corp._v._Governor_of_Maryland" title="Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland">Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reeves,_Inc._v._Stake" title="Reeves, Inc. v. Stake">Reeves, Inc. v. Stake</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kassel_v._Consolidated_Freightways_Corp." title="Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.">Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sporhase_v._Nebraska_ex_rel._Douglas" title="Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas">Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_v._Mass._Council_of_Construction_Employers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers (page does not exist)">White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Timber_Development,_Inc._v._Wunnicke" title="South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke">South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maine_v._Taylor" title="Maine v. Taylor">Maine v. Taylor</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healy_v._Beer_Institute,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc. (page does not exist)">Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quill_Corp._v._North_Dakota" title="Quill Corp. v. North Dakota">Quill Corp. v. North Dakota</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Waste_Management,_Inc._v._Hunt" title="Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt">Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Waste_Systems,_Inc._v._Department_of_Environmental_Quality_of_Oregon" title="Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon">Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%26A_Carbone,_Inc._v._Town_of_Clarkstown" title="C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown">C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Lynn_Creamery,_Inc._v._Healy" title="West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy">West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Granholm_v._Heald" title="Granholm v. Heald">Granholm v. Heald</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Haulers_Ass%27n_v._Oneida-Herkimer_Solid_Waste_Management_Authority" title="United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority">United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_of_Kentucky_v._Davis" title="Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis">Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Treasury_of_Maryland_v._Wynne" title="Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne">Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Wayfair,_Inc." title="South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.">South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Wine_and_Spirits_Retailers_Assn._v._Thomas" title="Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas">Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Pork_Producers_Council_v._Ross" title="National Pork Producers Council v. Ross">National Pork Producers Council v. Ross</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibbons_v._Ogden" title="Gibbons v. Ogden">Gibbons v. Ogden</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passenger_Cases" title="Passenger Cases">Passenger Cases</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_v._Virginia" title="Paul v. Virginia">Paul v. Virginia</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Manufacturing_Co._v._Ferguson" title="Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson">Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kidd_v._Pearson" title="Kidd v. Pearson">Kidd v. Pearson</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_re_Debs" title="In re Debs">In re Debs</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._E._C._Knight_Co." title="United States v. E. C. Knight Co.">United States v. E. C. Knight Co.</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Champion_v._Ames" title="Champion v. Ames">Champion v. Ames</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_Co._v._United_States" title="Southern Railway Co. v. United States">Southern Railway Co. v. United States</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoke_v._United_States" title="Hoke v. United States">Hoke v. United States</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_East_%26_West_Texas_Railway_Co._v._United_States" title="Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States">Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_v._Dagenhart" title="Hammer v. Dagenhart">Hammer v. Dagenhart</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade_of_City_of_Chicago_v._Olsen" title="Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen">Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States" title="A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States">A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gold_Clause_Cases" title="Gold Clause Cases">Gold Clause Cases</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan" title="Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan">Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carter_v._Carter_Coal_Co." title="Carter v. Carter Coal Co.">Carter v. Carter Coal Co.</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NLRB_v._Jones_%26_Laughlin_Steel_Corp." title="NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.">NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Co." title="United States v. Carolene Products Co.">United States v. Carolene Products Co.</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McGoldrick_v._Berwind-White_Coal_Mining_Co." title="McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.">McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Darby_Lumber_Co." title="United States v. Darby Lumber Co.">United States v. Darby Lumber Co.</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wrightwood_Dairy_Co." title="United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.">United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._South-Eastern_Underwriters_Ass%27n" title="United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n">United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_American_Co._v._SEC" title="North American Co. v. SEC">North American Co. v. SEC</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H.P._Hood_%26_Sons_v._Du_Mond" title="H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond">H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henderson_v._United_States_(1950)" title="Henderson v. United States (1950)">Henderson v. United States</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canton_Railroad_Co._v._Rogan" title="Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan">Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_v._Virginia" title="Boynton v. Virginia">Boynton v. Virginia</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Atlanta_Motel,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States">Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katzenbach_v._McClung" title="Katzenbach v. McClung">Katzenbach v. McClung</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_v._Wirtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland v. Wirtz (page does not exist)">Maryland v. Wirtz</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Cities_v._Usery" title="National League of Cities v. Usery">National League of Cities v. Usery</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodel_v._Virginia_Surface_Mining_%26_Reclamation_Association,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc. (page does not exist)">Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Edison_Co._v._Montana" title="Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana">Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EEOC_v._Wyoming" title="EEOC v. Wyoming">EEOC v. Wyoming</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._San_Antonio_Metropolitan_Transit_Authority" title="Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority">Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_v._United_States" title="New York v. United States">New York v. United States</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">United States v. Lopez</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Tribe_of_Florida_v._Florida" title="Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida">Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reno_v._Condon" title="Reno v. Condon">Reno v. Condon</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Locke" title="United States v. Locke">United States v. Locke</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_v._United_States_(2000)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones v. United States (2000) (page does not exist)">Jones v. United States</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Morrison" title="United States v. Morrison">United States v. Morrison</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taylor_v._United_States_(2016)" title="Taylor v. United States (2016)">Taylor v. United States</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Coinage_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Enumerated_powers" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Coinage Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legal_Tender_Cases" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Knox_v._Lee" title="Knox v. Lee">Knox v. Lee</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_v._Greenman" title="Juilliard v. Greenman">Juilliard v. Greenman</a></i> (1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Copyright_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790" title="Copyright Act of 1790">Copyright Act of 1790</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_v._Peters" title="Wheaton v. Peters">Wheaton v. Peters</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paige_v._Banks" title="Paige v. Banks">Paige v. Banks</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globe_Newspaper_Co._v._Walker" title="Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker">Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker</a></i> (1908)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_patent_law#Patent_Act_of_1793" title="History of United States patent law">Patent Act of 1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyler_v._Tuel" title="Tyler v. Tuel">Tyler v. Tuel</a></i> (1810)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Eaton_(1818)" title="Evans v. Eaton (1818)">Evans v. Eaton</a></i> (1818)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Eaton_(1822)" title="Evans v. Eaton (1822)">Evans v. Eaton</a></i> (1822)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Hettich" title="Evans v. Hettich">Evans v. Hettich</a></i> (1822)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement_under_United_States_law" title="Patent infringement under United States law">Patent infringement</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Evans_v._Jordan" title="Evans v. Jordan">Evans v. Jordan</a></i> (1815)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hollister_v._Benedict_%26_Burnham_Manufacturing_Co." title="Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.">Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rowell_v._Lindsay" title="Rowell v. Lindsay">Rowell v. Lindsay</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schillinger_v._United_States" title="Schillinger v. United States">Schillinger v. United States</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bauer_%26_Cie._v._O%27Donnell" title="Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell">Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Talking_Pictures_Corp._v._Western_Electric_Co." title="General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.">General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.</a></i> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patentability" title="Patentability">Patentability</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pennock_v._Dialogue" title="Pennock v. Dialogue">Pennock v. Dialogue</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_v._Greenwood" title="Hotchkiss v. Greenwood">Hotchkiss v. Greenwood</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_v._Morse" title="O'Reilly v. Morse">O'Reilly v. Morse</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cochrane_v._Deener" title="Cochrane v. Deener">Cochrane v. Deener</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Elizabeth_v._American_Nicholson_Pavement_Co." title="City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.">City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egbert_v._Lippmann" title="Egbert v. Lippmann">Egbert v. Lippmann</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Safety-Valve_Co._v._Crosby_Steam_Gauge_%26_Valve_Co." title="Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.">Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voss_v._Fisher" title="Voss v. Fisher">Voss v. Fisher</a></i> (1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1831" title="Copyright Act of 1831">Copyright Act of 1831</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_v._Peters" title="Wheaton v. Peters">Wheaton v. Peters</a></i> (1834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backus_v._Gould" title="Backus v. Gould">Backus v. Gould</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephens_v._Cady" title="Stephens v. Cady">Stephens v. Cady</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stevens_v._Gladding" title="Stevens v. Gladding">Stevens v. Gladding</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_v._Hall" title="Little v. Hall">Little v. Hall</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paige_v._Banks" title="Paige v. Banks">Paige v. Banks</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baker_v._Selden" title="Baker v. Selden">Baker v. Selden</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_v._Myers" title="Callaghan v. Myers">Callaghan v. Myers</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Higgins_v._Keuffel" title="Higgins v. Keuffel">Higgins v. Keuffel</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_v._Hurst" title="Holmes v. Hurst">Holmes v. Hurst</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brady_v._Daly" title="Brady v. Daly">Brady v. Daly</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolles_v._Outing_Co." title="Bolles v. Outing Co.">Bolles v. Outing Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mifflin_v._R._H._White_Company" title="Mifflin v. R. H. White Company">Mifflin v. R. H. White Company</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mifflin_v._Dutton" title="Mifflin v. Dutton">Mifflin v. Dutton</a></i> (1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1870" title="Copyright Act of 1870">Copyright Act of 1870</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Perris_v._Hexamer" title="Perris v. Hexamer">Perris v. Hexamer</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trade-Mark_Cases" title="Trade-Mark Cases">Trade-Mark Cases</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merrell_v._Tice" title="Merrell v. Tice">Merrell v. Tice</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schreiber_v._Sharpless" title="Schreiber v. Sharpless">Schreiber v. Sharpless</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burrow-Giles_Lithographic_Co._v._Sarony" title="Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony">Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thornton_v._Schreiber" title="Thornton v. Schreiber">Thornton v. Schreiber</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Banks_v._Manchester" title="Banks v. Manchester">Banks v. Manchester</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaghan_v._Myers" title="Callaghan v. Myers">Callaghan v. Myers</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thompson_v._Hubbard" title="Thompson v. Hubbard">Thompson v. Hubbard</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Higgins_v._Keuffel" title="Higgins v. Keuffel">Higgins v. Keuffel</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belford_v._Scribner" title="Belford v. Scribner">Belford v. Scribner</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brady_v._Daly" title="Brady v. Daly">Brady v. Daly</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolles_v._Outing_Co." title="Bolles v. Outing Co.">Bolles v. Outing Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bleistein_v._Donaldson_Lithographing_Co." title="Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.">Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLoughlin_v._Raphael_Tuck_%26_Sons_Co." title="McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.">McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Co._v._Werckmeister" title="American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister">American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Werckmeister_v._American_Tobacco_Co." title="Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.">Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Dictionary_Co._v._G._%26_C._Merriam_Co." title="United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.">United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_Co._v._Apollo_Co." title="White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.">White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dun_v._Lumbermen%27s_Credit_Ass%27n" title="Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n">Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Co._v._Straus" title="Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus">Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scribner_v._Straus" title="Scribner v. Straus">Scribner v. Straus</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bong_v._Campbell_Art_Co." title="Bong v. Campbell Art Co.">Bong v. Campbell Art Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_v._A.B._Dick_Co." title="Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.">Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Straus_v._American_Publishers_Association" title="Straus v. American Publishers Association">Straus v. American Publishers Association</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Circuit,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States">Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Originators%27_Guild_of_America_v._FTC" title="Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC">Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Paramount_Pictures,_Inc." title="United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.">United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc._v._CBS_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.">Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.</a></i> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Copyright_Act_of_1891" title="International Copyright Act of 1891">International Copyright Act of 1891</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Press_Pub._Co._v._Monroe" title="Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe">Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLoughlin_v._Raphael_Tuck_%26_Sons_Co." title="McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.">McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Co._v._Werckmeister" title="American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister">American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White-Smith_Music_Publishing_Co._v._Apollo_Co." title="White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.">White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globe_Newspaper_Co._v._Walker" title="Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker">Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bong_v._Campbell_Art_Co." title="Bong v. Campbell Art Co.">Bong v. Campbell Art Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliga_v._Inter_Ocean_Newspaper_Co." title="Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.">Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hills_and_Co._v._Hoover" title="Hills and Co. v. Hoover">Hills and Co. v. Hoover</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalem_Co._v._Harper_Bros." title="Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.">Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.</a></i> (1911)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1909" title="Copyright Act of 1909">Copyright Act of 1909</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hills_and_Co._v._Hoover" title="Hills and Co. v. Hoover">Hills and Co. v. Hoover</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DeJonge_and_Co._v._Breuker_%26_Kessler_Co." title="DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.">DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herbert_v._Shanley_Co." title="Herbert v. Shanley Co.">Herbert v. Shanley Co.</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manners_v._Morosco" title="Manners v. Morosco">Manners v. Morosco</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corp._v._Knowles" title="Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles">Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_v._Jewell-LaSalle_Realty_Co." title="Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.">Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douglas_v._Cunningham" title="Douglas v. Cunningham">Douglas v. Cunningham</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_Pub._Co._v._Pearson" title="Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson">Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_v._Metro-Goldwyn_Pictures_Corp." title="Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.">Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fred_Fisher_Music_Co._v._M._Witmark_%26_Sons" title="Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons">Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F._W._Woolworth_Co._v._Contemporary_Arts,_Inc." title="F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.">F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazer_v._Stein" title="Mazer v. Stein">Mazer v. Stein</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Sylva_v._Ballentine" title="De Sylva v. Ballentine">De Sylva v. Ballentine</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co._v._Stiffel_Co." title="Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.">Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_%26_Wilkins_Co._v._United_States" title="Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States">Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States</a></i> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patent_misuse" title="Patent misuse">Patent misuse</a> case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Patents_Co._v._Universal_Film_Manufacturing_Co." title="Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.">Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morton_Salt_Co._v._G.S._Suppiger_Co." title="Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.">Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.</a></i> (1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Antitrust_Act_of_1914" title="Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914">Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Originators%27_Guild_of_America_v._FTC" title="Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC">Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dowling_v._United_States_(1985)" title="Dowling v. United States (1985)">Dowling v. United States</a></i> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanham_Act" title="Lanham Act">Lanham Act</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Laboratories,_Inc._v._Ives_Laboratories,_Inc." title="Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.">Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Arts_%26_Athletics,_Inc._v._United_States_Olympic_Committee" title="San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee">San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Pesos,_Inc._v._Taco_Cabana,_Inc." title="Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.">Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qualitex_Co._v._Jacobson_Products_Co." title="Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.">Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/College_Savings_Bank_v._Florida_Prepaid_Postsecondary_Education_Expense_Board" title="College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board">College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Industries,_Inc._v._Leatherman_Tool_Group,_Inc." title="Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.">Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TrafFix_Devices,_Inc._v._Marketing_Displays,_Inc." title="TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.">TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dastar_Corp._v._Twentieth_Century_Fox_Film_Corp." title="Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.">Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moseley_v._V_Secret_Catalogue,_Inc." title="Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.">Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexmark_International,_Inc._v._Static_Control_Components,_Inc.#Scope_of_federal_statutory_torts:_2014_ruling_at_the_Supreme_Court" title="Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.">Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/POM_Wonderful_LLC_v._Coca-Cola_Co." title="POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.">POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matal_v._Tam" title="Matal v. Tam">Matal v. Tam</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iancu_v._Brunetti" title="Iancu v. Brunetti">Iancu v. Brunetti</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romag_Fasteners,_Inc._v._Fossil,_Inc." title="Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.">Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1976" title="Copyright Act of 1976">Copyright Act of 1976</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zacchini_v._Scripps-Howard_Broadcasting_Co." title="Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.">Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc." title="Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.">Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mills_Music,_Inc._v._Snyder" title="Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder">Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row_v._Nation_Enterprises" title="Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises">Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Creative_Non-Violence_v._Reid" title="Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid">Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stewart_v._Abend" title="Stewart v. Abend">Stewart v. Abend</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feist_Publications,_Inc.,_v._Rural_Telephone_Service_Co." title="Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.">Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fogerty_v._Fantasy,_Inc." title="Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.">Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campbell_v._Acuff-Rose_Music,_Inc." title="Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.">Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Dev._Corp._v._Borland_Int%27l,_Inc." title="Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.">Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quality_King_Distributors_Inc.,_v._L%27anza_Research_International_Inc." title="Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.">Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feltner_v._Columbia_Pictures_Television,_Inc." title="Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.">Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Tasini" title="New York Times Co. v. Tasini">New York Times Co. v. Tasini</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MGM_Studios,_Inc._v._Grokster,_Ltd." title="MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.">MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reed_Elsevier,_Inc._v._Muchnick" title="Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick">Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golan_v._Holder" title="Golan v. Holder">Golan v. Holder</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kirtsaeng_v._John_Wiley_%26_Sons,_Inc." title="Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.">Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petrella_v._Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer,_Inc." title="Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.">Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Cos.,_Inc._v._Aereo,_Inc." title="American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.">American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Athletica,_LLC_v._Varsity_Brands,_Inc." title="Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.">Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate_Public_Benefit_Corp._v._Wall-Street.com" title="Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com">Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rimini_Street_Inc._v._Oracle_USA_Inc." title="Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.">Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Remedy_Clarification_Act" title="Copyright Remedy Clarification Act">Allen v. Cooper</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_v._Public.Resource.Org,_Inc." title="Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.">Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_copyright_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law">copyright cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Lithographic_Co._v._Werkmeister" title="American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister">American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferris_v._Frohman" title="Ferris v. Frohman">Ferris v. Frohman</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict_of_New_Jersey_v._Steinhauser" title="Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser">Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_News_Service_v._Associated_Press" title="International News Service v. Associated Press">International News Service v. Associated Press</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L._A._Westermann_Co._v._Dispatch_Printing_Co." title="L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.">L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumiere_v._Mae_Edna_Wilder,_Inc." title="Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.">Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Educational_Films_Corp._v._Ward" title="Educational Films Corp. v. Ward">Educational Films Corp. v. Ward</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corp._v._Doyal" title="Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal">Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_v._Victor_Talking_Machine_Co." title="George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.">George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KVOS_v._Associated_Press" title="KVOS v. Associated Press">KVOS v. Associated Press</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_v._Buck" title="Gibbs v. Buck">Gibbs v. Buck</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buck_v._Gallagher" title="Buck v. Gallagher">Buck v. Gallagher</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_v._Wodehouse" title="Commissioner v. Wodehouse">Commissioner v. Wodehouse</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_Music_Corp._v._Charles_N._Daniels,_Inc." title="Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.">Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pub._Affairs_Associates,_Inc._v._Rickover" title="Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover">Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortnightly_Corp._v._United_Artists_Television,_Inc." title="Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.">Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldstein_v._California" title="Goldstein v. California">Goldstein v. California</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teleprompter_Corp._v._Columbia_Broadcasting" title="Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting">Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Music_Corp._v._Aiken" title="Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken">Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken</a></i> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_patent_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court patent case law">patent cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Paper_Bag_Co._v._Eastern_Paper_Bag_Co." title="Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.">Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.</a></i> (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Separation,_Ltd._v._Hyde" title="Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde">Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._General_Electric_Co." title="United States v. General Electric Co.">United States v. General Electric Co.</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Univis_Lens_Co." title="United States v. Univis Lens Co.">United States v. Univis Lens Co.</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altvater_v._Freeman" title="Altvater v. Freeman">Altvater v. Freeman</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_%26_Carroll_Co._v._Interchemical_Corp." title="Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.">Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funk_Bros._Seed_Co._v._Kalo_Inoculant_Co." title="Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.">Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Atlantic_%26_Pacific_Tea_Co._v._Supermarket_Equipment_Corp." title="Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.">Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graver_Tank_%26_Manufacturing_Co._v._Linde_Air_Products_Co." title="Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.">Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aro_Manufacturing_Co._v._Convertible_Top_Replacement_Co." title="Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.">Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compco_Corp._v._Day-Brite_Lighting,_Inc." title="Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.">Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilbur-Ellis_Co._v._Kuther" title="Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther">Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brulotte_v._Thys_Co." title="Brulotte v. Thys Co.">Brulotte v. Thys Co.</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walker_Process_Equipment,_Inc._v._Food_Machinery_%26_Chemical_Corp." title="Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.">Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graham_v._John_Deere_Co." title="Graham v. John Deere Co.">Graham v. John Deere Co.</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Adams" title="United States v. Adams">United States v. Adams</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brenner_v._Manson" title="Brenner v. Manson">Brenner v. Manson</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lear,_Inc._v._Adkins" title="Lear, Inc. v. Adkins">Lear, Inc. v. Adkins</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anderson%27s-Black_Rock,_Inc._v._Pavement_Salvage_Co." title="Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.">Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Radio_Corp._v._Hazeltine_Research,_Inc." title="Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.">Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gottschalk_v._Benson" title="Gottschalk v. Benson">Gottschalk v. Benson</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Glaxo_Group_Ltd." title="United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.">United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dann_v._Johnston" title="Dann v. Johnston">Dann v. Johnston</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakraida_v._Ag_Pro_Inc." title="Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.">Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker_v._Flook" title="Parker v. Flook">Parker v. Flook</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_v._Chakrabarty" title="Diamond v. Chakrabarty">Diamond v. Chakrabarty</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_v._Diehr" title="Diamond v. Diehr">Diamond v. Diehr</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonito_Boats,_Inc._v._Thunder_Craft_Boats,_Inc." title="Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.">Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_%26_Co._v._Medtronic,_Inc." title="Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.">Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markman_v._Westview_Instruments,_Inc." title="Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.">Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warner-Jenkinson_Co._v._Hilton_Davis_Chemical_Co." title="Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.">Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pfaff_v._Wells_Electronics,_Inc." title="Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.">Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_v._Zurko" title="Dickinson v. Zurko">Dickinson v. Zurko</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_Prepaid_Postsecondary_Education_Expense_Board_v._College_Savings_Bank" title="Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank">Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._E._M._Ag_Supply,_Inc._v._Pioneer_Hi-Bred_International,_Inc." title="J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.">J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festo_Corp._v._Shoketsu_Kinzoku_Kogyo_Kabushiki_Co." title="Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.">Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merck_KGaA_v._Integra_Lifesciences_I,_Ltd." title="Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.">Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EBay_Inc._v._MercExchange,_L.L.C." title="EBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.">eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Tool_Works_Inc._v._Independent_Ink,_Inc." title="Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.">Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LabCorp_v._Metabolite,_Inc." title="LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.">LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MedImmune,_Inc._v._Genentech,_Inc." title="MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.">MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KSR_International_Co._v._Teleflex_Inc." title="KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.">KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._AT%26T_Corp." title="Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.">Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quanta_Computer,_Inc._v._LG_Electronics,_Inc." title="Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.">Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilski_v._Kappos" title="Bilski v. Kappos">Bilski v. Kappos</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Global-Tech_Appliances,_Inc._v._SEB_S.A." title="Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.">Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_v._Roche_Molecular_Systems,_Inc." title="Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.">Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._i4i_Ltd._Partnership" title="Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership">Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Collaborative_Services_v._Prometheus_Laboratories,_Inc." title="Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.">Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kappos_v._Hyatt" title="Kappos v. Hyatt">Kappos v. Hyatt</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bowman_v._Monsanto_Co." title="Bowman v. Monsanto Co.">Bowman v. Monsanto Co.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunn_v._Minton" title="Gunn v. Minton">Gunn v. Minton</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Molecular_Pathology_v._Myriad_Genetics,_Inc." title="Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.">Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Actavis,_Inc." title="FTC v. Actavis, Inc.">FTC v. Actavis, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Corp._v._CLS_Bank_International" title="Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International">Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Techs.,_Inc._v._Limelight_Networks,_Inc.#Supreme_Court" title="Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.">Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceuticals_USA,_Inc._v._Sandoz,_Inc." title="Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.">Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kimble_v._Marvel_Entertainment,_LLC" title="Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC">Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._v._Samsung_Electronics_Co." title="Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.">Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TC_Heartland_LLC_v._Kraft_Foods_Group_Brands_LLC" title="TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC">TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_v._NantKwest,_Inc." title="Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.">Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_trademark_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court trademark case law">trademark cases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/G._%26_C._Merriam_Co._v._Syndicate_Pub._Co." title="G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.">G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Co._v._National_Biscuit_Co." title="Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.">Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patent_and_Trademark_Office_v._Booking.com_B._V." title="Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.">Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Necessary_and_Proper_Clause_of_Section_VIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">Necessary and Proper Clause</a> of Section VIII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lambert_v._Yellowley" title="Lambert v. Yellowley">Lambert v. Yellowley</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabri_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabri v. United States (page does not exist)">Sabri v. United States</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Comstock" title="United States v. Comstock">United States v. Comstock</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Kebodeaux" title="United States v. Kebodeaux">United States v. Kebodeaux</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Habeas_corpus_Suspension_Clause_of_Section_IX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clauses_2_and_3:_Civil_and_legal_protections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution"><i>Habeas corpus</i> Suspension Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Federal_power" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section IX</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Bollman" title="Ex parte Bollman">Ex parte Bollman</a></i> (1807)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ex parte Merryman</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Endo" title="Ex parte Endo">Ex parte Endo</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_v._St._Cyr" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr">Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boumediene_v._Bush" title="Boumediene v. Bush">Boumediene v. Bush</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_v._Thuraissigiam" title="Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam">Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="No_Bills_of_Attainder_or_Ex_post_facto_Laws_Clause_of_Section_IX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clauses_2_and_3:_Civil_and_legal_protections" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">No Bills of Attainder or <i>Ex post facto</i> Laws Clause</a> of Section IX</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calder_v._Bull" title="Calder v. Bull">Calder v. Bull</a></i> (1798)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturges_v._Crowninshield" title="Sturges v. Crowninshield">Sturges v. Crowninshield</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Garland" title="Ex parte Garland">Ex parte Garland</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawker_v._New_York" title="Hawker v. New York">Hawker v. New York</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuels_v._McCurdy" title="Samuels v. McCurdy">Samuels v. McCurdy</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garner_v._Board_of_Public_Works" title="Garner v. Board of Public Works">Garner v. Board of Public Works</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Veau_v._Braisted" title="De Veau v. Braisted">De Veau v. Braisted</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barr_v._City_of_Columbia" title="Barr v. City of Columbia">Barr v. City of Columbia</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teague_v._Lane" title="Teague v. Lane">Teague v. Lane</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_v._Hendricks" title="Kansas v. Hendricks">Kansas v. Hendricks</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_v._Doe" title="Smith v. Doe">Smith v. Doe</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Contract_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section X</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a></i> (1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_v._Peck" title="Fletcher v. Peck">Fletcher v. Peck</a></i> (1810)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College_v._Woodward" title="Dartmouth College v. Woodward">Dartmouth College v. Woodward</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturges_v._Crowninshield" title="Sturges v. Crowninshield">Sturges v. Crowninshield</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ogden_v._Saunders" title="Ogden v. Saunders">Ogden v. Saunders</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Bridge_v._Warren_Bridge" title="Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronson_v._Kinzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronson v. Kinzie (page does not exist)">Bronson v. Kinzie</a></i> (1843)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stone_v._Mississippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stone v. Mississippi (page does not exist)">Stone v. Mississippi</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smyth_v._Ames" title="Smyth v. Ames">Smyth v. Ames</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Block_v._Hirsh" title="Block v. Hirsh">Block v. Hirsh</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Building_%26_Loan_Ass%27n_v._Blaisdell" title="Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell">Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=W.B._Worthen_Co._v._Kavanaugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh (page does not exist)">W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_of_El_Paso_v._Simmons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of El Paso v. Simmons (page does not exist)">City of El Paso v. Simmons</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Trust_Co._of_N.Y._v._New_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey (page does not exist)">U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allied_Structural_Steel_Co._v._Spannaus" title="Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus">Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_Reserves_Group_v._Kansas_P._%26_L._Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co. (page does not exist)">Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exxon_Corp._v._Eagerton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton (page does not exist)">Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass%27n_v._DeBenedictis" title="Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis">Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sveen_v._Melin" title="Sveen v. Melin">Sveen v. Melin</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Import-Export_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Import-Export_Clause" title="Import-Export Clause">Import-Export Clause</a> of Section X</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Maryland" title="Brown v. Maryland">Brown v. Maryland</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canton_Railroad_Co._v._Rogan" title="Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan">Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan</a></i> (1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Compact_Clause_of_Section_X" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Clause_3:_Compact_Clause" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Compact Clause</a> of Section X</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_v._Georgia_(1855)" title="Florida v. Georgia (1855)">Florida v. Georgia</a></i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._West_Virginia" title="Virginia v. West Virginia">Virginia v. West Virginia</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._Tennessee" title="Virginia v. Tennessee">Virginia v. Tennessee</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wharton_v._Wise" title="Wharton v. Wise">Wharton v. Wise</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_England#Formation_and_interstate_growth" title="Bank of New England">Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_v._New_York" title="New Jersey v. New York">New Jersey v. New York</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._Maryland" title="Virginia v. Maryland">Virginia v. Maryland</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polar_Tankers,_Inc._v._City_of_Valdez" title="Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez">Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._New_Mexico_and_Colorado" title="Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado">Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maryland_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template:Maryland in the Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maryland_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Maryland in the Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland_in_the_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland in the Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Campaign">Maryland Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boonsboro" title="Battle of Boonsboro">Boonsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crampton%27s_Gap" title="Battle of Crampton's Gap">Crampton's Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Folck%27s_Mill" title="Battle of Folck's Mill">Folck's Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Funkstown" title="Battle of Funkstown">Funkstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hancock" title="Battle of Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monocacy" title="Battle of Monocacy">Monocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mountain" title="Battle of South Mountain">South Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Williamsport" title="Battle of Williamsport">Williamsport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Riot_of_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Riot of 1861">Baltimore Riot of 1861</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ex parte Merryman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Order_191" title="Special Order 191">Special Order 191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution_of_1864" title="Maryland Constitution of 1864">Maryland Constitution of 1864</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">"Maryland, My Maryland"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Station" title="President Street Station">Baltimore Civil War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Civil_War_Medicine" title="National Museum of Civil War Medicine">National Museum of Civil War Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Street_Station" title="President Street Station">President Street Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surratt_House_Museum" title="Surratt House Museum">Surratt House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constellation_(1854)" title="USS Constellation (1854)">USS <i>Constellation</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maryland_Union_Civil_War_units" title="List of Maryland Union Civil War units">Union regiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maryland_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units">Confederate regiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:People of Maryland in the American Civil War">Soldiers and civilians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antietam_National_Battlefield" title="Antietam National Battlefield">Antietam Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnside%27s_Bridge" title="Burnside's Bridge">Burnside's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Marshall" title="Fort Marshall">Fort Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_the_Civil_War_Heritage_Area" title="Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area">Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudon_Park_Cemetery" title="Loudon Park Cemetery">Loudon Park Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocacy_National_Battlefield" title="Monocacy National Battlefield">Monocacy Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Lookout_State_Park" title="Point Lookout State Park">Point Lookout State Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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