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17.9125 8.46625C18.6138 9.23625 19.04 10.2125 19.04 11.4225C19.04 15.6437 16.4688 16.5787 14.0213 16.8537C14.42 17.1975 14.7638 17.8575 14.7638 18.8887C14.7638 20.36 14.75 21.5425 14.75 21.9137C14.75 22.2025 14.9563 22.5462 15.5063 22.4362C19.8513 20.9787 23 16.8537 23 12C23 5.9225 18.0775 1 12 1Z"></path> </svg> </a> <div class="flex-1 flex-order-2 text-right"> <a href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flinebender%2Fvello" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-button d-inline-flex d-lg-none flex-order-1 f5 no-underline border color-border-default rounded-2 px-2 py-1 color-fg-inherit js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/linebender/vello","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="321f08372f855b762e61cb556f33db0139fb5b67a57375b6da2c18ca78806ccd" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to Sign in","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down 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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copilot color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M23.922 16.992c-.861 1.495-5.859 5.023-11.922 5.023-6.063 0-11.061-3.528-11.922-5.023A.641.641 0 0 1 0 16.736v-2.869a.841.841 0 0 1 .053-.22c.372-.935 1.347-2.292 2.605-2.656.167-.429.414-1.055.644-1.517a10.195 10.195 0 0 1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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</a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any 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0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 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1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Discussions</div> Collaborate outside of code </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_search","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_search_link_product_navbar"}" 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12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 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Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul 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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"trending","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"trending_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/trending"> Trending </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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</div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button 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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" 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class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-vello\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Vello\" href=\"#vello\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA GPU compute-centric 2D renderer\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://xi.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/197075-vello\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/636d1c361bd2db24db283cd92e6331d5b43f46a780d81412f00c75c5b007dd96/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f4c696e6562656e6465722d25323376656c6c6f2d626c75653f6c6f676f3d5a756c6970\" alt=\"Linebender Zulip\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/Linebender-%23vello-blue?logo=Zulip\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://deps.rs/repo/github/linebender/vello\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4edb29b4cfde888b6c290a1fb887de344d6a49d9ce8616e5718ea5f59a4449bb/68747470733a2f2f646570732e72732f7265706f2f6769746875622f6c696e6562656e6465722f76656c6c6f2f7374617475732e737667\" alt=\"dependency status\" data-canonical-src=\"https://deps.rs/repo/github/linebender/vello/status.svg\" 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100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello is a 2D graphics rendering engine written in Rust, with a focus on GPU compute.\nIt can draw large 2D scenes with interactive or near-interactive performance, using \u003ca href=\"https://wgpu.rs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewgpu\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e for GPU access.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eQuickstart to run an example program:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"cargo run -p with_winit\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003ecargo run -p with_winit\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/8573618/307825294-cc2b742e-2135-4b70-8051-c49aeddb5d19.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.NK6v5tIzw_nzGoDYP9BwqUZMd7rnj_UWXRDG_Et_0Iw\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/8573618/307825294-cc2b742e-2135-4b70-8051-c49aeddb5d19.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.NK6v5tIzw_nzGoDYP9BwqUZMd7rnj_UWXRDG_Et_0Iw\" alt=\"image\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is used as the rendering backend for \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/xilem/\"\u003eXilem\u003c/a\u003e, a Rust GUI toolkit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-warning\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-alert mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eWarning\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello can currently be considered in an alpha state. In particular, we're still working on the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/476\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/linebender/vello/issues/476/hovercard\"\u003eImplementing blur and filter effects\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/49\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/linebender/vello/issues/49/hovercard\"\u003eConflations artifacts\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/366\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/linebender/vello/issues/366/hovercard\"\u003eGPU memory allocation strategy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/204\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/linebender/vello/issues/204/hovercard\"\u003eGlyph caching\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSignificant changes are documented in \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/CHANGELOG.md\"\u003ethe changelog\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMotivation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-motivation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Motivation\" href=\"#motivation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello is meant to fill the same place in the graphics stack as other vector graphics renderers like \u003ca href=\"https://skia.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSkia\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cairographics.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCairo\u003c/a\u003e, and its predecessor project \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/piet\"\u003ePiet\u003c/a\u003e.\nOn a basic level, that means it provides tools to render shapes, images, gradients, text, etc, using a PostScript-inspired API, the same that powers SVG files and \u003ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethe browser \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;canvas\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e element\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello's selling point is that it gets better performance than other renderers by better leveraging the GPU.\nIn traditional PostScript-style renderers, some steps of the render process like sorting and clipping either need to be handled in the CPU or done through the use of intermediary textures.\nVello avoids this by using prefix-sum algorithms to parallelize work that usually needs to happen in sequence, so that work can be offloaded to the GPU with minimal use of temporary buffers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis means that Vello needs a GPU with support for compute shaders to run.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGetting started\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-getting-started\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Getting started\" href=\"#getting-started\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello is meant to be integrated deep in UI render stacks.\nWhile drawing in a Vello scene is easy, actually rendering that scene to a surface requires setting up a wgpu context, which is a non-trivial task.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use Vello as the renderer for your PDF reader / GUI toolkit / etc, your code will have to look roughly like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"use vello::{\n kurbo::{Affine, Circle},\n peniko::{Color, Fill},\n *,\n};\n\n// Initialize wgpu and get handles\nlet (width, height) = ...;\nlet device: wgpu::Device = ...;\nlet queue: wgpu::Queue = ...;\nlet mut renderer = Renderer::new(\n \u0026amp;device,\n RendererOptions {\n use_cpu: false,\n antialiasing_support: vello::AaSupport::all(),\n num_init_threads: NonZeroUsize::new(1),\n },\n).expect(\u0026quot;Failed to create renderer\u0026quot;);\n// Create scene and draw stuff in it\nlet mut scene = vello::Scene::new();\nscene.fill(\n vello::peniko::Fill::NonZero,\n vello::Affine::IDENTITY,\n vello::Color::from_rgb8(242, 140, 168),\n None,\n \u0026amp;vello::Circle::new((420.0, 200.0), 120.0),\n);\n// Draw more stuff\nscene.push_layer(...);\nscene.fill(...);\nscene.stroke(...);\nscene.pop_layer(...);\nlet texture = device.create_texture(\u0026amp;...);\n\n// Render to a wgpu Texture\nrenderer\n .render_to_texture(\n \u0026amp;device,\n \u0026amp;queue,\n \u0026amp;scene,\n \u0026amp;texture,\n \u0026amp;vello::RenderParams {\n base_color: palette::css::BLACK, // Background color\n width,\n height,\n antialiasing_method: AaConfig::Msaa16,\n },\n )\n .expect(\u0026quot;Failed to render to a texture\u0026quot;);\n// Do things with `texture`, such as blitting it to the Surface using\n// wgpu::util::TextureBlitter\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n kurbo\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eAffine\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCircle\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n peniko\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eColor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eFill\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Initialize wgpu and get handles\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003ewidth\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e height\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e = ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e device\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e wgpu\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eDevice\u003c/span\u003e = ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e queue\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e wgpu\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eQueue\u003c/span\u003e = ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e renderer = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eRenderer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003edevice\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eRendererOptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003euse_cpu\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eantialiasing_support\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eAaSupport\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eall\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enum_init_threads\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eNonZeroUsize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eexpect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Failed to create renderer\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Create scene and draw stuff in it\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e scene = vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eScene\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\nscene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efill\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003epeniko\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eFill\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eNonZero\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eAffine\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eIDENTITY\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n vello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eColor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efrom_rgb8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e242\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e140\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e168\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003evello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eCircle\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e420.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e200.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e120.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Draw more stuff\u003c/span\u003e\nscene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003epush_layer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\nscene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efill\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\nscene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estroke\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\nscene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003epop_layer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e texture = device\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecreate_texture\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Render to a wgpu Texture\u003c/span\u003e\nrenderer\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erender_to_texture\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003edevice\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003equeue\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003escene\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003etexture\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003evello\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eRenderParams\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebase_color\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e palette\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ecss\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eBLACK\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Background color\u003c/span\u003e\n width\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n height\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eantialiasing_method\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eAaConfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMsaa16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eexpect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Failed to render to a texture\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Do things with `texture`, such as blitting it to the Surface using\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// wgpu::util::TextureBlitter\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexamples\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e directory for code that integrates with frameworks like winit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePerformance\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-performance\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Performance\" href=\"#performance\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe've observed 177 fps for the paris-30k test scene on an M1 Max, at a resolution of 1600 pixels square, which is excellent performance and represents something of a best case for the engine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMore formal benchmarks are on their way.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIntegrations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-integrations\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Integrations\" href=\"#integrations\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSVG\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-svg\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: SVG\" href=\"#svg\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA separate Linebender integration for rendering SVG files is available through \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello_svg\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evello_svg\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLottie\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-lottie\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Lottie\" href=\"#lottie\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA separate Linebender integration for playing Lottie animations is available through \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/velato\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evelato\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBevy\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-bevy\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Bevy\" href=\"#bevy\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA separate Linebender integration for rendering raw scenes or Lottie and SVG files in \u003ca href=\"https://bevyengine.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBevy\u003c/a\u003e through \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/bevy_vello\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebevy_vello\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur examples are provided in separate packages in the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexamples\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e directory.\nThis allows them to have independent dependencies and faster builds.\nExamples must be selected using the \u003ccode\u003e--package\u003c/code\u003e (or \u003ccode\u003e-p\u003c/code\u003e) Cargo flag.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWinit\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-winit\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Winit\" href=\"#winit\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit\"\u003ewinit\u003c/a\u003e example (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/with_winit\"\u003eexamples/with_winit\u003c/a\u003e) demonstrates rendering to a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit\"\u003ewinit\u003c/a\u003e window.\nBy default, this renders the \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ghostscript_Tiger.svg\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGhostScript Tiger\u003c/a\u003e as well as all SVG files you add in the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/assets/downloads\"\u003eexamples/assets/downloads\u003c/a\u003e directory.\nA custom list of SVG file paths (and directories to render all SVG files from) can be provided as arguments instead.\nIt also includes a collection of test scenes showing the capabilities of \u003ccode\u003evello\u003c/code\u003e, which can be shown with \u003ccode\u003e--test-scenes\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"cargo run -p with_winit\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003ecargo run -p with_winit\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePlatforms\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-platforms\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Platforms\" href=\"#platforms\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe aim to target all environments which can support WebGPU with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#limits\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003edefault limits\u003c/a\u003e.\nWe defer to \u003ca href=\"https://wgpu.rs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewgpu\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e for this support.\nOther platforms are more tricky, and may require special building/running procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWeb\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-web\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Web\" href=\"#web\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBecause Vello relies heavily on compute shaders, we rely on the emerging WebGPU standard to run on the web.\nBrowser support for WebGPU is still evolving.\nVello has been tested using production versions of Chrome, but WebGPU support in Firefox and Safari is still experimental.\nIt may be necessary to use development browsers and explicitly enable WebGPU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following command builds and runs a web version of the \u003ca href=\"#winit\"\u003ewinit demo\u003c/a\u003e.\nThis uses \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rukai/cargo-run-wasm\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecargo-run-wasm\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e to build the example for web, and host a local server for it\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# Make sure the Rust toolchain supports the wasm32 target\nrustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n\n# The binary name must also be explicitly provided as it differs from the package name\ncargo run_wasm -p with_winit --bin with_winit_bin\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Make sure the Rust toolchain supports the wasm32 target\u003c/span\u003e\nrustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e The binary name must also be explicitly provided as it differs from the package name\u003c/span\u003e\ncargo run_wasm -p with_winit --bin with_winit_bin\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is also a web demo \u003ca href=\"https://linebender.github.io/vello\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eavailable here\u003c/a\u003e on supporting web browsers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-warning\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-alert mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eWarning\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe web is not currently a primary target for Vello, and WebGPU implementations are incomplete, so you might run into issues running this example.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAndroid\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-android\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Android\" href=\"#android\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"#winit\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewith_winit\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e example supports running on Android, using \u003ca href=\"https://crates.io/crates/cargo-apk\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecargo apk\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003ecargo apk run -p with_winit --lib\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-light-bulb mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M8 1.5c-2.363 0-4 1.69-4 3.75 0 .984.424 1.625.984 2.304l.214.253c.223.264.47.556.673.848.284.411.537.896.621 1.49a.75.75 0 0 1-1.484.211c-.04-.282-.163-.547-.37-.847a8.456 8.456 0 0 0-.542-.68c-.084-.1-.173-.205-.268-.32C3.201 7.75 2.5 6.766 2.5 5.25 2.5 2.31 4.863 0 8 0s5.5 2.31 5.5 5.25c0 1.516-.701 2.5-1.328 3.259-.095.115-.184.22-.268.319-.207.245-.383.453-.541.681-.208.3-.33.565-.37.847a.751.751 0 0 1-1.485-.212c.084-.593.337-1.078.621-1.489.203-.292.45-.584.673-.848.075-.088.147-.173.213-.253.561-.679.985-1.32.985-2.304 0-2.06-1.637-3.75-4-3.75ZM5.75 12h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM6 15.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eTip\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecargo apk doesn't support running in release mode without configuration.\nSee \u003ca href=\"https://crates.io/crates/cargo-apk\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003etheir crates page docs\u003c/a\u003e (around \u003ccode\u003epackage.metadata.android.signing.\u0026lt;profile\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee also \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/rust-mobile/cargo-apk/issues/16\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/rust-mobile/cargo-apk/issues/16/hovercard\"\u003ecargo-apk#16\u003c/a\u003e.\nTo run in release mode, you must add the following to \u003ccode\u003eexamples/with_winit/Cargo.toml\u003c/code\u003e (changing \u003ccode\u003e$HOME\u003c/code\u003e to your home directory):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[package.metadata.android.signing.release]\npath = \u0026quot;$HOME/.android/debug.keystore\u0026quot;\nkeystore_password = \u0026quot;android\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003epackage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003emetadata\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eandroid\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003esigning\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erelease\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003epath\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e$HOME/.android/debug.keystore\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ekeystore_password\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eandroid\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-alert markdown-alert-note\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"markdown-alert-title\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-info mr-2\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003eNote\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs \u003ccode\u003ecargo apk\u003c/code\u003e does not allow passing command line arguments or environment variables to the app when ran, these can be embedded into the\nprogram at compile time (currently for Android only)\n\u003ccode\u003ewith_winit\u003c/code\u003e currently supports the environment variables:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eVELLO_STATIC_LOG\u003c/code\u003e, which is equivalent to \u003ccode\u003eRUST_LOG\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eVELLO_STATIC_ARGS\u003c/code\u003e, which is equivalent to passing in command line arguments\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example (with unix shell environment variable syntax):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"VELLO_STATIC_LOG=\u0026quot;vello=trace\u0026quot; VELLO_STATIC_ARGS=\u0026quot;--test-scenes\u0026quot; cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003eVELLO_STATIC_LOG=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003evello=trace\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e VELLO_STATIC_ARGS=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e--test-scenes\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMinimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Minimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)\" href=\"#minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis version of Vello has been verified to compile with \u003cstrong\u003eRust 1.85\u003c/strong\u003e and later.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFuture versions of Vello might increase the Rust version requirement.\nIt will not be treated as a breaking change and as such can even happen with small patch releases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eClick here if compiling fails.\u003c/summary\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs time has passed, some of Vello's dependencies could have released versions with a higher Rust requirement.\nIf you encounter a compilation issue due to a dependency and don't want to upgrade your Rust toolchain, then you could downgrade the dependency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# Use the problematic dependency's name and version\ncargo update -p package_name --precise 0.1.1\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Use the problematic dependency's name and version\u003c/span\u003e\ncargo update -p package_name --precise 0.1.1\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommunity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-community\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Community\" href=\"#community\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDiscussion of Vello development happens in the \u003ca href=\"https://xi.zulipchat.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eLinebender Zulip\u003c/a\u003e, specifically the \u003ca href=\"https://xi.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/197075-vello\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e#vello channel\u003c/a\u003e.\nAll public content can be read without logging in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributions are welcome by pull request.\nThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org/policies/code-of-conduct\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust code of conduct\u003c/a\u003e applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache 2.0 license, shall be licensed as noted in the \u003ca href=\"#license\"\u003eLicense\u003c/a\u003e section, without any additional terms or conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHistory\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-history\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: History\" href=\"#history\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello was previously known as \u003ccode\u003epiet-gpu\u003c/code\u003e.\nThis prior incarnation used a custom cross-API hardware abstraction layer, called \u003ccode\u003epiet-gpu-hal\u003c/code\u003e, instead of \u003ca href=\"https://wgpu.rs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ewgpu\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn archive of this version can be found in the branches \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/piet-gpu/tree/custom-hal-archive-with-shaders\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecustom-hal-archive-with-shaders\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/piet-gpu/tree/custom-hal-archive\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecustom-hal-archive\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\nThis succeeded the previous prototype, \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/piet-metal\"\u003epiet-metal\u003c/a\u003e, and included work adapted from \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/bzm3r/piet-dx12\"\u003epiet-dx12\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe decision to lay down \u003ccode\u003epiet-gpu-hal\u003c/code\u003e in favor of WebGPU is discussed in detail in the blog post \u003ca href=\"https://raphlinus.github.io/rust/gpu/2023/01/07/requiem-piet-gpu-hal.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRequiem for piet-gpu-hal\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/doc/vision.md\"\u003evision\u003c/a\u003e document dated December 2020 explained the longer-term goals of the project, and how we might get there.\nMany of these items are out-of-date or completed, but it still may provide some useful background.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRelated projects\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-related-projects\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Related projects\" href=\"#related-projects\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eVello takes inspiration from many other rendering projects, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/servo/pathfinder\"\u003ePathfinder\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/master/src/graphics/lib/compute/spinel/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSpinel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/google/forma\"\u003eForma\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://w3.impa.br/~diego/projects/GanEtAl14/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMassively Parallel Vector Graphics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://hhoppe.com/proj/ravg/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRandom-access rendering of general vector graphics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-license\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: License\" href=\"#license\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicensed under either of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApache License, Version 2.0 (\u003ca href=\"/linebender/vello/blob/main/LICENSE-APACHE\"\u003eLICENSE-APACHE\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMIT license (\u003ca href=\"/linebender/vello/blob/main/LICENSE-MIT\"\u003eLICENSE-MIT\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eat your option.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn addition, all files in the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/shader\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evello_shaders/shader\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/src/cpu\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evello_shaders/src/cpu\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e directories and subdirectories thereof are alternatively licensed under the Unlicense (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/shader/UNLICENSE\"\u003evello_shaders/shader/UNLICENSE\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"http://unlicense.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://unlicense.org/\u003c/a\u003e).\nFor clarity, these files are also licensed under either of the above licenses.\nThe intent is for this research to be used in as broad a context as possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe files in subdirectories of the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/assets\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexamples/assets\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e directory are licensed solely under their respective licenses, available in the \u003ccode\u003eLICENSE\u003c/code\u003e file in their directories.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Vello","anchor":"vello","htmlText":"Vello"},{"level":2,"text":"Motivation","anchor":"motivation","htmlText":"Motivation"},{"level":2,"text":"Getting started","anchor":"getting-started","htmlText":"Getting started"},{"level":2,"text":"Performance","anchor":"performance","htmlText":"Performance"},{"level":2,"text":"Integrations","anchor":"integrations","htmlText":"Integrations"},{"level":3,"text":"SVG","anchor":"svg","htmlText":"SVG"},{"level":3,"text":"Lottie","anchor":"lottie","htmlText":"Lottie"},{"level":3,"text":"Bevy","anchor":"bevy","htmlText":"Bevy"},{"level":2,"text":"Examples","anchor":"examples","htmlText":"Examples"},{"level":3,"text":"Winit","anchor":"winit","htmlText":"Winit"},{"level":2,"text":"Platforms","anchor":"platforms","htmlText":"Platforms"},{"level":3,"text":"Web","anchor":"web","htmlText":"Web"},{"level":3,"text":"Android","anchor":"android","htmlText":"Android"},{"level":2,"text":"Minimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)","anchor":"minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv","htmlText":"Minimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)"},{"level":2,"text":"Community","anchor":"community","htmlText":"Community"},{"level":2,"text":"History","anchor":"history","htmlText":"History"},{"level":2,"text":"Related projects","anchor":"related-projects","htmlText":"Related projects"},{"level":2,"text":"License","anchor":"license","htmlText":"License"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flinebender%2Fvello"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE-APACHE","repoName":"vello","refName":"main","path":"LICENSE-APACHE","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"Apache-2.0","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flinebender%2Fvello"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE-MIT","repoName":"vello","refName":"main","path":"LICENSE-MIT","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"MIT","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flinebender%2Fvello"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-96e76d5fdb2c.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":false,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}}</script> 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data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-history" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m.427 1.927 1.215 1.215a8.002 8.002 0 1 1-1.6 5.685.75.75 0 1 1 1.493-.154 6.5 6.5 0 1 0 1.18-4.458l1.358 1.358A.25.25 0 0 1 3.896 6H.25A.25.25 0 0 1 0 5.75V2.104a.25.25 0 0 1 .427-.177ZM7.75 4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5A.75.75 0 0 1 7.75 4Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x"><span class="fgColor-default">1,382 Commits</span></span></span></a><div class="d-sm-none"></div><div class="d-flex d-lg-none"><span role="tooltip" aria-label="1,382 Commits" id="history-icon-button-tooltip" class="Tooltip__TooltipBase-sc-17tf59c-0 hWlpPn tooltipped-n"><a 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cwoBXV prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI" data-loading="false" data-size="medium" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Rr9ab:-loading-announcement" id=":Rr9ab:"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-list-unordered" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M5.75 2.5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"> <div align="center" dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Vello</h1><a id="user-content-vello" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Vello" href="#vello"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>A GPU compute-centric 2D renderer</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://xi.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/197075-vello" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/636d1c361bd2db24db283cd92e6331d5b43f46a780d81412f00c75c5b007dd96/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f4c696e6562656e6465722d25323376656c6c6f2d626c75653f6c6f676f3d5a756c6970" alt="Linebender Zulip" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Linebender-%23vello-blue?logo=Zulip" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://deps.rs/repo/github/linebender/vello" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4edb29b4cfde888b6c290a1fb887de344d6a49d9ce8616e5718ea5f59a4449bb/68747470733a2f2f646570732e72732f7265706f2f6769746875622f6c696e6562656e6465722f76656c6c6f2f7374617475732e737667" alt="dependency status" data-canonical-src="https://deps.rs/repo/github/linebender/vello/status.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="#license"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4cf9235b8d16573f3133d46413f87247a4e497bca27330ada9a2321c1a5e47e1/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f6c6963656e73652d4170616368652d2d322e305f4f525f4d49542d626c75652e737667" alt="Apache 2.0 or MIT license." data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0_OR_MIT-blue.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://crates.io/crates/wgpu" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b60930790d1c860c7c8c901e748469d8894197451d41536733536c46f26e0028/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f776770752d7632342e302e312d6f72616e67652e737667" alt="wgpu version" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/wgpu-v24.0.1-orange.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://crates.io/crates/vello" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/aa8f03d0a43a8234528ce6b6e5e0b86445c959e12f44c5bc64af7bc71e68c3a9/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6372617465732f762f76656c6c6f2e737667" alt="Crates.io" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/vello.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://docs.rs/vello" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/9de8329aacb2a3b9fa56700b543699f94b3df57d7dbb95958e80cce15278676f/68747470733a2f2f646f63732e72732f76656c6c6f2f62616467652e737667" alt="Docs" data-canonical-src="https://docs.rs/vello/badge.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/actions"><img src="https://github.com/linebender/vello/workflows/CI/badge.svg" alt="Build status" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> </div> <p dir="auto">Vello is a 2D graphics rendering engine written in Rust, with a focus on GPU compute. It can draw large 2D scenes with interactive or near-interactive performance, using <a href="https://wgpu.rs/" rel="nofollow"><code>wgpu</code></a> for GPU access.</p> <p dir="auto">Quickstart to run an example program:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cargo run -p with_winit"><pre>cargo run -p with_winit</pre></div> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/8573618/307825294-cc2b742e-2135-4b70-8051-c49aeddb5d19.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJnaXRodWIuY29tIiwiYXVkIjoicmF3LmdpdGh1YnVzZXJjb250ZW50LmNvbSIsImtleSI6ImtleTUiLCJleHAiOjE3NDM0OTA2NDUsIm5iZiI6MTc0MzQ5MDM0NSwicGF0aCI6Ii84NTczNjE4LzMwNzgyNTI5NC1jYzJiNzQyZS0yMTM1LTRiNzAtODA1MS1jNDlhZWRkYjVkMTkucG5nP1gtQW16LUFsZ29yaXRobT1BV1M0LUhNQUMtU0hBMjU2JlgtQW16LUNyZWRlbnRpYWw9QUtJQVZDT0RZTFNBNTNQUUs0WkElMkYyMDI1MDQwMSUyRnVzLWVhc3QtMSUyRnMzJTJGYXdzNF9yZXF1ZXN0JlgtQW16LURhdGU9MjAyNTA0MDFUMDY1MjI1WiZYLUFtei1FeHBpcmVzPTMwMCZYLUFtei1TaWduYXR1cmU9NDExYWUwN2QzMDRlZGVkZjEwMzIxMTAxNzA2N2UxMjUwNzdhMWM1ZjdlNWIyMjZkYzVjZDNmMDU3M2VlODRlOCZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QifQ.NK6v5tIzw_nzGoDYP9BwqUZMd7rnj_UWXRDG_Et_0Iw"><img src="https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/8573618/307825294-cc2b742e-2135-4b70-8051-c49aeddb5d19.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJnaXRodWIuY29tIiwiYXVkIjoicmF3LmdpdGh1YnVzZXJjb250ZW50LmNvbSIsImtleSI6ImtleTUiLCJleHAiOjE3NDM0OTA2NDUsIm5iZiI6MTc0MzQ5MDM0NSwicGF0aCI6Ii84NTczNjE4LzMwNzgyNTI5NC1jYzJiNzQyZS0yMTM1LTRiNzAtODA1MS1jNDlhZWRkYjVkMTkucG5nP1gtQW16LUFsZ29yaXRobT1BV1M0LUhNQUMtU0hBMjU2JlgtQW16LUNyZWRlbnRpYWw9QUtJQVZDT0RZTFNBNTNQUUs0WkElMkYyMDI1MDQwMSUyRnVzLWVhc3QtMSUyRnMzJTJGYXdzNF9yZXF1ZXN0JlgtQW16LURhdGU9MjAyNTA0MDFUMDY1MjI1WiZYLUFtei1FeHBpcmVzPTMwMCZYLUFtei1TaWduYXR1cmU9NDExYWUwN2QzMDRlZGVkZjEwMzIxMTAxNzA2N2UxMjUwNzdhMWM1ZjdlNWIyMjZkYzVjZDNmMDU3M2VlODRlOCZYLUFtei1TaWduZWRIZWFkZXJzPWhvc3QifQ.NK6v5tIzw_nzGoDYP9BwqUZMd7rnj_UWXRDG_Et_0Iw" alt="image" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">It is used as the rendering backend for <a href="https://github.com/linebender/xilem/">Xilem</a>, a Rust GUI toolkit.</p> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-warning" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-alert mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path></svg>Warning</p><p dir="auto">Vello can currently be considered in an alpha state. In particular, we're still working on the following:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/476" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/linebender/vello/issues/476/hovercard">Implementing blur and filter effects</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/49" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/linebender/vello/issues/49/hovercard">Conflations artifacts</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/366" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/linebender/vello/issues/366/hovercard">GPU memory allocation strategy</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/issues/204" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/linebender/vello/issues/204/hovercard">Glyph caching</a></li> </ul> </div> <p dir="auto">Significant changes are documented in <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/CHANGELOG.md">the changelog</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Motivation</h2><a id="user-content-motivation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Motivation" href="#motivation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Vello is meant to fill the same place in the graphics stack as other vector graphics renderers like <a href="https://skia.org/" rel="nofollow">Skia</a>, <a href="https://www.cairographics.org/" rel="nofollow">Cairo</a>, and its predecessor project <a href="https://github.com/linebender/piet">Piet</a>. On a basic level, that means it provides tools to render shapes, images, gradients, text, etc, using a PostScript-inspired API, the same that powers SVG files and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D" rel="nofollow">the browser <code><canvas></code> element</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Vello's selling point is that it gets better performance than other renderers by better leveraging the GPU. In traditional PostScript-style renderers, some steps of the render process like sorting and clipping either need to be handled in the CPU or done through the use of intermediary textures. Vello avoids this by using prefix-sum algorithms to parallelize work that usually needs to happen in sequence, so that work can be offloaded to the GPU with minimal use of temporary buffers.</p> <p dir="auto">This means that Vello needs a GPU with support for compute shaders to run.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Getting started</h2><a id="user-content-getting-started" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Getting started" href="#getting-started"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Vello is meant to be integrated deep in UI render stacks. While drawing in a Vello scene is easy, actually rendering that scene to a surface requires setting up a wgpu context, which is a non-trivial task.</p> <p dir="auto">To use Vello as the renderer for your PDF reader / GUI toolkit / etc, your code will have to look roughly like this:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="use vello::{ kurbo::{Affine, Circle}, peniko::{Color, Fill}, *, }; // Initialize wgpu and get handles let (width, height) = ...; let device: wgpu::Device = ...; let queue: wgpu::Queue = ...; let mut renderer = Renderer::new( &device, RendererOptions { use_cpu: false, antialiasing_support: vello::AaSupport::all(), num_init_threads: NonZeroUsize::new(1), }, ).expect("Failed to create renderer"); // Create scene and draw stuff in it let mut scene = vello::Scene::new(); scene.fill( vello::peniko::Fill::NonZero, vello::Affine::IDENTITY, vello::Color::from_rgb8(242, 140, 168), None, &vello::Circle::new((420.0, 200.0), 120.0), ); // Draw more stuff scene.push_layer(...); scene.fill(...); scene.stroke(...); scene.pop_layer(...); let texture = device.create_texture(&...); // Render to a wgpu Texture renderer .render_to_texture( &device, &queue, &scene, &texture, &vello::RenderParams { base_color: palette::css::BLACK, // Background color width, height, antialiasing_method: AaConfig::Msaa16, }, ) .expect("Failed to render to a texture"); // Do things with `texture`, such as blitting it to the Surface using // wgpu::util::TextureBlitter"><pre><span class="pl-k">use</span> vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> kurbo<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-v">Affine</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Circle</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> peniko<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-v">Color</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Fill</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Initialize wgpu and get handles</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span>width<span class="pl-kos">,</span> height<span class="pl-kos">)</span> = ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> device<span class="pl-kos">:</span> wgpu<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Device</span> = ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> queue<span class="pl-kos">:</span> wgpu<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Queue</span> = ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-k">mut</span> renderer = <span class="pl-smi">Renderer</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>device<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-smi">RendererOptions</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">use_cpu</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">false</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">antialiasing_support</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">AaSupport</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">all</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">num_init_threads</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">NonZeroUsize</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">1</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">expect</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Failed to create renderer"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Create scene and draw stuff in it</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-k">mut</span> scene = vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Scene</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> scene<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">fill</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span> vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span>peniko<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Fill</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">NonZero</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Affine</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">IDENTITY</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Color</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">from_rgb8</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">242</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">140</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">168</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">None</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Circle</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">420.0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">200.0</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">120.0</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Draw more stuff</span> scene<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">push_layer</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> scene<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">fill</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> scene<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">stroke</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> scene<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">pop_layer</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> texture = device<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">create_texture</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span>..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Render to a wgpu Texture</span> renderer <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">render_to_texture</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>device<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>queue<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>scene<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>texture<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span>vello<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">RenderParams</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">base_color</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> palette<span class="pl-kos">::</span>css<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">BLACK</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// Background color</span> width<span class="pl-kos">,</span> height<span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">antialiasing_method</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">AaConfig</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Msaa16</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">expect</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Failed to render to a texture"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Do things with `texture`, such as blitting it to the Surface using</span> <span class="pl-c">// wgpu::util::TextureBlitter</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples"><code>examples</code></a> directory for code that integrates with frameworks like winit.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Performance</h2><a id="user-content-performance" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Performance" href="#performance"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We've observed 177 fps for the paris-30k test scene on an M1 Max, at a resolution of 1600 pixels square, which is excellent performance and represents something of a best case for the engine.</p> <p dir="auto">More formal benchmarks are on their way.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Integrations</h2><a id="user-content-integrations" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Integrations" href="#integrations"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">SVG</h3><a id="user-content-svg" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: SVG" href="#svg"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A separate Linebender integration for rendering SVG files is available through <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello_svg"><code>vello_svg</code></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Lottie</h3><a id="user-content-lottie" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Lottie" href="#lottie"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A separate Linebender integration for playing Lottie animations is available through <a href="https://github.com/linebender/velato"><code>velato</code></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Bevy</h3><a id="user-content-bevy" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Bevy" href="#bevy"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A separate Linebender integration for rendering raw scenes or Lottie and SVG files in <a href="https://bevyengine.org/" rel="nofollow">Bevy</a> through <a href="https://github.com/linebender/bevy_vello"><code>bevy_vello</code></a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h2><a id="user-content-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Our examples are provided in separate packages in the <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples"><code>examples</code></a> directory. This allows them to have independent dependencies and faster builds. Examples must be selected using the <code>--package</code> (or <code>-p</code>) Cargo flag.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Winit</h3><a id="user-content-winit" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Winit" href="#winit"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Our <a href="https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit">winit</a> example (<a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/with_winit">examples/with_winit</a>) demonstrates rendering to a <a href="https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit">winit</a> window. By default, this renders the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ghostscript_Tiger.svg" rel="nofollow">GhostScript Tiger</a> as well as all SVG files you add in the <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/assets/downloads">examples/assets/downloads</a> directory. A custom list of SVG file paths (and directories to render all SVG files from) can be provided as arguments instead. It also includes a collection of test scenes showing the capabilities of <code>vello</code>, which can be shown with <code>--test-scenes</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cargo run -p with_winit"><pre>cargo run -p with_winit</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Platforms</h2><a id="user-content-platforms" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Platforms" href="#platforms"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We aim to target all environments which can support WebGPU with the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webgpu/#limits" rel="nofollow">default limits</a>. We defer to <a href="https://wgpu.rs/" rel="nofollow"><code>wgpu</code></a> for this support. Other platforms are more tricky, and may require special building/running procedures.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Web</h3><a id="user-content-web" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Web" href="#web"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Because Vello relies heavily on compute shaders, we rely on the emerging WebGPU standard to run on the web. Browser support for WebGPU is still evolving. Vello has been tested using production versions of Chrome, but WebGPU support in Firefox and Safari is still experimental. It may be necessary to use development browsers and explicitly enable WebGPU.</p> <p dir="auto">The following command builds and runs a web version of the <a href="#winit">winit demo</a>. This uses <a href="https://github.com/rukai/cargo-run-wasm"><code>cargo-run-wasm</code></a> to build the example for web, and host a local server for it</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# Make sure the Rust toolchain supports the wasm32 target rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown # The binary name must also be explicitly provided as it differs from the package name cargo run_wasm -p with_winit --bin with_winit_bin"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Make sure the Rust toolchain supports the wasm32 target</span> rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> The binary name must also be explicitly provided as it differs from the package name</span> cargo run_wasm -p with_winit --bin with_winit_bin</pre></div> <p dir="auto">There is also a web demo <a href="https://linebender.github.io/vello" rel="nofollow">available here</a> on supporting web browsers.</p> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-warning" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-alert mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path></svg>Warning</p><p dir="auto">The web is not currently a primary target for Vello, and WebGPU implementations are incomplete, so you might run into issues running this example.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Android</h3><a id="user-content-android" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Android" href="#android"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <a href="#winit"><code>with_winit</code></a> example supports running on Android, using <a href="https://crates.io/crates/cargo-apk" rel="nofollow">cargo apk</a>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib"><pre>cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib</pre></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-light-bulb mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8 1.5c-2.363 0-4 1.69-4 3.75 0 .984.424 1.625.984 2.304l.214.253c.223.264.47.556.673.848.284.411.537.896.621 1.49a.75.75 0 0 1-1.484.211c-.04-.282-.163-.547-.37-.847a8.456 8.456 0 0 0-.542-.68c-.084-.1-.173-.205-.268-.32C3.201 7.75 2.5 6.766 2.5 5.25 2.5 2.31 4.863 0 8 0s5.5 2.31 5.5 5.25c0 1.516-.701 2.5-1.328 3.259-.095.115-.184.22-.268.319-.207.245-.383.453-.541.681-.208.3-.33.565-.37.847a.751.751 0 0 1-1.485-.212c.084-.593.337-1.078.621-1.489.203-.292.45-.584.673-.848.075-.088.147-.173.213-.253.561-.679.985-1.32.985-2.304 0-2.06-1.637-3.75-4-3.75ZM5.75 12h4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM6 15.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path></svg>Tip</p><p dir="auto">cargo apk doesn't support running in release mode without configuration. See <a href="https://crates.io/crates/cargo-apk" rel="nofollow">their crates page docs</a> (around <code>package.metadata.android.signing.<profile></code>).</p> <p dir="auto">See also <a href="https://github.com/rust-mobile/cargo-apk/issues/16" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/rust-mobile/cargo-apk/issues/16/hovercard">cargo-apk#16</a>. To run in release mode, you must add the following to <code>examples/with_winit/Cargo.toml</code> (changing <code>$HOME</code> to your home directory):</p> </div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[package.metadata.android.signing.release] path = "$HOME/.android/debug.keystore" keystore_password = "android""><pre>[<span class="pl-en">package</span>.<span class="pl-en">metadata</span>.<span class="pl-en">android</span>.<span class="pl-en">signing</span>.<span class="pl-en">release</span>] <span class="pl-smi">path</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>$HOME/.android/debug.keystore<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> <span class="pl-smi">keystore_password</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>android<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note" dir="auto"><p class="markdown-alert-title" dir="auto"><svg class="octicon octicon-info mr-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8Zm8-6.5a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 0 13 6.5 6.5 0 0 0 0-13ZM6.5 7.75A.75.75 0 0 1 7.25 7h1a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.75h.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h.25v-2h-.25a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75ZM8 6a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg>Note</p><p dir="auto">As <code>cargo apk</code> does not allow passing command line arguments or environment variables to the app when ran, these can be embedded into the program at compile time (currently for Android only) <code>with_winit</code> currently supports the environment variables:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>VELLO_STATIC_LOG</code>, which is equivalent to <code>RUST_LOG</code></li> <li><code>VELLO_STATIC_ARGS</code>, which is equivalent to passing in command line arguments</li> </ul> </div> <p dir="auto">For example (with unix shell environment variable syntax):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="VELLO_STATIC_LOG="vello=trace" VELLO_STATIC_ARGS="--test-scenes" cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib"><pre>VELLO_STATIC_LOG=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>vello=trace<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> VELLO_STATIC_ARGS=<span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>--test-scenes<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> cargo apk run -p with_winit --lib</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Minimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)</h2><a id="user-content-minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Minimum supported Rust Version (MSRV)" href="#minimum-supported-rust-version-msrv"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This version of Vello has been verified to compile with <strong>Rust 1.85</strong> and later.</p> <p dir="auto">Future versions of Vello might increase the Rust version requirement. It will not be treated as a breaking change and as such can even happen with small patch releases.</p> <details> <summary>Click here if compiling fails.</summary> <p dir="auto">As time has passed, some of Vello's dependencies could have released versions with a higher Rust requirement. If you encounter a compilation issue due to a dependency and don't want to upgrade your Rust toolchain, then you could downgrade the dependency.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# Use the problematic dependency's name and version cargo update -p package_name --precise 0.1.1"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Use the problematic dependency's name and version</span> cargo update -p package_name --precise 0.1.1</pre></div> </details> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Community</h2><a id="user-content-community" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Community" href="#community"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Discussion of Vello development happens in the <a href="https://xi.zulipchat.com/" rel="nofollow">Linebender Zulip</a>, specifically the <a href="https://xi.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/197075-vello" rel="nofollow">#vello channel</a>. All public content can be read without logging in.</p> <p dir="auto">Contributions are welcome by pull request. The <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/policies/code-of-conduct" rel="nofollow">Rust code of conduct</a> applies.</p> <p dir="auto">Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache 2.0 license, shall be licensed as noted in the <a href="#license">License</a> section, without any additional terms or conditions.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">History</h2><a id="user-content-history" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: History" href="#history"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Vello was previously known as <code>piet-gpu</code>. This prior incarnation used a custom cross-API hardware abstraction layer, called <code>piet-gpu-hal</code>, instead of <a href="https://wgpu.rs/" rel="nofollow"><code>wgpu</code></a>.</p> <p dir="auto">An archive of this version can be found in the branches <a href="https://github.com/linebender/piet-gpu/tree/custom-hal-archive-with-shaders"><code>custom-hal-archive-with-shaders</code></a> and <a href="https://github.com/linebender/piet-gpu/tree/custom-hal-archive"><code>custom-hal-archive</code></a>. This succeeded the previous prototype, <a href="https://github.com/linebender/piet-metal">piet-metal</a>, and included work adapted from <a href="https://github.com/bzm3r/piet-dx12">piet-dx12</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">The decision to lay down <code>piet-gpu-hal</code> in favor of WebGPU is discussed in detail in the blog post <a href="https://raphlinus.github.io/rust/gpu/2023/01/07/requiem-piet-gpu-hal.html" rel="nofollow">Requiem for piet-gpu-hal</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">A <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/doc/vision.md">vision</a> document dated December 2020 explained the longer-term goals of the project, and how we might get there. Many of these items are out-of-date or completed, but it still may provide some useful background.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Related projects</h2><a id="user-content-related-projects" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Related projects" href="#related-projects"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Vello takes inspiration from many other rendering projects, including:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/servo/pathfinder">Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/master/src/graphics/lib/compute/spinel/" rel="nofollow">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/google/forma">Forma</a></li> <li><a href="https://w3.impa.br/~diego/projects/GanEtAl14/" rel="nofollow">Massively Parallel Vector Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="https://hhoppe.com/proj/ravg/" rel="nofollow">Random-access rendering of general vector graphics</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License</h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Licensed under either of</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Apache License, Version 2.0 (<a href="/linebender/vello/blob/main/LICENSE-APACHE">LICENSE-APACHE</a> or <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" rel="nofollow">http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</a>)</li> <li>MIT license (<a href="/linebender/vello/blob/main/LICENSE-MIT">LICENSE-MIT</a> or <a href="http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT" rel="nofollow">http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</a>)</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">at your option.</p> <p dir="auto">In addition, all files in the <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/shader"><code>vello_shaders/shader</code></a> and <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/src/cpu"><code>vello_shaders/src/cpu</code></a> directories and subdirectories thereof are alternatively licensed under the Unlicense (<a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/vello_shaders/shader/UNLICENSE">vello_shaders/shader/UNLICENSE</a> or <a href="http://unlicense.org/" rel="nofollow">http://unlicense.org/</a>). For clarity, these files are also licensed under either of the above licenses. The intent is for this research to be used in as broad a context as possible.</p> <p dir="auto">The files in subdirectories of the <a href="https://github.com/linebender/vello/tree/main/examples/assets"><code>examples/assets</code></a> directory are licensed solely under their respective licenses, available in the <code>LICENSE</code> file in their directories.</p> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="Y3i60C9UIs5XpO3Sj4KaN0oarUZUIqeGIaHLSaZ+u7GcPVeQ7/HtTXHbiHRf8upmxgh5Qrsk0XbYOh/Pkf+8XQ==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> A GPU compute-centric 2D renderer. </p> <div class="my-3 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