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laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificazione_delle_leghe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificazione_delle_leghe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Classificazione delle leghe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificazione_delle_leghe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruolo_biologico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruolo_biologico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ruolo biologico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruolo_biologico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disponibilità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disponibilità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Disponibilità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disponibilità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Composti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Composti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poliossoanioni_acquosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poliossoanioni_acquosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Poliossoanioni acquosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poliossoanioni_acquosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Isotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effetti_sulla_salute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effetti_sulla_salute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Effetti sulla salute</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effetti_sulla_salute-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Effetti sulla salute</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effetti_sulla_salute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tossicità_acuta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tossicità_acuta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Tossicità acuta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tossicità_acuta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungsteno</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 146 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ተንግስተን - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተንግስተን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنجستن - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنجستن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DD%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تونݣستين - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تونݣستين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنجستن - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تنجستن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframiu" title="Volframiu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Volframiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wungel" title="Wungel - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Wungel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A9n" title="Tungstén - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tungstén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolpramyo" title="Wolpramyo - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wolpramyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вальфрам - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вальфрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вальфрам - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вальфрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="টাংস্টেন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টাংস্টেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཊང་སི་ཊན། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཊང་སི་ཊན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_(tungsten)" title="Wolfram (tungsten) - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wolfram (tungsten)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8" title="Tungstè - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tungstè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AC_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k) - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframyo" title="Wolframyo - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wolframyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تەنگستن - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەنگستن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twngsten" title="Twngsten - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twngsten" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βολφράμιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολφράμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframo" title="Volframo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volframo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframio" title="Wolframio - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wolframio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="تنگستن - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنگستن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframi" title="Volframi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volframi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tungstène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstan" title="Tungstan - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tungstan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstan" title="Tungstan - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tungstan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframio" title="Volframio - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volframio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="ટંગસ્ટન - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ટંગસ્ટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="טונגסטן - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טונגסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfr%C3%A1m" title="Volfrám - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volfrám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վոլֆրամ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլֆրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%83%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վոլփրամ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վոլփրամ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframo" title="Wolframo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wolframo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="タングステン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タングステン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jarjinme" title="jarjinme - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jarjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფრამი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლფრამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94%C5%8Bk%C9%A9s%C9%A9t%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟಂಗ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಂಗ್‌ಸ್ಟನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%85%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%90" title="텅스텐 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텅스텐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongsten" title="Tongsten - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tongsten" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframium" title="Wolframium - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wolframium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframas" title="Volframas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volframas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volframs" title="Volframs - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volframs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Вольфрама - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вольфрама" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongstena" title="Tongstena - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tongstena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടങ്സ്റ്റൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="टंगस्टन - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टंगस्टन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="တန်စတင် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တန်စတင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolfraam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8n" title="Tungstèn - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tungstèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%27framu" title="Vol'framu - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vol'framu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%A8" title="ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਟੰਗਸਟੰਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੰਗਸਟੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongsten" title="Tongsten - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tongsten" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ٹنگسٹن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹنگسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%86" title="ټونگسټن - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټونگسټن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tungstênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulpharamyu" title="Wulpharamyu - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wulpharamyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframu" title="Wolframu - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Wolframu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="टंग्स्टेन - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="टंग्स्टेन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱴᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱱ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱴᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱴᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungstenu" title="Tungstenu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tungstenu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfr%C3%A1m" title="Volfrám - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Volfrám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteni" title="Tungsteni - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tungsteni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframi" title="Wolframi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wolframi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தங்குதன் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தங்குதன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="టంగ్‌స్టన్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టంగ్‌స్టన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Волфрам - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Волфрам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99" title="ทังสเตน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทังสเตน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olframyo" title="Olframyo - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Olframyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tungsten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ۋولفرام - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋولفرام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ٹنگسٹن - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹنگسٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volfram" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%27fram" title="Vol'fram - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vol'fram" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tungsteno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вольфрам - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Вольфрам" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="וואלפראם - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלפראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolframu" title="Wolframu - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wolframu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" title="鎢 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鎢" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wolfram" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" title="鎢 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鎢" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmZithowe" title="UmZithowe - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmZithowe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Tungsteno" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tungsteno"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tungsteno"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Tungsteno" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Tungsteno" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&oldid=141767777" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Tungsteno&id=141767777&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTungsteno"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTungsteno"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tungsteno"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tungsteno&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tungsten" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tungsteno" hreflang="it"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width: 300px;"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Tungsteno</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;">  </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />74</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>W</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Zolfo" title="Zolfo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandio" title="Scandio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td 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line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Attinio" title="Attinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nettunio" title="Nettunio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Americio" title="Americio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e8ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffeedd;"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Tantalio" title="Tantalio">tantalio</a> ← tungsteno → <a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio">renio</a> </p> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Aspetto</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aspetto dell'elemento"><img alt="Aspetto dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/200px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/300px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/400px-Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Aspetto dell'elemento</figcaption></figure>Metallo grigio lucente</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Linea_spettrale" title="Linea spettrale">Linea spettrale</a></b><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Linea spettrale dell'elemento"><img alt="Linea spettrale dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png/200px-Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png/300px-Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png/400px-Tungsten_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Linea spettrale dell'elemento</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Generalità</th></tr><tr><th>Nome, simbolo, numero atomico</th><td>tungsteno, W, 74 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimica" title="Serie chimica">Serie</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Metalli_del_blocco_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalli del blocco d">metalli di transizione</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">periodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">blocco</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_gruppo_6" title="Elementi del gruppo 6">6(VIB)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_periodo_6" title="Elementi del periodo 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalli_del_blocco_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalli del blocco d">d</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">Densità</a></th><td>19 250 kg/m³ </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Mohs" title="Scala di Mohs">Durezza</a></th><td>7,5 </td></tr><tr><th>Configurazione elettronica</th><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elektronskal_74.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Configurazione elettronica"><img alt="Configurazione elettronica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Elektronskal_74.svg/125px-Elektronskal_74.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Elektronskal_74.svg/188px-Elektronskal_74.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Elektronskal_74.svg/250px-Elektronskal_74.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Configurazione elettronica</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Termine_spettroscopico" title="Termine spettroscopico">Termine spettroscopico</a></th><td><sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Proprietà atomiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Peso_atomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Peso atomico">Peso atomico</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002183840000000000♠"></span>183,84 <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_massa_atomica" title="Unità di massa atomica">u</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_atomico" title="Raggio atomico">Raggio atomico</a> (calc.)</th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990135000000000000♠"></span>135(193) <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">pm</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_covalente" title="Raggio covalente">Raggio covalente</a></th><td>146 pm </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_di_van_der_Waals" title="Raggio di van der Waals">Raggio di van der Waals</a></th><td>137 pm<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Configurazione_elettronica" title="Configurazione elettronica">Configurazione elettronica</a></th><td>[<a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">Xe</a>]4f<sup>14</sup>5d<sup>4</sup>6s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">e<sup>−</sup></a> per <a href="/wiki/Livello_energetico" title="Livello energetico">livello energetico</a></th><td>2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">Stati di ossidazione</a></th><td>6, 5, 4, 3, 2 (mediamente <a href="/wiki/Acido" title="Acido">acido</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo">Struttura cristallina</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Reticolo_cubico_a_corpo_centrato" title="Reticolo cubico a corpo centrato">cubica a corpo centrato</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">Stato della materia</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a></th><td>3 422 °C (3 695 K)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_ebollizione" title="Punto di ebollizione">Punto di ebollizione</a></th><td>5 655 °C (5 928 K) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Volume_molare" title="Volume molare">Volume molare</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994947000000000000♠"></span>9,47<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_cubo" title="Metro cubo">m³</a></span>/<a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_vaporizzazione" title="Entalpia di vaporizzazione">Entalpia di vaporizzazione</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005824000000000000♠"></span>824 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mole" title="Joule per mole">kJ/mol</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_di_fusione" class="mw-redirect" title="Calore di fusione">Calore di fusione</a></th><td>35,4 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Tensione_di_vapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensione di vapore">Tensione di vapore</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000426999999999999♠"></span>4,27 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pascal (unità di misura)">Pa</a></span> a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003368000000000000♠"></span>3<span style="margin-left:.25em;">680</span> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_del_suono" title="Velocità del suono">Velocità del suono</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003517400000000000♠"></span>5<span style="margin-left:.25em;">174</span> <a href="/wiki/Metro_al_secondo" title="Metro al secondo">m/s</a></span> a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002293150000000000♠"></span>293,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Altre proprietà</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Numero_CAS" title="Numero CAS">Numero CAS</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=it&cas=7440-33-7">7440-33-7</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettronegativit%C3%A0" title="Elettronegatività">Elettronegatività</a></th><td>2,36 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_specifico" title="Calore specifico">Calore specifico</a></th><td>130 J/(kg·K) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_elettrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducibilità elettrica">Conducibilità elettrica</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007189000000000000♠"></span>1,89<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Siemens (unità di misura)">S</a></span>/<a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica" title="Conducibilità termica">Conducibilità termica</a></th><td>174 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Energia_di_ionizzazione" title="Energia di ionizzazione">Energia di prima ionizzazione</a></th><td>770 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di seconda ionizzazione</th><td>1700 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;">Isotopi più stabili</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><th>iso</th><th>NA</th><th>TD</th><th>DM</th><th>DE</th><th>DP</th></tr> <tr><td><sup>180</sup>W</td><td>0,12%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7018180000000000000♠"></span>1,8<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>18</sup></span>anni</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_alfa" title="Decadimento alfa">α</a></td><td>2,516</td><td><a href="/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio"><sup>176</sup>Hf</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>181</sup>W</td><td>sintetico</td> <td>121,2 giorni</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">ε</a></td><td>0,188</td><td><a href="/wiki/Tantalio" title="Tantalio"><sup>181</sup>Ta</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>182</sup>W</td><td>26,50%</td> <td colspan="4">È stabile con 108 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>183</sup>W</td><td>14,31%</td> <td colspan="4">È stabile con 109 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>184</sup>W</td><td><b>30,64%</b></td> <td colspan="4">È stabile con 110 neutroni</td></tr><tr><td><sup>185</sup>W</td><td>sintetico</td> <td>75,1 giorni</td><td><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">β<sup>−</sup></a></td><td>0,433</td><td><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio"><sup>185</sup>Re</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>186</sup>W</td><td>28,43%</td> <td colspan="4">È stabile con 112 neutroni</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#FFC0C0;"><small>iso: <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a><br />NA: abbondanza in natura<br />TD: <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">tempo di dimezzamento</a><br />DM: modalità di decadimento<br />DE: energia di decadimento in MeV<br />DP: prodotto del decadimento</small></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>tungsteno</b> o <b>volframio</b> è l'<a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento chimico</a> avente <a href="/wiki/Numero_atomico" title="Numero atomico">numero atomico</a> 74 e il suo simbolo è <b>W</b>. </p><p>È un <a href="/wiki/Metalli_del_blocco_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalli del blocco d">metallo di transizione</a> duro, pesante, di colore da bianco a grigio-acciaio, noto per le sue buone proprietà <a href="/wiki/Reologia" title="Reologia">reologiche</a>. Si trova in numerosi minerali, tra cui la <a href="/wiki/Wolframite" title="Wolframite">wolframite</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">scheelite</a>. </p><p>Nel 1961 la <a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a> dichiarò ammissibili entrambi i nomi (quello di wolframio preferibile nei composti). </p><p>In forma pura trova ampio impiego in applicazioni elettriche ed i suoi composti sono ampiamente usati nell'industria. L'esempio più notevole del suo utilizzo è la produzione dei filamenti delle <a href="/wiki/Lampada_a_incandescenza" title="Lampada a incandescenza">lampade ad incandescenza</a> (e questo è dovuto al fatto che è il metallo con il più alto punto di fusione), ma le sue <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">leghe</a> sono usate anche nell'industria aerospaziale. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il nome "tungsteno" (o "tunsteno") deriva dallo <a href="/wiki/Lingua_svedese" title="Lingua svedese">svedese</a> <i>tung sten</i>, "pietra pesante", termine coniato nel 1751 dallo svedese <a href="/wiki/Axel_Fredrik_Cronstedt" title="Axel Fredrik Cronstedt">Axel Fredrik Cronstedt</a>, che chiamò così un minerale da lui scoperto oggi noto come <a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">scheelite</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nello svedese odierno il suo nome è però <i>wolfram</i>, da cui deriva l'italiano "wolframio" o "volframio", a sua volta derivato dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca">tedesco</a> <i>Wolf ram</i>, "sporcizia di lupo", perché tale minerale nero riduce il pregio dei filoni di stagno in cui è presente.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel tedesco odierno è usato anche il nome <i>Tungsten</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tungsteno puro ha un colore che varia dal grigio acciaio al bianco, ed è molto duro. Si può tagliare con un seghetto per metalli quando è molto puro, mentre se è impuro è molto fragile e difficile da lavorare; il tungsteno viene ottenuto tramite <a href="/wiki/Sinterizzazione" title="Sinterizzazione">sinterizzazione</a> in quanto dotato di una temperatura di fusione troppo elevata per poter essere colato. Successivamente viene lavorato tramite <a href="/wiki/Forgiatura" title="Forgiatura">forgiatura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trazione_(fisica)" title="Trazione (fisica)">trazione</a> o <a href="/wiki/Estrusione" title="Estrusione">estrusione</a>. Il <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">punto di fusione</a> del tungsteno è il più alto di tutti gli elementi puri (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003369515000000000♠"></span>3<span style="margin-left:.25em;">422</span> <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a></span>): sue sono anche la più bassa <a href="/wiki/Pressione_di_vapore" title="Pressione di vapore">pressione di vapore</a> e la più alta resistenza alla trazione a temperature oltre i <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003192315000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">650</span> <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a></span> fra tutti gli elementi chimici. </p><p>Ha una ottima resistenza alla corrosione, la maggior parte degli <a href="/wiki/Acido" title="Acido">acidi</a> minerali lo intacca solo debolmente. Sul tungsteno metallico si forma uno strato protettivo di ossido all'aria, ma questa protezione viene meno alle alte temperature, a cui l'ossidazione non viene fermata. </p><p>Viene facilmente ossidato, sia puro che sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_tungsteno" title="Carburo di tungsteno">carburo</a> dall'azione dell'<a href="/wiki/Perossido_di_idrogeno" title="Perossido di idrogeno">acqua ossigenata</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Quando viene aggiunto all'<a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a>, il tungsteno ne aumenta notevolmente la durezza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tungsteno ha una vasta gamma di usi, di cui il più diffuso è senz'altro come <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_tungsteno" title="Carburo di tungsteno">carburo di tungsteno</a> (W<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">C</a>, WC) nei <a href="/wiki/Carburi" title="Carburi">carburi</a> cementati. Questi materiali sono molto resistenti all'usura e sono usati nella lavorazione degli altri metalli, nell'industria <a href="/wiki/Miniera" title="Miniera">mineraria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estrazione_del_petrolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrazione del petrolio">petrolifera</a> e delle costruzioni. Il tungsteno si usa anche per i filamenti delle <a href="/wiki/Lampada_a_incandescenza" title="Lampada a incandescenza">lampadine ad incandescenza</a> e delle <a href="/wiki/Valvola_termoionica" title="Valvola termoionica">valvole termoioniche</a>, e per vari tipi di <a href="/wiki/Elettrodo" title="Elettrodo">elettrodi</a>, perché si può ridurre in filamenti molto sottili che hanno un alto punto di fusione. Il carburo di tungsteno si sta usando da non molto tempo anche per bigiotteria e gioielleria grazie alle sue caratteristiche di resistenza al graffio e all'usura. </p><p>Altri usi: </p> <ul><li>le sue proprietà di densità e durezza lo rendono il candidato ideale per <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">leghe</a> pesanti usate in armamenti, dissipatori di calore e sistemi di pesi e contrappesi;</li> <li>molto utilizzato nella pesca a mosca per la riproduzione di artificiali come ninfe e streamer;</li> <li>utilizzato nel tiro con l'arco, nella produzione di punte per frecce da competizione, grazie all'alto peso specifico ed alla durezza;</li> <li>è ideale per le <a href="/wiki/Freccette" title="Freccette">freccette</a>, di cui arriva a costituire l'80% del peso;</li> <li>gli <a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciai</a> rapidi sono spesso delle leghe di tungsteno; ne possono contenere fino al 18%;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superleghe" class="mw-redirect" title="Superleghe">superleghe</a> contenenti questo metallo sono usate in pale di <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbine</a>, utensili d'acciaio e parti meccaniche o rivestimenti resistenti all'<a href="/wiki/Usura_(metallurgia)" title="Usura (metallurgia)">usura</a>;</li> <li>materiali compositi di tungsteno sono usati al posto del <a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">piombo</a> in alcuni tipi di <a href="/wiki/Munizione" title="Munizione">munizioni</a> per <a href="/wiki/Arma_da_fuoco" title="Arma da fuoco">armi da fuoco</a>.</li> <li>composti chimici del tungsteno si usano in <a href="/wiki/Catalizzatore" title="Catalizzatore">catalizzatori</a>, pigmenti inorganici e <a href="/wiki/Lubrificante" title="Lubrificante">lubrificanti</a> ad alta temperatura (disolfuro di tungsteno), stabili fino a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002773150000000000♠"></span>500 <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a></span>;</li> <li>poiché il coefficiente di <a href="/wiki/Dilatazione_termica" title="Dilatazione termica">dilatazione termica</a> del tungsteno è molto vicino a quello del <a href="/wiki/Vetro" title="Vetro">vetro</a> e al <a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">boro</a> silicato, si usa il tungsteno per giunture stagne vetro-metallo;</li> <li>si usa per <a href="/wiki/Penetratore_a_energia_cinetica" title="Penetratore a energia cinetica">penetratori a energia cinetica</a> come alternativa all'<a href="/wiki/Uranio_impoverito" title="Uranio impoverito">uranio impoverito</a>;</li> <li>è utilizzato in saldatura in lega col <a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio">torio</a> per elettrodi che non fondono alla temperatura dell'<a href="/wiki/Ionizzazione_dei_gas" title="Ionizzazione dei gas">arco voltaico</a>;</li> <li>è utilizzato come materiale di contatto col <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">plasma</a> in impianti di <a href="/wiki/Fusione_nucleare" title="Fusione nucleare">fusione nucleare</a>;</li> <li>data la sua grande capacità di schermare le radiazioni (10 volte superiore a quella del piombo) viene utilizzato in applicazioni ove sia richiesta una buona capacità di assorbimento congiunta a dimensioni ridotte. Esso è inoltre lavorabile con più facilità del piombo ed è meno inquinante e più resistente (caratteristiche che ne rendono possibile l'uso sottomarino);</li> <li>sotto forma di politungstato di sodio è utilizzato come liquido pesante per valutare la densità dei materiali, in particolare per valutazioni gemmologiche;</li> <li>è utilizzato nelle frese chirurgiche per osso e dentali, nella forma di <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_tungsteno" title="Carburo di tungsteno">carburo di tungsteno</a>;</li> <li>è largamente utilizzato negli utensili per asportazione di truciolo nella forma di <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_tungsteno" title="Carburo di tungsteno">carburo di tungsteno</a> sinterizzato noto con la denominazione di <a href="/wiki/Widia" title="Widia">Widia</a>;</li> <li>in campo medico e nella <a href="/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia">radioterapia</a> viene utilizzato per la produzione di raggi X con il <a href="/wiki/Tubo_radiogeno" title="Tubo radiogeno">tubo radiogeno</a>. In particolare il <a href="/wiki/Collimatore" title="Collimatore">collimatore <i>multilamellare</i></a> è fabbricato in lega di tungsteno.</li></ul> <p>Si sta valutando la possibilità di utilizzare il tungsteno al posto del <a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">piombo</a> per realizzare i corpetti di protezione dalle radiazioni, utilizzati in <a href="/wiki/Radiologia" title="Radiologia">radiologia</a>; </p> <ul><li>sotto forma di pasta di tungsteno di alta densità è utilizzata nella pesca sportiva per bilanciare esche e terminali e, inoltre, rende il filo da pesca affondante se fatto passare dentro questa pasta durante l'imbobinamento.</li></ul> <p>Altri vari usi marginali: gli ossidi di tungsteno si usano nei rivestimenti ceramici, e i tungstati di <a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)">calcio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">magnesio</a> sono usati diffusamente nelle lampade fluorescenti. Questo metallo si usa anche nei bersagli per <a href="/wiki/Raggi_X" title="Raggi X">raggi X</a> e negli elementi riscaldanti per forni elettrici. Sali contenenti tungsteno sono usati in chimica e per la <a href="/wiki/Concia" title="Concia">concia</a> delle pelli. I <i>bronzi</i> al tungsteno (ossidi colorati di tungsteno) sono pigmenti usati, con altri composti, nelle vernici e nei colori. A partire dagli anni 2000 viene utilizzato in alternativa al piombo per il caricamento di munizioni da caccia. </p><p>Il tungsteno è utilizzato anche nella fabbricazione di bigiotteria e gioielleria, per la sua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipoallergenico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipoallergenico (la pagina non esiste)">ipoallergenicità</a> e per la capacità, dovuta alla sua estrema durezza, di mantenersi lucido molto più a lungo di qualunque altro metallo.<sup id="cite_ref-altervista_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-altervista-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A causa del peso specifico simile all'oro, viene a volte usato dai falsari per produrre lingotti falsi, costituiti da un'anima di tungsteno ricoperta d'oro. </p><p>Immerso in atmosfera di <a href="/wiki/Azoto_liquido" title="Azoto liquido">azoto liquido</a> insieme a scariche elettriche ad alta tensione, il tungsteno si appuntisce fino ad arrivare ad una punta con lo spessore di un singolo atomo. Potrebbe essere usato per <a href="/wiki/Microscopio_a_effetto_tunnel" title="Microscopio a effetto tunnel">microscopi ad effetto tunnel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-altervista_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-altervista-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La sua esistenza fu ipotizzata per la prima volta nel <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a> da <a href="/wiki/Peter_Woulfe" title="Peter Woulfe">Peter Woulfe</a>, che esaminando la wolframite dedusse che doveva contenere un nuovo elemento. Nel <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Scheele" title="Carl Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> verificò che dalla <a href="/wiki/Tungstenite" title="Tungstenite">tungstenite</a> si poteva produrre un nuovo acido, che chiamarono <i>acido tungstico</i>. Scheele e <a href="/wiki/Torbern_Olof_Bergman" title="Torbern Olof Bergman">Torbern Bergman</a> ipotizzarono quindi che dalla <a href="/wiki/Riduzione_(chimica)" title="Riduzione (chimica)">riduzione</a> dell'acido tungstico si sarebbe potuto isolare un nuovo metallo. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a> gli spagnoli <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Delhuyar" title="Juan José Delhuyar">Juan José Delhuyar</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Delhuyar" title="Fausto Delhuyar">Fausto Delhuyar</a> ottennero dalla wolframite un acido identico all'acido tungstico e più tardi nello stesso anno isolarono il tungsteno metallico riducendo l'acido tungstico con il carbone. A loro è quindi accreditata la scoperta dell'elemento. </p><p>Durante la <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a> il tungsteno giocò un grande ruolo economico e politico. Il <a href="/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo">Portogallo</a>, principale produttore europeo di wolframite subì pressioni da entrambi i fronti; date le sue proprietà meccaniche e la sua resistenza il tungsteno è un metallo ideale per la produzione di armi, specialmente proiettili perforanti in grado di penetrare anche le blindature più solide<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificazione_delle_leghe">Classificazione delle leghe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Classificazione delle leghe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Classificazione delle leghe"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Gruppo uno</b>: comprende leghe di tungsteno fuse ad arco pure o legate con renio o molibdeno.</li> <li><b>Gruppo due</b>: tungsteno di purezza commerciale, con grani equiassici e temperatura di ricristallizzazione dipendente dalla dimensione dei grani stessi.</li> <li><b>Gruppo tre</b>: comprende le leghe di tungsteno drogato con alluminio, potassio e silicio adatte alla produzione di filamenti perché a grani orientati (AKS) e leghe pure indurite con dispersioni di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossido_di_torio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossido di torio (la pagina non esiste)">ossido di torio</a>, caratterizzate da un alto grado di emissione termoionica.<br />Ultimamente, a causa della nota radioattività del torio, si preferisce sostituire tali leghe con altre contenenti ossidi di terre rare (principalmente ittrio e cesio) e zirconio.</li> <li>Esistono poi leghe definite <b>Tungsten Heavy-Metal Alloys</b>, o WHAs, adatte per applicazioni massive quali contrappesi, zavorre, componenti per giroscopi e componenti per schermature anti radiazioni.<br />I principali agenti leganti sono <a href="/wiki/Metalli_del_blocco_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalli del blocco d">metalli di transizione</a> ad alto peso molecolare quali molibdeno, nichel, ferro, cobalto e più raramente rame. Essi portano ad un indurimento per soluzione solida e il cobalto, in aggiunta al nichel, porta a un indurimento per precipitazione di composti intermetallici (principalmente Co<sub>3</sub>W), soprattutto dopo un trattamento di invecchiamento.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruolo_biologico">Ruolo biologico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Ruolo biologico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ruolo biologico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gli <a href="/wiki/Enzima" title="Enzima">enzimi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ossidoreduttasi" title="Ossidoreduttasi">ossidoreduttasi</a> fanno uso di tungsteno in complessi tungsteno-<a href="/wiki/Pterina" title="Pterina">pterina</a>, in modo simile a quanto avviene con il <a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">molibdeno</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disponibilità"><span id="Disponibilit.C3.A0"></span>Disponibilità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Disponibilità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Disponibilità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tungsteno si trova nei minerali wolframite (tungstato di <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>; FeWO<sub>4</sub>/MnWO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">scheelite</a> (tungstato di <a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)">calcio</a>, CaWO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Ferberite" title="Ferberite">ferberite</a> e <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCbnerite" title="Hübnerite">hübnerite</a>. </p><p>Importanti giacimenti di questi minerali si trovano in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portogallo" title="Portogallo">Portogallo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Sud" title="Corea del Sud">Corea del Sud</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>); la <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> produce il 75% della produzione mondiale. </p><p>Industrialmente viene prodotto per riduzione dell'ossido di tungsteno con <a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a> o <a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">carbonio</a>. </p><p>In natura il Tungsteno (dove non si trova libero, ma in composti di norma corrispondenti al suo <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">stato di ossidazione</a> +6) è un elemento relativamente raro costituendo circa il 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup>% della crosta terrestre </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composti">Composti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Composti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Composti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il più comune <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">stato d'ossidazione</a> del tungsteno nei suoi composti è +6, benché nella gamma dei suoi composti presenta tutti i numeri di ossidazione compresi tra −2 e +6. Tipicamente si combina con l'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> a dare l'ossido tungstico, WO<sub>3</sub>, che si scioglie in <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzioni</a> <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acquose</a> <a href="/wiki/Base_(chimica)" title="Base (chimica)">alcaline</a> trasformandosi in <a href="/wiki/Ione" title="Ione">ione</a> tungstato WO<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">2−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">4</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poliossoanioni_acquosi">Poliossoanioni acquosi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Poliossoanioni acquosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Poliossoanioni acquosi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le soluzioni acquose di tungstato sono note per formare poliossoanioni in ambiente neutro o acido. A mano a mano che l'acidità aumenta, lo ione tungstato dapprima si converte nell'anione solubile, metastabile, <i>paratungstato A</i>, W<sub>7</sub>O<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">6−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">24</span></span>, che in tempi dell'ordine delle ore o dei giorni si converte nel meno solubile <i>paratungstato B</i>, H<sub>2</sub>W<sub>12</sub>O<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">10−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">42</span></span>. </p><p>Un'ulteriore acidificazione produce, a raggiungimento dell'<a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_chimico" title="Equilibrio chimico">equilibrio</a>, l'anione <i>metatungstato</i>, H<sub>2</sub>W<sub>12</sub>O<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">6−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">40</span></span>, molto solubile. Lo ione metatungstato ha la geometria di un aggregato simmetrico composto da dodici ottaedri di ossigeno e tungsteno, noto come <i>anione di Keggin</i>. </p><p>Molti altri poliossoanioni esistono come specie metastabili. L'inclusione di un atomo diverso, come ad esempio il fosforo, al posto degli idrogeni centrali del metatungstato produce un'ampia gamma di cosiddetti <i>eteropolianioni</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopi">Isotopi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Isotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Isotopi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tungsteno in natura si presenta come una miscela di cinque <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopi</a>, di cui quattro sono <a href="/wiki/Isotopo_stabile" title="Isotopo stabile">stabili</a>; <sup>182</sup>W, <sup>183</sup>W, <sup>184</sup>W, <sup>186</sup>W. L'isotopo <sup>180</sup>W è invece instabile, ma la sua <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> è talmente lunga da poter essere considerato stabile a tutti gli effetti pratici. Sono noti altri 27 <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">isotopi radioattivi</a>, di cui i più stabili sono <sup>181</sup>W (emivita di 121,2 giorni), <sup>185</sup>W (75,1 giorni), <sup>188</sup>W (69,4 giorni) e <sup>178</sup>W (21,6 giorni). Tutti gli altri isotopi hanno emivite inferiori alle 24 ore e la maggior parte di essi inferiore a 8 minuti. Il tungsteno ha inoltre 4 <a href="/wiki/Isomeria_nucleare" title="Isomeria nucleare">stati metastabili</a>, di cui il più stabile è <sup>179 m</sup>W (emivita: 6,4 minuti). Gli isotopi del tungsteno hanno <a href="/wiki/Peso_atomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Peso atomico">pesi atomici</a> compresi tra <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002157974000000000♠"></span>157,974 <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_massa_atomica" title="Unità di massa atomica">u</a></span> (<sup>158</sup>W) e 189,963 u (<sup>190</sup>W). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effetti_sulla_salute">Effetti sulla salute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Effetti sulla salute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Effetti sulla salute"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tossicità_acuta"><span id="Tossicit.C3.A0_acuta"></span>Tossicità acuta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Tossicità acuta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Tossicità acuta"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tungsteno causa <a href="/wiki/Convulsione" title="Convulsione">attacchi convulsivi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Insufficienza_renale" title="Insufficienza renale">insufficienza renale</a> con <a href="/wiki/Necrosi_tubulare_acuta" title="Necrosi tubulare acuta">necrosi tubulare acuta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Acido_tungstico" title="Acido tungstico">acido tungstico</a> è utilizzato in laboratorio per generare crisi convulsive. </p><p>Benché i suoi composti siano sospetti di tossicità, una relazione tra il tungsteno e l'insorgere della <a href="/wiki/Leucemia" title="Leucemia">leucemia</a> non è stata ancora dimostrata. È invece stato provato da almeno uno studio scientifico condotto su cavie animali il collegamento tra il <a href="/wiki/Rabdomiosarcoma" title="Rabdomiosarcoma">rabdomiosarcoma</a> e l'amalgama di tungsteno depositata nei muscoli, eventualità possibile nel caso di contatto con armi e proiettili speciali.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.it/periodica/elementi/w.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lenntech.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 27 aprile 2013</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFTavola_periodica_e_proprietà_degli_elementi">Tavola periodica e proprietà degli elementi</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/tungsteno">Tungsteno > significato - Dizionario italiano De Mauro</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/wolframio"><span style="font-style:italic;">Wolframio</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">dizionario.internazionale.it</span>, Il Nuovo De Mauro. <small>URL consultato il 18 settembre 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Hitoshi Nakajima, Tetsuichi Kudo e Noritaka Mizuno, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cl/26/8/26_693/_article"><span style="font-style:italic;">Reaction of Tungsten Metal Powder with Hydrogen Peroxide to Form Peroxo Tungstates, An Useful Precursor of Proton Conductor</span></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Chemistry Letters</span>, vol. 26, n. 8, 1997, p. 693.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) P.C. Murau, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac60176a021"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dissolution of Tungsten by Hydrogen Peroxide</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Anal. Chem.</span>, 1961 33 (8), pp. 1125–1126.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-altervista-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-altervista_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-altervista_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tavolaperiodica.altervista.org/gruppo.6b/tungsteno.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">tavolaperiodica.altervista.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 agosto 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Alessandro Giraudo, <i>Storie straordinarie delle materie prime</i>, 2019, pag.220 <i>Il tungsteno: dal "fior di pesco" a metallo essenziale per la guerra</i>, trad. Sara Principe, add editore, Torino , <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788867832361" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978 88 6783 236 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Marquet P, François B, Vignon P, Lachâtre G. <i>A soldier who had seizures after drinking quarter of a litre of wine.</i>(Limoges, France) Lancet. 1996 Oct 19;348(9034):1070. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8874460">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8874460</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Comment in: Lison D, Buchet JP, Hoet P. <i>Toxicity of tungsten.</i> Lancet. 1997 Jan 4;349(9044):58-9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8988138">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8988138</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Marquet P, François B, Lotfi H, Turcant A, Debord J, Nedelec G, Lachâtre G. <i>Tungsten determination in biological fluids, hair and nails by plasma emission spectrometry in a case of severe acute intoxication in man.</i> J Forensic Sci. 1997 May;42 (3):527-30.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144946">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144946</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005130446/http://www.afrri.usuhs.mil/www/outreach/pdf/tungsten_cancer.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copia archiviata</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">afrri.usuhs.mil</span>. <small>URL consultato il 16 ottobre 2006</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.afrri.usuhs.mil/www/outreach/pdf/tungsten_cancer.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 5 ottobre 2006)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Francesco Borgese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=9uNyAAAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gli elementi della tavola periodica. Rinvenimento, proprietà, usi. Prontuario chimico, fisico, geologico</span></a>, Roma, CISU, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1">88-7975-077-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTavola_periodica_e_proprietà_degli_elementi" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> R. Barbucci, A. Sabatini e P. Dapporto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022060832/http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tavola periodica e proprietà degli elementi</span></a>, Firenze, Edizioni V. Morelli, 1998 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html">url originale</abbr> il 22 ottobre 2010)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tungsteno" class="extiw" title="q:Tungsteno">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/tungsteno" class="extiw" title="wikt:tungsteno">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Tungsten"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tungsten?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sul <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tungsteno" class="extiw" title="q:Tungsteno">tungsteno</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/tungsteno" class="extiw" title="wikt:tungsteno">tungsteno</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tungsten?uselang=it">tungsteno</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsteno&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tungsteno"><span style="font-style:italic;">tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/tungsten-chemical-element"><span style="font-style:italic;">tungsten</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_canadese" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tungsten/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_canadese" title="Enciclopedia canadese">Enciclopedia canadese</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743#P5395" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051201034220/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/74.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">periodic.lanl.gov</span>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>. <small>URL consultato il 24 aprile 2005</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/74.html">url originale</abbr> il 1º dicembre 2005)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/W/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">WebElements.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/W.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404124542/http://www.sciencelab.com/data/elements/W.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ScienceLab.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 aprile 2005</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.sciencelab.com/data/elements/W.shtml">url originale</abbr> il 4 aprile 2005)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100318130416/http://www.pniok.de/w.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Immagini dalla collezione di Heinrich Pniok</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">pniok.de</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 aprile 2005</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.pniok.de/w.htm">url originale</abbr> il 18 marzo 2010)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metallirari.com/la-sorprendente-storia-del-tungsteno"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tungsteno</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">metallirari.com</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Elementi_chimici"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elementi_chimici" title="Template:Elementi chimici"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Elementi_chimici" title="Discussioni template:Elementi chimici"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Elementi_chimici&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi">Tavola periodica degli elementi</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0; width:20px"><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">H</a></td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD; width:20px"><a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">He</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">Li</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio">Be</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">B</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">C</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">N</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">O</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro">F</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Na</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">Mg</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio">Al</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio">Si</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">P</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Zolfo" title="Zolfo">S</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">K</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)">Ca</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandio" title="Scandio">Sc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio">V</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo">Cr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">Fe</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">Co</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">Ni</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">Cu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">Zn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Gallio (elemento chimico)">Ga</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Ge</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenico" title="Arsenico">As</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Selenio" title="Selenio">Se</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">Br</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">Rb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Stronzio" title="Stronzio">Sr</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio">Y</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconio" title="Zirconio">Zr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio">Nb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">Mo</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tecnezio" title="Tecnezio">Tc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio">Ru</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio">Rh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Palladio (elemento chimico)">Pd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argento" title="Argento">Ag</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cadmio" title="Cadmio">Cd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indio" title="Indio">In</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Stagno_(elemento_chimico)" title="Stagno (elemento chimico)">Sn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Sb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Tellurio" title="Tellurio">Te</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio">I</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">Xe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesio" title="Cesio">Cs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Ba</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantanio" title="Lantanio">La</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio">Ce</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio">Pr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodimio" title="Neodimio">Nd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promezio" title="Promezio">Pm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samario" title="Samario">Sm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europio" title="Europio">Eu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio">Gd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbio" title="Terbio">Tb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Disprosio" title="Disprosio">Dy</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Olmio" title="Olmio">Ho</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio">Er</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio">Tm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Itterbio" title="Itterbio">Yb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutezio" title="Lutezio">Lu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio">Hf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalio" title="Tantalio">Ta</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio">Re</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio">Os</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio">Ir</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platino" title="Platino">Pt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">Au</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">Hg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio">Tl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">Pb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio">Po</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato">At</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio">Fr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)">Ra</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Attinio" title="Attinio">Ac</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio">Th</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio">Pa</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">U</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nettunio" title="Nettunio">Np</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">Pu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americio" title="Americio">Am</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio">Cm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio">Bk</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio">Cf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio">Es</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio">Fm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio">Md</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio">No</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio">Lr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio">Rf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio">Db</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio">Sg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio">Bh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio">Hs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio">Mt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio">Ds</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio">Rg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio">Cn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio">Nh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio">Fl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio">Mc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">Lv</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso">Ts</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio">Uue</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio">Ubn</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC; width:20px">Ubu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ube</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uth</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uts</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uto</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ute</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqe</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upt</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> Suddivisioni della tavola periodica: <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">Periodi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">Blocchi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">Metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metalloide" title="Metalloide">Metalloidi</a> (semimetalli)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Non_metallo" title="Non metallo">Non metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Attinoidi" title="Attinoidi">Attinoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_transuranici" title="Elementi transuranici">Elementi transuranici</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85138607">sh85138607</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4066862-9">4066862-9</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119624073">cb119624073</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119624073">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007556048605171">987007556048605171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572649">00572649</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style 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