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All Rights Reserved. * * Licensed under the W3C SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENT NOTICE AND LICENSE. * * https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document * */ (function() { 'use strict'; // Exit early if we're not running in a browser. if (typeof window !== 'object') { return; } // Exit early if all IntersectionObserver and IntersectionObserverEntry // features are natively supported. if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in window && 'intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { // Minimal polyfill for Edge 15's lack of `isIntersecting` // See: https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/211 if (!('isIntersecting' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { Object.defineProperty(window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype, 'isIntersecting', { get: function () { return this.intersectionRatio > 0; } }); } return; } /** * Returns the embedding frame element, if any. * @param {!Document} doc * @return {!Element} */ function getFrameElement(doc) { try { return doc.defaultView && doc.defaultView.frameElement || null; } catch (e) { // Ignore the error. return null; } } /** * A local reference to the root document. */ var document = (function(startDoc) { var doc = startDoc; var frame = getFrameElement(doc); while (frame) { doc = frame.ownerDocument; frame = getFrameElement(doc); } return doc; })(window.document); /** * An IntersectionObserver registry. This registry exists to hold a strong * reference to IntersectionObserver instances currently observing a target * element. Without this registry, instances without another reference may be * garbage collected. */ var registry = []; /** * The signal updater for cross-origin intersection. When not null, it means * that the polyfill is configured to work in a cross-origin mode. * @type {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ var crossOriginUpdater = null; /** * The current cross-origin intersection. Only used in the cross-origin mode. * @type {DOMRect|ClientRect} */ var crossOriginRect = null; /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserverEntry constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-entry * @param {Object} entry A dictionary of instance properties. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserverEntry(entry) { this.time = entry.time; this.target = entry.target; this.rootBounds = ensureDOMRect(entry.rootBounds); this.boundingClientRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.boundingClientRect); this.intersectionRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.intersectionRect || getEmptyRect()); this.isIntersecting = !!entry.intersectionRect; // Calculates the intersection ratio. var targetRect = this.boundingClientRect; var targetArea = targetRect.width * targetRect.height; var intersectionRect = this.intersectionRect; var intersectionArea = intersectionRect.width * intersectionRect.height; // Sets intersection ratio. if (targetArea) { // Round the intersection ratio to avoid floating point math issues: // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/324 this.intersectionRatio = Number((intersectionArea / targetArea).toFixed(4)); } else { // If area is zero and is intersecting, sets to 1, otherwise to 0 this.intersectionRatio = this.isIntersecting ? 1 : 0; } } /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserver constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-interface * @param {Function} callback The function to be invoked after intersection * changes have queued. The function is not invoked if the queue has * been emptied by calling the `takeRecords` method. * @param {Object=} opt_options Optional configuration options. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserver(callback, opt_options) { var options = opt_options || {}; if (typeof callback != 'function') { throw new Error('callback must be a function'); } if ( options.root && options.root.nodeType != 1 && options.root.nodeType != 9 ) { throw new Error('root must be a Document or Element'); } // Binds and throttles `this._checkForIntersections`. this._checkForIntersections = throttle( this._checkForIntersections.bind(this), this.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT); // Private properties. this._callback = callback; this._observationTargets = []; this._queuedEntries = []; this._rootMarginValues = this._parseRootMargin(options.rootMargin); // Public properties. this.thresholds = this._initThresholds(options.threshold); this.root = options.root || null; this.rootMargin = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin) { return margin.value + margin.unit; }).join(' '); /** @private @const {!Array<!Document>} */ this._monitoringDocuments = []; /** @private @const {!Array<function()>} */ this._monitoringUnsubscribes = []; } /** * The minimum interval within which the document will be checked for * intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT = 100; /** * The frequency in which the polyfill polls for intersection changes. * this can be updated on a per instance basis and must be set prior to * calling `observe` on the first target. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.POLL_INTERVAL = null; /** * Use a mutation observer on the root element * to detect intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER = true; /** * Sets up the polyfill in the cross-origin mode. The result is the * updater function that accepts two arguments: `boundingClientRect` and * `intersectionRect` - just as these fields would be available to the * parent via `IntersectionObserverEntry`. This function should be called * each time the iframe receives intersection information from the parent * window, e.g. via messaging. * @return {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ IntersectionObserver._setupCrossOriginUpdater = function() { if (!crossOriginUpdater) { /** * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} boundingClientRect * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} intersectionRect */ crossOriginUpdater = function(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect) { if (!boundingClientRect || !intersectionRect) { crossOriginRect = getEmptyRect(); } else { crossOriginRect = convertFromParentRect(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect); } registry.forEach(function(observer) { observer._checkForIntersections(); }); }; } return crossOriginUpdater; }; /** * Resets the cross-origin mode. */ IntersectionObserver._resetCrossOriginUpdater = function() { crossOriginUpdater = null; crossOriginRect = null; }; /** * Starts observing a target element for intersection changes based on * the thresholds values. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.observe = function(target) { var isTargetAlreadyObserved = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { return item.element == target; }); if (isTargetAlreadyObserved) { return; } if (!(target && target.nodeType == 1)) { throw new Error('target must be an Element'); } this._registerInstance(); this._observationTargets.push({element: target, entry: null}); this._monitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); this._checkForIntersections(); }; /** * Stops observing a target element for intersection changes. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.unobserve = function(target) { this._observationTargets = this._observationTargets.filter(function(item) { return item.element != target; }); this._unmonitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); if (this._observationTargets.length == 0) { this._unregisterInstance(); } }; /** * Stops observing all target elements for intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.disconnect = function() { this._observationTargets = []; this._unmonitorAllIntersections(); this._unregisterInstance(); }; /** * Returns any queue entries that have not yet been reported to the * callback and clears the queue. This can be used in conjunction with the * callback to obtain the absolute most up-to-date intersection information. * @return {Array} The currently queued entries. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.takeRecords = function() { var records = this._queuedEntries.slice(); this._queuedEntries = []; return records; }; /** * Accepts the threshold value from the user configuration object and * returns a sorted array of unique threshold values. If a value is not * between 0 and 1 and error is thrown. * @private * @param {Array|number=} opt_threshold An optional threshold value or * a list of threshold values, defaulting to [0]. * @return {Array} A sorted list of unique and valid threshold values. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._initThresholds = function(opt_threshold) { var threshold = opt_threshold || [0]; if (!Array.isArray(threshold)) threshold = [threshold]; return threshold.sort().filter(function(t, i, a) { if (typeof t != 'number' || isNaN(t) || t < 0 || t > 1) { throw new Error('threshold must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusively'); } return t !== a[i - 1]; }); }; /** * Accepts the rootMargin value from the user configuration object * and returns an array of the four margin values as an object containing * the value and unit properties. If any of the values are not properly * formatted or use a unit other than px or %, and error is thrown. * @private * @param {string=} opt_rootMargin An optional rootMargin value, * defaulting to '0px'. * @return {Array<Object>} An array of margin objects with the keys * value and unit. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._parseRootMargin = function(opt_rootMargin) { var marginString = opt_rootMargin || '0px'; var margins = marginString.split(/\s+/).map(function(margin) { var parts = /^(-?\d*\.?\d+)(px|%)$/.exec(margin); if (!parts) { throw new Error('rootMargin must be specified in pixels or percent'); } return {value: parseFloat(parts[1]), unit: parts[2]}; }); // Handles shorthand. margins[1] = margins[1] || margins[0]; margins[2] = margins[2] || margins[0]; margins[3] = margins[3] || margins[1]; return margins; }; /** * Starts polling for intersection changes if the polling is not already * happening, and if the page's visibility state is visible. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._monitorIntersections = function(doc) { var win = doc.defaultView; if (!win) { // Already destroyed. return; } if (this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc) != -1) { // Already monitoring. return; } // Private state for monitoring. var callback = this._checkForIntersections; var monitoringInterval = null; var domObserver = null; // If a poll interval is set, use polling instead of listening to // resize and scroll events or DOM mutations. if (this.POLL_INTERVAL) { monitoringInterval = win.setInterval(callback, this.POLL_INTERVAL); } else { addEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); addEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (this.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER && 'MutationObserver' in win) { domObserver = new win.MutationObserver(callback); domObserver.observe(doc, { attributes: true, childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true }); } } this._monitoringDocuments.push(doc); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.push(function() { // Get the window object again. When a friendly iframe is destroyed, it // will be null. var win = doc.defaultView; if (win) { if (monitoringInterval) { win.clearInterval(monitoringInterval); } removeEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); } removeEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (domObserver) { domObserver.disconnect(); } }); // Also monitor the parent. var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._monitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorIntersections = function(doc) { var index = this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc); if (index == -1) { return; } var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; // Check if any dependent targets are still remaining. var hasDependentTargets = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { var itemDoc = item.element.ownerDocument; // Target is in this context. if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } // Target is nested in this context. while (itemDoc && itemDoc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(itemDoc); itemDoc = frame && frame.ownerDocument; if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } } return false; }); if (hasDependentTargets) { return; } // Unsubscribe. var unsubscribe = this._monitoringUnsubscribes[index]; this._monitoringDocuments.splice(index, 1); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.splice(index, 1); unsubscribe(); // Also unmonitor the parent. if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._unmonitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorAllIntersections = function() { var unsubscribes = this._monitoringUnsubscribes.slice(0); this._monitoringDocuments.length = 0; this._monitoringUnsubscribes.length = 0; for (var i = 0; i < unsubscribes.length; i++) { unsubscribes[i](); } }; /** * Scans each observation target for intersection changes and adds them * to the internal entries queue. If new entries are found, it * schedules the callback to be invoked. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._checkForIntersections = function() { if (!this.root && crossOriginUpdater && !crossOriginRect) { // Cross origin monitoring, but no initial data available yet. return; } var rootIsInDom = this._rootIsInDom(); var rootRect = rootIsInDom ? this._getRootRect() : getEmptyRect(); this._observationTargets.forEach(function(item) { var target = item.element; var targetRect = getBoundingClientRect(target); var rootContainsTarget = this._rootContainsTarget(target); var oldEntry = item.entry; var intersectionRect = rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(target, targetRect, rootRect); var rootBounds = null; if (!this._rootContainsTarget(target)) { rootBounds = getEmptyRect(); } else if (!crossOriginUpdater || this.root) { rootBounds = rootRect; } var newEntry = item.entry = new IntersectionObserverEntry({ time: now(), target: target, boundingClientRect: targetRect, rootBounds: rootBounds, intersectionRect: intersectionRect }); if (!oldEntry) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } else if (rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget) { // If the new entry intersection ratio has crossed any of the // thresholds, add a new entry. if (this._hasCrossedThreshold(oldEntry, newEntry)) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } else { // If the root is not in the DOM or target is not contained within // root but the previous entry for this target had an intersection, // add a new record indicating removal. if (oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } }, this); if (this._queuedEntries.length) { this._callback(this.takeRecords(), this); } }; /** * Accepts a target and root rect computes the intersection between then * following the algorithm in the spec. * TODO(philipwalton): at this time clip-path is not considered. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#calculate-intersection-rect-algo * @param {Element} target The target DOM element * @param {Object} targetRect The bounding rect of the target. * @param {Object} rootRect The bounding rect of the root after being * expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {?Object} The final intersection rect object or undefined if no * intersection is found. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._computeTargetAndRootIntersection = function(target, targetRect, rootRect) { // If the element isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (window.getComputedStyle(target).display == 'none') return; var intersectionRect = targetRect; var parent = getParentNode(target); var atRoot = false; while (!atRoot && parent) { var parentRect = null; var parentComputedStyle = parent.nodeType == 1 ? window.getComputedStyle(parent) : {}; // If the parent isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (parentComputedStyle.display == 'none') return null; if (parent == this.root || parent.nodeType == /* DOCUMENT */ 9) { atRoot = true; if (parent == this.root || parent == document) { if (crossOriginUpdater && !this.root) { if (!crossOriginRect || crossOriginRect.width == 0 && crossOriginRect.height == 0) { // A 0-size cross-origin intersection means no-intersection. parent = null; parentRect = null; intersectionRect = null; } else { parentRect = crossOriginRect; } } else { parentRect = rootRect; } } else { // Check if there's a frame that can be navigated to. var frame = getParentNode(parent); var frameRect = frame && getBoundingClientRect(frame); var frameIntersect = frame && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(frame, frameRect, rootRect); if (frameRect && frameIntersect) { parent = frame; parentRect = convertFromParentRect(frameRect, frameIntersect); } else { parent = null; intersectionRect = null; } } } else { // If the element has a non-visible overflow, and it's not the <body> // or <html> element, update the intersection rect. // Note: <body> and <html> cannot be clipped to a rect that's not also // the document rect, so no need to compute a new intersection. var doc = parent.ownerDocument; if (parent != doc.body && parent != doc.documentElement && parentComputedStyle.overflow != 'visible') { parentRect = getBoundingClientRect(parent); } } // If either of the above conditionals set a new parentRect, // calculate new intersection data. if (parentRect) { intersectionRect = computeRectIntersection(parentRect, intersectionRect); } if (!intersectionRect) break; parent = parent && getParentNode(parent); } return intersectionRect; }; /** * Returns the root rect after being expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded root rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._getRootRect = function() { var rootRect; if (this.root && !isDoc(this.root)) { rootRect = getBoundingClientRect(this.root); } else { // Use <html>/<body> instead of window since scroll bars affect size. var doc = isDoc(this.root) ? this.root : document; var html = doc.documentElement; var body = doc.body; rootRect = { top: 0, left: 0, right: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, width: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, bottom: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight, height: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight }; } return this._expandRectByRootMargin(rootRect); }; /** * Accepts a rect and expands it by the rootMargin value. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} rect The rect object to expand. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._expandRectByRootMargin = function(rect) { var margins = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin, i) { return margin.unit == 'px' ? margin.value : margin.value * (i % 2 ? rect.width : rect.height) / 100; }); var newRect = { top: rect.top - margins[0], right: rect.right + margins[1], bottom: rect.bottom + margins[2], left: rect.left - margins[3] }; newRect.width = newRect.right - newRect.left; newRect.height = newRect.bottom - newRect.top; return newRect; }; /** * Accepts an old and new entry and returns true if at least one of the * threshold values has been crossed. * @param {?IntersectionObserverEntry} oldEntry The previous entry for a * particular target element or null if no previous entry exists. * @param {IntersectionObserverEntry} newEntry The current entry for a * particular target element. * @return {boolean} Returns true if a any threshold has been crossed. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._hasCrossedThreshold = function(oldEntry, newEntry) { // To make comparing easier, an entry that has a ratio of 0 // but does not actually intersect is given a value of -1 var oldRatio = oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting ? oldEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; var newRatio = newEntry.isIntersecting ? newEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; // Ignore unchanged ratios if (oldRatio === newRatio) return; for (var i = 0; i < this.thresholds.length; i++) { var threshold = this.thresholds[i]; // Return true if an entry matches a threshold or if the new ratio // and the old ratio are on the opposite sides of a threshold. if (threshold == oldRatio || threshold == newRatio || threshold < oldRatio !== threshold < newRatio) { return true; } } }; /** * Returns whether or not the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @return {boolean} True if the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootIsInDom = function() { return !this.root || containsDeep(document, this.root); }; /** * Returns whether or not the target element is a child of root. * @param {Element} target The target element to check. * @return {boolean} True if the target element is a child of root. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootContainsTarget = function(target) { var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; return ( containsDeep(rootDoc, target) && (!this.root || rootDoc == target.ownerDocument) ); }; /** * Adds the instance to the global IntersectionObserver registry if it isn't * already present. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._registerInstance = function() { if (registry.indexOf(this) < 0) { registry.push(this); } }; /** * Removes the instance from the global IntersectionObserver registry. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unregisterInstance = function() { var index = registry.indexOf(this); if (index != -1) registry.splice(index, 1); }; /** * Returns the result of the performance.now() method or null in browsers * that don't support the API. * @return {number} The elapsed time since the page was requested. */ function now() { return window.performance && performance.now && performance.now(); } /** * Throttles a function and delays its execution, so it's only called at most * once within a given time period. * @param {Function} fn The function to throttle. * @param {number} timeout The amount of time that must pass before the * function can be called again. * @return {Function} The throttled function. */ function throttle(fn, timeout) { var timer = null; return function () { if (!timer) { timer = setTimeout(function() { fn(); timer = null; }, timeout); } }; } /** * Adds an event handler to a DOM node ensuring cross-browser compatibility. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to add the event handler to. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to add. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture Optionally adds the even to the capture * phase. Note: this only works in modern browsers. */ function addEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.addEventListener == 'function') { node.addEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.attachEvent == 'function') { node.attachEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Removes a previously added event handler from a DOM node. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to remove the event handler from. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to remove. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture If the event handler was added with this * flag set to true, it should be set to true here in order to remove it. */ function removeEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.removeEventListener == 'function') { node.removeEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.detatchEvent == 'function') { node.detatchEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Returns the intersection between two rect objects. * @param {Object} rect1 The first rect. * @param {Object} rect2 The second rect. * @return {?Object|?ClientRect} The intersection rect or undefined if no * intersection is found. */ function computeRectIntersection(rect1, rect2) { var top = Math.max(rect1.top, rect2.top); var bottom = Math.min(rect1.bottom, rect2.bottom); var left = Math.max(rect1.left, rect2.left); var right = Math.min(rect1.right, rect2.right); var width = right - left; var height = bottom - top; return (width >= 0 && height >= 0) && { top: top, bottom: bottom, left: left, right: right, width: width, height: height } || null; } /** * Shims the native getBoundingClientRect for compatibility with older IE. * @param {Element} el The element whose bounding rect to get. * @return {DOMRect|ClientRect} The (possibly shimmed) rect of the element. */ function getBoundingClientRect(el) { var rect; try { rect = el.getBoundingClientRect(); } catch (err) { // Ignore Windows 7 IE11 "Unspecified error" // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/pull/205 } if (!rect) return getEmptyRect(); // Older IE if (!(rect.width && rect.height)) { rect = { top: rect.top, right: rect.right, bottom: rect.bottom, left: rect.left, width: rect.right - rect.left, height: rect.bottom - rect.top }; } return rect; } /** * Returns an empty rect object. An empty rect is returned when an element * is not in the DOM. * @return {ClientRect} The empty rect. */ function getEmptyRect() { return { top: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, right: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }; } /** * Ensure that the result has all of the necessary fields of the DOMRect. * Specifically this ensures that `x` and `y` fields are set. * * @param {?DOMRect|?ClientRect} rect * @return {?DOMRect} */ function ensureDOMRect(rect) { // A `DOMRect` object has `x` and `y` fields. if (!rect || 'x' in rect) { return rect; } // A IE's `ClientRect` type does not have `x` and `y`. The same is the case // for internally calculated Rect objects. 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class="upper"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 16.8 16" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16.8 16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m8.4 0l-8.4 8.4h5.1v7.6h6.6v-7.6h5.1z" fill="#2a2a2a"/></svg></i></div></div></fieldset></form></div></div></div><div class="burger"><img src="/web/20220120172801im_/https://www.lexico.com/assets/oup/svg/hamburger-menu-594799c23e03196ed910c5798976a15b1779b55f9c9824608c69cf0ff6191ee8.svg" height="18" width="28" alt="menu"/><span>menu</span></div></div></div></header><div id="main"><div class="errors__container headerHead"></div><script type="application/ld+json" id="article_schema"> //<![CDATA[ {"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Calendar Of Traditions, Festivals, And Holidays In Spanish-speaking Countries","author":"Lexico.com Team","genre":"Grammar","wordcount":"1674","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Lexico.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/lexico-logo.svg"}},"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://lexico.com","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://lexico.com/explore"},"datePublished":"2019-03-26","dateCreated":"2019-03-26","dateModified":"2021-12-14","articleBody":"\u003ch3\u003e1 January\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAño Nuevo\u003c/strong\u003e (New Year´s Day). A public holiday in all Spanish-speaking countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e6 January\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de Reyes\u003c/strong\u003e (Epiphany/Twelfth Night). In many Spanish-speaking countries, this is when presents are given, rather than on Christmas Day.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e20 January\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSan Sebastián\u003c/strong\u003e (Saint Sebastian´s Day). Celebrated in Spain with parades, sporting events, and bullfights, it is also a day of celebration and dancing for the people of the Basque city that bears the name of the saint.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e2 February\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLa Candelaria\u003c/strong\u003e (Candlemas). An occasion for celebrations and parades in many Spanish-speaking countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e3 February\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiesta de San Blas\u003c/strong\u003e (patron saint of Paraguay). A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e5 February (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Constitución\u003c/strong\u003e (Constitution Day). A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e21 February (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnniversary of the birth of Benito Juárez\u003c/strong\u003e. A famous nineteenth-century statesman, who was twice president. A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e26 February\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAberri Eguna\u003c/strong\u003e Basque national day and a public holiday in the Basque country of Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e12-19 March\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLas Fallas\u003c/strong\u003e One of the best known \u003cem\u003efiestas\u003c/em\u003e in Spain. They are held in Valencia in eastern Spain. The high point of the celebration is on the last night, when the \u003cem\u003ecabezudos\u003c/em\u003e (carnival figures with large heads), which have been carefully prepared by the \u003cem\u003efalleros\u003c/em\u003e, are paraded through the streets and then burned, all this to the accompaniment of an enormous fireworks display.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e23 April\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSan Jordi\u003c/strong\u003e The feast day of Catalonia´s patron saint. According to custom, women give men books and men give women roses on this Catalan version of St Valentine´s Day.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e1 May\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía del Trabajo\u003c/strong\u003e (Labor Day). A public holiday in all Spanish-speaking countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e5 May (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCinco de mayo\u003c/strong\u003e. The anniversary of the victory of the state of Puebla against the French invasion of 1862. A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e15 May (Paraguay)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia.\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e25 May (Argentina)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe anniversary of the May revolution of 1810.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e20 June (Argentina)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Bandera\u003c/strong\u003e (Argentinian National Day). A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e(Colombia)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e24 June\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSan Juan\u003c/strong\u003e (Feast of St John). Traditionally fires are lit on the night of San Juan in order to keep away the cold of winter. In some places, people jump over the fires and in others the faithful will try to walk through them barefoot. The custom is slowly dying out, but continues in many parts of the Spanish-speaking world.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e5 July (Venezuela)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e6-14 July\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanfermines\u003c/strong\u003e The festival of \u003cem\u003eel encierro\u003c/em\u003e (the 'running of the bulls'), takes place in Pamplona in northern Spain. The animals are released into the barricaded streets and people run in front of them, in honor of the town´s patron saint, San Fermín, who was put to death by being dragged by bulls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e9 July (Argentina)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e25 July\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiesta de Santiago\u003c/strong\u003e (Feast of St James). The famous \u003cem\u003eCamino de Santiago\u003c/em\u003e, the pilgrimage of thousands of people from all over Spain and many other parts of Europe to the holy city of Santiago de Compostela, takes place in the week leading up to St James' Day, 25 July. The city also has its fiestas around this time. The streets are full of musicians and performers for two weeks of celebrations culminating in the \u003cem\u003eFestival del Apóstol\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e28 July (Peru)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e6 August (Bolivia)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e10 August (Ecuador)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimer Grito de Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday commemorating the first cry of independence in 1809.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e17 August (Argentina)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eA public holiday to celebrate the anniversary of the death of the San Martín who liberated Argentina from Spanish rule in 1816.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e25 August (Uruguay)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e11 September\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía Nacional de Cataluña\u003c/strong\u003e Calendar of traditions, festivals, and holidays Catalonian National Day and a public holiday in Catalonia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e13 September (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommemoration of the \u003cem\u003eNiños Héroes\u003c/em\u003e (child heroes) who fell while defending the castle of Chapultepec against American forces during the Mexican-American War in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e15 September (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConmemoración de la Proclamación de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e Throughout the country, at 11 o'clock at night, there is a communal shout, El Grito, in memory of Padre Hidalgo's cry of independence from the Spanish in the town of Dolores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e18 September (Chile)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Independencia\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e12 October\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Hispanidad\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday, this is also Columbus Day, which is celebrated in all Spanish-speaking countries, as well as the US, in commemoration of the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. In Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas, it is also called the Día de la Raza (literally, Day of the Race) in celebration of the mestizaje, the mingling of races, which gave birth to the populations of today.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e31 October\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTodos los Santos\u003c/strong\u003e (All Saints). People all over the Spanish-speaking world flock to the cemeteries on this and the following day \u003cem\u003eel día de los Difuntos/Muertos\u003c/em\u003e to put flowers on the graves of relatives and friends and to remember the dead. In Mexico this is an important festival in which Catholic traditions are mixed with those of pre-Hispanic religions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e10 November (Argentina)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiesta de la Tradición\u003c/strong\u003e This festival takes place throughout the country but is especially important in the town of San Antonio de Areco, near Buenos Aires. The capital also holds a festival in November, the Semana de Buenos Aires, in honor of its patron saint San Martín de Tours.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e20 November (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de la Revolución de 1910\u003c/strong\u003e A public holiday to celebrate the revolution of 1910.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e2 December (Mexico)\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVirgen de Guadalupe\u003c/strong\u003e Celebrations are held in honor of the patron saint of the country, with music and dancers, in particular the \u003cem\u003econcheros\u003c/em\u003e, who dance, wearing bells around their ankles, to the sound of stringed instruments and conches.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e25 December\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNavidad\u003c/strong\u003e (Christmas Day) A time of great religious celebration in all Spanish-speaking countries. In many places, re-enactments of the nativity are held, with a variety of traditions, parades, and costumes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e28 December\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDía de los Inocentes\u003c/strong\u003e This is the equivalent to April Fool's Day. In most Spanish-speaking countries it is a day for playing tricks on people. And if you trick someone into lending you money for that day, you keep it and tell them \u003cem\u003eque te lo paguen los Santos Inocentes\u003c/em\u003e (let the Holy Innocents pay you back).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e31 December\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLa noche de Fin de Año\u003c/strong\u003e This is often the occasion for parties, and at midnight the New Year is welcomed with much noise and merrymaking. In Spain and in many other Spanish-speaking countries, the families gather together twelve seconds before midnight \u003cem\u003epara tomar las uvas\u003c/em\u003e (to see the New Year in by eating one grape on each chime of the clock) for good luck.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMovable feasts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMartes de Carnaval\u003c/strong\u003e (Shrove Tuesday). The last Tuesday before the beginning of \u003cem\u003eCuaresma\u003c/em\u003e (Lent). \u003cem\u003eCarnaval\u003c/em\u003e is celebrated in many Spanish-speaking countries just before this date. In many places, there are masked balls and parades. The biggest in Spain are those of Cádiz, on the south coast, and Madrid, where a strange ceremony called \u003cem\u003eel entierro de la sardina\u003c/em\u003e (literally the burial of the sardine) takes place. In Mexico, the best-known are in Veracruz and Mazatlán.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePascua\u003c/strong\u003e (Easter) - \u003cstrong\u003eSemana Santa\u003c/strong\u003e (Holy Week). The week leading up to Easter Sunday is the most important time of religious celebration throughout the Spanish-speaking world. In many places, there are processions in which statues of Christ or the Virgin Mary, often covered in jewels and flowers, are carried to the church.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeria de abril\u003c/strong\u003e Seville's famous Feria de abril (April festival) takes place in the week following Easter. The site of the \u003cem\u003eferia\u003c/em\u003e is decked out with hundreds of \u003cem\u003ecasetas\u003c/em\u003e or small marquees, hired by companies or private individuals, in which people entertain, eat \u003cem\u003etapas\u003c/em\u003e, drink \u003cem\u003emanzanilla\u003c/em\u003e (a pale dry sherry), play music, and dance \u003cem\u003esevillanas\u003c/em\u003e, the popular dances of Andalucía. Many people dress up in colourful traditional costumes, some of them on horseback or in horse-drawn carriages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorpus Christi\u003c/strong\u003e Corpus Christi, 9 weeks after Easter is celebrated in most Spanish-speaking countries with religious parades.\u003c/p\u003e"} //]]> </script><div id="content"><div class="lex-container"><div class="banbox mobile_banner"><div class="container content-ban"><aside class="banner adUnit"><div id="lexi_serp_dkt_atf_728x90_10"></div><div id="lexi_serp_mweb_atf_320x50_1"></div></aside></div></div><div class="main-content"><div class="container layout"><div class="lex-content"><div class="lex-filling"><div><div class="breadcrumbs layout"><p><a href="/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/" data-behaviour="ga-event-breadcrumb" data-value="Homepage anchor">Home</a><span class="chevron"></span> <a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="secondary breadcrumb" href="/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/grammar">Grammar</a> <span class="chevron"></span> <a data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="secondary breadcrumb" href="/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/spanish-calendar">A Calendar Of Traditions, Festivals, And Holidays In Spanish-speaking Countries</a></p></div><div class="non-lexical-socials"><div class="socials"><ul><li><a class="ico-fb" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=292327308384887&display=page&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fgrammar%2Fspanish-calendar&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fgrammar%2Fspanish-calendar" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Share on Facebook" onclick="javascript:ga('send', 'event', 'share_this_entry', 'facebook', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/spanish-calendar');" data-behaviour="ga-event-entry-sharing" data-value="Facebook"><i class="transition"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 30 30" viewbox="0 0 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15 0c-8.284 0-15 6.716-15 15 0 8.285 6.716 15 15 15 8.284 0 15-6.715 15-15 0-8.284-6.716-15-15-15m3.214 15.01h-2.102c0 3.357 0 7.495 0 7.495h-3.115c0 0 0-4.095 0-7.495h-1.482v-2.647h1.482v-1.714c0-1.227.582-3.144 3.143-3.144l2.307.009v2.571c0 0-1.404 0-1.676 0-.271 0-.66.136-.66.722v1.556h2.375l-.272 2.647" fill="#37589a"/></svg></i></a></li> <li><a class="ico-tw" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=A%20Calendar%20Of%20Traditions%2C%20Festivals%2C%20And%20Holidays%20In%20Spanish-speaking%20Countries%20-%20Lexico.com&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fgrammar%2Fspanish-calendar" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Share on Twitter" onclick="javascript:ga('send', 'event', 'share_this_entry', 'twitter', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/spanish-calendar');" data-behaviour="ga-event-entry-sharing" data-value="Twitter"><i class="transition"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 30 30" viewbox="0 0 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15 0c-8.284 0-15 6.716-15 15 0 8.285 6.716 15 15 15 8.283 0 15-6.715 15-15 0-8.284-6.717-15-15-15m5.965 11.943c.006.132.001.264.001.397 0 4.066-3.095 8.755-8.757 8.755-1.738 0-3.356-.509-4.718-1.382.242.028.486.041.734.041 1.443 0 2.769-.489 3.821-1.314-1.345-.025-2.483-.916-2.874-2.136.188.033.38.053.579.053.281 0 .553-.039.81-.107-1.407-.284-2.468-1.527-2.468-3.02 0-.013 0-.026 0-.039.416.231.891.368 1.395.384-.825-.551-1.369-1.494-1.369-2.562 0-.564.152-1.093.417-1.547 1.517 1.863 3.786 3.087 6.342 3.215-.052-.226-.08-.459-.08-.701 0-1.699 1.377-3.076 3.079-3.076.885 0 1.685.374 2.246.97.699-.137 1.359-.394 1.955-.748-.232.719-.719 1.322-1.354 1.703.624-.073 1.217-.24 1.768-.483-.413.618-.936 1.16-1.536 1.595" fill="#38a8e0"/></svg></i></a></li> <li><a class="ico-lin" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120172801/https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fgrammar%2Fspanish-calendar" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Share on Linkedin+" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.href,'', 'menubar=no,toolbar=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,height=600,width=600'); 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A public holiday in all Spanish-speaking countries.</p><h3>6 January</h3><p><strong>Día de Reyes</strong> (Epiphany/Twelfth Night). In many Spanish-speaking countries, this is when presents are given, rather than on Christmas Day.</p><h3>20 January</h3><p><strong>San Sebastián</strong> (Saint Sebastian´s Day). Celebrated in Spain with parades, sporting events, and bullfights, it is also a day of celebration and dancing for the people of the Basque city that bears the name of the saint.</p><h3>2 February</h3><p><strong>La Candelaria</strong> (Candlemas). An occasion for celebrations and parades in many Spanish-speaking countries.</p><h3>3 February</h3><p><strong>Fiesta de San Blas</strong> (patron saint of Paraguay). A public holiday.</p><h3>5 February (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Constitución</strong> (Constitution Day). A public holiday.</p><h3>21 February (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Anniversary of the birth of Benito Juárez</strong>. A famous nineteenth-century statesman, who was twice president. A public holiday.</p><h3>26 February</h3><p><strong>Aberri Eguna</strong> Basque national day and a public holiday in the Basque country of Spain.</p><h3>12-19 March</h3><p><strong>Las Fallas</strong> One of the best known <em>fiestas</em> in Spain. They are held in Valencia in eastern Spain. The high point of the celebration is on the last night, when the <em>cabezudos</em> (carnival figures with large heads), which have been carefully prepared by the <em>falleros</em>, are paraded through the streets and then burned, all this to the accompaniment of an enormous fireworks display.</p><h3>23 April</h3><p><strong>San Jordi</strong> The feast day of Catalonia´s patron saint. According to custom, women give men books and men give women roses on this Catalan version of St Valentine´s Day.</p><h3>1 May</h3><p><strong>Día del Trabajo</strong> (Labor Day). A public holiday in all Spanish-speaking countries.</p><h3>5 May (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Cinco de mayo</strong>. The anniversary of the victory of the state of Puebla against the French invasion of 1862. A public holiday.</p><h3>15 May (Paraguay)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia.</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>25 May (Argentina)</h3><p>The anniversary of the May revolution of 1810.</p><h3>20 June (Argentina)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Bandera</strong> (Argentinian National Day). A public holiday.</p><h3>(Colombia)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>24 June</h3><p><strong>San Juan</strong> (Feast of St John). Traditionally fires are lit on the night of San Juan in order to keep away the cold of winter. In some places, people jump over the fires and in others the faithful will try to walk through them barefoot. The custom is slowly dying out, but continues in many parts of the Spanish-speaking world.</p><h3>5 July (Venezuela)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>6-14 July</h3><p><strong>Sanfermines</strong> The festival of <em>el encierro</em> (the 'running of the bulls'), takes place in Pamplona in northern Spain. The animals are released into the barricaded streets and people run in front of them, in honor of the town´s patron saint, San Fermín, who was put to death by being dragged by bulls.</p><h3>9 July (Argentina)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>25 July</h3><p><strong>Fiesta de Santiago</strong> (Feast of St James). The famous <em>Camino de Santiago</em>, the pilgrimage of thousands of people from all over Spain and many other parts of Europe to the holy city of Santiago de Compostela, takes place in the week leading up to St James' Day, 25 July. The city also has its fiestas around this time. The streets are full of musicians and performers for two weeks of celebrations culminating in the <em>Festival del Apóstol</em>.</p><h3>28 July (Peru)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>6 August (Bolivia)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>10 August (Ecuador)</h3><p><strong>Primer Grito de Independencia</strong> A public holiday commemorating the first cry of independence in 1809.</p><h3>17 August (Argentina)</h3><p>A public holiday to celebrate the anniversary of the death of the San Martín who liberated Argentina from Spanish rule in 1816.</p><h3>25 August (Uruguay)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>11 September</h3><p><strong>Día Nacional de Cataluña</strong> Calendar of traditions, festivals, and holidays Catalonian National Day and a public holiday in Catalonia.</p><h3>13 September (Mexico)</h3><p>Commemoration of the <em>Niños Héroes</em> (child heroes) who fell while defending the castle of Chapultepec against American forces during the Mexican-American War in 1847.</p><h3>15 September (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Conmemoración de la Proclamación de la Independencia</strong> Throughout the country, at 11 o'clock at night, there is a communal shout, El Grito, in memory of Padre Hidalgo's cry of independence from the Spanish in the town of Dolores.</p><h3>18 September (Chile)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Independencia</strong> A public holiday.</p><h3>12 October</h3><p><strong>Día de la Hispanidad</strong> A public holiday, this is also Columbus Day, which is celebrated in all Spanish-speaking countries, as well as the US, in commemoration of the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. In Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas, it is also called the Día de la Raza (literally, Day of the Race) in celebration of the mestizaje, the mingling of races, which gave birth to the populations of today.</p><h3>31 October</h3><p><strong>Todos los Santos</strong> (All Saints). People all over the Spanish-speaking world flock to the cemeteries on this and the following day <em>el día de los Difuntos/Muertos</em> to put flowers on the graves of relatives and friends and to remember the dead. In Mexico this is an important festival in which Catholic traditions are mixed with those of pre-Hispanic religions.</p><h3>10 November (Argentina)</h3><p><strong>Fiesta de la Tradición</strong> This festival takes place throughout the country but is especially important in the town of San Antonio de Areco, near Buenos Aires. The capital also holds a festival in November, the Semana de Buenos Aires, in honor of its patron saint San Martín de Tours.</p><h3>20 November (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Día de la Revolución de 1910</strong> A public holiday to celebrate the revolution of 1910.</p><h3>2 December (Mexico)</h3><p><strong>Virgen de Guadalupe</strong> Celebrations are held in honor of the patron saint of the country, with music and dancers, in particular the <em>concheros</em>, who dance, wearing bells around their ankles, to the sound of stringed instruments and conches.</p><h3>25 December</h3><p><strong>Navidad</strong> (Christmas Day) A time of great religious celebration in all Spanish-speaking countries. In many places, re-enactments of the nativity are held, with a variety of traditions, parades, and costumes.</p><h3>28 December</h3><p><strong>Día de los Inocentes</strong> This is the equivalent to April Fool's Day. In most Spanish-speaking countries it is a day for playing tricks on people. And if you trick someone into lending you money for that day, you keep it and tell them <em>que te lo paguen los Santos Inocentes</em> (let the Holy Innocents pay you back).</p><h3>31 December</h3><p><strong>La noche de Fin de Año</strong> This is often the occasion for parties, and at midnight the New Year is welcomed with much noise and merrymaking. In Spain and in many other Spanish-speaking countries, the families gather together twelve seconds before midnight <em>para tomar las uvas</em> (to see the New Year in by eating one grape on each chime of the clock) for good luck.</p><h2>Movable feasts</h2><p><strong>Martes de Carnaval</strong> (Shrove Tuesday). The last Tuesday before the beginning of <em>Cuaresma</em> (Lent). <em>Carnaval</em> is celebrated in many Spanish-speaking countries just before this date. In many places, there are masked balls and parades. The biggest in Spain are those of Cádiz, on the south coast, and Madrid, where a strange ceremony called <em>el entierro de la sardina</em> (literally the burial of the sardine) takes place. In Mexico, the best-known are in Veracruz and Mazatlán.</p><p><strong>Pascua</strong> (Easter) - <strong>Semana Santa</strong> (Holy Week). The week leading up to Easter Sunday is the most important time of religious celebration throughout the Spanish-speaking world. In many places, there are processions in which statues of Christ or the Virgin Mary, often covered in jewels and flowers, are carried to the church.</p><p><strong>Feria de abril</strong> Seville's famous Feria de abril (April festival) takes place in the week following Easter. The site of the <em>feria</em> is decked out with hundreds of <em>casetas</em> or small marquees, hired by companies or private individuals, in which people entertain, eat <em>tapas</em>, drink <em>manzanilla</em> (a pale dry sherry), play music, and dance <em>sevillanas</em>, the popular dances of Andalucía. 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