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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_with_disabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_with_disabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>People with disabilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_with_disabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Immigrants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vital statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Current vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Births and deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy_at_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Life expectancy at birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_fertility_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_fertility_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Total fertility rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_fertility_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_pyramids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_pyramids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Population pyramids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_pyramids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_(The_World_Bank)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_(The_World_Bank)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Data (The World Bank)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Data_(The_World_Bank)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Data (The World Bank) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Data_(The_World_Bank)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy_at_birth_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Life expectancy at birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortality_rate,_under-5_(deaths_per_1,000_live_births)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortality_rate,_under-5_(deaths_per_1,000_live_births)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Mortality rate, under-5 (deaths per 1,000 live births)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortality_rate,_under-5_(deaths_per_1,000_live_births)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adolescent_birth_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adolescent_birth_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Adolescent birth rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adolescent_birth_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CIA_World_Factbook_demographic_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CIA_World_Factbook_demographic_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span><i>CIA World Factbook</i> demographic statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-CIA_World_Factbook_demographic_statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>CIA World Factbook</i> demographic statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-CIA_World_Factbook_demographic_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_spread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_spread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Age spread</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_spread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_growth_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_growth_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Population growth rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_growth_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_migration_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_migration_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Net migration rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_migration_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sex_ratio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_ratio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Sex ratio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_ratio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy_at_birth_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Life expectancy at birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy_at_birth_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Literacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Thailand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سكان تايلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكان تايلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Население на Тайланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Население на Тайланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demograf%C3%ADa_de_Tailandia" title="Demografía de Tailandia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Demografía de Tailandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mographie_de_la_Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Démographie de la Thaïlande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démographie de la Thaïlande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demograf%C3%ADa_de_Tailandia" title="Demografía de Tailandia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Demografía de Tailandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="태국의 인구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태국의 인구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="थाईलैंड की जनसांख्यिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थाईलैंड की जनसांख्यिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტაილანდის დემოგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაილანდის დემოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailando_demografija" title="Tailando demografija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tailando demografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografia_da_Tail%C3%A2ndia" title="Demografia da Tailândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Demografia da Tailândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Население Таиланда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Население Таиланда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="ประชากรศาสตร์ไทย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประชากรศาสตร์ไทย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Населення Таїланду – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Населення Таїланду" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="泰國人口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泰國人口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2461493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="line-height:120%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ddddff">Demographics of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/350px-Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/525px-Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/700px-Thailand_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1777" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">66,052,615 (December 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Growth rate</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -0.14 (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Birth rate</th><td class="infobox-data">7.6 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Death rate</th><td class="infobox-data">9.0 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Life expectancy</th><td class="infobox-data">77.66 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • male</th><td class="infobox-data">74.65 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • female</th><td class="infobox-data">80.83 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fertility rate</th><td class="infobox-data">1.0 children per woman (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Infant mortality rate</th><td class="infobox-data">6.47 deaths/1,000 live births</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Net migration rate</th><td class="infobox-data">-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Age structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">0–14 years</th><td class="infobox-data">16.87%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">15–64 years</th><td class="infobox-data">71.20%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">65 and over</th><td class="infobox-data">11.93%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Sex ratio</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">At birth</th><td class="infobox-data">1.05 male(s)/female</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddddff">Nationality</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Thai</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The demographics of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> paint a statistical portrait of the national population. <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">Demography</a> includes such measures as <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> and distribution, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnicity</a>, educational levels, public health metrics, fertility, economic status, religious affiliation, and other characteristics of the populace. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg/450px-Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg/675px-Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg/900px-Population_development_in_Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Thailand's population (1951–2015).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png/220px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png/330px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png/440px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungspyramide_Thailand_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Thailand's population is mostly rural. It is concentrated in the rice growing areas of the central, northeastern, and northern regions. Its urban population—principally in greater Bangkok—was 45.7 percent of the total population in 2010 according to <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Social_Development_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="National Economic and Social Development Board">National Economic and Social Development Board</a> (NESDB). Accurate statistics are difficult to arrive at, as millions of Thai migrate from rural areas to cities, then return to their place of origin to help with seasonal field work. Officially they have rural residency, but spend most of the year in urban areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Thailand's successful government-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> program has resulted in a decline in population growth from 3.1 percent in 1960 to around 0.4 percent in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> forecasts a contraction of the working-age population of about 10 percent between 2010 and 2040.<sup id="cite_ref-WB-2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4, 6">: 4, 6 </span></sup> In 1970, an average of 5.7 people lived in a Thai household. At the time of the 2010 census, the figure was down to 3.2. Even though Thailand has one of the better social security systems in Asia, the increasing population of elderly people is a challenge for the country.<sup id="cite_ref-WB-2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> has risen, a reflection of Thailand's efforts to implement effective public health policies. The Thai <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> epidemic had a major impact on the Thai population. In 2022, over 500,000 Thai were HIV or AIDS positive, approximately 1.1% of adult men and 0.9% of adult women. Every year, 30,000–50,000 Thai die from HIV or AIDS-related illnesses. Ninety percent of them are ages 20–24, the youngest range of the workforce. An aggressive public education campaign begun in the early-1990s reduced the number of new HIV infections from 150,000 to under 10,000 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS-2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leading cause of death among the age cohort under 15 years of age: drowning. A study by the Child Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Centre of <a href="/wiki/Ramathibodi_Hospital" title="Ramathibodi Hospital">Ramathibodi Hospital</a> revealed that more than 1,400 youths under 15 years old died from drowning each year, or an average four deaths a day, becoming the top cause of deaths of children, even exceeding that of motorbike deaths. Thailand's Disease Control Department estimates that only 23 percent of Thai children under 15 can swim.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Health_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)">Public Health Ministry</a> said that from 2006 to 2015, 10,923 children drowned. Of the 8.3 million children aged 5–14 nationwide, only two million can swim, according to the Public Health Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> classifies Thailand as an "aging society" (one-tenth of the population above 60), on track to become an "aged society" (one-fifth of the population above 60) by 2025. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Thailand)#Dependent_departments" title="Ministry of Finance (Thailand)">Fiscal Policy Office</a> projects that the number of Thais aged 60-plus will increase from 14 percent in 2016 to 17.5 percent in 2020, 21.2 percent in 2025, and 25.2 percent in 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it is estimated that there are 94,000 employees aged 60 years or more in the workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic groups in Thailand</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_ethnic_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/450px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="792" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/675px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thailand_ethnic_map.svg/900px-Thailand_ethnic_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>Ethnological map of Thailand, 1974</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>'s ethnic origins are diverse and continue to evolve. The nation's ethnic makeup is obscured by the pressures of <a href="/wiki/Thaification" title="Thaification">Thaification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_nationalism" title="Thai nationalism">Thai nationalism</a>, and social pressure, which is intertwined with a <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>-like mentality assigning some groups higher social status than others. In its report to the United Nations for the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a></i>, the Thai government officially recognized 62 ethnic communities.<sup id="cite_ref-CERD/C/THA/1-3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERD/C/THA/1-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> Twenty million Central Thai (together with approximately 650,000 <a href="/wiki/Khorat_Thai" title="Khorat Thai">Khorat Thai</a>) make up approximately 20,650,000 million (34.1 percent) of the nation's population of 60,544,937<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time of completion of the Mahidol University <i>Ethnolinguistic Maps of Thailand</i> data (1997).<sup id="cite_ref-EMT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thailand's report to the UN provided population numbers for <a href="/wiki/Hill_tribe_(Thailand)" title="Hill tribe (Thailand)">mountain peoples</a> and ethnic communities in the northeast. Thus, though over 3.288 million people in the northeast alone could not be categorised, the population and percentages of other ethnic communities c. 1997 are known and constitute minimum populations. In descending order, the largest (equal to or greater than 400,000) are: </p> <ol><li>Lao (15,080,000, 24.9%) consisting of the Thai Lao<sup id="cite_ref-DraperKamnuansilpa_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DraperKamnuansilpa-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (14 million) and other smaller Lao groups, namely the Thai Loei (400–500,000), Lao Lom (350,000), Lao Wiang/Klang (200,000), Lao Khrang (90,000), Lao Ngaew (30,000), and Lao Ti (10,000)</li> <li>6 million Khon Muang (9.9%, also called Northern Thais)</li> <li>4.5 million Pak Tai (7.5%, also called Southern Thais)</li> <li>1.4 million Khmer Leu (2.3%, also called Northern Khmer)</li> <li>900,000 Malay (1.5%)</li> <li>500,000 Nyaw (0.8%)</li> <li>470,000 Phu Thai (0.8%)</li> <li>400,000 Kuy/Kuay (also known as Suay) (0.7%)</li> <li>350,000 Karen (0.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-CERD/C/THA/1-3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERD/C/THA/1-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7–13">: 7–13 </span></sup></li></ol> <p>Thailand's Ministry of Social Development and Human Security's 2015 <i>Master Plan for the Development of Ethnic Groups in Thailand 2015–2017</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> omitted the larger, ethnoregional ethnic communities, including the Central Thai majority; it therefore covers only 9.7% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a significant number of Thai-Chinese in Thailand. However, Chinese origins as evidenced by surname were erased in the 1920s by royal decree, about one-sixth of Thais may have Chinese origins.<sup id="cite_ref-West_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One scholar estimated that the Sino-Thai population, itself around 14 per cent of the total, was composed of around 56 percent <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a>, 16 percent <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, 12 percent <a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a>, 7 percent <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, 7 percent <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and 2 percent other.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant intermixing has taken place such that there are few pure ethnic Chinese, and those of partially mixed Chinese ancestry account for as much as a third to a half of the Thai population. Those assigned Thai ethnicity in the census process made up the vast majority of the population in 2010 (95.9 percent); two percent were Burmese, 1.3 percent other, and 0.9 percent unspecified.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the ethnosocial and genetic makeup situation is very different from that which is reported or self-claimed. </p><p>The vast majority of the <a href="/wiki/Isan" title="Isan">Isan</a> people, one-third of Thailand's population, are of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Lao_people#Lao_in_Thailand" title="Lao people">Lao</a><sup id="cite_ref-DraperKamnuansilpa_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DraperKamnuansilpa-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer</a> minority. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan language</a>. Additionally there have been more recent waves of immigration from Vietnam and Cambodia across porous borders due to wars and subsequent poverty over the last few decades, whose immigrants have tried to keep a low profile and blend in. </p><p>In more recent years the Isan people began mixing with the rest of the nation as urbanization and mobility increase. Myanmar's numerous ethnic wars between the army and tribes who speak more than 40 languages and control large <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefdom">fiefdoms</a> or states, has led to waves of immigrants seeking refuge or work in Thailand. The makeup of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Myanmar" title="Demographics of Myanmar">Myanmar nationals</a> is complex and includes, for example, people of Nepali ethnicity who escaped Nepal, entered Myanmar, and then emigrated to Thailand. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a>, Thailand's Department of Employment released figures showing that 408,507 legal workers from Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia worked in Thailand. An additional 1,630,279 Myanmar nationals of all ethnicities, 40,546 Laotians, and 153,683 Cambodians were without legal work authorization, but also worked and resided in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 180,000 Cambodians were said to have left Thailand post-coup due to crackdown rumors, indicating government figures were an under count.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These statistics are merely a single snapshot and hardly authoritative as there is constant movement and much eluding of authority. </p><p>The language of the central Thai population is the educational and administrative language. Other dialects of Thai exist, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Southern Thai language</a>. Several other small <a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> (not <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a>) groups include the <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu people">Lue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a>. </p><p>Malay- and Yawi-speaking Muslims of the south are another significant minority group (2.3 percent), yet there are a substantial number of ethnic Malays who speak only Thai. Other groups include the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Mon_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon (ethnic group)">Mon</a>, who are substantially assimilated with the Thai, and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a>. </p><p>Smaller <a href="/wiki/Hill_tribe_(Thailand)" title="Hill tribe (Thailand)">mountain-dwelling tribes</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mien_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mien people">Mien</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a>, number about 788,024. Some 300,000 Hmong were to have received citizenship in 2010.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Thailand is also home to more than 200,000 foreigners—retirees, extended tourists, and workers from, for example, Europe, North America, and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Bickerstaff_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bickerstaff-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand" title="Languages of Thailand">Languages of Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationality,_religion,_and_language_data_for_the_provinces_of_Thailand" title="Nationality, religion, and language data for the provinces of Thailand">Nationality, religion, and language data for the provinces of Thailand</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> is dominated by languages of the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai_languages" title="Southwestern Tai languages">Southwestern Tai</a> family. <a href="/wiki/Karen_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen languages">Karen languages</a> are spoken along the border with Burma, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> is spoken near Cambodia (and previously throughout central Thailand), and <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> in the south near Malaysia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thai_hill_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai hill tribes">Thai hill tribes</a> speak numerous small languages, many Chinese retain varieties of Chinese, and there are half a dozen <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign languages</a>. Thailand has 73 living languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows first languages in Thailand with 400,000 or more speakers according to the Royal Thai Government's 2011 Country Report to the Committee Responsible for the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CERD/C/THA/1-3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERD/C/THA/1-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Official first languages of Thailand with 400,000 or more speakers<sup id="cite_ref-CERD/C/THA/1-3_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERD/C/THA/1-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Speakers</th> <th>Language Family </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Central Thai</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">20.0 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">15.2 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_language" title="Northern Thai language">Kam Mueang</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">6.0 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Pak Tai</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">4.5 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Khmer language">Northern Khmer</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.4 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Yawi</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1.4 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngaw">Ngaw</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.5 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Phu Thai">Phu Thai</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.5 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen languages">Karen</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.4 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuy">Kuy</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">0.4 million</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The following table employs 2000 census data. Caution should be exercised with Thai census data on first language. In Thai censuses, the four largest Tai-Kadai languages of Thailand (in order, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Central Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan</a> (majority <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>), <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_language" title="Northern Thai language">Kam Mueang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Pak Tai</a>) are not provided as options for language or ethnic group. People declaring one of these as a first language, including Lao, are assigned to "Thai".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This explains the disparity between the two tables. For instance, self-reporting as Lao has been prohibited, due to the prohibition of the Lao ethnonym in the context of describing Thai citizens for approximately one hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to the promotion of "Thai" national identity to cement Siamese claims over the Lao city-states of what is now northern and northeast Thailand following the <a href="/wiki/1893_Franco-Siamese_crisis" title="1893 Franco-Siamese crisis">1893 Franco-Siamese crisis</a> and subsequent threats posed by French Indochina to the Lao tributary states of Siam. The birth of a homogenizing Thai ethnocentric national identity sufficient to begin transforming Siam from an absolute monarchy into a modern nation-state was achieved by assimilating the Lao with this Thai "identity", equivalent to what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai language family">Tai–Kadai languages</a>, under a "Greater Thai Empire", and can be traced back to at least 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This homogenization began affecting the Thai census from 1904 onwards. The 2011 UN report data is therefore more comprehensive and better differentiates between the large Tai-Kadai languages of Thailand. As a country submission to a UN convention ratified by Thailand, it is also arguably more authoritative. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population of Thailand above the age of 5 by language (UN statistics 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#e0e0e0;"> <th>Language </th> <th>Language family </th> <th>No. of speakers </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai">Tai-Kadai</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">52,325,037 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,291,024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,202,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karen language">Karen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">317,968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">231,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Miao</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">112,686 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,241 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai_languages" title="Southwestern Tai languages">Tai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai">Tai-Kadai</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38,565 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawa_language" title="Lawa language">Lawa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,583 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,037 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,476 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Yao</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,238 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmu_language" title="Khmu language">Khmu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,246 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Sanskrit Pali</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chin_Haw" title="Chin Haw">Haw Yunnanese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai language">Htin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,317 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Others </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,481 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Unknown </td> <td style="text-align:right;">325,134 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e0e0e0;"> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><b>Total</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>56,281,538</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Religion in Thailand</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a> is the official religion of Thailand. 93.5 percent are estimated to be Buddhist; 5.4 percent Muslim; 1.1 percent Christian; and 0.1 percent other or have no religion.<sup id="cite_ref-2018census_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to Malay and Yawi speaking Thai and other southerners who are Muslim, the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Cham_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham (Asia)">Cham</a> of Cambodia in recent years began a large scale influx into Thailand. The government permits religious diversity, and other major religions are represented, though there is much social tension, especially in the Muslim south. <a href="/wiki/Spirit_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit worship">Spirit worship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> are widely practiced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_with_disabilities">People with disabilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: People with disabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Thailand's Social Development and Human Security Ministry, about 1.6 million Thais have some form of disability. That amounts to 2.4% of the population of 68 million. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>physically handicapped</td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238854847">.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar{position:relative;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fff;width:100px;max-width:100%;height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-fill{position:absolute;background-color:#dbdbdb;height:1.5em;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-text{position:absolute;width:100%;height:1.5em;text-align:center;color:#000}</style><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 48%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">48%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hearing_impairment" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing impairment">hearing impairment</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 18%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">18%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">visual impairment</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 11%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">11%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorder</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 7%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">7%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IQ_classification" title="IQ classification">intellectually challenged</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 7%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">7%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.54%</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immigrants">Immigrants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Immigrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest foreign community are the Burmese, followed by the Cambodians and Laotians.<sup id="cite_ref-IPSR_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPSR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Thai government data showed that over 770,900 Cambodian migrants, meaning five percent of the total population of Cambodia, currently live in Thailand. Some NGOs estimate that the actual number may be up to one million.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laotians are particularly numerous considering the small size of Laos' population, about seven million, due to the lack of a language barrier. The Chinese expatriate employee population in Thailand, mostly Bangkok, has doubled from 2011 to 2016, making it the largest foreign community in Thailand not originating in a neighbouring country. Chinese hold 13.3 percent of all work permits issued in Thailand, an increase of almost one-fifth since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese expats are on the decline, and now rank sixth, behind Chinese and British. One in every four foreigners working in Thailand formerly were Japanese, and the figure has now dropped slightly to 22.8 percent of the foreign workforce as of late-2016.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign residents in Thailand, according to the 2010 Census. It was found that there were 2,581,141 of foreign origins, composing around 3.87 percent of Thailand's population.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migrants from <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, the most prevalent, accounted for 1.8 million foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-IPSR_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPSR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research by <a href="/wiki/Kasikorn_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasikorn Bank">Kasikorn Bank</a> estimated that in 2016, there were 68,300 foreigners over 50 years old—the minimum age for a retirement visa—holding long-stay visas living in Thailand, a 9% increase over the preceding two years. In 2018, Thailand issued almost 80,000 retirement visas, an increase of 30% from 2014, with Britons accounting for the majority of the new visas.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010 there were 27,357 Westerners living in the northeastern region, 90 percent living with Thai spouses, according to research by the College of Population Studies at <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2016, up to 145,000 Taiwanese expatriates live in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Foreign residents by country of origin 2010<sup id="cite_ref-IPSR_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPSR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Thailand" title="Burmese in Thailand">Myanmar</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,292,686 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 50%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">50.08%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">281,292 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 10%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">10.90%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">222,432 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 8%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">8.62%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">141,553 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 5%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">5.48%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">85,836 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 3%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">3.33%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Thailand" title="Japanese migration to Thailand">Japan</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">80,898 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 3%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">3.13%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">India</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">46,326 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.80%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">40,230 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.56%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">25,000 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.34%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">24,383 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.94%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">22,486 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.87%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">17,662 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.68%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">17,574 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.68%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,182 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.32%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,952 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.11%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,952 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.11%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td style="text-align: right;">174,236 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 6%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">6.75%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stateless </td> <td style="text-align: right;">117,315 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 4%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">4.54%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,147 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.08%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Total population </th> <td style="text-align: right;">2,581,141 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 100%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">100.00%</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1"> <caption>Foreign Expats by regions 2010<sup id="cite_ref-IPSR_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPSR-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Region </th> <th scope="col">Population </th> <th scope="col">Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,845,788 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 71%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">71.51%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">249,204 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 9%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">9.65%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">200,564 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 7%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">7.77%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">78,454 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 3%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">3.04%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">46,279 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 1%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">1.79%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">13,233 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.51%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_and_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Central and South America">Central and South America</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">10,608 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.41%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,166 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.32%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,634 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.26%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,749 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.11%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stateless </td> <td style="text-align: right;">117,315 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 4%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">4.54%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown </td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,147 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 0%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">0.08%</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">Total population </th> <td style="text-align: right;">2,581,141 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 100%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">100.00%</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">What do the blue figures mean?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:50pt;">Year </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Population<sup id="cite_ref-NSO-2013_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSO-2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Live births </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Deaths </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Natural change </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Crude birth rate (per 1000) </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Crude death rate (per 1000) </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Natural change (per 1000) </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Total Fertility Rate </th> <th style="width:50pt;">Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td>24,148,000 </td> <td>777,436 </td> <td>218,124 </td> <td>559,294 </td> <td>32.2 </td> <td>9.0 </td> <td>23.2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td>24,873,000 </td> <td>970,155 </td> <td>208,866 </td> <td>761,289 </td> <td>39.0 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td>30.6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td>25,619,000 </td> <td>801,380 </td> <td style="color: blue">206,129 </td> <td>595,254 </td> <td>31.3 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>23.3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td>26,388,000 </td> <td>915,538 </td> <td>221,853 </td> <td>693,685 </td> <td>34.7 </td> <td>8.4 </td> <td>26.3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td> </td> <td>813,805 </td> <td>210,709 </td> <td>603,096 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td> </td> <td>973,634 </td> <td>221,157 </td> <td>752,477 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,020,051 </td> <td>233,192 </td> <td>786,859 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,119,715 </td> <td>231,095 </td> <td>888,620 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,117,698 </td> <td>216,830 </td> <td>900,868 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,085,594 </td> <td>236,243 </td> <td>849,351 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,116,424 </td> <td>230,622 </td> <td>855,802 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,200,131 </td> <td>232,116 </td> <td>968,015 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,133,526 </td> <td>243,444 </td> <td>890,082 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,145,293 </td> <td>223,899 </td> <td>921,394 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td> <td style="color: blue">1,221,228 </td> <td>227,990 </td> <td style="color: blue">992,238 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,189,950 </td> <td>248,676 </td> <td>941,274 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,167,272 </td> <td>293,151 </td> <td>874,121 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,185,869 </td> <td>246,459 </td> <td>939,410 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,132,416 </td> <td>234,550 </td> <td>897,966 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td>43,213,706 </td> <td>1,166,292 </td> <td>237,062 </td> <td>929,230 </td> <td>27.0 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td>21.5 </td> <td>4.15 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td>44,272,693 </td> <td>1,079,331 </td> <td>236,854 </td> <td>842,477 </td> <td>24.3 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>19.0 </td> <td>3.90 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td>45,221,625 </td> <td>1,040,218 </td> <td>241,146 </td> <td>799,072 </td> <td>23.0 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>17.7 </td> <td>3.66 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>46,113,756 </td> <td>1,073,436 </td> <td>214,111 </td> <td>859,325 </td> <td>23.2 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>18.6 </td> <td>3.51 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>46,961,338 </td> <td>1,077,300 </td> <td>247,970 </td> <td>729,320 </td> <td>22.9 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>17.6 </td> <td>3.36 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>47,875,002 </td> <td>1,062,238 </td> <td>239,423 </td> <td>822,815 </td> <td>22.2 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>17.2 </td> <td>3.18 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td>48,846,927 </td> <td>1,075,632 </td> <td>247,402 </td> <td>828,230 </td> <td>22.0 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td>3.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td>49,515,074 </td> <td>1,055,802 </td> <td>252,592 </td> <td>803,210 </td> <td style="color:blue;">21.3 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td style="color: blue">16.2 </td> <td style="color:blue;">3.02 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1984 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,583,105 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">956,680 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,282 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">731,398 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.70 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1985 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,795,651 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">973,624 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,088 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">748,536 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.57 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1986 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">52,969,204 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">945,827 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">218,025 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">727,802 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.0 </td> <td style="color: blue">4.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.45 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1987 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,873,172 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">884,043 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">232,968 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">651,075 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.35 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1988 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,960,917 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">873,842 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">231,227 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">642,615 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.26 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1989 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55,888,393 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">905,837 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">246,570 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">659,267 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.18 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1990 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">56,303,273 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">956,237 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">252,512 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">703,725 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">2.11 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1991 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">56,961,030 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">960,556 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">264,350 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">696,206 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.06 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,788,965 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">964,557 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">275,313 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">689,244 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.98 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1993 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,336,072 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">957,832 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">285,731 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">672,101 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.89 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1994 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,095,419 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">960,248 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">305,526 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">654,722 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.84 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1995 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,460,382 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">963,678 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">324,842 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">638,836 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.81 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1996 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,116,182 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">983,395 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">315,467 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">667,928 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.85 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,816,227 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">880,028 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">279,090 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">600,938 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.69 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1998 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,466,178 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">862,260 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">344,210 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">518,050 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.69 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1999 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,661,701 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">774,349 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">315,550 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">382,271 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.51 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,878,746 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">773,009 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">365,741 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">407,268 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2001 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,308,887 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">790,425 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">369,493 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">420,932 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.54 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,799,872 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">782,911 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">380,364 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">402,547 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2003 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,079,765 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">742,183 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">384,131 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">358,052 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.47 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2004 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,973,621* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">813,069 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">393,592 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">419,477 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.55 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2005 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,418,054 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">809,485 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">395,374 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">414,111 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.55 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2006 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,828,706 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">793,623 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">391,126 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">402,497 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2007 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,038,247 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">797,588 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">393,255 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">404,333 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.54 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2008 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,389,730 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">784,256 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">397,326 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">386,930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2009 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,525,062 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">765,047 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">393,916 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">371,131 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.47 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,878,267 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">761,689 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">411,331 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">350,358 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2011 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,076,033 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">782,198 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">414,670 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">367,528 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.55 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2012 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,456,695 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">780,975 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">415,141 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">365,834 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.56 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2013 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,785,909 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">748,081 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">426,065 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">322,016 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.46 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2014 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,124,716 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">711,081 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">435,624 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">275,457 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.41 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2015 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,729,098 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">679,502 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">445,964 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">233,538 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.45 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2016 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,931,550 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">666,207 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">469,085 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">197,122 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.39 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2017 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,188,503 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">656,570 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">458,010 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">198,560 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.38 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-NESDB-2019_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NESDB-2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2018 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,413,979 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">628,450 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">461,818 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">166,632 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.36 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-NESDB-2019_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NESDB-2019-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2019 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:blue;">66,558,935 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">596,736 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">494,339 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">102,397 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.25 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,186,727 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">569,338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">489,717 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,621 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.18 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2021 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,171,439 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">544,570 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">563,650 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">−19,080 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">−0.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.16 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2022 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,080,812 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">502,107 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">595,965 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">−93,858 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">7.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">9.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">−1.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">1.0 (e) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2023 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,052,615 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">517,934 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">565,992 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">−48,058 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right; color:red;">-0.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.03(e) </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_vital_statistics">Current vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Live births </th> <th>Deaths </th> <th>Natural increase </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>January - October 2023</b> </td> <td>433,050 </td> <td>472,546 </td> <td>−39,496 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>January - October 2024</b> </td> <td>386,567 </td> <td>481,156 </td> <td>−94,589 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Difference</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -46,483 (-10.73%) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> +8,610 (+1.82%) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -55,093 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Births and deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Statistics for births and deaths: all figures are per year </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:50pt;">Period </th> <th style="width:60pt;">Live<br />births </th> <th style="width:60pt;">Deaths </th> <th style="width:60pt;">Natural<br />change </th> <th style="width:30pt;">CBR<sup>1</sup> </th> <th style="width:30pt;">CDR<sup>1</sup> </th> <th style="width:30pt;">NC<sup>1</sup> </th> <th style="width:30pt;">TFR<sup>1</sup> </th> <th style="width:30pt;">IMR<sup>1</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950–1955 </td> <td>940 000 </td> <td>344 000 </td> <td>596 000 </td> <td>42.5 </td> <td>15.6 </td> <td>27.0 </td> <td>6.14 </td> <td>130.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955–1960 </td> <td>1 093 000 </td> <td>348 000 </td> <td>745 000 </td> <td>43.0 </td> <td>13.7 </td> <td>29.3 </td> <td>6.14 </td> <td>108.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1965 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 249 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">353 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">896 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">90.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965–1970 </td> <td>1 386 000 </td> <td>362 000 </td> <td>1 025 000 </td> <td>40.4 </td> <td>10.5 </td> <td>29.8 </td> <td>5.99 </td> <td>75.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970–1975 </td> <td>1 371 000 </td> <td>355 000 </td> <td>1 016 000 </td> <td>34.6 </td> <td>8.9 </td> <td>25.6 </td> <td>5.05 </td> <td>63.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975–1980 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 297 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">959 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.92 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980–1985 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 201 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">300 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">901 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985–1990 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 113 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">266 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">848 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 050 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">313 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">737 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">955 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">373 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">582 000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.77 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000–2005 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.60 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–2010 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–2015 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015–2020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF80;"> <td>2020–2025 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.46 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFFF80;"> <td>2025–2030 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">-0.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.42 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>. Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Figures highlighted in yellow are projections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Life_expectancy_at_birth">Life expectancy at birth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Life expectancy at birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg/220px-Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg/330px-Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg/440px-Life_expectancy_in_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy in Thailand since 1937</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png/220px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png/330px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png/440px-Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Thailand_-diff.png 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy in Thailand since 1960 by gender</figcaption></figure> <p>Average <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">life expectancy at birth</a> of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Life<br />expectancy<br />(years) </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Life<br />expectancy<br />(years) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1950–1955 </td> <td>50.8 </td> <td>1985–1990 </td> <td>69.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955–1960 </td> <td>53.3 </td> <td>1990–1995 </td> <td>70.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1965 </td> <td>56.1 </td> <td>1995–2000 </td> <td>70.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965–1970 </td> <td>58.2 </td> <td>2000–2005 </td> <td>71.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970–1975 </td> <td>60.7 </td> <td>2005–2010 </td> <td>73.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975–1980 </td> <td>63.3 </td> <td>2010–2015 </td> <td>75.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980–1985 </td> <td>65.8 </td> <td>2015–2020 </td> <td>76.8 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Total_fertility_rate">Total fertility rate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Total fertility rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total fertility rate</a> (TFR) in Thailand by region and year:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region</th> <th>2005–06</th> <th>1995–96</th> <th>1985–86 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Thailand (total)</b></td> <td>1.471</td> <td>2.022</td> <td>2.730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Urban</i></td> <td>1.033</td> <td>1.332</td> <td>1.766 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Rural</i></td> <td>1.727</td> <td>2.285</td> <td>2.962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> Metropolis</td> <td>0.878</td> <td>1.261</td> <td>1.735 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Thailand" title="Central Thailand">Central Region</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1.190</td> <td>1.664</td> <td>2.494 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thailand" title="Northern Thailand">Northern Region</a></td> <td>1.575</td> <td>1.894</td> <td>2.248 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Thailand">Northeastern Region</a></td> <td>2.038</td> <td>2.435</td> <td>3.096 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Region</a></td> <td>1.524</td> <td>2.851</td> <td>4.049 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total fertility rate</a> (TFR) in Thailand by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">province</a> as of 2010:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Province</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total<br />fertility<br />rate</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> Metropolis</td> <td>0.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samut_Prakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samut Prakan">Samut Prakan</a></td> <td>0.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonthaburi Province">Nonthaburi</a></td> <td>1.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pathum_Thani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathum Thani Province">Pathum Thani</a></td> <td>0.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phra_Nakhon_Si_Ayutthaya_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province">Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya</a></td> <td>1.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ang_Thong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ang Thong Province">Ang Thong</a></td> <td>1.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lopburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopburi Province">Lopburi</a></td> <td>1.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sing_Buri_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sing Buri Province">Sing Buri</a></td> <td>1.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chai_Nat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chai Nat Province">Chai Nat</a></td> <td>1.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saraburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraburi Province">Saraburi</a></td> <td>1.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chonburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chonburi Province">Chonburi</a></td> <td>0.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rayong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayong Province">Rayong</a></td> <td>1.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanthaburi Province">Chanthaburi</a></td> <td>1.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Trat Province">Trat</a></td> <td>1.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chachoengsao_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chachoengsao Province">Chachoengsao</a></td> <td>1.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prachinburi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Prachinburi Province">Prachinburi</a></td> <td>1.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Nayok_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Nayok Province">Nakhon Nayok</a></td> <td>1.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa_Kaeo_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Kaeo Province">Sa Kaeo</a></td> <td>2.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Ratchasima_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Ratchasima Province">Nakhon Ratchasima</a></td> <td>1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buriram_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Buriram Province">Buriram</a></td> <td>2.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Surin Province">Surin</a></td> <td>2.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisaket_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisaket Province">Sisaket</a></td> <td>2.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubon_Ratchathani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubon Ratchathani Province">Ubon Ratchathani</a></td> <td>1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yasothon_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasothon Province">Yasothon</a></td> <td>1.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaiyaphum_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaiyaphum Province">Chaiyaphum</a></td> <td>1.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amnat_Charoen_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnat Charoen Province">Amnat Charoen</a></td> <td>1.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bueng_Kan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bueng Kan Province">Bueng Kan</a></td> <td>2.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nong_Bua_Lamphu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nong Bua Lamphu Province">Nong Bua Lamphu</a></td> <td>1.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khon_Kaen_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khon Kaen Province">Khon Kaen</a></td> <td>1.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Udon_Thani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Udon Thani Province">Udon Thani</a></td> <td>1.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loei_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Loei Province">Loei</a></td> <td>1.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nong_Khai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nong Khai Province">Nong Khai</a></td> <td>1.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maha_Sarakham_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Sarakham Province">Maha Sarakham</a></td> <td>1.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roi_Et_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Roi Et Province">Roi Et</a></td> <td>2.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalasin" title="Kalasin">Kalasin</a></td> <td>1.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakon_Nakhon" title="Sakon Nakhon">Sakon Nakhon</a></td> <td>1.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Phanom" title="Nakhon Phanom">Nakhon Phanom</a></td> <td>1.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mukdahan" title="Mukdahan">Mukdahan</a></td> <td>1.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a></td> <td>1.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamphun" title="Lamphun">Lamphun</a></td> <td>1.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lampang" title="Lampang">Lampang</a></td> <td>1.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttaradit" title="Uttaradit">Uttaradit</a></td> <td>1.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phrae" title="Phrae">Phrae</a></td> <td>1.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nan Province">Nan</a></td> <td>1.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phayao" title="Phayao">Phayao</a></td> <td>1.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Rai" title="Chiang Rai">Chiang Rai</a></td> <td>1.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mae_Hong_Son" title="Mae Hong Son">Mae Hong Son</a></td> <td>1.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Sawan" title="Nakhon Sawan">Nakhon Sawan</a></td> <td>1.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uthai_Thani" title="Uthai Thani">Uthai Thani</a></td> <td>1.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamphaeng_Phet" title="Kamphaeng Phet">Kamphaeng Phet</a></td> <td>1.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tak_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tak Province">Tak</a></td> <td>1.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhothai Province">Sukhothai</a></td> <td>1.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phitsanulok" title="Phitsanulok">Phitsanulok</a></td> <td>1.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phichit" title="Phichit">Phichit</a></td> <td>1.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phetchabun" title="Phetchabun">Phetchabun</a></td> <td>1.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ratchaburi" title="Ratchaburi">Ratchaburi</a></td> <td>1.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanchanaburi" title="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</a></td> <td>1.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suphan_Buri" title="Suphan Buri">Suphan Buri</a></td> <td>1.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Pathom" title="Nakhon Pathom">Nakhon Pathom</a></td> <td>1.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samut_Sakhon" title="Samut Sakhon">Samut Sakhon</a></td> <td>0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samut_Songkhram" title="Samut Songkhram">Samut Songkhram</a></td> <td>1.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phetchaburi" title="Phetchaburi">Phetchaburi</a></td> <td>1.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prachuap_Khiri_Khan" title="Prachuap Khiri Khan">Prachuap Khiri Khan</a></td> <td>1.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a></td> <td>1.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krabi" title="Krabi">Krabi</a></td> <td>1.68 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phang_Nga" title="Phang Nga">Phang Nga</a></td> <td>1.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phuket" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket">Phuket</a></td> <td>0.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surat_Thani" title="Surat Thani">Surat Thani</a></td> <td>1.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranong" title="Ranong">Ranong</a></td> <td>1.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chumphon" title="Chumphon">Chumphon</a></td> <td>1.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Songkhla" title="Songkhla">Songkhla</a></td> <td>1.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Satun" title="Satun">Satun</a></td> <td>1.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Trang Province">Trang</a></td> <td>1.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phatthalung" title="Phatthalung">Phatthalung</a></td> <td>1.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pattani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Province">Pattani</a></td> <td>1.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yala_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yala Province">Yala</a></td> <td>1.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Narathiwat" title="Narathiwat">Narathiwat</a></td> <td>2.00 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_pyramids">Population pyramids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Population pyramids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#EEBC35;">Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2012) (Unrevised data.)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80pt">Age group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80pt">Female </th> <th width="80pt">Total </th> <th width="80pt">% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Total </td> <td align="right">33 328 645 </td> <td align="right">34 583 075 </td> <td align="right">67 911 720 </td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–4 </td> <td align="right">2 041 071 </td> <td align="right">1 938 793 </td> <td align="right">3 979 864 </td> <td align="right">5.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5–9 </td> <td align="right">2 353 198 </td> <td align="right">2 270 890 </td> <td align="right">4 624 088 </td> <td align="right">6.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10–14 </td> <td align="right">2 438 774 </td> <td align="right">2 327 414 </td> <td align="right">4 766 188 </td> <td align="right">7.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–19 </td> <td align="right">2 593 629 </td> <td align="right">2 473 402 </td> <td align="right">5 067 031 </td> <td align="right">7.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">20–24 </td> <td align="right">2 673 846 </td> <td align="right">2 563 359 </td> <td align="right">5 237 205 </td> <td align="right">7.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">25–29 </td> <td align="right">2 673 201 </td> <td align="right">2 588 947 </td> <td align="right">5 262 148 </td> <td align="right">7.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">30–34 </td> <td align="right">2 683 015 </td> <td align="right">2 637 945 </td> <td align="right">5 320 960 </td> <td align="right">7.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">35–39 </td> <td align="right">2 673 404 </td> <td align="right">2 759 416 </td> <td align="right">5 432 820 </td> <td align="right">8.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">40–44 </td> <td align="right">2 672 891 </td> <td align="right">2 870 531 </td> <td align="right">5 543 422 </td> <td align="right">8.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">45–49 </td> <td align="right">2 574 423 </td> <td align="right">2 769 676 </td> <td align="right">5 344 099 </td> <td align="right">7.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">50–54 </td> <td align="right">2 315 177 </td> <td align="right">2 503 566 </td> <td align="right">4 818 743 </td> <td align="right">7.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">55–59 </td> <td align="right">1 854 719 </td> <td align="right">2 052 030 </td> <td align="right">3 906 749 </td> <td align="right">5.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">60–64 </td> <td align="right">1 347 251 </td> <td align="right">1 534 691 </td> <td align="right">2 881 942 </td> <td align="right">4.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65–69 </td> <td align="right">963 728 </td> <td align="right">1 154 984 </td> <td align="right">2 118 712 </td> <td align="right">3.12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">70–74 </td> <td align="right">695 434 </td> <td align="right">908 033 </td> <td align="right">1 603 467 </td> <td align="right">2.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">75–79 </td> <td align="right">451 737 </td> <td align="right">659 684 </td> <td align="right">1 111 421 </td> <td align="right">1.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">80+ </td> <td align="right">323 147 </td> <td align="right">569 714 </td> <td align="right">892 861 </td> <td align="right">1.31 </td></tr> <tr> <th width="50">Age group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80">Female </th> <th width="80">Total </th> <th width="50">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–14 </td> <td align="right">6 833 043 </td> <td align="right">6 537 097 </td> <td align="right">13 370 140 </td> <td align="right">19.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–64 </td> <td align="right">24 061 556 </td> <td align="right">24 753 563 </td> <td align="right">48 815 119 </td> <td align="right">71.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65+ </td> <td align="right">2 434 046 </td> <td align="right">3 292 415 </td> <td align="right">5 726 461 </td> <td align="right">8.43 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#EEBC35;">Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to national projections.): <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="80pt">Age Group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80pt">Female </th> <th width="80pt">Total </th> <th width="80pt">% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">Total </td> <td align="right">32 128 245 </td> <td align="right">34 406 439 </td> <td align="right">66 534 684 </td> <td align="right">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–4 </td> <td align="right">1 820 722 </td> <td align="right">1 738 061 </td> <td align="right">3 558 783 </td> <td align="right">5.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5–9 </td> <td align="right">1 928 856 </td> <td align="right">1 842 729 </td> <td align="right">3 771 584 </td> <td align="right">5.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10–14 </td> <td align="right">1 994 908 </td> <td align="right">1 899 797 </td> <td align="right">3 894 705 </td> <td align="right">5.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–19 </td> <td align="right">2 173 180 </td> <td align="right">2 087 943 </td> <td align="right">4 261 123 </td> <td align="right">6.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">20–24 </td> <td align="right">2 318 425 </td> <td align="right">2 248 622 </td> <td align="right">4 567 047 </td> <td align="right">6.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">25–29 </td> <td align="right">2 328 514 </td> <td align="right">2 291 449 </td> <td align="right">4 619 964 </td> <td align="right">6.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">30–34 </td> <td align="right">2 195 078 </td> <td align="right">2 192 481 </td> <td align="right">4 387 559 </td> <td align="right">6.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">35–39 </td> <td align="right">2 285 522 </td> <td align="right">2 332 154 </td> <td align="right">4 617 676 </td> <td align="right">6.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">40–44 </td> <td align="right">2 519 395 </td> <td align="right">2 633 740 </td> <td align="right">5 153 134 </td> <td align="right">7.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">45–49 </td> <td align="right">2 556 501 </td> <td align="right">2 723 677 </td> <td align="right">5 280 178 </td> <td align="right">7.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">50–54 </td> <td align="right">2 605 281 </td> <td align="right">2 844 482 </td> <td align="right">5 449 763 </td> <td align="right">8.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">55–59 </td> <td align="right">2 320 628 </td> <td align="right">2 612 319 </td> <td align="right">4 932 947 </td> <td align="right">7.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">60–64 </td> <td align="right">1 879 079 </td> <td align="right">2 222 128 </td> <td align="right">4 101 207 </td> <td align="right">6.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65–69 </td> <td align="right">1 397 242 </td> <td align="right">1 777 088 </td> <td align="right">3 174 330 </td> <td align="right">4.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">70–74 </td> <td align="right">855 143 </td> <td align="right">1 207 640 </td> <td align="right">2 062 783 </td> <td align="right">3.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">75–79 </td> <td align="right">508 729 </td> <td align="right">825 715 </td> <td align="right">1 334 444 </td> <td align="right">2.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">80–84 </td> <td align="right">269 850 </td> <td align="right">508 932 </td> <td align="right">778 781 </td> <td align="right">1.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">85–89 </td> <td align="right">126 009 </td> <td align="right">284 038 </td> <td align="right">410 047 </td> <td align="right">0.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">90–94 </td> <td align="right">37 824 </td> <td align="right">103 801 </td> <td align="right">141 625 </td> <td align="right">0.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">95–99 </td> <td align="right">6 640 </td> <td align="right">25 425 </td> <td align="right">32 066 </td> <td align="right">0.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">100+ </td> <td align="right">719 </td> <td align="right">4 219 </td> <td align="right">4 938 </td> <td align="right">0.01 </td></tr> <tr> <th width="50">Age group </th> <th width="80pt">Male </th> <th width="80">Female </th> <th width="80">Total </th> <th width="50">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">0–14 </td> <td align="right">5 744 486 </td> <td align="right">5 480 587 </td> <td align="right">11 225 073 </td> <td align="right">16.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">15–64 </td> <td align="right">23 181 603 </td> <td align="right">24 188 994 </td> <td align="right">47 370 597 </td> <td align="right">71.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">65+ </td> <td align="right">3 202 156 </td> <td align="right">4 736 858 </td> <td align="right">7 939 014 </td> <td align="right">11.93 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_(The_World_Bank)"><span id="Data_.28The_World_Bank.29"></span>Data (The World Bank)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Data (The World Bank)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy_at_birth_2">Life expectancy at birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Life expectancy at birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>total: 75 years (2017)</li> <li>male: 71 years (2017)</li> <li>female: 79 years (2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortality_rate,_under-5_(deaths_per_1,000_live_births)"><span id="Mortality_rate.2C_under-5_.28deaths_per_1.2C000_live_births.29"></span>Mortality rate, under-5 (deaths per 1,000 live births)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mortality rate, under-5 (deaths per 1,000 live births)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>12.2 deaths per 1,000 live births (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-EoCR-2018_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoCR-2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adolescent_birth_rate">Adolescent birth rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adolescent birth rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>44.6 births (births per 1,000 girls aged 15–19) (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-EoCR-2018_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoCR-2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CIA_World_Factbook_demographic_statistics"><i>CIA World Factbook</i> demographic statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: CIA World Factbook demographic statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following demographic statistics are from the <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>, unless otherwise indicated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_2">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population of Thailand is approximately 69.7 million people, with an annual growth rate of about 0.3 percent. In addition to Thais, it includes ethnic Chinese, Malay, Lao, Burmese, Cambodians, and Indians, among others. The 2010 decennial census revealed a population of 65,981,600 (up from 60,916,441 in 2000). Post-census adjustments are being made to lower reporting errors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_spread">Age spread</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Age spread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>0–14 years:</i> 19.9 percent (male 6,779,723/female 6,466,625)</li> <li><i>15–64 years:</i> 70.9 percent (male 23,410,091/female 23,913,499)</li> <li><i>65 years and over:</i> 9.2 percent (male 2,778,012/female 3,372,203) (2011 est.)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>0–14 years:</i> 17.41 percent (male 6,062,868/female 5,774,631)</li> <li><i>15–24 years:</i> 14.78 percent (male 5,119,387/female 4,927,250)</li> <li><i>25–54 years:</i> 46.69 percent (male 15,675,425/female 16,061,864)</li> <li><i>55–64 years:</i> 11.26 percent (male 3,600,695/female 4,053,977)</li> <li><i>65 years and over:</i> 9.86 percent (male 2,935,703/female 3,764,605) (2015 est.)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>0–14 years:</i> 16.45% (male 5,812,803/female 5,533,772)</li> <li><i>15–24 years:</i> 13.02% (male 4,581,622/female 4,400,997)</li> <li><i>25–54 years:</i> 45.69% (male 15,643,583/female 15,875,353)</li> <li><i>55–64 years:</i> 13.01% (male 4,200,077/female 4,774,801)</li> <li><i>65 years and over:</i> 11.82% (male 3,553,273/female 4,601,119) (2020 est.)</li></ul> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, the proportion of those over 65 will be 19.5 percent in 2030 and 25 percent by 2040.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Statistical_Office_(Thailand)" title="National Statistical Office (Thailand)">National Statistical Office</a> (NSO) figures for 2017 show that of the Thai population of 66.18 million persons: </p> <ul><li>17% (11.3 million) are children under 15;</li> <li>65.1% (43.09 million) are working age (16–59 years) adults</li> <li>15.5% (10.22 million) are elderly (60+ years)<sup id="cite_ref-BP-20190923_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-20190923-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_growth_rate">Population growth rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Population growth rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>0.615% (2009 est.)</li> <li>0.566% (2011 est.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_migration_rate">Net migration rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Net migration rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>0 migrants/1,000 population (2011 est.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_ratio">Sex ratio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sex ratio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>At birth:</i> 1.06 males/female </p> <ul><li><i>Under 15 years:</i> 1.05 males/female</li> <li><i>15–64 years:</i> 0.98 males/female</li> <li><i>65 years and over:</i> 0.83 males/female</li> <li><i>Total population:</i> 0.98 males/female (2009 est.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy_at_birth_3">Life expectancy at birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Life expectancy at birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Total population:</i> 73.6 years</li> <li><i>Male:</i> 71.24 years</li> <li><i>Female:</i> 76.08 years (2011 est.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_2">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic groups in Thailand</a></div> <p>The CIA World Factbook lists <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a> at 95.9 percent, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burmese</a> 2 percent, others 1.3 percent, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unspecified&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unspecified (page does not exist)">unspecified</a> 0.9 percent. While 2 percent <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burmese</a> is accurate and reflects mainly illegal migrants, the <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a> figure of 95.9 percent figures is not referenced and contradicts more detailed 2011 Royal Thai Government data which suggests ethnic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Thai_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Thai people (page does not exist)">Central Thai</a> 34.1 percent, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a><sup id="cite_ref-DraperKamnuansilpa_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DraperKamnuansilpa-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 24.9 percent, ethnic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khon_Muang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khon Muang (page does not exist)">Khon Muang</a> 9.9 percent, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Pak_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pak Tai">Pak Tai</a> 7.4 percent, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> 2.3 percent, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> 1.5 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-CERD/C/THA/1-3_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CERD/C/THA/1-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literacy">Literacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Literacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definition: age 15 and over can read and write </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total population </th> <th>Male </th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td>2015 est. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 92%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">92.9%</div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 94%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">94.7%</div></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847"><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="width: 91%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">91.2%</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/THA/thailand/population-growth-rate">"Thailand Population Growth Rate 1950–2021"</a>. <i>www.macrotrends.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macrotrends.net&rft.atitle=Thailand+Population+Growth+Rate+1950%E2%80%932021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macrotrends.net%2Fcountries%2FTHA%2Fthailand%2Fpopulation-growth-rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WB-2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WB-2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WB-2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23133/9781464804694.pdf"><i>Live Long and Prosper; Aging in East Asia and Pacific</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esa.un.org&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+%E2%80%93+Population+Division+%E2%80%93+United+Nations+%E2%80%93+%5BFilter%3A%5D+Thailand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FData.aspx%3Fd%3DPopDiv%26f%3DvariableID%253A68%23PopDiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/Summary%20Results.pdf">http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/Summary%20Results.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161134/http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/Summary%20Results.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-11-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">excluding Bangkok</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thailand.unfpa.org/en/publications/state-thailand%E2%80%99s-population-report-2015">The State of Thailand’s Population Report 2015: Features of Thai Families in the Era of Low Fertility and Longevity</a> (UNFPA)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm">"Demographic Yearbook"</a>. <i>UN Data</i>. 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Save the Children. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888393-34-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888393-34-7"><bdi>978-1-888393-34-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=End+of+Childhood+Report+2018%3B+The+Many+Faces+of+Exclusion&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Save+the+Children&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-888393-34-7&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresourcecentre.savethechildren.net%2Fnode%2F13429%2Fpdf%2Fendofchildhood_report_2018_english_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMala2016" class="citation news cs1">Mala, Dumrongkiat (2016-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/991617/prawase-calls-for-care-of-ageing-society">"Prawase calls for care of ageing society"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Prawase+calls+for+care+of+ageing+society&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft.aulast=Mala&rft.aufirst=Dumrongkiat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F991617%2Fprawase-calls-for-care-of-ageing-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BP-20190923-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BP-20190923_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJitpleecheep2019" class="citation news cs1">Jitpleecheep, Pitsinee (23 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1756144/taking-workers-out-of-retirement">"Taking workers out of retirement"</a>. <i>Bangkok Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Taking+workers+out+of+retirement&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft.aulast=Jitpleecheep&rft.aufirst=Pitsinee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F1756144%2Ftaking-workers-out-of-retirement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemographics+of+Thailand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Thailand&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand">World Bank: 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_and_linguistic_groups_in_Thailand_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic and linguistic groups in Thailand</a> by <a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template:Languages of Thailand">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra–Dai">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Tai">Southwestern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isan_people" title="Isan people">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn" class="mw-redirect" title="Khün">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ga" title="Lao Ga">Lao Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Krang" title="Lao Krang">Lao Krang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Lom" title="Lao Lom">Lao Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Loum" title="Lao Loum">Lao Loum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ngaew" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Ngaew">Lao Ngaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Song" title="Lao Song">Lao Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Ti" title="Lao Ti">Lao Ti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Wiang" title="Lao Wiang">Lao Wiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_people" title="Northern Thai people">Tai Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyong people">Nyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_people" title="Phuan people">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Bueng" title="Tai Bueng">Tai Bueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Gapong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Gapong">Tai Gapong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleun_people" title="Kaleun people">Kaleun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai Wang (page does not exist)">Tai Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorat_Thai" title="Khorat Thai">Khorat Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Thai Yai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tai_languages" title="Northern Tai languages">Northern Tai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saek_people" title="Saek people">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaw_people" title="Nyaw people">Nyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoy_people" title="Yoy people">Yoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malayo-Polynesian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Malays" title="Thai Malays">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moklen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moklen people (page does not exist)">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%E2%80%99_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi’ people">Urak Lawoi’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmuic_peoples" title="Khmuic peoples">Khmuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_people" title="Lua people">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_people" title="Mlabri people">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Phai people">Phai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_people" title="Pray people">Pray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_people" title="Mal people">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaungic_languages" title="Palaungic languages">Palaungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamet_people" title="Lamet people">Lamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawa_people" title="Lawa people">Lawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mok_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mok people (page does not exist)">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Palaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_people" title="Northern Khmer people">Northern</a></li> <li>Western</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monic_languages" title="Monic languages">Monic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyah_Kur_people" title="Nyah Kur people">Nyah Kur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Katuic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Katuic language">Katuic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_people" title="Kuy people">Kuy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearic language">Pearic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pear_people" title="Pear people">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_language" title="Chong language">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27och_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'och people">Sa'och</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aslian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aslian">Aslian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maniq" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniq">Maniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintaq">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensiu">Kensiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietic">Vietic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thavung_language" title="Thavung language">Aheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic language">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Haw" title="Chin Haw">Chin Haw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese" title="Peranakan Chinese">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Hokchew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisu_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisu people (page does not exist)">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_people" title="Karen people">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_people" title="Karenni people">Kayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Lolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpi people">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_people" title="Pa'O people">Pa'O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrae_Pwo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrae Pwo">Phrae Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Phunoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwo people">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_people" title="S'gaw people">S'gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong_people" title="Ugong people">Ugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_people" title="Iu Mien people">Iu Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Immigrants">Immigrants and expatriates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_Thailand" title="Australians in Thailand">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_in_Thailand" title="Burmese in Thailand">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Farang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Thailand" title="Filipinos in Thailand">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Thailand" title="Iranians in Thailand">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_migration_to_Thailand" title="Japanese migration to Thailand">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Thailand" title="Koreans in Thailand">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luk_khrueng" title="Luk khrueng">Luk khrueng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalis in Thailand">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenskar_i_Thailand" class="extiw" title="sv:Svenskar i Thailand">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thailand_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thailand_topics" title="Template:Thailand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thailand_topics" title="Template talk:Thailand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thailand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thailand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thailand_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand" title="History of Thailand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Thailand" title="Prehistoric Thailand">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Thailand" title="Peopling of Thailand">Peopling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Thailand" title="Early history of Thailand">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_states_of_Thailand" title="Initial states of Thailand">Initial states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonburi_Kingdom" title="Thonburi Kingdom">Thonburi Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782%E2%80%931932)" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)">Rattanakosin era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">Siamese Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_(1932%E2%80%931973)" title="History of Thailand (1932–1973)">1932–1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="History of Thailand (1973–2001)">1973–2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thailand_since_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thailand since 2001">since 2001</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_Thailand" title="Category:Archaeology of Thailand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Thailand">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="History of education in Thailand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Thailand" title="Military history of Thailand">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Thailand" title="Geography of Thailand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_addressing_system" title="Thai addressing system">Addresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Thailand" title="Template:Borders of Thailand">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand" title="List of municipalities in Thailand">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Thailand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Thailand" title="List of earthquakes in Thailand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Thailand" title="List of ecoregions in Thailand">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Thailand" title="Floods in Thailand">Floods in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Thailand" title="Environmental issues in Thailand">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Thailand" title="List of islands of Thailand">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Thailand" title="List of mountains in Thailand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Thailand">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Thailand" title="Regions of Thailand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_systems_of_Thailand" title="River systems of Thailand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Thailand" title="List of volcanoes in Thailand">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_native_to_Thailand" title="List of species native to Thailand">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Thailand" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Thailand">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thailand" title="Politics of Thailand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Thailand" title="Administrative divisions of Thailand">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand" title="Cabinet of Thailand">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand" title="Foreign relations of Thailand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Thailand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thai_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Thai intelligence agencies">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Thailand" title="Judiciary of Thailand">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Thailand" title="Law of Thailand">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Localism in Thailand">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministries_of_Thailand" title="List of government ministries of Thailand">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Thailand">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Thailand">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Thailand" title="List of political parties in Thailand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Thailand" title="Economy of Thailand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Thailand" title="Agriculture in Thailand">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Baht <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Thailand" title="List of banks in Thailand">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Thailand" title="Energy in Thailand">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Thailand" title="Nuclear power in Thailand">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing in Thailand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_economic_zones#Thailand" title="List of special economic zones">Special economic zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Economic_Corridor" title="Eastern Economic Corridor">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Western_Economic_Corridor" title="Central–Western Economic Corridor">CWEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Economic_Corridor" title="Northern Economic Corridor">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Economic_Corridor" title="Northeastern Economic Corridor">NEEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Economic_Corridor" title="Southern Economic Corridor">SEC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and technology in Thailand">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Thai inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_units_of_measurement" title="Thai units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_medicine" title="Traditional Thai medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Thailand" title="Stock Exchange of Thailand">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Thailand" title="Telecommunications in Thailand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Thailand" title="Tourism in Thailand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Thailand" title="Transport in Thailand">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Thailand" title="List of airports in Thailand">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highways_in_Thailand" title="Controlled-access highways in Thailand">Controlled-access highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Thailand" title="Rail transport in Thailand">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Thailand" title="Category:Society of Thailand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Thailand" title="Abortion in Thailand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Thailand" title="Crime in Thailand">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Thailand" title="Corruption in Thailand">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">Lèse majesté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Thailand" title="Prostitution in Thailand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Thailand" title="Sex trafficking in Thailand">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Thailand" title="List of universities and colleges in Thailand">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Thailand" title="Gambling in Thailand">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Thailand" title="Health in Thailand">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Thailand" title="HIV/AIDS in Thailand">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Thailand" title="Racism in Thailand">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Thailand" title="Squatting in Thailand">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Thailand" title="Waste management in Thailand">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Water supply and sanitation in Thailand">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Thailand" title="Women in Thailand">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand" title="Culture of Thailand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_animation" title="Thai animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Thailand" title="Architecture of Thailand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_art" title="Thai art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_comics" title="Thai comics">Comics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_wine" title="Thai wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_television_soap_opera" title="Thai television soap opera">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in Thailand">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Asia#Thailand" title="List of festivals in Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_folklore" title="Thai folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_literature" title="Thai literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_poetry" title="Thai poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_martial_arts#Thailand" title="Mainland Southeast Asia martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Thailand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Thai musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Thailand" title="Dance in Thailand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Thailand" title="Public holidays in Thailand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Thailand" title="Sport in Thailand">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Thailand" title="National symbols of Thailand">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Animal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_fighting_fish" title="Siamese fighting fish">Aquatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_fireback" title="Siamese fireback">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga#Thailand" title="Nāga">Mythological creature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_National_Anthem" title="Thai National Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sala Thai">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_Devadhiraj" title="Siam Devadhiraj">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Thailand" title="Emblem of Thailand">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Thailand" title="Flag of Thailand">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Flower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Thailand" title="Time in Thailand">Time</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Solar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_traditional_games" title="Thai traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Thailand" title="Video games in Thailand">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Thailand" title="Outline of Thailand">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thailand" title="Category:Thailand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Armenia" title="Demographics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bhutan" title="Demographics of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brunei" title="Demographics of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_East_Timor" title="Demographics of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Egypt" title="Demographics of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iraq" title="Demographics of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Israel" title="Demographics of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jordan" title="Demographics of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kuwait" title="Demographics of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Demographics of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Laos" title="Demographics of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lebanon" title="Demographics of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Maldives" title="Demographics of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mongolia" title="Demographics of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Myanmar" title="Demographics of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal" title="Demographics of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oman" title="Demographics of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Qatar" title="Demographics of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Demographics of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Singapore" title="Demographics of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Demographics of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tajikistan" title="Demographics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkmenistan" title="Demographics of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Demographics of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Demographics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen" title="Demographics of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Abkhazia" title="Demographics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Demographics of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan" title="Demographics of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Demographics of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Macau" title="Demographics of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> 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