CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e036ac00cde1',cH: 'hkTooxuYkN5X8ETMYcAgPpkRyGFIKkBs8AwMoZNZFoE-1739796340-1.2.1.1-t34iO1QryXuo0dKC6xBaXu36S_HzhQegsxdiq1mFJEQDWWhYCBy3WEKl4VNNLy2E',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20Abed&__cf_chl_tk=pMM7lLJ6OD0EclVsHcX6O5.E6ZWrnemGt1MsDFWKCFk-1739796340-1.0.1.1-vLgbEIn3jdzlsOUWIdBNCFbrQKF8QzVrnYEpQMuYPYI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796340',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20Abed&__cf_chl_f_tk=pMM7lLJ6OD0EclVsHcX6O5.E6ZWrnemGt1MsDFWKCFk-1739796340-1.0.1.1-vLgbEIn3jdzlsOUWIdBNCFbrQKF8QzVrnYEpQMuYPYI",md: "ieknyh4b.OESVvX6UUu0DWq2zt5VtkpoNUIyBjcKJH8-1739796340-1.2.1.1-sYw62mS3iFekIFzDMxpKIgLkDAyBB4Y6pk0lHFiEZaJEkmiknItqyKvfXaP..sfVNm2DWq4MFy_i2_HQGf61sF8cKwr1_sQnjd4syvErHdhx.UMnj4xXOcC9Se1V0GB7c8b5s2Z6pvXmzYYqzCBkMHUacDC5d5GH095peccqZQYG4k5sM.F0KPyTWbrHq79N3yo3GjnZI_3SAmGgLDQqlBExLedBQFmgi3ME6nkZ5ZISA0_00y9sjSNV1nT.H5yEY33XiRS6A2_FhcQlnGTzgOCeaJIp62miKFNbY7svtifyyQEpGe5.vI.N.ZDioJQek4y1Zl.lCmNCXCeGXi2rEQeL3QsLcPhEfgQzx3eP5xAW8foG5hINUUWQkAynqk9LEVGuNwBiRIBQIL0hkHkDIqbitrMLpf1ugsrVQR.CmDKdQvfZ3Z53KDKXJS5fYPKA6K07LhZHnjEz2Igh3.dcXq1iFHWXWafp4gjZ27_7SBvR16CrXPrXTcy5m.g8Uj2rl1YqUxcOAbEu7a3jAFKRbFkJrXkHKzNotv1UMKahLqlHneRyMOkqCtIxo25rmKCdNpjkN..ct.xfLqgqz2EWR619Sw29gcU9A5PTgIkPblHTI0MgZ4iRL1sbSXXDSOQdpnpBM7PysURV5eJDU7G4_xBLGhkHDw3JZSYE5USNVBrsrXgu.7289n0MGS1SpuNS2t4xBsGsNsLe1sHhbPATV8nSGH3tIyyc_mGWgyjPQt8B6cBR94iyWv_UQK6pQ0cgGeo7UdaVDkcXGSDWjcQrgsWxOTyZl.KKP4L7FfZBXgfA45HPqJMETuEQqWVSZ1KKkBPYo.miOA1wDCbMWen.nujxcdK.YB5.EIJ9EPLOM60rbwvhrvkyKjsn022RvtZAB5sV02D.CVm_NGEoxxIZ1k_ig08tjt5DuR27OZNPM0bq7QRE1QsQzSd38Cis.2gYeV_mR.VbqVvLGESqEz5dkQeZSlWcL7_NnWPLyg2M_yEOwPgnoxksarKlhoEN0J_r4ABylbO5SauWyb9czjvTYOWkaBOba6fod23soR0cc0hmAxXJmWfoNek3oxtla.CCs8CbeM_tdJ3TELIPnl.D7rj8H52DX3_RC4kzCrENTnv1PMHBMFZk0Xy7_fMtb.33ZYE.dFhYgT2h5PpcxHzYS6jiETCrEYtSzDlGBEh6C4QUPELZ0XRzDdTiRv07N28T9z7NAsfHHGHu9A96EFLdXrVORHAi7S58V2zzR67jx74ZhNBB9PwAFha_m42KqQYO757vRF5jG8m5KZaFQjxDmkxkjb1KzGop15izXc1w0fGlE6_yKv1O4EAEhqKf5DNqwdw3Qzui6n1Sh7.65nPo66TDP_485ap80vCruOPOphF2bUAJ5tYnNkLooxT8Y5UtMpV.gv.qtdKbbGxG9F38iQErZvoqvXGxtzAROuNRbR26LuwHyBnHwUh3PxH.0xFCuAyzqiZqSc2Q5avCjYL8Yps3cxelFsDZoue6KC.CQGDRIykGAshPQZw5hk0_Y3RJvfXmgu2Txc0KmPhYtsFXPGdTaFFnzXsT5_8Hb7h5Fgqf9jYscwNd5B6ps50hid.a_H1i5njIh5bx7v2D3j0r1z9EspVX6MkBGwV1OKMgwfwEM0yMBlIy_hWPd5z5AGdfflDLOTntTGr2Vyds9jyafYNOB2N94zevth30NtFNrF14H7YxWbVvcUz2J64BQtvs2KzUaUbKw2Ap685n_WK7xAzvsoF_vViFfDPO6_lB7ul2HUuzdaF3rMwnLwlc9Zs0Mau6yKfod_.exW84aat6Ttg.IU7gvcn4qCIjKMGFufyk0xdn7_xATZ7AvlBOyIAk41_KY8VHmeKhnhXtnL2w5q3n5nBz8JpBV4ZIU7uj8AzP7E4JptEz4FqPKVsaVbGo5jU_kxdl0R364V351LIeTk9Sat2ZZKRd2ReXJOYDOS0",mdrd: "_VmYiGwlh_nT0vsSpqB72YKm4ivk6fQ7UlnwWM.vS5I-1739796340-1.2.1.1-Vaml0p56q6MLA5O6E7pgvR7H8FDF3W_UpdRjS8qiBYVrH44epqOWFmdaSf04llaHzDgX6nDgd1gMjb4ZBlWNeOswpUzduHamivgMvdRfPMQLaDhjWVaAOmEYAGEdP9jniEzqLhUmzeTM1HZDCF1SxmDFi4CH1eAdxfbB9fOVb5F_p36_gNq9JDplJNtHsOVp7FyHiYv2l250n.xK3bck0s1DlSUYpV_51WsGLBZbBVjO5HxdGN4E4j8J.A44HlFkU7SxrXUhVmhxzka052o55yNkOCa0S7kwqhg_zeDY32T7WajzYv5r9UKsu4lzxSbtO8v3VRR9iS0zElYJMamb25mwfm8HJFMDAvG8cD4zsRnTu_p6j.mX0F6.uUMUavg1ISrokIgGRFq2VqAZ9kAC57vCdti4MXduHGReF9gZr.ng6K.h5P2woYDSYjeoW_597fJcrek6c1XIktXppDlndhOH3WiFOU3vxwWfQKLZ8iiL2NHDCUun5MHwQ1DwS5iuh7WCqfvCMRO4uKPGgZWoQSt4OpUquCWcw.baymPjaCQXTKggdARF8Mkf1e06RD5MVdhwRGArYSq6k3_s3SXy5SqXxmAzmZam5MXquMVOun5wj9Fv6IR.tWwTO9P1p2SQ8pIejL1JTr5w3KPxn_V394YTl.lWvb2gOb2L_d0eQVROqPYC9RV.cEKLEQj8NH.M5xA2s2epk5z0bX5m5W9tfIQDs7Qi9UPTSdUC7QlKdZThGkkzyK_9JFJQsd81FQPNd3INT3AA215JKba96aKr7sHmgAemEkU.YyRyDhYzacLZ6lILMJ3oeDAtogUb98ayWR9UO9HQX6.m389qlhpN3Zvq8NFjZgRJTPzs3NwckPOMJjDVGKF7qlSq4L1iced5OVbYmj1a90Cd_JmG2tu5EVIR8n6wvXoOSeVyDOKDGwk72tG78RcXjVD4IJ9L8X4GZmV.GgzNB9HljkQZNrZajbIlSPp9CpURwHQAcoCWHXZPoCE6UUHYXYTb2P7qkIYp.5cV8q4.n4rsufADpy2XkHGw1yW1N95wIowd_DCLiuXeJY2NDL652ejfLSpsKyHY1hu4wy3dXodyD_AbVn9mFc7MmqhjyqSH7DGrGmpaetabJ2qUJew_oqh3WiynRKKgvV4I153XYd_X3VPT17JZbfynDinnL7tEmaMcqR2XO8hhNRtQT7GZU.7xtG4o.53Pvjl_7Ggh8PI7XmG40ChdNvt5apYsfourLc7Se17DgKJYonuRLpOu19.I1Qi9mE0f1BIS10PZpBhBrjyA8IReeuwt0Ul5HuaOKsgkBOEOnQWp43H6YnAvwe7l96wxaQmZwkkkieaNdcTfdL2l3zKgHjh0_AZ550K.Sio8vQI7amq9zFWTxugehsFVueqL4qeBiyX8_jjmTcYWibq5FdfZrmKg62I7xR_SOequSaEdYw54OMFA8SGUacdGcMGJ6Ojvs3HEzz3XEYLRppO6KIEuLGfDeRAvG1lUC0M.fPcDsxphrazSIg2HgPdqAX2EYDAAY2QFUIRhfwKNv5YMepJ1n9lIw3dVfa2m6xt0V9yN4wxz8q5gKCbsRa6fXEMNlPNhQSyYB0HAtu4xZ1vzfITXiOpt8.HChy.4I5_ecyDlXadEYraM6w.cWFC8IfM6OsSJ39x9kT6JJ5Y4j.18NbYwgyqI_Qs64p0pK3_rulTirOFq9XI6SSptZBd.aLt_ZXbdBUbZmZP9akO9AmTuShJcNWwQauHtSVhqyU3l9.baDMb8b_1FB7UYpud5N2J.i3pSX06_G7fBraWReJqhlji3Z5KRQs47vnqHtMpSIWHlXf7z6Xa_Pyp1MOuOAYbIbKV8KxOQPBr8bIcg.f6ZCn8IF9DAsW5UIkpg6QjpUFGsbWB97tdATcn3BAnQtD5Ts.DkL97waJIhvL8gQ.BlkkY6G8UzGH8khKy3O5Z0AqWv3xHwHRR7vEcUim.oQf6MTbkp4EGZKP47.Foqc2x7f0o9Pw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e036ac00cde1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Mohammed%20Abed&__cf_chl_rt_tk=pMM7lLJ6OD0EclVsHcX6O5.E6ZWrnemGt1MsDFWKCFk-1739796340-1.0.1.1-vLgbEIn3jdzlsOUWIdBNCFbrQKF8QzVrnYEpQMuYPYI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>