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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأرشفة الذاتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأرشفة الذاتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="স্ব-সংরক্ষণকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ব-সংরক্ষণকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoarchivace" title="Autoarchivace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Autoarchivace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoarchivo" title="Autoarchivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autoarchivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خودبایگانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودبایگانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%80%ED%94%84_%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%99" title="셀프 아카이빙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셀프 아카이빙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengarsipan_mandiri" title="Pengarsipan mandiri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengarsipan mandiri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoarchiviazione" title="Autoarchiviazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Autoarchiviazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96" title="セルフアーカイブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルフアーカイブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egenarkivering" title="Egenarkivering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Egenarkivering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoarchiwizacja" title="Samoarchiwizacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samoarchiwizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Самоархивирование – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самоархивирование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinnakkaistallentaminen" title="Rinnakkaistallentaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rinnakkaistallentaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Archiving" title="Self-Archiving – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Self-Archiving" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Самоархівування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самоархівування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Authorial deposit of documents to provide open access</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Self-extracting_archive" title="Self-extracting archive">Self-extracting archive</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preprint_postprint_published.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/220px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/330px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/440px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Typical publishing workflow for an academic journal article (<a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprint</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">published</a>) with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> sharing rights per <a href="/wiki/SHERPA/RoMEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SHERPA/RoMEO">SHERPA/RoMEO</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Self-archiving</b> is the act of (the author's) depositing a free copy of an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_document" title="Electronic document">electronic document</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">online</a> in order to provide <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">open access</a> to it.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term usually refers to the self-archiving of <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer-reviewed</a> research journal and conference articles, as well as theses and book chapters, deposited in the author's own <a href="/wiki/Institutional_repository" title="Institutional repository">institutional repository</a> or <a href="/wiki/Open_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Open archive">open archive</a> for the purpose of maximizing its accessibility, usage and <a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">citation impact</a>. The term <b>green open access</b> has become common in recent years, distinguishing this approach from <a href="/wiki/Gold_open_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold open access">gold open access</a>, where the journal itself makes the articles publicly available without charge to the reader.<sup id="cite_ref-Harnad_et_al_Golden_Road_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harnad_et_al_Golden_Road-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-archiving&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Self-archiving was first explicitly proposed as a universal practice by <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Harnad" title="Stevan Harnad">Stevan Harnad</a> in his 1994 online posting "<a href="/wiki/Subversive_Proposal" title="Subversive Proposal">Subversive Proposal</a>" (later published in <i>Association of Research Libraries</i><sup id="cite_ref-Harnad_Subversive_Proposal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harnad_Subversive_Proposal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) although computer scientists had been practicing self-archiving in anonymous <a href="/wiki/File_transfer_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="File transfer protocol">FTP</a> archives since at least the 1980s (see <a href="/wiki/CiteSeer" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeer">CiteSeer</a>) and physicists had been doing it since the early 1990s on the web (see <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>). </p><p>The concept of <i>green open access</i> was coined in 2004 to describe a "mode of publishing in non open access journal but also self archiving it in an open access archive".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different drafts of a paper may be self-archived, such as the internal non-peer-reviewed version, or the peer-reviewed version published in a journal. Green open access through self-archiving was initially enabled through <a href="/wiki/Institutional_repositories" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional repositories">institutional</a> or <a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_repositories" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplinary repositories">disciplinary repositories</a>, as a growing number of universities adopted policies to encourage self-archiving. Self-archiving repositories do not peer-review articles, though they may hold copies of otherwise peer-reviewed articles. Self-archiving repositories also expect that the author who self-archives has the necessary rights to do so, as copyright may have been transferred to a publisher. Therefore it may only be possible to self-archive the <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> of the article.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-archiving&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of copyright policies of academic publishers">List of copyright policies of academic publishers</a></div> <p>Whereas the right to self-archive <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprints</a> is often a copyright matter (if the rights have been transferred to the publisher), the right to self-archive preprints is merely a question of journal policy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2003 study by Elizabeth Gadd, Charles Oppenheim, and Steve Probets of the Department of Information Science at <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a> analysed 80 <a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">journal publishers' copyright agreements</a> and found that 90 percent of publishers asked for some form of copyright transfer and only 42.5 percent allowed self-archiving in some form.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 the SHERPA/Romeo project recorded that of 1,275 publishers 70 percent allowed for some form of self-archiving, with 62 percent allowing both pre and postprint self-archiving of published papers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 the project recorded that of 2,375 publishers 41 percent allowed pre and postprint to be self-archived. 33 percent only allowed the self-archiving of the postprint, meaning the final draft post-refereeing. 6 percent of publishers only allowed self-archiving of the preprint, meaning the pre-refereeing draft.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Publishers such as <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> endorse self-archiving of the <a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">final published version</a> of the article, not just peer-reviewed final drafts. </p><p>Locations for self-archiving include <a href="/wiki/Institutional_repository" title="Institutional repository">institutional repositories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_repository" title="Disciplinary repository">subject-based repositories</a>, personal websites, and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> websites that target researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some publishers attempt to impose embargoes on self-archiving; embargo-lengths can be from 6–12 months or longer after the date of publication (see <a href="/wiki/SHERPA/RoMEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SHERPA/RoMEO">SHERPA/RoMEO</a>). For embargoed deposits some <a href="/wiki/Institutional_repository" title="Institutional repository">institutional repositories</a> have a request-a-copy Button with which users can request and authors can provide a single copy with one click each during the embargo.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Social_software" title="Social software">Social</a> <a href="/wiki/Reference_management_software" title="Reference management software">reference management software</a> websites such as <a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a> facilitate sharing between researchers; however, these services are often subject to criticism for using scholars' contributions for commercial purposes<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as for copyright violation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also targeted by publishers for copyright compliance, such as when <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> (which purchased Mendeley) issued <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a> takedown notices to <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a> for hosting scientific papers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social networking services also do not fulfill the requirements of many self-archiving policies from grant funders, journals, and institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 Germany created a legal basis for green open access<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by amending a secondary publication right into <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Germany" title="Copyright law of Germany">German copyright</a> which gives scientists and researchers the legal right to self-archive their publications on the Internet, even if they have agreed to transfer all exploitation rights to a publisher. The secondary publication right applies to results of mainly publicly funded research, 12 months after the first publication. The right cannot be waived, and the author’s version is self-archived.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-archiving&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(publishing)" title="Manuscript (publishing)">Manuscript (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_mandate" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access mandate">Open access mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Open_Access_Repositories" title="Registry of Open Access Repositories">Registry of Open Access Repositories</a> (ROAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subversive_Proposal" title="Subversive Proposal">Subversive Proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_journals_by_preprint_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic journals by preprint policy">List of academic journals by preprint policy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-archiving&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarnad2001" class="citation journal cs1">Harnad, S. (2001). "The Self-Archiving Initiative". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>410</b> (6832): 1024–1025. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35074210">10.1038/35074210</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11323640">11323640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4390371">4390371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Self-Archiving+Initiative&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=6832&rft.pages=1024-1025&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4390371%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11323640&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35074210&rft.aulast=Harnad&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harnad_et_al_Golden_Road-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harnad_et_al_Golden_Road_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10209/1/impact.html">The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access</a>. <i>Serials Review</i> 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harnad_Subversive_Proposal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harnad_Subversive_Proposal_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Okerson, A. S. & O'Donnell, J. J. eds. (1995). <i>Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing</i>. Association of Research Libraries. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.arl.org/sc/subversive/">http://www.arl.org/sc/subversive/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnad2005" class="citation journal cs1">Harnad, Stevan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue42/harnad/">"Fast-Forward on the Green Road to Open Access: The Case Against Mixing Up Green and Gold"</a>. <i>Ariadne</i> (42). <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0503021">cs/0503021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005cs........3021H">2005cs........3021H</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-3200">1361-3200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ariadne&rft.atitle=Fast-Forward+on+the+Green+Road+to+Open+Access%3A+The+Case+Against+Mixing+Up+Green+and+Gold&rft.issue=42&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcs%2F0503021&rft.issn=1361-3200&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005cs........3021H&rft.aulast=Harnad&rft.aufirst=Stevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ariadne.ac.uk%2Fissue42%2Fharnad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadalli2015" class="citation book cs1">Madalli, Devika P. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U5hYCgAAQBAJ"><i>Concepts of openness and open access</i></a>. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 17–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231000799" title="Special:BookSources/9789231000799"><bdi>9789231000799</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+openness+and+open+access&rft.pages=17-18&rft.pub=UNESCO+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789231000799&rft.aulast=Madalli&rft.aufirst=Devika+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU5hYCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/self-faq/#publisher-forbids">Self-Archiving FAQ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cogprints.org/1689/1/thes.html">"THES May 12 1995: PostGutenberg Galaxy"</a>. <i>cogprints.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cogprints.org&rft.atitle=THES+May+12+1995%3A+PostGutenberg+Galaxy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1689%2F1%2Fthes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaddOppenheimProbets2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gadd, Elizabeth; Oppenheim, Charles; Probets, Steve (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1087/095315103322422053">"RoMEO studies 4: an analysis of journal publishers' copyright agreements"</a>. <i>Learned Publishing</i>. <b>16</b> (4): 293–308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1087%2F095315103322422053">10.1087/095315103322422053</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10150%2F105141">10150/105141</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-4857">1741-4857</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40861778">40861778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Learned+Publishing&rft.atitle=RoMEO+studies+4%3A+an+analysis+of+journal+publishers%27+copyright+agreements&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=293-308&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10150%2F105141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40861778%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1741-4857&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1087%2F095315103322422053&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Oppenheim%2C+Charles&rft.au=Probets%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1087%2F095315103322422053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheufen2014" class="citation book cs1">Scheufen, Marc (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319127385"><i>Copyright Versus Open Access: On the Organisation and International Political Economy of Access to Scientific Knowledge</i></a>. Springer. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12738-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12738-5"><bdi>978-3-319-12738-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Copyright+Versus+Open+Access%3A+On+the+Organisation+and+International+Political+Economy+of+Access+to+Scientific+Knowledge&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-12738-5&rft.aulast=Scheufen&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fde%2Fbook%2F9783319127385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/statistics.php">"RoMEO Statistics"</a>. 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"Copyright compliance and infringement in ResearchGate full-text journal articles". <i>Scientometrics</i>. <b>112</b>: 241–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11192-017-2291-4">10.1007/s11192-017-2291-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0138-9130">0138-9130</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27138477">27138477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientometrics&rft.atitle=Copyright+compliance+and+infringement+in+ResearchGate+full-text+journal+articles&rft.volume=112&rft.pages=241-254&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27138477%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0138-9130&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11192-017-2291-4&rft.aulast=Jamali&rft.aufirst=Hamid+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2013" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Michael (11 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/12/11/has-elsevier-signaled-a-new-era-for-academia-edu-and-other-professional-networks/">"The End of an Era for Academia.edu and Other Academic Networks?"</a>. <i>The Scholarly Kitchen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scholarly+Kitchen&rft.atitle=The+End+of+an+Era+for+Academia.edu+and+Other+Academic+Networks%3F&rft.date=2013-12-11&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarlykitchen.sspnet.org%2F2013%2F12%2F11%2Fhas-elsevier-signaled-a-new-era-for-academia-edu-and-other-professional-networks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buchreport.de/2013/06/28/gruenes-licht-fuer-gruenen-weg/">"Bundestag beschließt Open Access-Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht Grünes Licht für grünen Weg"</a>. 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UNESCO Publishing. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9231001482" title="Special:BookSources/978-9231001482"><bdi>978-9231001482</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Open+educational+resources%3A+policy%2C+costs%2C+transformation&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=UNESCO+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9231001482&rft.aulast=Miao&rft.aufirst=Fengchun&rft.au=Mishra%2C+Sanjaya&rft.au=McGreal%2C+Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.col.org%2Fresources%2Fopen-educational-resources-policy-costs-and-transformation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-archiving&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/">"Self-Archiving FAQ for the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Self-Archiving+FAQ+for+the+Budapest+Open+Access+Initiative+%28BOAI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eprints.org%2Fself-faq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php">"Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving"</a>. SHERPA/RoMEO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publisher+copyright+policies+%26+self-archiving&rft.pub=SHERPA%2FRoMEO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sherpa.ac.uk%2Fromeo%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roarmap.eprints.org/">"ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ROARMAP%3A+Registry+of+Open+Access+Repositories+Mandatory+Archiving+Policies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froarmap.eprints.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-archiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">Subscription business model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscribe_to_Open" title="Subscribe to Open">Subscribe to Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">Paywall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_transfer_agreement" title="Copyright transfer agreement">Copyright transfer agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(publishing)" title="Manuscript (publishing)">Manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">Article processing charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_publishing" title="Predatory publishing">Predatory publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative" title="Budapest Open Access Initiative">Budapest Open Access Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing" title="Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing">Bethesda Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Declaration_on_Research_Assessment" title="San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment">DORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Statement_on_Open_Access_to_Legal_Scholarship" title="Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship">Durham Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_the_Future_of_the_World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization">Geneva Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIH_Public_Access_Policy" title="NIH Public Access Policy">NIH Public Access Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Works_Act" title="Research Works Act">Research Works Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Self-archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_mandate" title="Open-access mandate">Open-access mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-access_repository" title="Open-access repository">Open-access repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_open-access_journal" title="Hybrid open-access journal">Hybrid open-access journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_open-access_journal" title="Delayed open-access journal">Delayed open-access journal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cost_of_Knowledge" title="The Cost of Knowledge">The Cost of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory of Open Access Books">Directory of Open Access Books</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21750281#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q21750281"><span title=""Directory of Open Access Books" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">Directory of Open Access Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Open_Citations" title="Initiative for Open Citations">Initiative for Open Citations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Access_Scholarly_Publishing_Association" title="Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association">Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAIRE" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenAIRE">OpenAIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative" title="Open Archives Initiative">Open Archives Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge_Project" title="Public Knowledge Project">Public Knowledge Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Open_Access_Repositories" title="Registry of Open Access Repositories">Registry of Open Access Repositories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Australia" title="Open access in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Austria" title="Open access in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Belgium" title="Open access in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Canada" title="Open access in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Denmark" title="Open access in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_France" title="Open access in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Germany" title="Open access in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Greece" title="Open access in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Hungary" title="Open access in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_India" title="Open access in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Open access in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Italy" title="Open access in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Netherlands" title="Open access in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_New_Zealand" title="Open access in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Norway" title="Open access in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Poland" title="Open access in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Portugal" title="Open access in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_South_Africa" title="Open access in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Spain" title="Open access in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Sweden" title="Open access in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Ukraine" title="Open access in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement" title="Access to Knowledge movement">Access to Knowledge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access2Research" title="Access2Research">Access2Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">List of open-access journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Open data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" 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