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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86" title="تالييسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تالييسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%EC%8B%A0" title="탈리에신 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈리에신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin_(bard)" title="Taliesin (bard) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taliesin (bard)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="タリエシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タリエシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Талиесин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Талиесин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taliesin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Талієсін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Талієсін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%83%E8%BE%9B" title="塔利埃辛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔利埃辛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q357835#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Gwion" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gwion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gwion (disambiguation)">Gwion (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Taliesin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Taliesin (disambiguation)">Taliesin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Taliesin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_finding_of_Taliesin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An illustration of a baby being discovered by an adult female in a basket floating upon some open water. An adult male watches the discovery." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_finding_of_Taliesin.jpg/220px-The_finding_of_Taliesin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/The_finding_of_Taliesin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>The finding of Taliesin by Elphin and Angharad</i>, <a href="/wiki/F._H._Townsend" title="F. H. Townsend">F. H. Townsend</a>'s illustration for Thomas Love Peacock's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Misfortunes_of_Elphin" title="The Misfortunes of Elphin">The Misfortunes of Elphin</a></i> (1897)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Britons">Briton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Gwion Bach ap Gwreang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">6th century AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Taliesin" title="Book of Taliesin">Llyfr Taliesin</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Taliesin</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">tal-<span style="font-size:90%">YES</span>-in</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Welsh:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[talˈjɛsɪn]</a></span>; <abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr> 6th century AD) was an early <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Brittonic</a> poet of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> whose work has possibly survived in a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> manuscript, the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Taliesin" title="Book of Taliesin">Book of Taliesin</a></i>. Taliesin was a renowned <a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">bard</a> who is believed to have sung at the courts of at least three kings. </p><p>In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Ifor_Williams" title="Ifor Williams">Ifor Williams</a> identified eleven of the medieval poems ascribed to Taliesin as possibly originating as early as the sixth century, and so possibly being composed by a historical Taliesin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of this work praises King <a href="/wiki/Urien_Rheged" class="mw-redirect" title="Urien Rheged">Urien</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a>, although several of the poems indicate that Taliesin also served as court bard to King <a href="/wiki/Brochfael_Ysgithrog" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochfael Ysgithrog">Brochfael Ysgithrog</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> and his successor <a href="/wiki/Cynan_Garwyn" title="Cynan Garwyn">Cynan Garwyn</a>, either before or during his time at Urien's court. Some of the events to which the poems refer, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 573</span>), are referred to in other sources. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_T._Koch" title="John T. Koch">John T. Koch</a> argues that the description of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> in the praise poem <i>Yspeil Taliesin</i> ('The Spoils of Taliesin') indicates that Urien and Taliesin were <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> who adhered to the Latin rather than the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Insular</a> observance of Easter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also suggests that the figure of Taliesin served as a bridge between the worlds of Brittonic Christian Latin literature and the <a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_(literary_theory)" title="Heroic Age (literary theory)">Heroic Age</a> court poets, allowing monastic scribes to cultivate vernacular poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In legend and medieval Welsh poetry, he is often referred to as <i>Taliesin Ben Beirdd</i> ("Taliesin, Chief of Bards" or chief of poets). He is mentioned as one of the five <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Wales_(Welsh_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Wales (Welsh language)">British poets</a> of renown, along with <a href="/wiki/Talhaearn_Tad_Awen" title="Talhaearn Tad Awen">Talhaearn Tad Awen</a> ("Talhaearn Father of the Muse"), <a href="/wiki/Aneirin" title="Aneirin">Aneirin</a>, Blwchfardd, and Cian Gwenith Gwawd ("Cian Wheat of Song"), in the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i>, and is also mentioned in the collection of poems known as <i><a href="/wiki/Y_Gododdin" title="Y Gododdin">Y Gododdin</a></i>. Taliesin was highly regarded in the mid-12th century as the supposed author of a great number of romantic legends.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to legend Taliesin was adopted as a child by <a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Gwyddno_Garanhir" title="Gwyddno Garanhir">Gwyddno Garanhir</a>, and prophesied the death of <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Yellow Plague</a>. In later stories he became a mythic hero, companion of <a href="/wiki/Bran_the_Blessed" class="mw-redirect" title="Bran the Blessed">Bran the Blessed</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>. His legendary biography is found in several late renderings (see below), the earliest surviving narrative being found in a manuscript chronicle of world history written by <a href="/wiki/Elis_Gruffydd" title="Elis Gruffydd">Elis Gruffydd</a> in the 16th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Helmbar.jpg/220px-Helmbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Helmbar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/River_Eden,_Cumbria" title="River Eden, Cumbria">Eden</a> Valley between Appleby and Penrith, an area referred to affectionately as the heartland of <a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a> in the praise poems of Taliesin</figcaption></figure> <p>Details of Taliesin's life are sparse. The first mention of him occurs in the Saxon genealogies appended to four manuscripts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i> from 828AD. The writer names five poets, among them Taliesin, who lived in the time of <a href="/wiki/Ida_of_Bernicia" title="Ida of Bernicia">Ida of Bernicia</a> (fl. mid-6th century) and a British chieftain, (O)utigirn (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Modern Welsh</a> Eudeyrn).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This information is considered fairly credible,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since he is also mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Aneirin" title="Aneirin">Aneirin</a>, another of the five mentioned poets, who is famed as the author of <i><a href="/wiki/Y_Gododdin" title="Y Gododdin">Y Gododdin</a></i>, a series of elegies to the men of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a>) who died fighting the Angles at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Catraeth" title="Battle of Catraeth">Battle of Catraeth</a> around 600. </p><p>Taliesin's authorship of several odes to King <a href="/wiki/Urien_Rheged" class="mw-redirect" title="Urien Rheged">Urien Rheged</a> (died c. 550) is commonly accepted,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they mention <a href="/wiki/River_Eden,_Cumbria" title="River Eden, Cumbria">The Eden Valley</a> and an enemy leader, Fflamddwyn,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identified as Ida<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or his son <a href="/wiki/Theodric_of_Bernicia" title="Theodric of Bernicia">Theodric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poems refer to victories of Urien at the battles of Argoed Llwyfain, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alclud_Ford" title="Battle of Alclud Ford">The Ford of Clyde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gweith_Gwen_Ystrat" title="Gweith Gwen Ystrat">Gwen Ystrad</a>. Taliesin also sang in praise of <a href="/wiki/Cynan_Garwyn" title="Cynan Garwyn">Cynan Garwyn</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cynan's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Brochwel_Ysgithrog" title="Brochwel Ysgithrog">Brochwel Ysgithrog</a>, is also mentioned in later poems. </p><p>According to legends that first appear in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Taliesin" title="Book of Taliesin">Book of Taliesin</a></i>, Taliesin's early patron was <a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin ap Gwyddno</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Gwyddno_Garanhir" title="Gwyddno Garanhir">Gwyddno Garanhir</a>, who was a lord of a lost land in <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Bay" title="Cardigan Bay">Cardigan Bay</a> called <a href="/wiki/Cantre%27r_Gwaelod" title="Cantre'r Gwaelod">Cantre'r Gwaelod</a>. Taliesin defended Elffin and satirised his enemy, the powerful <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a>, shortly before the latter died (probably in 547 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin-Breton <i>Life of Iudic-hael</i> refers to Taliesin visiting the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rhuys_Peninsula" title="Rhuys Peninsula">Rhuys</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a>, Taliesin had a son, <a href="/wiki/Afaon_fab_Taliesin" title="Afaon fab Taliesin">Afaon</a>, who was accounted a great warrior, and who suffered a violent death, probably in Lothian.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taliesin's grave is held in folklore to be near the village of Tre Taliesin near Llangynfelyn<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called <a href="/wiki/Bedd_Taliesin" title="Bedd Taliesin">Bedd Taliesin</a>, but this is a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> burial chamber, and the village of <a href="/wiki/Tre-Taliesin" title="Tre-Taliesin">Tre-Taliesin</a>, at the foot of the hill, was actually named after the burial chamber in the 19th century<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though legend was traced by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lhuyd" title="Edward Lhuyd">Edward Lhuyd</a> to the 17th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legendary_accounts_of_his_life">Legendary accounts of his life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legendary accounts of his life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg/220px-Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg/330px-Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg/440px-Finding_of_Taliesin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>"Finding of Taliesin" by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clarence_Whaite" title="Henry Clarence Whaite">Henry Clarence Whaite</a>, 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>More detailed traditions of Taliesin's biography arose from about the 11th century, and in <i>Historia Taliesin</i> ("The Tale of Taliesin", surviving from the 16th century).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-16th-century, <a href="/wiki/Elis_Gruffydd" title="Elis Gruffydd">Elis Gruffydd</a> recorded a legendary account of Taliesin that resembles the story of the boyhood of the Irish hero <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhail" class="mw-redirect" title="Fionn mac Cumhail">Fionn mac Cumhail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_of_wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon of wisdom">salmon of wisdom</a> in some respects. The tale was also recorded in a slightly different version by <a href="/wiki/John_Jones_of_Gellilyfdy" title="John Jones of Gellilyfdy">John Jones of Gellilyfdy</a> (c. 1607). This story agrees in many respects with fragmentary accounts in the <i>Book of Taliesin</i>. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hanes_Taliesin" title="Hanes Taliesin">Hanes Taliesin</a></i>, he was originally known as <b>Gwion Bach ap Gwreang</b>. He was a servant of <a href="/wiki/Cerridwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerridwen">Cerridwen</a> and was made to stir the Cauldron of Inspiration for one year to allow for Cerridwen to complete her potion of inspiration. The potion was initially intended for her son, <a href="/wiki/Morfran" title="Morfran">Morfran</a>, who although was considered frightfully ugly, she loved nonetheless, and felt that if he would not grow in beauty then he should have the gift of the Awen to compensate. Upon completion of this potion, three drops sprang out and landed upon Gwion Bach's thumb. Gwion then placed his thumb in his mouth to soothe his burns resulting in Gwion's enlightenment. Out of fear of what Cerridwen would do to him, Gwion fled and eventually transformed into a piece of grain before being consumed by Cerridwen. However, this resulted in Cerridwen becoming impregnated with the seed and upon giving birth, she could not bring herself to kill the baby Gwion. She instead cast him into the ocean in a large leather bag, where he was found by <a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin</a>, who named him Taliesin.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to these texts Taliesin was the foster-son of <a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin ap Gwyddno</a>, who gave him the name Taliesin, meaning "radiant brow", and who later became a king in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ceredigion" title="Kingdom of Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a>, Wales. The legend states that he was then raised at his court in <a href="/wiki/Aberdyfi" title="Aberdyfi">Aberdyfi</a> and that at the age of 13, he visited King <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a>, Elffin's uncle, and correctly prophesied the manner and imminence of Maelgwn's death. A number of medieval poems attributed to Taliesin allude to the legend but these postdate the historical poet's <i><a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">floruit</a></i> considerably. </p><p>The introduction to <a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Lewis" title="Gwyneth Lewis">Gwyneth Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a>'s translation of <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Taliesin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Taliesin">The Book of Taliesin</a> suggests that later Welsh writers came to see Taliesin as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shamanic figure</a>. The poetry ascribed to him in this collection shows how he not only can channel other entities (such as the <a href="/wiki/Awen" title="Awen">Awen</a>) in these poems, but that the authors of these poems can in turn channel Taliesin himself in creating the poems that they ascribe to him. This creates a collectivist, rather than individualistic, sense of identity; no human is simply one human, humans are part of nature (rather than opposed to it), and all things in the cosmos can ultimately be seen to be connected through the creative spirit of the Awen. </p><p>The idea that he was a <a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">bard</a> at the court of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> dates back at least to the tale of <i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i>, perhaps a product of the 11th century. It is elaborated upon in modern English poetry, such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Tennyson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_(UK_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Williams (UK writer)">Charles Williams</a>' <i>Taliessin Through Logres</i>. But the historical Taliesin's career can be shown to have fallen in the last half of the 6th century, while historians who argue for Arthur's existence date his victory at <a href="/wiki/Mons_Badonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mons Badonicus">Mons Badonicus</a> in the years on either side of AD 500; the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a></i> offer the date of c. 539 for his death or disappearance in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a>, only a few years earlier than the date of 542 found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>. Taliesin also appears as a companion of <a href="/wiki/Bran_the_Blessed" class="mw-redirect" title="Bran the Blessed">Bran the Blessed</a> in this era, by which time he was clearly perceived as a legendary figure who existed in many different times. </p><p>A manuscript in the hand of 18th-century literary forger <a href="/wiki/Iolo_Morganwg" title="Iolo Morganwg">Iolo Morganwg</a> claimed he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Henwg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Henwg">Saint Henwg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Llanhennock" title="Llanhennock">Llanhennock</a>; but this is contrary to other tradition. In it he is said to have been educated in the school of Catwg, at Llanfeithin, in <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>, which the historian <a href="/wiki/Gildas" title="Gildas">Gildas</a> also attended. Captured as a youth by Irish pirates while fishing at sea, he is said to have escaped by using a wooden <a href="/wiki/Buckler" title="Buckler">buckler</a> for a boat; he landed at the fishing <a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">weir</a> of Elffin, one of the sons of Urien (all medieval Welsh sources, however, make Elffin the son of Gwyddno Garanhir). Urien made him Elffin's instructor, and gave Taliesin an estate. But once introduced to the court of the warrior-chief Taliesin became his foremost bard, followed him in his wars, and wrote of his victories.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffin_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Welsh poet <a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(Taliesin_Hiraethog)" title="John Davies (Taliesin Hiraethog)">John Davies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a> (1841–1894) took the <a href="/wiki/Bardic_name" title="Bardic name">bardic name</a> of Taliesin Hiraethog.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, whose mother, Anna Lloyd Jones, was born in Wales, named his <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> home and studio <a href="/wiki/Taliesin_(studio)" title="Taliesin (studio)">Taliesin</a> and his home and studio near Scottsdale, Arizona <a href="/wiki/Taliesin_West" title="Taliesin West">Taliesin West</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designer</a> who developed the first set of <a href="/wiki/Fonts_on_Macintosh#Fonts_of_the_original_Macintosh" title="Fonts on Macintosh">fonts for the early Macintosh</a>, created a <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">dingbat</a> font called Taliesin that shipped with the update disk for <a href="/wiki/Apple_System_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple System 2">System 2</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taliesin is relatively obscure compared to its more well-known counterpart Cairo, the symbol font that featured <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s iconic <a href="/wiki/Dogcow" title="Dogcow">dogcow</a> logo.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not clear why the font shares a name with the British poet, having been the only one of the set that does not bear the name of a "world class city"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, etc.). As it contains several <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a>, and other aspects of <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landscaping" title="Landscaping">landscaping</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">interior design</a>, however, it has been theorized that Taliesin was also named in homage to Frank Lloyd Wright's aforementioned studio and estate of same name.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as the 12th century bards of the Welsh princes adopted the persona of Taliesin to make prophetic and legendary claims for the source of their inspiration or <a href="/wiki/Awen" title="Awen">awen</a> as well as those poems which can be attributed directly to them.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So some of the poems in the <i>Book of Taliesin</i> have been attributed to bards who saw themselves as working within the tradition of a legendary bard whose poems could be re-worked or re-imagined, giving rise to the prose tale in which some of these poems are embedded.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the academic work done on these poems focuses on attempting to separate poems by the original bard and later poets imaginatively taking on his mantle.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His name was used, spelled as Taliessin, in <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a></i>. He is a character in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock" title="Thomas Love Peacock">Thomas Love Peacock</a>'s satirical romantic 1829 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Misfortunes_of_Elphin" title="The Misfortunes of Elphin">The Misfortunes of Elphin</a></i> where he is discovered as a baby floating in a coracle by Elphin (Elfin) who is fishing. In the 1951 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Porius:_A_Romance_of_the_Dark_Ages" title="Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages">Porius</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/John_Cowper_Powys" title="John Cowper Powys">John Cowper Powys</a>, he is depicted as a politically astute court bard who is accomplished in both cookery and poetry. </p><p>He also makes an appearance in a number of works of modern commercial fiction that blend history and Arthurian legend, including quite a lengthy appearance in Bernard Cornwell's <a href="/wiki/The_Warlord_Chronicles" title="The Warlord Chronicles"><i>Warlord Chronicles</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Gavriel_Kay" title="Guy Gavriel Kay">Guy Gavriel Kay</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fionavar_Tapestry" title="The Fionavar Tapestry">The Fionavar Tapestry</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Lawhead" title="Stephen R. Lawhead">Stephen R. Lawhead</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pendragon_Cycle" title="The Pendragon Cycle">The Pendragon Cycle</a></i>, he is most notable in the first book, eponymously named <i>Taliesin</i>, in which he is depicted as Merlin's father. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._K._Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. K. Hume (page does not exist)">M. K. Hume</a>'s King Arthur trilogy, he's depicted as Merlin's firstborn son. <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Bradshaw" title="Gillian Bradshaw">Gillian Bradshaw</a> uses him as a stand-in for Merlin in her Arthurian trilogy. He is also a central character in <i><a href="/wiki/Moonheart" title="Moonheart">Moonheart</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Urban_fantasy" title="Urban fantasy">urban fantasy</a> novel by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Lint" title="Charles de Lint">Charles de Lint</a>, and appears as the chief bard of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Prydain" title="Prydain">Prydain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Prydain" title="The Chronicles of Prydain">children's novels</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Alexander" title="Lloyd Alexander">Lloyd Alexander</a> which are based on the Welsh <i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i>. The historical novel <i>Radiant Brow – The Epic of Taliesin</i> by H. Catherine Watling is based on "The Tale of Taliesin" and the poetry contained in <i>The Book of Taliesin</i>. In the young adult fiction series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Is_Rising_Sequence" title="The Dark Is Rising Sequence">The Dark Is Rising Sequence</a></i> by British author <a href="/wiki/Susan_Cooper" title="Susan Cooper">Susan Cooper</a>, he guides young protagonists Will Stanton and Bran Davies through the Lost Land in the final book, <i><a href="/wiki/Silver_on_the_Tree" title="Silver on the Tree">Silver on the Tree</a></i>. Taliesin's harp-tuning key makes an appearance in "<a href="/wiki/A_String_in_the_Harp" title="A String in the Harp">A String in the Harp</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Bond" title="Nancy Bond">Nancy Bond</a>, a time-travel story set in Wales. The key gives Peter Morgan, the main protagonist, the ability to see visions of Taliesin's life. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_(British_writer)" title="Charles Williams (British writer)">Charles Williams</a>' unfinished series of Arthurian poems, found in <i>Taliessin Through Logres</i> and <i>The Region of the Summer Stars</i>, Taliesin is the central character, Arthur's bard and Captain of Horse, and the head of a companionship dedicated to Christian Charity in Camelot. </p><p>He is character in <a href="/wiki/Traci_Harding" title="Traci Harding">Traci Harding</a>'s Chosen series starting with <a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_Future_Trilogy" title="The Ancient Future Trilogy">The Ancient Future Trilogy</a> where he is an immortal time traveler trying to help the human soul mind evolution advance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Norwegian classical composer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Romberg" title="Martin Romberg">Martin Romberg</a> wrote a concerto for alto saxophone and <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> in eight parts after the tale named "The Tale of Taliesin". The concerto was premiered in 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Akademische_Orchestervereinigung_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Akademische Orchestervereinigung Göttingen">Akademische Orchestervereinigung Göttingen</a>, with the Norwegian saxophonist Ola Asdahl Rokkones as a soloist.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work has since been published at Éditions Billaudot, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and played by Mittelsächsische Philharmonie, The Saint-Petersburg Northern Synfonia Orchestra and Nizhny Novgorod Philharmonic Orchestra, the two latter being conducted by Fabio Mastrangelo.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern music, <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>'s second studio album was named <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Taliesyn" title="The Book of Taliesyn">The Book of Taliesyn</a></i> in honour of the bard. A track on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Softs_(album)" title="Softs (album)">Softs</a></i> by Canterbury prog-rock band <a href="/wiki/Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a> is titled "The Tale of Taliesin". <a href="/wiki/Paul_Roland" title="Paul Roland">Paul Roland</a>’s 2006 album <i>Re-Animator</i> contains a song about the bard titled "Taliesin". There is a <a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">Dungeon synth</a> band from Germany named Taliesin The Bard. The Song "Spiral Castle" by the american Epic Heavy Metal band <a href="/wiki/Manilla_Road" title="Manilla Road">Manilla Road</a> uses Taliesin as the fictional narrator of the lyrics. The 2024 album by <a href="/wiki/MGMT" title="MGMT">MGMT</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_Life" title="Loss of Life">Loss of Life</a></i> begins with a spoken word piece which is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Taliesin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Taliesin">The Book of Taliesin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Poems of Taliesin</i>, ed. by Ifor Williams, trans. by J. E. Caerwyn Williams, Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series, 3 (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1987 [repr. from 1968; first publ. <i>Canu Taliesin</i> 1960]).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koch, John T., "Waiting for Gododdin: Thoughts on Taliesin and Iudic-Hael, Catreath, and unripe time in Celtic studies" in Woolf, Alex (ed.)(2013), <i>Beyond the Gododdin: Dark Age Scotland in Medieval Wales</i>, University of St. Andrews, pp. 177 - 204, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780951257388" title="Special:BookSources/9780951257388">9780951257388</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Griffin_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffin_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffin (1887)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2012)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">("At that time Talhaearn the Father of the Muse was famous in poetry, and Neirin, Taliesin, Blwchfardd and Cian who is called Gweinthgwawd, at one and the same time were renowned in British poetry." —<i>Gildas et Nennius</i>, ed. Mommsen, p. 205; Mon. Hist. Brit. p. 75), quoted in John Edward Lloyd, <i>Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 55</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillimore in <i>Cymmrodor</i>, xi. 134–8; Zimmer, <i>Nennius Vindicatus</i>, p. 78, quoted in John Edward Lloyd, <i>Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 55</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk/index.php?id=254">National Library of Wales, article <i>Taliesin</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&dq=williams+canu+taliesin&pg=PA1652">J. Koch, <i>Celtic Culture: Aberdeen breviary-celticism</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/early-welsh-literature/pages/taliesin.shtml">"BBC Wales – Arts – Early Welsh literature – Taliesin"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Wales+%E2%80%93+Arts+%E2%80%93+Early+Welsh+literature+%E2%80%93+Taliesin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Farts%2Fsites%2Fearly-welsh-literature%2Fpages%2Ftaliesin.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBIbAAAAYAAJ">"The Scots Magazine and Edinburgh Literary Miscellany"</a>. Archibald Constable & Company. 1 January 1808<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scots+Magazine+and+Edinburgh+Literary+Miscellany&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable+%26+Company&rft.date=1808-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpBIbAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=buYQAwAAQBAJ&dq=flamddwyn+theodric&pg=PA243">Charles Oman, <i>England Before the Norman Conquest</i> -</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ifor Williams, <i>Canu Taliesin</i> (University of Wales Press, 1960), poem I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Cambriae" title="Annales Cambriae">Annales Cambriae</a></i> (A Text) – see Phillimore, Egerton (1888), <i>The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859</i>, in Phillimore, Egerton, Y Cymmrodor IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koch, John T. "<i>De sancto Iudicaelo rege Historia</i> and Its Implications for the Welsh Taliesin" in Nagy, Joseph Falaky and Jones, Leslie Ellen (eds.)(2005),<i>Heroic Poets and Poetic Heroes in Celtic Tradition: A Festschrift for Patrick K. Ford</i>, Four Courts Press, Dublin, pp. 247 - 262 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851828494" title="Special:BookSources/9781851828494">9781851828494</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/triads2.html">"The Welsh Triads"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Triads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maryjones.us%2Fctexts%2Ftriads2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llangynfelyn.org/dogfennau/bedd_taliesin_mynegiad.html">"Llangynfelyn – Bedd Taliesin – Taliesin's grave"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Llangynfelyn+%E2%80%93+Bedd+Taliesin+%E2%80%93+Taliesin%27s+grave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.llangynfelyn.org%2Fdogfennau%2Fbedd_taliesin_mynegiad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owen & Morgan (2007) "Dictionary of the Place Names of Wales" p.475</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*Ford, Patrick K. 1992. <i>Ystoria Taliesin</i> University of Wales Press: Cardiff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/myths_taliesin.shtml">"The life of Taliesin the bard"</a>. BBC.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Taliesin+the+bard&rft.pub=BBC.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fhistory%2Fsites%2Fthemes%2Fsociety%2Fmyths_taliesin.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905232027/http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/small/item/GTJ13096">"Gathering the Jewels"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtj.org.uk/en/small/item/GTJ13096">the original</a> on 5 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gathering+the+Jewels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gtj.org.uk%2Fen%2Fsmall%2Fitem%2FGTJ13096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenn.d." class="citation web cs1">Rasmussen, Eric (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlymacintosh.org/">"Apple Macintosh before System 7"</a>. <i>Early Macintosh</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>System 2.0 Finder 4.1 was released in April 1985. ... The Update disk also included the Font/DA Mover application, a Fonts suitcase with one font in it [Taliesin, a pictorial font], and a "What's New" document.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Macintosh&rft.atitle=Apple+Macintosh+before+System+7&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearlymacintosh.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHackettn.d." class="citation web cs1">Hackett, Stephen (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://512pixels.net/dogcow/">"The History of Clarus the Dogcow"</a>. <i>512 Pixels</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=512+Pixels&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Clarus+the+Dogcow&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F512pixels.net%2Fdogcow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKare1983" class="citation web cs1">Kare, Susan (August 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=World_Class_Cities.txt&sortOrder=Sort+by+Date">"World Class Cities"</a>. <i>Folklore</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folklore&rft.atitle=World+Class+Cities&rft.date=1983-08&rft.aulast=Kare&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DWorld_Class_Cities.txt%26sortOrder%3DSort%2Bby%2BDate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEspinosa2018" class="citation web cs1">Espinosa, Chris (21 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/cdespinosa/status/998641665417011201">"I can't find any replica of Taliesin/Mobile but I believe it was bitmapped architecture and furniture pictures. Legal was concerned about the rights of the estate of Frank Lloyd Wright re the Taliesin name. I think 'Mobile' was a pun on the French 'meubles.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=I+can%27t+find+any+replica+of+Taliesin%2FMobile+but+I+believe+it+was+bitmapped+architecture+and+furniture+pictures.+Legal+was+concerned+about+the+rights+of+the+estate+of+Frank+Lloyd+Wright+re+the+Taliesin+name.+I+think+%27Mobile%27+was+a+pun+on+the+French+%27meubles.%27&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft.aulast=Espinosa&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.twitter.com%2Fcdespinosa%2Fstatus%2F998641665417011201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Haycock, Marged <i>Prophecies from the Book of Taliesin</i> (Aberystwyth 2013) and <i>Legendary Poems from the Book of Taliesin</i> (Aberystwyth 2007) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ford, Patrick <i>Ystoria Taliesin</i> (Cardiff, 1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Williams, Sir Ifor, <i>The poems of Taliesin</i> (Dublin 1968)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goettinger-tageblatt.de/Nachrichten/Kultur/Regional/Extravagantes-Programm-beim-Semesterkonzert">"Göttingen, concert article from the world premiere of The Tale of Talisein"</a>. Goettinger Tageblatt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+concert+article+from+the+world+premiere+of+The+Tale+of+Talisein&rft.pub=Goettinger+Tageblatt.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goettinger-tageblatt.de%2FNachrichten%2FKultur%2FRegional%2FExtravagantes-Programm-beim-Semesterkonzert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boosey.com/shop/prod/Romberg-Martin-The-Tale-Of-Taliesin/2289548">"The Tale of Taliesin, Éditions Billaudot distributed by Boosey and Hawkes"</a>. boosey.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tale+of+Taliesin%2C+%C3%89ditions+Billaudot+distributed+by+Boosey+and+Hawkes&rft.pub=boosey.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boosey.com%2Fshop%2Fprod%2FRomberg-Martin-The-Tale-Of-Taliesin%2F2289548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/RvGHiyiODGk">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130810123224/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvGHiyiODGk">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvGHiyiODGk">"Live Recording from concert in Freiberg"</a>. Youtube.com. 2 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+Recording+from+concert+in+Freiberg&rft.pub=Youtube.com.&rft.date=2012-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRvGHiyiODGk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music-nn.ru/afisha/06042018/">"Presentation of the Nizhny Novgorod programe 2018"</a>. music-nn.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+Nizhny+Novgorod+programe+2018&rft.pub=music-nn.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music-nn.ru%2Fafisha%2F06042018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musichallspb.ru/en/orchestra">"Presentation of The Saint-Petersburg Northern Synfonia Orchestra programe 2016"</a>. musichallspb.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+The+Saint-Petersburg+Northern+Synfonia+Orchestra+programe+2016&rft.pub=musichallspb.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusichallspb.ru%2Fen%2Forchestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ford, Patrick K. 1977. <i>The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales</i> Berkeley: University of California Press.</li> <li>Ford, Patrick K. 1992. <i>Ystoria Taliesin</i> University of Wales Press: Cardiff.</li> <li>Ford, Patrick K. 1999. <i>The Celtic Poets: Songs and Tales from Early Ireland and Wales</i> Ford and Bailie: Belmont, Mass.</li> <li>Haycock, Marged 2007. <i>Legendary Poems from the Book of Taliesin</i> (CMCS, Aberystwyth)</li> <li>Haycock, Marged. 1997. "Taliesin's Questions" <i>Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies</i> 33 (Summer): 19–79.</li> <li>Haycock, Marged. 1987. "'Some talk of Alexander and some of Hercules': three early medieval poems from the 'Book of Taliesin." <i>Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies</i> 13 (1987): 7–38.</li> <li>Haycock, Marged. 1987–88. "Llyfr Taliesin," <i>National Library of Wales Journal</i> 25: 357–86.</li> <li>Haycock, Marged. 1983–84. "Preiddeu Annwn and the Figure of Taliesin" <i>Studia Celtica</i>18/19: 52–78.</li> <li>Koch, John T. and John Carey. 2003.<i>The Celtic Heroic Age</i> 3rd ed. Celtic Studies Publishing: Malden, Mass.</li> <li>Koch, John T. "<i>De sancto Iudicaelo rege Historia</i> and Its Implications for the Welsh Taliesin" in Nagy, Joseph Falaky and Jones, Leslie Ellen (eds.) 2005. <i>Heroic Poets and Poetic Heroes in Celtic Tradition: A Festschrift for Patrick K. Ford</i>, Dublin, 247 - 262</li> <li>Koch, John T. "Waiting for Gododdin: Thoughts on Taliesin and Iudic-Hael, Catreath, and unripe time in Celtic studies" in Woolf, Alex (ed.) 2013, <i>Beyond the Gododdin: Dark Age Scotland in Medieval Wales</i>, St. Andrews, 177 - 204</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifor_Williams" title="Ifor Williams">Williams, Ifor</a>. 1960. <i>Canu Taliesin</i>. Translated into English by J. E. Caerwyn Williams as <i>The Poems of Taliesin</i> Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies: Dublin. (first edition 1967, reprinted 1975, 1987)</li> <li>Williams, Ifor. 1944. <i>Lectures on Early Welsh poetry</i>. Dublin: <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies">DIAS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gDILAAAAYAAJ">English Writers: An Attempt Towards a History of English Literature</a>, Henry Morley, William Hall Griffin, Published by Cassell & Company, limited, 1887</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliesin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Taliesin" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Taliesin">Taliesin</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1885–1900 <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography's</a></i> article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Taliesin" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Taliesin">Taliesin</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/theme/taliesin">Taliesin</a> at The Camelot Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/celtic/book/taliesin/index.html"><i>Taliesin</i>: The Bards and Druids of Britain</a> by David William Nash, 1858</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.llgc.org.uk/en/discover/digital-gallery/manuscripts/the-middle-ages/book-of-taliesin/">The Book of Taliesin</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk">National Library of Wales</a> (gives access to colour images of Peniarth MS 2)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wordandsilence.com/2018/08/30/the-great-myths-43-sacred-language-the-story-of-gwion-bach-taliesin-welsh/">Complete text of Patrick Ford's 1977 translation of "The Tale of Taliesin" and "The Tale of Gwion Bach"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/llyfrtaliesin.html"><i>The Book of Taliesin</i>, in Welsh, with English translations by W.F. Skene (1858)</a> (note: Skene's text and translation are not reliable by the standards of modern scholarship)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719015908/http://www.celtnet.org.uk/texts/cronicl_wech_oesoedd/ystoria-taliesin.php">Facsimile version of the Ystoria Taliesin</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134207/http://www.celtnet.org.uk/texts/cronicl_wech_oesoedd/ystoria-taliesin-eng.php">modern English Translation</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> taken from Elis Gruffudd's <i>Cronicl y Chwe Oesoedd</i> (<i>Chronicle of the Six Ages</i>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris-Jones1918" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Morris-Jones" title="John Morris-Jones">Morris-Jones, John</a> (1918), "Taliesin", in Evans, E. Vincent (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ycymmrodor28cymmuoft"><i>Y Cymmrodor</i></a>, vol. XXVIII, London: Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taliesin&rft.btitle=Y+Cymmrodor&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Honourable+Society+of+Cymmrodorion&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Morris-Jones&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fycymmrodor28cymmuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaliesin" class="Z3988"></span> — the entire volume is dedicated to attacking the late dating of Taliesin by John Gwenogvryn Evans. 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Ogledd</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Kingdoms or Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Alt Clut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernicia#British_Bryneich" title="Bernicia">Bryneich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deifr" class="mw-redirect" title="Deifr">Deifr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmet" title="Elmet">Elfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheged" title="Rheged">Rheged</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Important Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calchfynydd" title="Calchfynydd">Calchfynydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidyn" title="Eidyn">Eidyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaw_Gododdin" title="Manaw Gododdin">Manaw Gododdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthuret" title="Arthuret">Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catterick,_North_Yorkshire" title="Catterick, North Yorkshire">Catraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Forest" title="Caledonian Forest">Coed Celyddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbarton Rock">Dumbarton Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Ynys Meddgod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneirin" title="Aneirin">Aneirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydno_Eiddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Clydno Eiddin">Clydno Eiddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedda" title="Cunedda">Cunedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mungo" title="Saint Mungo">Saint Kentigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin ap Gwyddno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwallog_ap_Ll%C3%AAnog" title="Gwallog ap Llênog">Gwallog ap Llênog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddolau" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwenddolau">Gwenddolau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llywarch_Hen" title="Llywarch Hen">Llywarch Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morcant_Bulc" title="Morcant Bulc">Morcant Bulc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_ab_Urien" class="mw-redirect" title="Owain ab Urien">Owain ab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabo_Post_Prydain" title="Pabo Post Prydain">Pabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talhaearn_Tad_Awen" title="Talhaearn Tad Awen">Talhaearn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Gwrgi and Peredur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celtic_mythology_series116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;;background:#90db90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_mythology" title="Template:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_mythology" title="Template talk:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celtic_mythology_series116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a> series</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh mythology</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Texts and tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Branches_of_the_Mabinogi" title="Four Branches of the Mabinogi">Four Branches of the <i>Mabinogi</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pwyll_Pendefig_Dyfed" title="Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed">Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Branwen_ferch_Ll%C5%B7r" title="Branwen ferch Llŷr">Branwen ferch Llŷr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manawydan_fab_Ll%C5%B7r" title="Manawydan fab Llŷr">Manawydan fab Llŷr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Math_fab_Mathonwy_(branch)" title="Math fab Mathonwy (branch)">Math fab Mathonwy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Preiddeu_Annwfn" title="Preiddeu Annwfn">Preiddeu Annwfn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pa_gur" title="Pa gur">Pa gur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Welsh_Romances#Owain,_or_the_Lady_of_the_Fountain" title="Three Welsh Romances">Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Welsh_Romances#Geraint_and_Enid" title="Three Welsh Romances">Geraint and Enid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peredur_son_of_Efrawg" title="Peredur son of Efrawg">Peredur son of Efrawg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Rhonabwy" title="The Dream of Rhonabwy">The Dream of Rhonabwy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geraint_son_of_Erbin" title="Geraint son of Erbin">Geraint son of Erbin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taliesin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cad_Goddeu" title="Cad Goddeu">Cad Goddeu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology#The_Dream_of_Macsen_Wledig" title="Welsh mythology">The Dream of Macsen Wledig</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Englynion_y_Beddau" title="Englynion y Beddau">Englynion y Beddau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Welsh_folklore)" title="Giants (Welsh folklore)">Giant tales</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lludd_and_Llefelys" title="Lludd and Llefelys">Lludd and Llefelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaon_fab_Taliesin" title="Afaon fab Taliesin">Afaon fab Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaethon" title="Amaethon">Amaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawn" title="Arawn">Arawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianrhod" title="Arianrhod">Arianrhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afallach" title="Afallach">Afallach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleiddwn" title="Bleiddwn">Bleiddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blodeuwedd" title="Blodeuwedd">Blodeuwedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedwyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A2n_the_Blessed" title="Brân the Blessed">Bendigeidfran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branwen" title="Branwen">Branwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradog_ap_Bran" title="Caradog ap Bran">Caradog ap Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Caswallawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceridwen" title="Ceridwen">Ceridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigfa" title="Cigfa">Cigfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creiddylad" title="Creiddylad">Creiddylad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyledr_Wyllt" title="Cyledr Wyllt">Cyledr Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymidei_Cymeinfoll" title="Cymidei Cymeinfoll">Cymidei Cymeinfoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynon_ap_Clydno" title="Cynon ap Clydno">Cynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B4n" title="Dôn">Dôn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drudwas_ap_Tryffin" title="Drudwas ap Tryffin">Drudwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_ail_Don" title="Dylan ail Don">Dylan ail Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dywel_fab_Erbin" title="Dywel fab Erbin">Dywel fab Erbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efnysien" title="Efnysien">Efnysien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Elen" title="Saint Elen">Elen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin ap Gwyddno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliwlod" title="Eliwlod">Eliwlod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eufydd_fab_D%C3%B4n" title="Eufydd fab Dôn">Eufydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroswydd" title="Euroswydd">Euroswydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilfaethwy" title="Gilfaethwy">Gilfaethwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glewlwyd_Gafaelfawr" title="Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr">Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goewin" title="Goewin">Goewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofannon" title="Gofannon">Gofannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goreu_fab_Custennin" title="Goreu fab Custennin">Goreu fab Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gronw_Pebr" title="Gronw Pebr">Gronw Pebr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwawl" title="Gwawl">Gwawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwern" title="Gwern">Gwern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwrhyr_Gwalstawd_Ieithoedd" title="Gwrhyr Gwalstawd Ieithoedd">Gwrhyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyddno_Garanhir" title="Gwyddno Garanhir">Gwyddno Garanhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwydion" title="Gwydion">Gwydion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_ap_Nudd" title="Gwyn ap Nudd">Gwyn ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwythyr_ap_Greidawl" title="Gwythyr ap Greidawl">Gwythyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gwalchmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafgan" title="Hafgan">Hafgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefeydd" title="Hefeydd">Hefeydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hueil_mab_Caw" title="Hueil mab Caw">Hueil mab Caw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hychddwn" title="Hychddwn">Hychddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyddwn" title="Hyddwn">Hyddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddog_ap_Mynio" title="Iddog ap Mynio">Iddog ap Mynio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Gawr" title="Idris Gawr">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llefelys" title="Llefelys">Llefelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleu_Llaw_Gyffes" title="Lleu Llaw Gyffes">Lleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C5%B7r" title="Llŷr">Llŷr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lludd_Llaw_Eraint" title="Lludd Llaw Eraint">Lludd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwyd_ap_Cil_Coed" title="Llwyd ap Cil Coed">Llwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabon_ap_Modron" title="Mabon ap Modron">Mabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madoc_ap_Uthyr" title="Madoc ap Uthyr">Madoc ap Uthyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Macsen Wledig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallt-y-Nos" title="Mallt-y-Nos">Mallt-y-Nos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawydan" title="Manawydan">Manawydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_fab_Mathonwy" title="Math fab Mathonwy">Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matholwch" title="Matholwch">Matholwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menw" title="Menw">Menw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modron" title="Modron">Modron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfydd" title="Morfydd">Morfydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfran" title="Morfran">Morfran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Myrddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisien" title="Nisien">Nisien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penarddun" title="Penarddun">Penarddun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penpingion" class="mw-redirect" title="Penpingion">Penpingion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pryderi" title="Pryderi">Pryderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwyll" title="Pwyll">Pwyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiannon" title="Rhiannon">Rhiannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cyllin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cyllin">Saint Cyllin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Eigen" title="Saint Eigen">Saint Eigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanddef" title="Sanddef">Sanddef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seithenyn" title="Seithenyn">Seithenyn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegid_Foel" title="Tegid Foel">Tegid Foel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teyrnon" title="Teyrnon">Teyrnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysbaddaden" title="Ysbaddaden">Ysbaddaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Animals and<br />creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adar_Llwch_Gwin" title="Adar Llwch Gwin">Adar Llwch Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adar_Rhiannon" title="Adar Rhiannon">Adar Rhiannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aderyn_y_Corff" title="Aderyn y Corff">Aderyn y Corff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afanc" title="Afanc">Afanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenin_Llwyd" title="Brenin Llwyd">Brenin Llwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceffyl_D%C5%B5r" title="Ceffyl Dŵr">Ceffyl Dŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Welsh_folklore)" title="Giants (Welsh folklore)">Cewri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coblyn" title="Coblyn">Coblyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraniaid" title="Coraniaid">Coraniaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%B5n_Annwn" title="Cŵn Annwn">Cŵn Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dreigiau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dragon" title="White dragon">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwragedd_Annwn" title="Gwragedd Annwn">Gwragedd Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyllgi" title="Gwyllgi">Gwyllgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyllion" title="Gwyllion">Gwyllion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamhigyn_y_D%C5%B5r" title="Llamhigyn y Dŵr">Llamhigyn y Dŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgen_(mythological_creature)" title="Morgen (mythological creature)">Morgens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeling#Wales" title="Changeling">Plentyn Newid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAca" title="Púca">Pwca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylwyth_Teg" title="Tylwyth Teg">Tylwyth Teg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annwn" title="Annwn">Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caer_Sidi" title="Caer Sidi">Caer Sidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantre%27r_Gwaelod" title="Cantre'r Gwaelod">Cantre'r Gwaelod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyfed" title="Dyfed">Dyfed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Narberth,_Pembrokeshire" title="Narberth, Pembrokeshire">Arberth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grassholm" title="Grassholm">Gwales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aberffraw" title="Aberffraw">Aberffraw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantref_Arfon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantref Arfon">Arfon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardudwy" title="Ardudwy">Ardudwy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caer_Dathyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Caer Dathyl">Caer Dathyl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ludgate" title="Ludgate">Ludgate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Neith" title="Cross of Neith">Cross of Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a> (Caledfwlch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_Dadeni" title="Pair Dadeni">Cauldron of rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llech_Ronw" title="Llech Ronw">Llech Ronw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Treasures_of_the_Island_of_Britain" title="Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain">Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357835#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1670" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357835#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1670" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357835#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066698107">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/281217740">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/156487/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/100970427">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85120077">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001129068">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074871757">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90622890">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007429665505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1653597X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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