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location">34.65°N 135.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.65; 135.6</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Earthquake in Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake is located in Japan"><img alt="1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake is located in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/240px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/360px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/480px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.77%;left:34.998%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-25px;top:-25px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake"><img alt="1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/50px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/75px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/100px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">September 5, 1596<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1596-09-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">7.5 ± 0.25 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mjma" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000003-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="JMA mag.">M<sub>JMA</sub></span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&params=34.65_N_135.6_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">135°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.65°N 135.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.65; 135.6</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(255, 40, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency_seismic_intensity_scale#jma_6" title="Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">JMA 6</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">>1,200 dead</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Keichō–Fushimi earthquake</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">慶長伏見地震</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Keicho–Fushimi Jishin</i></span>)</span> struck Japan on September 5, 1596. The earthquake measuring 7.5 ± 0.25 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mjma" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="JMA mag.">M<sub>JMA</sub></span></a> produced intense shaking (evaluated at <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency_seismic_intensity_scale" title="Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale">Shindo 6</a></i>) across the <a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miyazawa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miyazawa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devastation was recorded in Kyoto and over 1,200 people perished.<sup id="cite_ref-zisin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zisin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectonic_setting">Tectonic setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tectonic setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island of Honshu is situated in a region of complex plate <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">convergence</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amurian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amurian Plate">Amurian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_plate" title="Philippine Sea plate">Philippine Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okhotsk_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Okhotsk plate">Okhotsk plates</a>. While a large component of the convergence is accommodated by <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Nankai_Trough" title="Nankai Trough">Nankai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan_Trench" title="Japan Trench">Japan Trenches</a>, shallow <a href="/wiki/Intraplate_deformation" title="Intraplate deformation">intraplate deformation</a> occurs as well. Due to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Oblique_subduction" title="Oblique subduction">oblique subduction</a> of the Philippine Sea plate, right-lateral strike-slip deformation occurs in Japan. The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Median_Tectonic_Line" title="Japan Median Tectonic Line">Japan Median Tectonic Line</a> (MTL) and <a href="/wiki/Itoigawa-Shizuoka_Tectonic_Line" title="Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line">Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line</a> are two major fault zones that accommodate this deformation. These faults are associated with strike-slip and dip-slip faulting.<sup id="cite_ref-Kanaori_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kanaori-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japan MTL is among the longest and most active fault zones in Japan, and has a length of 400 km (250 mi), running parallel to the Nankai Trough. The understanding of earthquakes along the Japan MTL is limited due to its very long seismic <a href="/wiki/Recurrence_interval" class="mw-redirect" title="Recurrence interval">recurrence intervals</a> of up to 3,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Lin1998_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg/200px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg/300px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg/400px-Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>An 1879 woodblock print in <a href="/wiki/Yoshitoshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoshitoshi">Yoshitoshi</a>'s <i>Mirror of Famous Generals of Great Japan</i> depicting <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> being rescued by <a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8D_Kiyomasa" title="Katō Kiyomasa">Katō Kiyomasa</a> during the 1596 earthquake.</figcaption></figure> <p>Extensive damage occurred in <a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Keihanshin</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Awaji_Island" title="Awaji Island">Awaji Island</a>. More than 1,000 people died in Kyoto and Sakai—the <a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Castle" title="Fushimi Castle">Fushimi Castle</a> in Kyoto which was under construction collapsed, killing 600 people. In Sakai, an additional 600 died.<sup id="cite_ref-zisin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zisin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temples including the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8D-ji" title="Tō-ji">Tō-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB-ji" title="Tenryū-ji">Tenryū-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nison-in" title="Nison-in">Nison-in</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daikaku-ji" title="Daikaku-ji">Daikaku-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%8D-ji_(Kyoto)" title="Hōkō-ji (Kyoto)">Hōkō-ji</a> were destroyed. Newly constructed, the <a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Castle" title="Fushimi Castle">Fushimi Castle</a> was destroyed. Ruins of the castle including its stone foundation and other artefacts were excavated near <a href="/wiki/Momoyama_Station" title="Momoyama Station">Momoyama Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Komatsu21_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komatsu21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthquake was felt intensely in <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu" title="Takamatsu">Takamatsu</a>. Evidence for <a href="/wiki/Soil_liquefaction" title="Soil liquefaction">liquefaction</a> was uncovered <a href="/wiki/Yawata" title="Yawata">Yawata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amagasaki" title="Amagasaki">Amagasaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jishin-info_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jishin-info-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">Landslides</a> were triggered at <a href="/wiki/Imashirozuka_Kofun" title="Imashirozuka Kofun">Imashirozuka Kofun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Takatsuki" title="Takatsuki">Takatsuki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nada-ku,_Kobe" title="Nada-ku, Kobe">Nada-ku, Kobe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamai2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamai2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Daibutsu" title="Daibutsu">Daibutsu</a></i>, a Buddha statue at Hōkō-ji was heavily damaged—in an account by a priest at <a href="/wiki/Daigo-ji" title="Daigo-ji">Daigo-ji</a>, its chest collapsed initially followed by both hands. Cracks appeared all over the statue. The damaged statue angered <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, who later shot an arrow into its face. Historians believed Hideyoshi used the Great Buddha to display power rather than for worship. The statue remained in ruins until 1597 when it was ordered to be demolished. Hideyoshi's successor, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyori" title="Toyotomi Hideyori">Toyotomi Hideyori</a>, reconstructed the <i>Daibutsu</i> after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Murayama2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murayama2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kawauchi2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawauchi2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The event was the third of three destructive earthquakes occurring five days apart across the Japan MTL. The region was also previously devastated by the <a href="/wiki/1586_Tensh%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1586 Tenshō earthquake">1586 Tenshō earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Toda18_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toda18-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first earthquake (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Iyo_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1596 Keichō–Iyo earthquake (page does not exist)">Keichō–Iyo earthquake</a>), occurred on September 1. It ruptured the Japan MTL at the western Shikoku area. It was followed by the Keichō-Bungo earthquake on either September 1 or 4 which affected <a href="/wiki/Beppu_Bay" title="Beppu Bay">Beppu Bay</a>. The Keichō–Iyo earthquake was inferred to have occurred when the Kawakami and Iyo faults ruptured. Due to historical discrepancies, the two dates were proposed for the occurrence of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D-Bungo_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1596 Keichō-Bungo earthquake (page does not exist)">Keichō-Bungo earthquake</a>. This earthquake was caused by faults around Beppu Bay rupturing. <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">Tsunamis</a> were reported. These earthquakes triggered by <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_stress_transfer" title="Coulomb stress transfer">coulomb stress transfer</a> within a short timespan is similar to the 1939–1999 earthquake sequence along the <a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ikeda2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ikeda2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paleoseismology" title="Paleoseismology">Paleoseismological</a> studies on the Japan MTL and Arima–Takatsuki–Rokko–Awaji Fault (ATRAF) began after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a> of 1995. Paleoseismic earthquakes were discovered after these studies. Radiocarbon dating of these events corresponded to pre-1660 BC, 1660 BC ± 220 AD, 30 ± 220 AD to 600 AD and <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a> AD. These earthquakes produced an average right-lateral strike-slip displacement of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). The most recent event corresponded to the 1596 rupture. A surface rupture associated with the earthquake was traced along the Gosukebashi Fault (northern segment of the ATRAF) at the eastern side of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rokk%C5%8D" title="Mount Rokkō">Mount Rokkō</a>. Surface rupturing may also have occurred along the Higashiura and Nojima faults, southern segments of the ATRAF. Geological studies however, do not support the existence of a surface rupture along the Nojima Fault. Another paleoseismic event on the Gosukebashi Fault, dated between 30 ± 220 AD to 600 AD, corresponded to the 416 AD Yamato earthquake, the earliest historical earthquake in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Lin1998_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further studies also suggest seismically active faults on Awaji Island, including the Naruto Fault, also ruptured during the same period. Segments of the Japan MTL on <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> may have also ruptured. Studies suggested that the fault segment last ruptured in the 16th century. Trenching uncovered that slip of up to 6.9 ± 0.7 m (22.6 ± 2.3 ft) was produced from the most recent event which may be associated with the Keicho–Fushimi earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsutsumi1996_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsutsumi1996-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ikeda Fault, a segment of the Japan MTL on Shikoku caused 3.5 m (11 ft) of right-lateral and 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) of vertical offset, respectively, which might have been produced during the event.<sup id="cite_ref-Patria22_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria22-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">List of earthquakes in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_earthquakes" title="List of historical earthquakes">List of historical earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_Keich%C5%8D%E2%80%93Fushimi_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Miyazawa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miyazawa_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiyazawaMori2006" class="citation journal cs1">Miyazawa, Masatoshi; Mori, Jim (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/nenpo/no48/48c0/a48c0p13.pdf">"Historical Maximum Seismic Intensity Maps in Japan from 1586 to 2004: Construction of Database and Application"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Seismological Research Letters</i>. <b>77</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">154–</span>158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1785%2Fgssrl.77.2.154">10.1785/gssrl.77.2.154</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_earthquakes_(1000%E2%80%931500)" title="Template:Historical earthquakes (1000–1500)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_earthquakes_(1000%E2%80%931500)" title="Template talk:Historical earthquakes (1000–1500)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_earthquakes_(1000%E2%80%931500)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical earthquakes (1000–1500)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_earthquakes_(1000_AD–1500_AD)149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_earthquakes" title="List of historical earthquakes">Historical earthquakes (1000 AD–1500 AD)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1026_Manju_tsunami" title="1026 Manju tsunami">1026 Manju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Valley_earthquake" title="1033 Jordan Valley earthquake">1033 Jordan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1038_Dingxiang_earthquake" title="1038 Dingxiang earthquake">1038 Dingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1068_Near_East_earthquake" title="1068 Near East earthquake">1068 Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1088_Tmogvi_earthquake" title="1088 Tmogvi earthquake">1088 Tmogvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1114_Marash_earthquake" title="1114 Marash earthquake">1114 Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1117_Verona_earthquake" title="1117 Verona earthquake">1117 Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1138_Aleppo_earthquake" title="1138 Aleppo earthquake">1138 Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1139_Ganja_earthquake" title="1139 Ganja earthquake">1139 Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1157_Hama_earthquake" title="1157 Hama earthquake">1157 Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1169_Sicily_earthquake" title="1169 Sicily earthquake">1169 Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170_Syria_earthquake" title="1170 Syria earthquake">1170 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1185_East_Midlands_earthquake" title="1185 East Midlands earthquake">1185 East Midlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1202_Syria_earthquake" title="1202 Syria earthquake">1202 Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1222_Brescia_earthquake" title="1222 Brescia earthquake">1222 Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1222_Cyprus_earthquake" title="1222 Cyprus earthquake">1222 Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1269_Cilicia_earthquake" title="1269 Cilicia earthquake">1269 Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1275_British_earthquake" title="1275 British earthquake">1275 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1290_Zhili_earthquake" title="1290 Zhili earthquake">1290 Zhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1293_Kamakura_earthquake" title="1293 Kamakura earthquake">1293 Kamakura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1303_Crete_earthquake" title="1303 Crete earthquake">1303 Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1303_Hongdong_earthquake" title="1303 Hongdong earthquake">1303 Hongdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1343_Naples_tsunami" title="1343 Naples tsunami">1343 Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1348_Friuli_earthquake" title="1348 Friuli earthquake">1348 Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1349_Apennine_earthquakes" title="1349 Apennine earthquakes">1349 Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1356_Basel_earthquake" title="1356 Basel earthquake">1356 Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1361_Sh%C5%8Dhei_earthquake" title="1361 Shōhei earthquake">1361 Shōhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1382_Dover_Straits_earthquake" title="1382 Dover Straits earthquake">1382 Dover Straits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1420_Caldera_earthquake" title="1420 Caldera earthquake">1420 Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1428_Catalonia_earthquake" title="1428 Catalonia earthquake">1428 Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456_Central_Italy_earthquakes" title="1456 Central Italy earthquakes">1456 Central Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haowhenua_earthquake" title="Haowhenua earthquake">Haowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1461_L%27Aquila_earthquake" title="1461 L'Aquila earthquake">1461 L'Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1475_Tenochtitlan_earthquake" title="1475 Tenochtitlan earthquake">1475 Tenochtitlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1481_Rhodes_earthquake" title="1481 Rhodes earthquake">1481 Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1491_Cyprus_earthquake" title="1491 Cyprus earthquake">1491 Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1498_Mei%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1498 Meiō earthquake">1498 Meiō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1505_Lo_Mustang_earthquake" title="1505 Lo Mustang earthquake">1505 Lo Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1509_Constantinople_earthquake" title="1509 Constantinople earthquake">1509 Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1511_Idrija_earthquake" title="1511 Idrija earthquake">1511 Idrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1513_Marash_earthquake" title="1513 Marash earthquake">1513 Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1522_Almer%C3%ADa_earthquake" title="1522 Almería earthquake">1522 Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1522_Vila_Franca_earthquake" title="1522 Vila Franca earthquake">1522 Vila Franca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1536_Xichang_earthquake" title="1536 Xichang earthquake">1536 Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1531_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1531 Lisbon earthquake">1531 Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1555_Kashmir_earthquake" title="1555 Kashmir earthquake">1555 Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake" title="1556 Shaanxi earthquake">1556 Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1570_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1570 Concepción earthquake">1570 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1570_Ferrara_earthquake" title="1570 Ferrara earthquake">1570 Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1575_San_Salvador_earthquake" title="1575 San Salvador earthquake">1575 San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1575_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1575 Valdivia earthquake">1575 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580_Dover_Straits_earthquake" title="1580 Dover Straits earthquake">1580 Dover Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1582_Ancuancu_earthquake" title="1582 Ancuancu earthquake">1582 Ancuancu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1584_Aigle_earthquake" title="1584 Aigle earthquake">1584 Aigle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Aleutian_Islands_earthquake" title="1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake">1585 Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1586_Tensh%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1586 Tenshō earthquake">1586 Tenshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1586_Lima%E2%80%93Callao_earthquake" title="1586 Lima–Callao earthquake">1586 Lima–Callao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1596 Keichō–Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1590_Neulengbach_earthquake" title="1590 Neulengbach earthquake">1590 Neulengbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Japan103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Japan" title="Template:Earthquakes in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Japan103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/679_Tsukushi_earthquake" title="679 Tsukushi earthquake">679 Tsukushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/684_Hakuh%C5%8D_earthquake" title="684 Hakuhō earthquake">684 Hakuho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/869_J%C5%8Dgan_earthquake" title="869 Jōgan earthquake">869 Jōgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1026_Manju_tsunami" title="1026 Manju tsunami">1026 Manju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1293_Kamakura_earthquake" title="1293 Kamakura earthquake">1293 Kamakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1361_Sh%C5%8Dhei_earthquake" title="1361 Shōhei earthquake">1361 Shōhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1498_Mei%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1498 Meiō earthquake">1498 Meiō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1586_Tensh%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1586 Tenshō earthquake">1586 Tenshō</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1596 Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1605_Keich%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1605 Keichō earthquake">1605 Keichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1611_Aizu_earthquake" title="1611 Aizu earthquake">1611 Aizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1611_Sanriku_earthquake" title="1611 Sanriku earthquake">1611 Sanriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1662_Kanbun_earthquake" title="1662 Kanbun earthquake">1662 Kanbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1662_Hy%C5%ABga-nada_earthquake" title="1662 Hyūga-nada earthquake">1662 Hyūga-nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1677_B%C5%8Ds%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1677 Bōsō earthquake">1677 Bōsō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_Genroku_earthquake" title="1703 Genroku earthquake">1703 Genroku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1707_H%C5%8Dei_earthquake" title="1707 Hōei earthquake">1707 Hōei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1741_eruption_of_Oshima%E2%80%93%C5%8Cshima_and_the_Kampo_tsunami" title="1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami">1741 Kampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1751_Takada_earthquake" title="1751 Takada earthquake">1751 Takada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1771_Great_Yaeyama_Tsunami" title="1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami">1771 Great Yaeyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_Unzen_earthquake_and_tsunami" class="mw-redirect" title="1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami">1792 Unzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Kisakata_earthquake" title="1804 Kisakata earthquake">1804 Kisakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_Sanj%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1828 Sanjō earthquake">1828 Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1833_Sh%C5%8Dnai_earthquake" title="1833 Shōnai earthquake">1833 Shōnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_Zenkoji_earthquake" title="1847 Zenkoji earthquake">1847 Zenkoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Iga%E2%80%93Ueno_earthquake" title="1854 Iga–Ueno earthquake">1854 Iga–Ueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Nankai_earthquake" title="1854 Nankai earthquake">1854 Nankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_T%C5%8Dkai_earthquake" title="1854 Tōkai earthquake">1854 Tōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_Edo_earthquake" title="1855 Edo earthquake">1855 Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_Hietsu_earthquake" title="1858 Hietsu earthquake">1858 Hietsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Hamada_earthquake" title="1872 Hamada earthquake">1872 Hamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_Kumamoto_earthquake" title="1889 Kumamoto earthquake">1889 Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Mino%E2%80%93Owari_earthquake" title="1891 Mino–Owari earthquake">1891 Mino–Owari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Tokyo_earthquake" title="1894 Tokyo earthquake">1894 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Sh%C5%8Dnai_earthquake" title="1894 Shōnai earthquake">1894 Shōnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Sanriku_earthquake" title="1896 Sanriku earthquake">1896 Sanriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Rikuu_earthquake" title="1896 Rikuu earthquake">1896 Rikuu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1909_Anegawa_earthquake" title="1909 Anegawa earthquake">1909 Anegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Kikai_Island_earthquake" title="1911 Kikai Island earthquake">1911 Kikai Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Senboku_earthquake" title="1914 Senboku earthquake">1914 Senboku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Shimabara_earthquake" title="1922 Shimabara earthquake">1922 Shimabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_North_Tajima_earthquake" title="1925 North Tajima earthquake">1925 North Tajima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_North_Tango_earthquake" title="1927 North Tango earthquake">1927 North Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_North_Izu_earthquake" title="1930 North Izu earthquake">1930 North Izu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Sanriku_earthquake" title="1933 Sanriku earthquake">1933 Sanriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Miyagi_earthquake" title="1936 Miyagi earthquake">1936 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Oga_earthquake" title="1939 Oga earthquake">1939 Oga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Shakotan_earthquake" title="1940 Shakotan earthquake">1940 Shakotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Hy%C5%ABga-nada_earthquake" title="1941 Hyūga-nada earthquake">1941 Hyūga-nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Tottori_earthquake" title="1943 Tottori earthquake">1943 Tottori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_T%C5%8Dnankai_earthquake" title="1944 Tōnankai earthquake">1944 Tōnankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Mikawa_earthquake" title="1945 Mikawa earthquake">1945 Mikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Nankai_earthquake" title="1946 Nankai earthquake">1946 Nankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Fukui_earthquake" title="1948 Fukui earthquake">1948 Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Tokachi_earthquake" title="1952 Tokachi earthquake">1952 Tokachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_North_Mino_earthquake" title="1961 North Mino earthquake">1961 North Mino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Kuril_Islands_earthquake" title="1963 Kuril Islands earthquake">1963 Kuril Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Niigata_earthquake" title="1964 Niigata earthquake">1964 Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Ebino_earthquake" title="1968 Ebino earthquake">1968 Ebino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Hy%C5%ABga-nada_earthquake" title="1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake">1968 Hyūga-nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Tokachi_earthquake" title="1968 Tokachi earthquake">1968 Tokachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nemuro_earthquake" title="1973 Nemuro earthquake">1973 Nemuro Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Izu_Peninsula_earthquake" title="1974 Izu Peninsula earthquake">1974 Izu Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Izu_%C5%8Cshima_earthquake" title="1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake">1978 Izu Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Miyagi_earthquake" title="1978 Miyagi earthquake">1978 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Urakawa_earthquake" title="1982 Urakawa earthquake">1982 Urakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Sea_of_Japan_earthquake" title="1983 Sea of Japan earthquake">1983 Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Nagano_earthquake" title="1984 Nagano earthquake">1984 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Kushiro_earthquake" title="1993 Kushiro earthquake">1993 Kushiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Okushiri_earthquake" title="1993 Okushiri earthquake">1993 Okushiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_offshore_Sanriku_earthquake" title="1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake">1994 offshore Sanriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">1995 Hanshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Izu_Islands_earthquakes" title="2000 Izu Islands earthquakes">2000 Izu Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Tottori_earthquake" title="2000 Tottori earthquake">2000 Tottori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Geiyo_earthquake" title="2001 Geiyo earthquake">2001 Geiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Miyagi_earthquakes" title="2003 Miyagi earthquakes">2003 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tokachi_earthquake" title="2003 Tokachi earthquake">2003 Tokachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ch%C5%ABetsu_earthquake" title="2004 Chūetsu earthquake">2004 Chūetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Fukuoka_earthquake" title="2005 Fukuoka earthquake">2005 Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Miyagi_earthquake" title="2005 Miyagi earthquake">2005 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Kuril_Islands_earthquake" title="2006 Kuril Islands earthquake">2006 Kuril Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ch%C5%ABetsu_offshore_earthquake" title="2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake">2007 Chūetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kuril_Islands_earthquake" title="2007 Kuril Islands earthquake">2007 Kuril Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Noto_earthquake" title="2007 Noto earthquake">2007 Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iwate%E2%80%93Miyagi_Nairiku_earthquake" title="2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake">2008 Iwate–Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2008_Iwate_earthquake" title="July 2008 Iwate earthquake">2008 Iwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Shizuoka_earthquake" title="2009 Shizuoka earthquake">2009 Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nagano_earthquake" title="2011 Nagano earthquake">2011 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Shizuoka_earthquake" title="2011 Shizuoka earthquake">2011 Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2011_Miyagi_earthquake" title="April 2011 Miyagi earthquake">2011 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2011_Fukushima_earthquake" title="April 2011 Fukushima earthquake">2011 Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Chiba_earthquake" title="2012 Chiba earthquake">2012 Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sanriku_earthquake" title="2012 Sanriku earthquake">2012 Sanriku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nagano_earthquake" title="2014 Nagano earthquake">2014 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ogasawara_earthquake" title="2015 Ogasawara earthquake">2015 Ogasawara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kumamoto_earthquakes" title="2016 Kumamoto earthquakes">2016 Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Tottori_earthquake" title="2016 Tottori earthquake">2016 Tottori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Fukushima_earthquake" title="2016 Fukushima earthquake">2016 Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Osaka_earthquake" title="2018 Osaka earthquake">2018 Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Hokkaido_Eastern_Iburi_earthquake" title="2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake">2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Yamagata_earthquake" title="2019 Yamagata earthquake">2019 Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Fukushima_earthquake" title="2021 Fukushima earthquake">2021 Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2021_Miyagi_earthquake" title="March 2021 Miyagi earthquake">2021 Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Chiba_earthquake" title="2021 Chiba earthquake">2021 Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Fukushima_earthquake" title="2022 Fukushima earthquake">2022 Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Noto_earthquake" title="2023 Noto earthquake">2023 Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake" title="2024 Noto earthquake">2024 Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hy%C5%ABga-nada_earthquake" title="2024 Hyūga-nada earthquake">2024 Hyūga-nada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_megathrust_earthquakes" title="Nankai megathrust earthquakes">Nankai megathrust earthquakes</a> 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