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class="mw-page-title-main">Vilhelm Erövraren</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> första normandiska kungen av England </div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Artikel</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diskussion:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Diskussion</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" 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solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style> <p><b>Vilhelm I</b>, främst känd som <b>Vilhelm Erövraren</b> (eng. <i>William the Conqueror</i>, även <i>William the Bastard</i> ("Vilhelm oäktingen")),<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> född omkring <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1028?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1028">1028</a> på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slottet_i_Falaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slottet i Falaise">Château de Falaise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bates33_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates33-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> död <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_september?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 september">9 september</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1087?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1087">1087</a> i klostret St Gervaise i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, var den första <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normander?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normander">normandiska</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Englands_regenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista över Englands regenter">kungen av England</a>. Han regerade från 1066 till sin död 1087. Vilhelm härstammade från <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking">vikingar</a> och var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertig_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertig av Normandie">hertig av Normandie</a> sedan 1035 som <b>Vilhelm II</b>. Hans grepp om herraväldet i Normandie var stabilt runt 1060 och han inledde därefter den <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandiska_er%C3%B6vringen_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandiska erövringen av England">normandiska erövringen av England</a> 1066.</p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 88%; text-align: left; width: 22em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #CCBBEE; color: #000000; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;" class="fn">Vilhelm Erövraren</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vilhelm Erövraren till häst under slaget vid Hastings. Detalj ur det över sjuttio meter långa broderiet bayeuxtapeten från 1070-talet. Del av samlingarna på Musée de la Tapisserie de Bayeux i Bayeux i Normandie i norra Frankrike."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg/250px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="732" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg/375px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene55_William_lifting_his_helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="1288"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Vilhelm Erövraren till häst under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hastings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Hastings">slaget vid Hastings</a>. Detalj ur det över sjuttio meter långa broderiet <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayeuxtapeten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayeuxtapeten">bayeuxtapeten</a> från 1070-talet. Del av samlingarna på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Tapisserie_de_Bayeux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Musée de la Tapisserie de Bayeux [inte skriven än]">Musée de la Tapisserie de Bayeux</a> i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayeux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a> i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandie">Normandie</a> i norra <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hertig_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertig av Normandie">Hertig av Normandie</a></b> <small></small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Regeringstid</th> <td>3 juli 1035–9 september 1087</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Företrädare</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_I_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert I av Normandie">Robert den magnifike</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Efterträdare</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_II_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert II av Normandie">Robert Curthose</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Englands_regenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista över Englands regenter">Kung av England</a></b> <small></small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Regeringstid</th> <td>25 december 1066–9 september 1087</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Kröning</th> <td>25 december 1066 i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Företrädare</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_the_Aetheling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Aetheling">Edgar den fredlöse</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Efterträdare</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilhelm II av England">Vilhelm Rufus</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; height: 4px; text-align: center;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Gemål</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matilda_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matilda av Flandern">Matilda av Flandern</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Ätt</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandiska_%C3%A4tten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandiska ätten">Normandiska ätten</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Far</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_I_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert I av Normandie">Robert den magnifike</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Mor</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herleva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herleva">Herleva</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Född</th> <td>Omkring <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1028?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1028">1028</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bates33_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates33-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slottet_i_Falaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slottet i Falaise">Slottet i Falaise</a> i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandie">Normandie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Död</th> <td><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9_september?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9 september">9 september</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1087?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1087">1087</a> (ca 59 år)<br> S:t Gervaises kloster i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> i Normandie</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Begravd</th> <td><span class="label">Klostret Abbaye Saint-Étienne i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caen">Caen</a> i Frankrike</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Vilhelm var son till den ogifte <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_I_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert I av Normandie">Robert I av Normandie</a> och hans <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84lskarinna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Älskarinna">älskarinna</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herleva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herleva">Herleva</a>. Att han var oäkting och mycket ung när han efterträdde fadern gjorde det till en början svårt för honom att regera. Den normandiska aristokratin förde en hård inbördes kamp dels för att få kontroll över den unge Vilhelm, dels för att skjuta fram sina egna maktpositioner. Vilhelm lyckades 1047 kväsa ett uppror och inledde därmed en konsolidering av sitt hertigdöme, något som inte fullbordades förrän omkring 1060. Genom äktenskapet med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matilda_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matilda av Flandern">Matilda av Flandern</a> på 1050-talet fick han en värdefull allians med grevskapet <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grevskapet_Flandern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grevskapet Flandern [inte skriven än]">Flandern</a>. Han utsåg sina anhängare till biskopar och abbotar inom den normandiska kyrkan och kunde därmed stärka sin makt och 1062 tog han även kontrollen över <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maine_(provins)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maine (provins)">Maine</a>, söder om Normandie.</p> <p>Under 1050-talet och tidigt 1060-tal blev Vilhelm en utmanare i kampen om den engelska kronan som då innehades av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bek%C3%A4nnaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Bekännaren">Edvard Bekännaren</a>, släkting till Vilhelm och utan direkta arvingar. Den mäktiga earlen <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harald_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Godwinson">Harald Godwinson</a> utsågs till efterträdare vid Edvard Bekännarens dödsbädd i januari 1066. Vilhelm menade att Edvard tidigare hade lovat honom kungatiteln och att Harald hade svurit att stödja Vilhelm i detta. Vilhelm samlade en stor flotta och invaderade England i september 1066 och dödade Harald under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hastings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Hastings">slaget vid Hastings</a> den 14 oktober 1066. Efter ytterligare stridigheter kröntes Vilhelm till kung i London på juldagen 1066. Han tillsatte år 1067 personer som kunde styra England i hans ställe och återvände sedan till Normandie. Flera uppror utbröt under åren efter erövringen, men alla slogs ner och 1075 hade Vilhelm säkrat sin position i England och kunde tillbringa större delen av sin regeringstid på kontinenten.</p> <p>Vilhelms sista år utmärktes av svårigheter med hans besittningar på kontinenten, stridigheter med den äldste sonen och hotet från <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daner">danernas</a> invasioner av England. Han lät 1086 sammanställa <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domesday_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i>, en kartläggning över alla jordägare i England och deras ägor. Vilhelm avled i september 1087 under ett fälttåg i norra Frankrike och begravdes i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caen">Caen</a>. Hans regeringstid kännetecknades av ett omfattande borgbygge, etableringen av en ny normandisk adel i England och en förändring av prästerskapets sammansättning. Han försökte inte foga samman sina olika domäner till ett enat rike utan valde att styra varje del som skilda feodala besittningar. Efter Vilhelms död delades hans områden upp; äldste sonen <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Curthose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Curthose">Robert</a> fick Normandie och den näst äldste <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilhelm II av England">Vilhelm II</a> fick England.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Innehåll</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bakgrund"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Bakgrund</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barndom"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Barndom</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Utseende_och_personlighet"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Utseende och personlighet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hertig_av_Normandie"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Hertig av Normandie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Strider_om_den_minder%C3%A5rige_hertigen"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Strider om den minderårige hertigen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maktbef%C3%A4stande"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Maktbefästande</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Den_normandiska_administrationen"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Den normandiska administrationen</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#I_England_och_p%C3%A5_kontinenten"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">I England och på kontinenten</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Er%C3%B6vringen_av_England"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Erövringen av England</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Haralds_f%C3%B6rberedelser"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Haralds förberedelser</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vilhelms_f%C3%B6rberedelser"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Vilhelms förberedelser</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tostigs_och_H%C3%A5rdr%C3%A5des_invasion"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tostigs och Hårdrådes invasion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Slaget_vid_Hastings"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Slaget vid Hastings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Marsch_mot_London"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Marsch mot London</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maktbef%C3%A4stande_2"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Maktbefästande</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Efter_kr%C3%B6ningen"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Efter kröningen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Engelskt_motst%C3%A5nd"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Engelskt motstånd</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kyrkliga_angel%C3%A4genheter"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Kyrkliga angelägenheter</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Problem_i_England_och_p%C3%A5_kontinenten"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Problem i England och på kontinenten</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Danska_r%C3%A4der_och_uppror_i_norr"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Danska räder och uppror i norr</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Earlernas_revolt"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Earlernas revolt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Problem_utomlands_och_p%C3%A5_hemmafronten"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Problem utomlands och på hemmafronten</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#De_sista_%C3%A5ren"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">De sista åren</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vilhelm_som_kung"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Vilhelm som kung</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#F%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndringar_i_England_g%C3%A4llande_borgar,_skogar_och_adel"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Förändringar i England gällande borgar, skogar och adel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administration"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Administration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Domesday_Book"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Domesday Book</i></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%B6d"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Död</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Efterm%C3%A4le"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Eftermäle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anf%C3%A4der"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Anfäder</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Familj_och_barn"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Familj och barn</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anm%C3%A4rkningar"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Anmärkningar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referenser"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Referenser</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Noter"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">Noter</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tryckta_k%C3%A4llor"><span class="tocnumber">15.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tryckta källor</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Externa_l%C3%A4nkar"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Externa länkar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bakgrund">Bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bakgrund" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Vikingar påbörjade sin plundring av det område som kom att bli <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandie">Normandie</a> i slutet av 700-talet. De första permanenta skandinaviska bosättningarna grundades 911 efter att vikingaledaren <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rollo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rollo">Rollo</a> plundrade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> ett flertal gånger. Den dåvarande franske kungen <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_den_enfaldige?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl den enfaldige">Karl den enfaldige</a> erbjöd Rollo området kring <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> för att slippa fortsatta räder. Området kring Rouen skulle sedan bli kärnan av grevskapet Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins376_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Collins376-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normandie kan ha använts som en bas när skandinaviska attacker mot England återupptogs i slutet av 900-talet, vilket skulle ha försämrat relationen mellan England och Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams42_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Williams42-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethelred_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethelred II av England">Ethelred den villrådige</a> försökte förbättra relationerna genom att gifta sig med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emma_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emma av Normandie">Emma av Normandie</a>, syster till hertig <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rickard_II_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickard II av Normandie">Rickard II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams54_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Williams54-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>De danska räderna mot England fortsatte och Ethelred sökte stöd från Rickard. Efter att <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sven_Tvesk%C3%A4gg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sven Tveskägg">Sven Tveskägg</a> 1013 drev Ethelred och hans familj från England gick de i exil i Normandie. Ethelred återvände 1014, efter Sven Tveskäggs död, men möttes av motstånd från Sven Tveskäggs son, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_den_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knut den store">Knut den store</a>. Ethelred avled plötsligt 1016 och Knut blev kung av England. Sönerna från Ethelreds äktenskap med Emma, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bek%C3%A4nnaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Bekännaren">Edvard Bekännaren</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Aetheling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Aetheling">Alfred Aetheling</a>, gick åter i exil i Normandie medan modern Emma blev Knuts andra fru 1002.<sup id="cite_ref-Conquest80_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Conquest80-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Efter Knuts död 1035 togs den engelska kronan över av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harald_Harfot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harald Harfot">Harald Harfot</a>, son till Knut och hans första maka <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_av_Northampton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ælfgifu av Northampton">Ælfgifu av Northampton</a>, samtidigt som Emmas son <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hardeknut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hardeknut">Hardeknut</a> blev kung av Danmark; situationen i England var fortsatt instabil. Alfred återvände till England 1036 för att besöka modern och kanske även för att utmana Harald som kung. Enligt en källa så var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godwin,_earl_av_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Godwin, earl av Wessex">Godwin, earl av Wessex</a> skyldig till Alfreds död, medan andra lägger skulden på Harald. Emma gick i exil i Flandern tills Hardeknut blev kung efter Haralds död år 1040. Efter Hardaknuts död 1042 blev hans halvbror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bek%C3%A4nnaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Bekännaren">Edvard Bekännaren</a> kung.<sup id="cite_ref-Conquest83_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Conquest83-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Barndom">Barndom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Barndom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg/250px-Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2785" data-file-height="1741"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg/250px-Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg/375px-Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg/500px-Falaise_Chateau_Guillaume_Conquerant_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slottet_i_Falaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slottet i Falaise">Slottet i Falaise</a> i Calvados i Frankrike. Vilhelm föddes i en byggnad som tidigare stod på denna plats. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vilhelm föddes 1027 eller 1028 i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falaise,_Calvados?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falaise, Calvados">Falaise</a> i Normandie, troligast i slutet av 1027.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates33_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates33-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Official_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Official-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han var enda son till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_I_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert I av Normandie">Robert I av Normandie</a> och sonson till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rikard_II_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rikard II av Normandie">Rikard II av Normandie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans mor, Herleva, var dotter till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fulbert_av_Falaise&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fulbert av Falaise [inte skriven än]">Fulbert av Falaise</a> som kan ha varit <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garvare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Garvare">garvare</a> eller balsamerare.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas379_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas379-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herleva hörde troligen till hertigens hushåll, men var inte gift med Robert.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hon gifte sig senare med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Herluin_de_Conteville&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Herluin de Conteville [inte skriven än]">Herluin de Conteville</a> och fick med honom två söner, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odo_av_Bayeux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odo av Bayeux">Odo av Bayeux</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert,_greve_av_Mortain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert, greve av Mortain">Robert, greve av Mortain</a>, samt en till namnet okänd dotter, som gifte sig med William, herre av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Mac%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Ferté-Macé">La Ferté-Macé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas379_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas379-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En av Herlevas bröder, Walter, tog hand om och stödde Vilhelm när han var minderårig.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas379_11-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas379-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert fick även en dotter, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adelaide_av_Normandie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adelaide av Normandie [inte skriven än]">Adelaide av Normandie</a>, med en annan frilla.<sup id="cite_ref-Houts19_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Houts19-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelms far Robert blev hertig av Normandie 6 augusti 1027, då han efterträdde sin äldre bror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rickard_III_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickard III av Normandie">Rikard III</a> som hade varit hertig fram till föregående år.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates33_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates33-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert och Rikard hade varit oeniga om vem som skulle bli hertig och Rikards död kom mycket plötsligt. Robert har anklagats för att ha mördat sin bror i vissa källor, något som är möjligt men som inte går att belägga.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas31_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas31-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Läget i Normandie var oroligt eftersom adelsfamiljerna plundrade kyrkan i regionen och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_III_av_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan III av Bretagne">Alan III av Bretagne</a> förklarade krig mot hertigdömet, möjligen som ett försök till erövring. Omkring 1031 hade Robert lyckats samla ihop tillräckligt med stöd från adeln, där några av dessa skulle komma att bli betydande under Vilhelms liv. Bland dem fanns Roberts farbror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_II_(%C3%A4rkebiskop_av_Rouen)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert II (ärkebiskop av Rouen) [inte skriven än]">Robert, ärkebiskopen av Rouen</a>, som ursprungligen var en av hertigens motståndare, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Osbern_the_Steward&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Osbern the Steward [inte skriven än]">Osbern</a>, brorson till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gunnor_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gunnor av Normandie">Gunnor</a> maka till hertig Rikard I, och greve <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gilbert,_greve_av_Brionne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gilbert, greve av Brionne [inte skriven än]">Gilbert av Brionne</a>, barnbarn till Rikard I.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas32_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas32-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter att han tillträdde tronen fortsatte Robert att stödja de engelska prinsarna Edvard Bekännaren och Alfred Aetheling, som fortfarande levde i exil i norra Frankrike.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Det finns tecken som tyder på att Robert under en kort tid kan ha varit trolovad till en av kung Knuts döttrar, men de gifte sig aldrig. Det är oklart om Vilhelm hade fått ärva hertigdömet om Robert hade haft en legitim son. Det fanns tidigare hertigar som hade varit illegitima och det finns dokument som visar att Vilhelm var Roberts troligaste arvtagare.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-4" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hertig Robert beslutade 1034 att bege sig på pilgrimsfärd till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Även om några av hans anhängare försökte övertala honom att inte ge sig av, sammankallade Robert ett råd i januari 1035 och övertygade de normandiska adelsmännen att svära Vilhelm sin trohet som Roberts arvtagare innan han for i väg till Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-5" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Douglas35_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas35-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert avled i början av juli i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B0znik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="İznik">Nicea</a> på väg tillbaka till Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas35_20-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas35-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Utseende_och_personlighet">Utseende och personlighet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utseende och personlighet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Det finns inget autentiskt porträtt av Vilhelm; de samtida avbildningarna av honom på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayeuxtapeten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayeuxtapeten">Bayeuxtapeten</a> och på hans sigill och mynt är enkla framställningar skapade för att visa hans maktställning.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates115_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates115-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han beskrivs som kraftig och robust, med en <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guttural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guttural">guttural</a> röst. Han höll sig frisk upp i hög ålder, även om han med tiden blev tämligen fet.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas368_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas368-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han var stark nog att spänna bågar som andra inte lyckades spänna och han var mycket uthållig.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates115_21-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates115-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gottfrid II menade att det fanns ingen som kunde mäta sig med honom varken som slagskämpe eller som ryttare.<sup id="cite_ref-Searle203_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Searle203-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undersökning av Vilhelms <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A5rben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lårben">lårben</a>, det enda ben som fanns kvar efter att resten av hans kvarlevor förstörts, visar att han var omkring 178 cm lång, vilket var ganska långt på den tiden.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates115_21-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates115-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Han tycks ha haft två informatorer i slutet av 1030-talet och i början av 1040-talet, men hur mycket boklig bildning Vilhelm hade är oklart. Han verkar inte ha varit beskyddare åt några författare, utfärdat några stipendier eller stött någon intellektuell verksamhet.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-6" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orderic Vitalis uppger att Vilhelm i slutet av sitt liv försökte lära sig <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fornengelska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fornengelska">fornengelska</a>, men kunde inte lägga ned den tid som skulle krävas och gav snabbt upp.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft323_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft323-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelms favoritsysselsättning tycks ha varit jakt. Medeltida författare kritiserade Vilhelm för hans girighet och grymhet, men hans personliga fromhet hyllades ofta.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-7" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Hertig_av_Normandie">Hertig av Normandie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hertig av Normandie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Strider_om_den_minderårige_hertigen"><span id="Strider_om_den_minder.C3.A5rige_hertigen"></span>Strider om den minderårige hertigen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Strider om den minderårige hertigen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Colonne_Vimont.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonne_Vimont.jpg/250px-Colonne_Vimont.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonne_Vimont.jpg/250px-Colonne_Vimont.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonne_Vimont.jpg/375px-Colonne_Vimont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Colonne_Vimont.jpg/500px-Colonne_Vimont.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Pelare vid platsen för <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Val-%C3%A8s-Dunes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Val-ès-Dunes">slaget vid Val-ès-Dunes</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vilhelm hade svårt att bli hertig, då både hans illegitimitet och hans ålder talade emot honom; det verkar som han var antingen sju eller åtta år gammal då fadern dog.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates36_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates36-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Douglas37_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas37-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fick stöd av sin gammelfarbror, ärkebiskop Robert, samt kungen av Frankrike, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_I_av_Frankrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik I av Frankrike">Henrik I</a>, vilket gjorde att han kunde efterträda sin far som hertig.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas38_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas38-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stödet till de två engelska prinsarna i exil tyder på att den nye hertigens beskyddare försökte följa faderns principer,<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-8" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men ärkebiskop Roberts död i mars 1037 innebar att en av Vilhelms främsta anhängare försvann och förhållandena i Normandie blev snart kaotiska.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas38_30-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas38-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anarki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anarki">Anarkin</a> i hertigdömet fortsatte fram till 1047<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas51_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas51-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och det var många som försökte ta ansvaret över den unge hertigen och därmed makten. Alan av Bretagne var den som först var förmyndare för hertigen, men han avled någon gång 1039 eller 1040. Gilbert av Brionne tog då över, men han dödades några månader senare liksom en annan av Vilhelms beskyddare, Turchetil.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas40_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas40-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En annan av hertigens beskyddare dödades i början av 1040-talet i Vilhelms kammare medan hertigen sov. Det sägs att Walter, Vilhelms morbror, då och då var tvungen att gömma den unge hertigen i böndernas hus,<sup id="cite_ref-Bates37_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates37-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> även om denna berättelse kan vara påhittad av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a>. Historikern Eleanor Searle spekulerar att Vilhelm växte upp tillsammans med de tre kusiner som senare kom att bli betydelsefulla för honom i hans karriär: <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_FitzOsbern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William FitzOsbern [inte skriven än]">William FitzOsbern</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_Beaumont&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger de Beaumont [inte skriven än]">Roger de Beaumont</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_av_Montgomery&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger av Montgomery [inte skriven än]">Roger av Montgomery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Searle196_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Searle196-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Även om många av de normandiska adelsmännen ägnade sig åt sina egna fejder och strider under den tid Vilhelm var minderårig var det fortfarande så att baronerna erkände honom som hertig och även kyrkan stödde Vilhelm.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas42_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas42-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Kung Henrik fortsatte att stödja den unge hertigen,<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas45_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas45-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men i slutet av 1046 gick Vilhelms motståndare samman i ett uppror i nedre Normandie, ledda av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Guy_av_Burgund&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Guy av Burgund [inte skriven än]">Guy av Burgund</a> som hade stöd av Nigel, viscount av Cotentin och Ranulf, viscount av Bessin. Enligt berättelser, som delvis kan ha varit påhittade, försökte de kidnappa Vilhelm i Valognes, men han flydde i skydd av mörkret till Henrik.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas47_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas47-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I början av 1047 återvände Henrik och Vilhelm till Normandie och segrade vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Val-%C3%A8s-Dunes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Val-ès-Dunes">slaget vid Val-ès-Dunes</a> nära <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caen">Caen</a>, även om det inte finns så många detaljer bevarade kring denna strid.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates38_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates38-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_av_Poitiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilhelm av Poitiers">Vilhelm av Poitiers</a> hävdade att striden främst vanns tack vare Vilhelm, men tidigare källor menade att kung Henriks mannar och hans ledarskap över dem också spelade en viktig roll.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-9" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm grep åter makten över Normandie och utropade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gudsfred?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gudsfred">gudsfred</a>, som ett försök att begränsa våld och krig i hertigdömet, genom att begränsa antalet dagar som strid var tillåtet.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates40_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates40-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slaget vid Val-ès-Dunes räknas visserligen som en vändpunkt när det handlar om Vilhelms kontroll över hertigdömet, men det pågick strider mellan honom och adeln under hela perioden 1047–1054 och några mindre kriser under perioden 1054–1060.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas53_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas53-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maktbefästande"><span id="Maktbef.C3.A4stande"></span>Maktbefästande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Maktbefästande" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg/250px-Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1345"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 212px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg/250px-Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg/375px-Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg/500px-Bayeuxtapestryodowilliamrobert.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bild från Bayeuxtapeten av Vilhelm och hans halvbröder. Vilhelm sitter i mitten, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odo_av_Bayeux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odo av Bayeux">Odo</a> till vänster och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_av_Mortain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert av Mortain">Robert</a> till höger. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Guy av Burgund drog sig tillbaka till sin borg i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brionne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brionne">Brionne</a>, men Vilhelm belägrade den och lyckades till slut skicka Guy i exil 1050.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas54_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas54-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gottfrid_II_av_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gottfrid II av Anjou">Gottfrid II</a>, greve av Anjou, hade stärkt sin makt<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas56_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas56-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> så Vilhelm anslöt sig till kung Henriks fälttåg mot greven, vilket är det sista kända samarbetet mellan de båda. De lyckades erövra ett av ätten <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huset_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huset Anjou">Angevins</a> fort, men inget annat.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates43_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates43-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gottfrid försökte erövra <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maine_(provins)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maine (provins)">Maine</a>, särskilt efter <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hugh_IV_av_Maine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hugh IV av Maine [inte skriven än]">Hugh IV av Maines</a> död 1051. Ätten <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bell%C3%AAme_(%C3%A4tt)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bellême (ätt) [inte skriven än]">Bellême</a>, som höll <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bell%C3%AAme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bellême">Bellême</a> på gränsen mellan Maine och Normandie, såväl som forten i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domfront,_Orne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domfront, Orne">Domfront</a>, spelade en betydande roll. Bellêmes länsherre var kungen av Frankrike och hertig Vilhelm var länsherre över Alençon, men Gottfrid II var länsherre över Domfront. Ätten Bellême, vars landområden låg strategiskt mellan tre olika länsherrar, lyckades spela ut dem mot varandra och praktiskt taget säkra självständighet för egen del.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas56_42-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas56-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Då <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hugh_IV_av_Maine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hugh IV av Maine [inte skriven än]">Hugh IV av Maine</a> avled ockuperade Gottfrid II Maine, men Vilhelm och kung Henrik lyckades driva ut honom och samtidigt lyckades Vilhelm erövra ätten Bellêmes fort Alençon och Domfront. Därigenom befäste han sin makt som länsherre över ätten Bellême.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas59_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas59-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dock vände sig kungen emot Vilhelm 1052 och gick samman med Gottfrid II samtidigt som vissa i den normandiska adeln började utmana Vilhelms stärkta maktställning, något som även kungen troligtvis kände sig hotad av.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas63_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas63-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm stred mot sina egna adelsmän under 1053,<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas66_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas66-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men även mot den nye ärkebiskopen av Rouen, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mauger_(%C3%A4rkebiskop)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mauger (ärkebiskop) [inte skriven än]">Mauger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas64_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas64-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I februari 1054 angrep kungen och de normandiska rebellerna hertigdömet från två håll. Henrik ledde anfallet vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vreux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évreux">Évreux</a>, medan kungens bror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_II_av_Frankrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barn" title="Robert II av Frankrike">Odo</a>, attackerade östra Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas67_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas67-48"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelm delade upp sina styrkor i två grupper. Han ledde själv striden mot Henrik. I den andra gruppen fanns några av de som kom att bli hans främsta anhängare, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grevar_av_Eu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grevar av Eu [inte skriven än]">Robert, greve av Eu</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Walter_Giffard,_lord_av_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Walter Giffard, lord av Longueville [inte skriven än]">Walter Giffard</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_av_Mortemer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger av Mortemer [inte skriven än]">Roger av Mortemer</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_de_Warenne,_1:e_earl_av_Surrey&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William de Warenne, 1:e earl av Surrey [inte skriven än]">William de Warenne</a>. Den andra styrkan besegrade angriparna vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Mortemer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slaget vid Mortemer [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Mortemer</a>, vilket gjorde att båda angreppen avstyrdes. Detta ledde även till att Vilhelms kyrkliga anhängare kunde avsätta Mauger som ärkebiskop av Rouen. Slaget vid Mortemer var en viktig vändpunkt för Vilhelm, då hans makt över Normandie kraftigt stärktes<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas68_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas68-49"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> även om striderna mot den franska kungen och greven av Anjou fortsatte till 1060.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas75_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas75-50"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henrik och Gottfrid försökte 1057 återigen invadera Normandie, men besegrades av Vilhelm i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Varaville&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slaget vid Varaville [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Varaville</a>. Detta var sista gången Normandie invaderades under Vilhelms livstid<sup id="cite_ref-Bates50_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates50-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och då kungen och greven båda avled 1060 ökade Vilhelms makt ytterligare.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates50_51-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates50-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Acrdwnch.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Acrdwnch.jpg/250px-Acrdwnch.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="317"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Acrdwnch.jpg/250px-Acrdwnch.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Acrdwnch.jpg/375px-Acrdwnch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Acrdwnch.jpg/500px-Acrdwnch.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vilhelm och Matildas signaturer är de första stora kryssen på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Accord_of_Winchester&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Accord of Winchester [inte skriven än]">Accord of Winchester</a> från 1072. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vilhelms äktenskap med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matilda_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matilda av Flandern">Matilda av Flandern</a>, dotter till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balduin_V_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balduin V av Flandern">Balduin V av Flandern</a>, var gynnsamt för honom. Förbundet mellan de två arrangerades 1049, men påve <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_IX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo IX">Leo IX</a> förbjöd dem vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konciliet_i_Reims&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konciliet i Reims [inte skriven än]">konciliet i Reims</a> i oktober 1049 att gifta sig.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bröllopet ägde, trots detta, rum någon gång i början av 1050-talet,<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas76_54-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas76-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> möjligen utan påvens godkännande. Exakt datum är okänt, men det är troligt att det ägde rum 1051 eller 1053, men det är säkert att det skedde före slutet av 1053 eftersom Matilda omnämns som Vilhelms maka i ett dokument daterat i slutet av det året.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas391_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas391-55"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt en sentida källa som generellt inte betraktas som trovärdig fick de inte påvens godkännande förrän 1059, men eftersom normanderna generellt sett hade en god relation med påven på 1050-talet, och det normandiska prästerskapet kunde besöka Rom 1050 utan problem, så fick de troligtvis godkännandet tidigare.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates44_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates44-56"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> För påvens godkännande grundade de två kloster i Caen ett av Vilhelm och ett av Matilda.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas80_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas80-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Äktenskapet stärkte Vilhelms ställning, då Flandern var en av de mäktigaste frankiska territorierna, med band både till det franska kungahuset och till de tyska kejsarna.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates44_56-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates44-56"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samtida författare bedömde att äktenskapet, som gav fyra söner och fem eller sex döttrar, var lyckligt<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och det finns inga tecken på att han var otrogen mot henne (vilket är ovanligt för en medeltida monark).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Den_normandiska_administrationen">Den normandiska administrationen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Den normandiska administrationen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Det normandiska styret under Vilhelm liknade tidigare hertigars. Det var ett ganska enkelt administrativt system, uppbyggt kring hertigens hushåll.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates133_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates133-61"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hertigen reste runt i hertigdömet, godkände stadgor och samlade in pengar.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates63_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates63-62"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelm hade god kontakt med kyrkan i sitt hertigdöme. Han deltog i kyrkoråd och utsåg flera biskopar, däribland <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maurilius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maurilius [inte skriven än]">Maurilius</a> som blev ärkebiskop av Rouen.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates64_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates64-63"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm utnämnde sin halvbror Odo till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biskop_av_Bayeux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Biskop av Bayeux [inte skriven än]">biskop av Bayeux</a> 1049 eller 1050.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-10" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han rådfrågade även prästerskapet, däribland <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lanfranc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a>, en icke-normand som kom att bli en av Vilhelms främsta kyrkliga rådgivare i slutet av 1040-talet och förblev det under 1050- och 1060-talet. Vilhelm var generös mot kyrkan;<sup id="cite_ref-Bates64_63-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates64-63"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mellan 1035 och 1066, grundade den normandiska adeln åtminstone tjugo nya klosterbyggnader, däribland Vilhelms två kloster i Caen.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas111_64-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas111-64"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="I_England_och_på_kontinenten"><span id="I_England_och_p.C3.A5_kontinenten"></span>I England och på kontinenten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: I England och på kontinenten" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg/190px-Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg/190px-Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg/285px-Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg/380px-Bayeuxtapestrywilliamgivesharoldarms.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> En scen från Bayeuxtapeten visar hur Vilhelm ger Harald en rustning under Haralds resa till kontinenten 1064. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Den barnlösa <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Bek%C3%A4nnaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Bekännaren">kung Edvard</a> av England tycks ha valt Vilhelm till sin tronföljare 1051.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow-65"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i>, D-versionen, uppger till och med att Vilhelm besökte England i den senare delen av 1051, kanske för att få tronföljden bekräftad<sup id="cite_ref-Bates46_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates46-66"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller så behövde han hjälp på grund av oroligheterna i Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft93_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft93-67"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm var ättling till Edvards morbror, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rickard_II_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickard II av Normandie">Rickard II av Normandie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_65-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow-65"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det är inte troligt att han for på denna resa eftersom han var fullt upptagen med att strida mot Anjou vid denna tid. Oavsett vad Edvard önskade så var Vilhelms anspråk på tronen något som Godwin, earlen av Wessex, motsatte sig. Han tillhörde den allra mäktigaste familjen i England.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates46_66-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates46-66"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edvard hade gift sig med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edith_av_Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edith av Wessex">Edith</a>, Godwins dotter 1043, och Godwin verkar ha varit bland de som stått bakom Edvards anspråk på tronen.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft86_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft86-68"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omkring 1050 hade dock relationen mellan kungen och earlen försämrats och 1051 gick Godwin och hans familj i exil. Det var vid denna tid som Edvard ska ha erbjudit Vilhelm tronen.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft89_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft89-69"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Godwin återvände från exilen 1052, med beväpnade styrkor och kungen och earlen kom fram till en överenskommelse och earlen och hans familj fick komma tillbaka till sina ägor. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_av_Jumi%C3%A8ges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert av Jumièges">Robert av Jumièges</a>, en normand som Edvard hade utsett till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84rkebiskop_av_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ärkebiskop av Canterbury">ärkebiskop av Canterbury</a>, ersattes med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stigand&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stigand [inte skriven än]">Stigand</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biskop_av_Winchester&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Biskop av Winchester [inte skriven än]">biskop av Winchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft95_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft95-70"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det finns inga engelska källor som nämner att ärkebiskop Robert skulle uttryckt något löfte om tronföljden och de normandiska källor som nämner det, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_av_Jumi%C3%A8ges&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vilhelm av Jumièges [inte skriven än]">Vilhelm av Jumièges</a> och Vilhelm av Poitiers, nämner inte när detta skulle ha ägt rum.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft93_67-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft93-67"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Greve <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Herbert_II_av_Maine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Herbert II av Maine [inte skriven än]">Herbert II av Maine</a> avled 1062 och Vilhelm, som hade trolovat sin äldste son <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Curthose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Curthose">Robert</a> med en av Herberts systrar, gjorde anspråk på Maine genom sin son. Detta bestreds av den lokala adeln, men Vilhelm invaderade området och lyckades säkra det 1064.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas174_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas174-71"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm utsåg en normand till biskop av Le Mans året efter och lät sin son Robert Curthose svära trohet till den nye greven av Anjou, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gottfrid_III_av_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gottfrid III av Anjou">Gottfrid III</a>, greve av Anjou.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates53_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates53-72"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelms västra gräns var därigenom säkrad medan hans gräns mot <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hertigd%C3%B6met_Bretagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hertigdömet Bretagne [inte skriven än]">hertigdömet Bretagne</a> var fortfarande inte säker. Vilhelm anföll Bretagne 1064, ett fälttåg som det inte finns så många detaljer kring. Hertig <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Conan_II,_hertig_av_Bretagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Conan II, hertig av Bretagne [inte skriven än]">Conan II</a> tvingades därigenom inrikta sig på att försvara Bretagne, snarare än att försöka utvidga sitt territorium. Conans död 1066 säkrade Normandies gränser ytterligare. Fälttåget mot Bretagne ledde även till att Vilhelm fick stöd från några adelsmän därifrån som sedan hjälpte honom då han erövrade England 1066.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas178_73-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas178-73"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Earl Godwin avled 1053 och hans söner fick ökad makt. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harald_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Godwinson">Harald Godwinson</a> efterträdde fadern och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tostig Godwinson">Tostig Godwinson</a>, blev <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_Northumbria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av Northumbria [inte skriven än]">earl av Northumbria</a>. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gyrth_Godwinson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gyrth Godwinson [inte skriven än]">Gyrth Godwinson</a> blev <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_East_Anglia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av East Anglia [inte skriven än]">earl av East Anglia</a> 1057 och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leofwine_Godwinson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leofwine Godwinson [inte skriven än]">Leofwine Godwinson</a> blev <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_Kent&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av Kent [inte skriven än]">earl av Kent</a> någon gång mellan 1055 och 1057.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft98_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft98-74"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissa källor menar att Harald deltog i Vilhelms fälttåg mot Bretagne 1064 och att Harald svor att han skulle stödja Vilhelms anspråk på den engelska kronan då fälttåget var över,<sup id="cite_ref-Bates53_72-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates53-72"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men detta nämns inte i några engelska källor och det är oklart om det ägde rum. Det kan ha varit normandisk propaganda i syfte att miskreditera Harald, som blivit Vilhelms främsta utmanare i kampen om att få ärva kronan.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft102_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft102-75"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ännu en utmanare till kungamakten dök dock upp: <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Landsflyktingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Landsflyktingen">Edvard Landsflyktingen</a>, son till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_J%C3%A4rnsida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Järnsida">Edmund Järnsida</a> och sonson till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethelred_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethelred II av England">Ethelred II</a>, återvände till England 1057. Han avled dock kort efter återkomsten, men hade med sig sin familj, döttrarna <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margareta_av_Skottland_(helgon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margareta av Skottland (helgon)">Margareta</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cristina,_dotter_till_Edvard_Landsflyktingen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cristina, dotter till Edvard Landsflyktingen [inte skriven än]">Cristina</a> samt sonen <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_the_Aetheling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Aetheling">Edgar the Aetheling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft97_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft97-76"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Northumbria gjorde uppror mot Tostig 1065 och rebellerna valde <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Morcar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Morcar [inte skriven än]">Morcar</a>, yngre bror till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edwin,_earl_av_Mercia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edwin, earl av Mercia [inte skriven än]">Edwin</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_Mercia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av Mercia [inte skriven än]">earl av Mercia</a>, till earl istället för Tostig. Harald stödde rebellerna och övertalade kungen att ersätta sin bror Tostig med Morcar, kanske i hopp om att få Edwins och Morcars stöd i sina anspråk på kronan. Tostig gick i exil i Flandern tillsammans med sin maka <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Judith_av_Flandern,_hertiginna_av_Northumbria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Judith av Flandern, hertiginna av Northumbria [inte skriven än]">Judith</a>, som var dotter till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balduin_IV_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balduin IV av Flandern">Balduin IV av Flandern</a>. Kung Edvard var sjuk och avled den 5 januari 1066. Det är oklart vad som skedde på hans dödsbädd. Enligt en berättelse, hämtad från <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vita_%C3%86dwardi_Regis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vita Ædwardi Regis [inte skriven än]">Vita Edwardi</a></i>, en biografi över Edvard, fanns hans maka Edit, Harald, ärkebiskop Stigand och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_FitzWimarc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert FitzWimarc [inte skriven än]">Robert FitzWimarc</a> vid hans sida och kungen utnämnde Harald till sin efterträdare. De normandiska källorna bestrider inte detta, men menar att Haralds ed och Edvards tidigare löfte inte skulle ändras på dödsbädden. Senare engelska källor uppger att Harald hade valts till kung av Englands prästerskap och adel.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft107_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft107-79"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Erövringen_av_England"><span id="Er.C3.B6vringen_av_England"></span>Erövringen av England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Erövringen av England" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Haralds_förberedelser"><span id="Haralds_f.C3.B6rberedelser"></span>Haralds förberedelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Haralds förberedelser" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Harald kröntes den 6 januari 1066 i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> som Edvard låtit bygga i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandisk_arkitektur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandisk arkitektur">normandisk stil</a>. Engelska källor menar att det var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ealdred?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ealdred">Ealdred</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84rkebiskop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ärkebiskop">ärkebiskop</a> av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yorks_kyrkoprovins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yorks kyrkoprovins">York</a>, som utförde ceremonin medan normandiska källor menar att det var Stigand, som inte godkänts som ärkebiskop av påven, som krönte Harald.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft115_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft115-80"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det fanns dock andra som gjorde anspråk på kronan, däribland hans landsflyktiga bror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tostig Godwinson">Tostig Godwinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling12_81-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling12-81"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kung <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harald_H%C3%A5rdr%C3%A5de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harald Hårdråde">Harald Hårdråde</a> av Norge gjorde också anspråk på kronan som farbror och arvtagare till kung <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnus_I_av_Norge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus I av Norge">Magnus I av Norge</a>, som omkring 1040 hade slutit en pakt med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hardeknut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hardeknut">Hardeknut</a> att om någon av dem skulle dö innan de fick barn skulle de ärva varandra.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft118_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft118-86"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harald Godwinson väntade även att Vilhelm av Normandie, som gjorde anspråk på kronan, skulle invadera England och han förberedde sig främst på detta.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling12_81-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling12-81"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Harolds bror Tostig gjorde attacker längs Englands södra kust i maj 1066 för att undersöka möjligheterna att invadera England. Han landsteg på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isle_of_Wight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> med en flotta som han fått av Balduin av Flandern. Han fick dock inget lokalt stöd och räder in i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincolnshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> nära floden <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humber">Humber</a> misslyckades, så Tostig drog sig tillbaka till Skottland där han stannade en tid.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling12_81-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling12-81"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt den normandiska författaren Vilhelm av Jumièges skickade Vilhelm sändebud till kung Harald Godwinson för att påminna honom om hans ed att han skulle stödja Vilhelms anspråk, men det är oklart om detta faktiskt skedde. Harald samlade både armé och flotta för att slå tillbaka de invasionstrupper som Vilhelm förväntades sända. Trupper och skepp placerades ut i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Engelska_kanalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Engelska kanalen">engelska kanalen</a> under större delen av sommaren.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling12_81-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling12-81"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vilhelms_förberedelser"><span id="Vilhelms_f.C3.B6rberedelser"></span>Vilhelms förberedelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vilhelms förberedelser" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg/250px-BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="354"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 102px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg/250px-BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="102" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg/375px-BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg/500px-BayeuxTapestryScene37.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Scen från Bayeuxtapeten där normander förbereder sig för invasionen av England. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vilhelm av Poitiers beskriver hur hertig Vilhelm sammankallat ett råd, där adelsmännen diskuterade om de skulle ta risken att invadera England eller inte. Även om det förmodligen hölls någon form av formell sammankomst är det föga troligt att någon diskussion ägde rum, eftersom Vilhelm vid denna tid hade makten över sina adelsmän och de som samlats borde ha varit måna om att få en del i det erövringen av England skulle ge.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates79_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates79-87"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm av Poitiers menar även att hertigen fick påve <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_II_(p%C3%A5ve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander II (påve)">Alexander II</a>:s tillåtelse och ett påvligt baner. Vilhelm av Poitiers hävdar även att hertigen fick stöd av kejsar <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_IV_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik IV (tysk-romersk kejsare)">Henrik</a> och kung <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sven_II_av_Danmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sven II av Danmark">Sven II av Danmark</a>, men Henrik var fortfarande minderårig och det är mer troligt att Sven stött Harald, som skulle kunnat stödja honom mot den norska kungen, så dessa uppgifter är osäkra. Även om Alexander gav invasionen sitt godkännande efter den lyckats finns det inga andra källor som visar att det fanns något påvligt stöd innan.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft120-88"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Händelser som ägde rum efter invasionen, som den botgöring som Vilhelm gjorde och redogörelser från senare påvar, kan dock stödja påståendena att påvens godkännande fanns. Under invasionen styrdes Normandie av Vilhelms maka <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matilda_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matilda av Flandern">Matilda av Flandern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-11" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Under sommaren samlade Vilhelm sin armé och en invasionsflotta i Normandie. Även om Vilhelm av Jumièges påståenden om att hertigens flotta bestod av 3 000 skepp är klart överdrivna, så var den troligtvis stor och byggdes till största delen från grunden. Vilhelm av Poitiers och Vilhelm av Jumièges är oeniga om var flottan byggdes upp. Vilhelm av Poitiers menar att den byggdes vid floden <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dives_(vattendrag)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dives (vattendrag)">Dives</a> mynning medan Vilhelm av Jumièges hävdar att den byggdes vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Valery-sur-Somme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Valery-sur-Somme">Saint-Valery-sur-Somme</a>, men de är eniga om att den slutligen avseglade från Valery-sur-Somme. Förutom trupper från Vilhelms områden Normandie och Maine fanns även stora grupper av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legosoldat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legosoldat">legosoldater</a>, allierade och frivilliga från Bretagne, nordöstra Frankrike och Flandern ombord, liksom mindre grupper från andra delar av Europa. De var redo att avsegla i början av augusti, men vindförhållandena gjorde att de stannade i Normandie till slutet av september. Det fanns nog även andra orsaker till att Vilhelm avvaktade. Han fick rapporter om att Harald hade trupper längs kusten under sommaren, så Vilhelm hade skäl att avvakta.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft120-88"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När skördesäsongen började den 8 september upplöste Harald sin armé.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter72-90"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tostigs_och_Hårdrådes_invasion"><span id="Tostigs_och_H.C3.A5rdr.C3.A5des_invasion"></span>Tostigs och Hårdrådes invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tostigs och Hårdrådes invasion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg/250px-Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg/250px-Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg/375px-Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg/500px-Battle_Flat_-_geograph.org.uk_-_285158.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Platsen där <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Stamford_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Stamford Bridge">slaget vid Stamford Bridge</a> ägde rum. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Haralds bror Tostig och Harald Hårdråde invaderade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> i september 1066 och besegrade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Morcar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Morcar [inte skriven än]">Morcars</a> och Edwins trupper vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Fulford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slaget vid Fulford [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Fulford</a> i närheten av York. Kung Harald fick höra talas om detta och marscherade norrut, besegrade angriparna och dödade Tostig och Hårdråde den 25 september vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Stamford_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Stamford Bridge">slaget vid Stamford Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft118_86-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft118-86"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den normandiska flottan satte segel två dagar senare och landsteg vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pevensey_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pevensey Bay">Pevensey Bay</a> den 28 september. Vilhelm begav sig sedan till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hastings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>, en bit österut, där han byggde en borg som bas. På denna plats väntade han på att Harald skulle återvända söderut. Vilhelm ville inte ta sig alltför långt från kusten, för att inte riskera att tappa kontakten med Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter72-90"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Slaget_vid_Hastings">Slaget vid Hastings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Slaget vid Hastings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl> <dd> Huvudartikel: <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hastings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slaget vid Hastings">Slaget vid Hastings</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <p>Efter att ha besegrat Harald Hårdråde och Tostig lämnade Harald en stor del av sin här i norr, däribland Morcar och Edwin av Mercia, och begav sig söderut för att ta sig an den normandiska invasionen som hotade där.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter72-90"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under resan söderut fick han förmodligen reda på var Vilhelm hade landstigit. Han stannade i London i ungefär en vecka innan han gav sig av mot Hastings. Harald försökte att överraska normanderna, men Vilhelm hade spejare ute som rapporterade till honom att de engelska trupperna hade anlänt till området. Exakt vad som hände innan slaget är oklart, då källorna motsäger varandra, men de är eniga om att Vilhelm ledde sina styrkor från sin borg mot fienden.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson180_91-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lawson180-91"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harald hade intagit en försvarsposition uppe på Senlac Hill (nuvarande <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle,_East_Sussex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle, East Sussex">Battle, East Sussex</a>), en knapp mil från Vilhelms borg i Hastings.<sup id="cite_ref-Marren99_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marren99-92"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Slaget inleddes omkring klockan 9 på morgonen den 14 oktober och pågick hela dagen. Man känner till vad som hände i stora drag, men källorna motsäger varandra när det gäller specifika händelser.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft126_93-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft126-93"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det var ungefär lika många stridande på båda sidor, men Vilhelm hade både kavalleri och infanteri, däribland många bågskyttar medan Harald endast hade fotsoldater och få, eller inga, bågskyttar.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter73_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter73-94"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De engelska soldaterna formerade sig som en sköldmur längs åsen och var till en början så framgångsrika att Vilhelms trupper slogs tillbaka och gjorde stora förluster. Vilhelms bretonska trupper drabbades av panik och flydde och blev då jagade av de engelska trupperna. Dessa engelska trupperna hanns dock upp av det normandiska kavalleriet och slogs ned. Det gick rykten bland de normandiska trupperna om att Vilhelm hade dödats då bretonska trupperna flydde, men han lyckades samla sina trupper. Normanderna låtsades att de drog sig tillbaka, vilket fick engelsmännen att jaga dem, vilket ledde till att det normandiska kavalleriet kunde slå ned dem.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft127_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft127-95"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Källorna är oeniga om vad som skedde under eftermiddagen. Den avgörande händelsen var Haralds död, men hur han dog är oklart. Vilhelm av Jumièges hävdade att Harald dödades av Vilhelm. På Bayeuxtapeten avbildas Harald med en pil i ögat, men det kan bero på att den ändrats senare för att stämma med de berättelser från 1100-talet som beskriver hur Harald dödades av en pil genom huvudet.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft129_96-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft129-96"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haralds lik identifierades dagen efter slaget antingen genom den rustning han burit eller genom kännetecken på kroppen. De döda engelska soldaterna, däribland några av hans bröder och hans <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hird?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hird">hird</a>, lämnades på slagfältet. Gytha, Haralds mor, ska ha erbjudit Vilhelm sin sons vikt i guld i utbyte mot hans lik, men det avvisades.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm beordrade att Haralds lik skulle slängas i havet, men det är oklart om så verkligen skedde. Personer vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Waltham_Abbey_(kloster)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Waltham Abbey (kloster) [inte skriven än]">Waltham Abbey</a>, som Harald grundade, hävdade senare att hans lik begravts där i hemlighet.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft131_101-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft131-101"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Marsch_mot_London">Marsch mot London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Marsch mot London" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Vilhelm hade nog hoppats att engelsmännen skulle kapitulera efter hans seger, men det gjorde de inte. En del av det engelska prästerskapet och adeln utsåg Edgar the Aetheling till kung, även om deras stöd för honom var ganska svagt. Vilhelm lyckades erövra Dover, delar av Kent och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a> medan han även sände en trupp till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, där den kungliga skattkammaren fanns.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft132_102-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft132-102"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta säkrade hans reträtt till Normandie, om det skulle behövas.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-12" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm tågade sedan mot <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southwark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southwark">Southwark</a> dit han kom i november. Han ledde sina trupper runt södra och västra London och brände allt i sin väg. Vilhelm gick över Themsen vid <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wallingford,_Oxfordshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wallingford, Oxfordshire [inte skriven än]">Wallingford</a> i början av december. Ärkebiskop Stigand underkastade sig Vilhelm där och hertigen fortsatte sedan till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkhamsted?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a> där Edgar the Aetheling, Morcar, Edwin och ärkebiskop Ealdred också underkastade sig honom. Vilhelm sände trupper in till London för att bygga en borg. Vilhelm kröntes till kung i Westminster Abbey på juldagen 1066.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft132_102-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft132-102"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Maktbefästande_2"><span id="Maktbef.C3.A4stande_2"></span>Maktbefästande</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Maktbefästande" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Efter_kröningen"><span id="Efter_kr.C3.B6ningen"></span>Efter kröningen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Efter kröningen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Vilhelm stannade i England efter kröningen och försökte ena de infödda stormännen. De kvarvarande earlerna (Edwin av Mercia, Morcar av Northumbria och Waltheof av Northampton) fick sina titlar och landområden bekräftade.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft138-103"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waltheof var gift med Judith, som var dotter till Vilhelms syster Adeleide,<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas423_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas423-104"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och äktenskap mellan Edwin och en av Vilhelms döttrar föreslogs. Edgar the Aetheling tycks också ha fått landområden. Biskopar satt kvar på samma kyrkliga poster som före invasionen, däribland Stigand.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft138-103"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dock förlorade Haralds släktingar sina landområden, liksom en del av de som stridit mot Vilhelm vid Hastings.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter75_105-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter75-105"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I mars återvände Vilhelm till Normandie och tog med sig Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar och Waltheof. Hans halvbror Odo, biskop av Bayeux, fick ta över ansvaret över England tillsammans med släktingen William FitzOsbern, son till Vilhelms beskyddare som ung.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft138-103"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Båda utnämndes till earler, FitzOsbern av Hereford (eller Wessex) och Odo av Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-13" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Även om två normander fick det övergripande ansvaret behöll han många av de infödda engelska <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheriff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheriff">sherifferna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter75_105-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter75-105"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm for till Rouen och klosterkyrkan Fécamp<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft138-103"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och var närvarande vid helgandet av nya kyrkor vid två normandiska kloster.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-14" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Under tiden Vilhelm var i Normandie invaderade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eustace_II_av_Boulogne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eustace II av Boulogne [inte skriven än]">Eustace II av Boulogne</a>, som tidigare varit allierad med Vilhelm, Dover men drevs tillbaka. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eadric_Silvaticus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eadric Silvaticus [inte skriven än]">Eadric Silvaticus</a> attackerade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hereford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hereford">Hereford</a> och uppror utbröt i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exeter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, där Haralds mor Gytha ledde motståndsrörelsen.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling57_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling57-106"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FitzOsbern och Odo hade svårt att kontrollera befolkningen och började bygga borgar för att kunna behålla makten i riket.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-15" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm återvände till England i december 1067 och tågade mot Exeter, som han belägrade. Staden föll efter 18 dagars belägring och Vilhelm byggde en borg för att säkra sin makt över den. Haralds söner gjorde samtidigt räder i sydvästra England från ett basläger i Irland. Deras trupper landsteg nära <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bristol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, men besegrades av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eadnoth_the_Constable&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eadnoth the Constable [inte skriven än]">Eadnoth</a>. Vid påsk befann sig Vilhelm i Winchester dit hans maka Matilda snart kom. Hon kröntes i maj 1068.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling57_106-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling57-106"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Engelskt_motstånd"><span id="Engelskt_motst.C3.A5nd"></span>Engelskt motstånd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Engelskt motstånd" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Baile_Hill,_York.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG/250px-Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="352"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG/250px-Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG/375px-Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG/500px-Baile_Hill%2C_York.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> På Baile Hill i York byggde Vilhelm en <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motteborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motteborg">motteborg</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Edwin och Morcar gjorde uppror 1068 och stöddes av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gospatric,_earl_av_Northumbria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gospatric, earl av Northumbria [inte skriven än]">Gospatric</a>. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a> uppger att orsaken till att Edwin gjorde uppror var att det föreslagna äktenskapet mellan honom och en av Vilhelms döttrar inte blivit av, men det kan även ha berott på att William FitzOsbern fått ökad makt i Herefordshire. Kungen marscherade genom Edwins ägor och lät bygga <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warwick_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warwick Castle">Warwick Castle</a>. Edwin och Morcar underkastade sig kungen, men han fortsatte till York och Nottingham och lät bygga <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York Castle">York Castle</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nottingham_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nottingham Castle">Nottingham Castle</a> innan han vände söderut. Han lät därefter bygga <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincoln Castle">Lincoln Castle</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huntingdon_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huntingdon Castle">Huntingdon Castle</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge Castle">Cambridge Castle</a>. Han lämnade över ansvaret för dessa nya borgar till anhängare som <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Peverel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Peverel [inte skriven än]">William Peverel</a>, som fick ansvara över Nottingham Castle och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Henry_de_Beaumont,_1:e_earl_av_Warwick&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Henry de Beaumont, 1:e earl av Warwick [inte skriven än]">Henry de Beaumont</a> som fick styra över Warwick Castle. Kungen återvände till Normandie i slutet av 1068.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruling57_106-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ruling57-106"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I början av 1069 gjorde Edgar the Aetheling uppror och attackerade York. Vilhelm återvände till York och lät bygga ännu en borg. Edgar allierade sig med kung Sven II av Danmark.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den danska kungen hade en stor flotta och attackerade inte bara York utan även Exeter och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrewsbury,_Shropshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrewsbury, Shropshire">Shrewsbury</a>. York erövrades av Edgars och Svens gemensamma styrkor. Edgar utropades till kung av sina anhängare, men Vilhelm svarade snabbt trots ett uppror i Maine. Han bar symboliskt sin krona i Yorks ruiner juldagen 1069 och fortsatte sedan med att erbjuda danskarna pengar för att ge sig av. Han marscherade till floden <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tees">Tees</a> och plundrade landsbygden på vägen. Edgar, som hade förlorade största delen av sina anhängare, flydde till Skottland<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter76_108-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter76-108"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där kungen, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malkolm_III_av_Skottland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malkolm III av Skottland">Malkolm III</a>, var gift med Edgars syster <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margareta_av_Skottland_(helgon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margareta av Skottland (helgon)">Margareta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas225_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas225-109"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waltheof, som deltagit i upproret, underkastade sig kungen, likaså Gospatric, och båda fick behålla sina ägor. Vilhelm gick över <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penninerna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penninerna">Penninerna</a> under vintern och besegrade de kvarvarande rebellerna i Shrewsbury och byggde därefter borgarna <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_Castle_(slott)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Castle (slott)">Chester Castle</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stafford_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stafford Castle">Stafford Castle</a>. Detta fälttåg, där de kungliga trupperna brände och förstörde stora delar av landsbygden där de passerade, kallas <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A4rjningen_av_norra_England&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Härjningen av norra England [inte skriven än]">härjningen av norra England</a> och var över i april 1070, då Vilhelm symboliskt bar sin krona under påsken i Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter76_108-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Carpenter76-108"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kyrkliga_angelägenheter"><span id="Kyrkliga_angel.C3.A4genheter"></span>Kyrkliga angelägenheter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kyrkliga angelägenheter" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Vilhelm träffade tre <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ablegat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ablegat">ablegater</a> (John Minutus, Peter och Ermenfrid av Sion) då han var i Winchester 1070 och de hade blivit ditsända av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_II_(p%C3%A5ve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander II (påve)">påve Alexander</a>. Det var de som ceremoniellt krönte Vilhelm under påsken.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates106_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates106-110"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historikern David Bates betraktar denna kröning som påvens godkännande av Vilhelms erövring.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-16" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ablegaterna och kungen höll sedan flera kyrkliga rådslag i syfte att reformera och omorganisera den engelska kyrkan. Stigand och hans bror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelm%C3%A6r_av_Elmham&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Æthelmær av Elmham [inte skriven än]">Æthelmær</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biskop_av_Elmham&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Biskop av Elmham [inte skriven än]">biskop av Elmham</a>, förlorade sina biskopssäten. Vissa infödda abbotar förlorade också sina poster, både vid påsk och senare vid ett rådslag nära <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Whitsun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Whitsun [inte skriven än]">Whitsun</a>. Lanfranc utnämndes till ny <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84rkebiskop_av_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ärkebiskop av Canterbury">ärkebiskop av Canterbury</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_av_Bayeux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas av Bayeux [inte skriven än]">Thomas av Bayeux</a> blev ny ärkebiskop av York. Han efterträdde Ealdred, som hade avlidit i september 1069.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates106_110-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates106-110"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelms halvbror Odo hade kanske hoppats att få bli ärkebiskop av Canterbury, men Vilhelm ville troligtvis inte ge så mycket makt till en familjemedlem.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En annan anledning kan ha varit att påven kan ha utövat påtryckningar så att Lanfranc skulle utnämnas.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow59_111-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow59-111"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normandiska präster ersatte de avsatta biskoparna och abbotarna och till slut fanns det bara två infödda biskopar kvar, tillsammans med flera prelater från kontinenten som utnämnts av Edvard Bekännaren.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates106_110-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates106-110"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samma år, 1070, grundade Vilhelm klostret <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Battle_Abbey&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Battle Abbey [inte skriven än]">Battle Abbey</a>, där slaget vid Hastings hade ägt rum, delvis som botgörelse för dödandet under slaget och delvis som ett minnesmärke över de döda.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-17" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Problem_i_England_och_på_kontinenten"><span id="Problem_i_England_och_p.C3.A5_kontinenten"></span>Problem i England och på kontinenten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Problem i England och på kontinenten" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Danska_räder_och_uppror_i_norr"><span id="Danska_r.C3.A4der_och_uppror_i_norr"></span>Danska räder och uppror i norr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Danska räder och uppror i norr" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png/190px-097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="2268"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png/190px-097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png" data-width="190" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png/285px-097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png/380px-097-Hereward_fighting_Normans.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sven_Estridsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sven Estridsson">Sven Estridsson</a> anslöt sig under våren 1070 till den lokala <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tegn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tegn">thegnen</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hereward the Wake">Hereward the Wake</a> (på bilden). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Även om <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sven_Estridsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sven Estridsson">Sven Estridsson</a> hade lovat att lämna England återkom han våren 1070 och gjorde räder längs <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humber">Humber</a> och East Anglia mot <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isle_of_Ely?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a>, där han anslöt sig till den lokala <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tegn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tegn">thegnen</a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hereward the Wake">Hereward the Wake</a>. Herewards trupper anföll <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peterborough_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Abbey">Peterborough Abbey</a>, som de erövrade och plundrade. Vilhelm lyckades få Sven och hans flotta att ge sig av 1070<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas221_113-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas221-113"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och kunde därefter fara till kontinenten för att ta itu med problemen i Maine, där det i staden <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Mans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> hade varit ett uppror 1069. Greve <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balduin_VI_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Balduin VI av Flandern">Balduin VI av Flandern</a> avled i juli 1070, vilket ledde till ett tronföljdskrig. Änkan styrde å sina unga söners vägnar, men detta ifrågasattes av Balduins bror, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_I_av_Flandern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert I av Flandern">Robert I av Flandern</a>. Änkan förlovade sig med William FitzOsbern, men han dödades i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Cassel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slaget vid Cassel [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Cassel</a> i februari 1071 och Robert blev greve. Han motsatte sig Vilhelms makt på kontinenten och vid slaget vid Cassel förlorade Vilhelm inte bara en betydelsefull anhängare utan det ledde även till att maktbalansen i norra Frankrike förändrades.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas223_114-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas223-114"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelm slog ned det sista upproret i norr 1071. Earl Edwin förråddes av sina egna män och dödades medan Vilhelm lät bygga en vägbank för att erövra Isle of Ely, där Hereward the Wake och Morcar gömde sig. Hereward flydde, men Morcar tillfångatogs, berövades sin earltitel och fängslades. År 1072 invaderade Vilhelm Skottland där han besegrade Malcolm, som tidigare hade anfallit norra England. Vilhelm och Malcolm skrev under ett fredsfördrag och Malcolm fick lämna över sin son <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duncan_II_av_Skottland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duncan II av Skottland">Duncan</a> som gisslan. Att Edgar the Aetheling skulle lämna Malcolms hov kan också ha varit ett villkor i fördraget.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates107_115-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates107-115"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm återvände till Normandie i början av 1073, då Maine invaderats av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fulko_IV_av_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fulko IV av Anjou">Fulko IV</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greve_av_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Greve av Anjou">greve av Anjou</a>. Vilhelm lyckades snabbt erövra tillbaka La Mans från Fulkos trupper i mars 1073. Detta säkrade Vilhelms makt i norra Frankrike, men den nye greven av Flandern lät Edgar the Aetheling komma till sitt hov. Robert gifte även bort sin halvsyster <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertha_av_Holland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertha av Holland">Bertha</a> med kungen av Frankrike <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filip_I_av_Frankrike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filip I av Frankrike">Filip I</a>, som var motståndare till normandernas makt.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas228_116-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas228-116"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelm återvände till England 1073, men for sedan snabbt tillbaka till Normandie och förblev där under hela 1074.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates111_117-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates111-117"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han lämnade ansvaret över England till anhängare som <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Richard_FitzGilbert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Richard FitzGilbert [inte skriven än]">Richard FitzGilbert</a>, William de Warenne<sup id="cite_ref-Bates112_118-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates112-118"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och Lanfranc.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas231_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas231-119"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Att han lämnade England och var borta därifrån i ett helt år är ett tecken på att han kände att han hade säkrat kontrollen över kungariket.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates112_118-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates112-118"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medan Vilhelm var i Normandie återvände Edgar the Aetheling till Skottland. Den franske kungen föreslog att Edgar skulle få en borg i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montreuil-sur-Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreuil-sur-Mer">Montreuil-sur-Mer</a> vid engelska kanalen, vilket skulle ha gett Edgar en strategisk fördel gentemot Vilhelm,<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas230_120-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas230-120"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men Edgar tvingades underkasta sig Vilhelm kort därefter och återvände till Vilhelms hov.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Earlernas_revolt">Earlernas revolt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Earlernas revolt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl> <dd> Huvudartikel: <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Earlernas_revolt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Earlernas revolt">Earlernas revolt</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg/250px-Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg/250px-Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg/375px-Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg/500px-Castle_Mound_-_Norwich_-_geograph.org.uk_-_780624.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Norwich Castle, där Ralph de Gael hölls inne. </figcaption> </figure> <p>1075, då Vilhelm befann sig på kontinenten, började <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ralph_de_Gael&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ralph de Gael [inte skriven än]">Ralph de Gael</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_Norfolk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av Norfolk [inte skriven än]">earl av Norfolk</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_Breteuil,_2:e_earl_av_Hereford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger de Breteuil, 2:e earl av Hereford [inte skriven än]">Roger de Breteuil</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Earl_av_Hereford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Earl av Hereford [inte skriven än]">earl av Hereford</a> konspirera för att avsätta honom i vad som kom att kallas <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Earlernas_revolt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Earlernas revolt">earlernas revolt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas231_119-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas231-119"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ralph var delvis bretagnare och hade levt större delen av sitt liv i Bretagne, där han fortfarande hade landområden.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralph_121-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ralph-121"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roger var normand, son till William FitzOsbern, men hade inte fått lika mycket makt som fadern hade haft.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_122-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roger-122"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ralph tycks också ha haft mindre makt än de som tidigare varit earler av Norfolk och detta var troligtvis anledningen till att de gjorde uppror.<sup id="cite_ref-Ralph_121-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ralph-121"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vid ett bröllop i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exning">Exning</a> mellan Ralph och en av Rogers släktingar inleddes upproret. Waltheof var också inblandad, trots att han var en av Vilhelms <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gunstling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gunstling">gunstlingar</a>. Det fanns även andra lorder från Bretagne som var villiga att stödja Ralphs och Rogers revolt. Ralph bad om danskt stöd. Vilhelm stannade i Normandie medan hans män kuvade upproret. Roger kunde inte lämna sitt fäste i Herefordshire på grund av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wulfstan_(d%C3%B6d_1095)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wulfstan (död 1095) [inte skriven än]">Wulfstan</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biskop_av_Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Biskop av Worcester">biskop av Worcester</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%86thelwig&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Æthelwig [inte skriven än]">Æthelwig</a>, abbot av Evesham. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odo_av_Bayeux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odo av Bayeux">Odo av Bayeux</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_de_Montbray&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Geoffrey de Montbray [inte skriven än]">Geoffrey de Montbray</a>, Richard FitzGilbert och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_de_Warenne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William de Warenne [inte skriven än]">William de Warenne</a> höll Ralph inne i Norwich Castle. Han lämnade slutligen ansvaret för Norwich till hustrun och lämnade England och for till Bretagne. Norwich belägrades och kapitulerade; garnisonen läts fara till Bretagne. Den danska kungens bror, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_IV_av_Danmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knut IV av Danmark">Knut</a>, kom med 200 skepp men de kom för sent. Danskarna gjorde räder längs kusten innan de begav sig hem igen.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas231_119-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas231-119"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm återvände senare under 1075, tog hand om det danska hotet och lämnade över ansvaret för Normandie till sin maka Matilda. Vilhelm firade jul i Winchester och tog hand om upprorets efterverkningar.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates181_123-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates181-123"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roger och Waltheof sattes i fängelse och Waltheof avrättades i maj 1076. Vilhelm hade dock återvänt till kontinenten före avrättningen då Ralph hade fortsatt att göra uppror från Bretagne.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas231_119-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas231-119"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Problem_utomlands_och_på_hemmafronten"><span id="Problem_utomlands_och_p.C3.A5_hemmafronten"></span>Problem utomlands och på hemmafronten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Problem utomlands och på hemmafronten" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Williams_dominions_1087.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Williams_dominions_1087.jpg/190px-Williams_dominions_1087.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="266" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1486"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 266px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Williams_dominions_1087.jpg/190px-Williams_dominions_1087.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="266" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Williams_dominions_1087.jpg/285px-Williams_dominions_1087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Williams_dominions_1087.jpg/380px-Williams_dominions_1087.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Karta över Vilhelms landområden 1087 (de rosa områdena visar hans land). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Earl Ralph hade tagit kontroll över borgen i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dol-de-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dol-de-Bretagne">Dol-de-Bretagne</a> och i september 1076 gick Vilhelm in i Bretagne och belägrade borgen. Kung Filip befriade senare borgen från belägringen och besegrade Vilhelm i Dol och drev tillbaka honom till Normandie. Detta var Vilhelms första förlust i ett slag.</p> <p><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huset_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huset Anjou">Angevinernas</a> angrepp mot Maine slogs tillbaka i slutet av 1076 eller 1077 och greve Fulko IV skadades. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Simon_de_Cr%C3%A9py&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Simon de Crépy [inte skriven än]">Simon de Crépy</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greve_av_Amiens&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Greve av Amiens [inte skriven än]">greve av Amiens</a>, gick i kloster; innan han blev munk lämnade han över grevskapet <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vexin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vexin [inte skriven än]">Vexin</a> till kung Filip. Vexin hade utgjort en buffertzon mellan Normandie och den franska kungens områden. Simon hade varit en av Vilhelms anhängare, även om Vexin var en av Filips vasallstater, vilket var anledningen till att Simon lämnade över grevskapet till kungen då han blev munk.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates183_124-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates183-124"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm lyckades sluta fred med Filip 1077, få till en vapenvila med greve Fulko i slutet av 1077 eller början av 1078.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates183_124-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates183-124"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I slutet av 1077 eller början av 1078 började Vilhelm få problem med sin äldste son, Robert. Även om Orderic Vitalis menar att det hade sin grund i ett bråk mellan Robert och hans yngre bröder, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilhelm II av England">Vilhelm</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_I_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik I av England">Henrik</a>, och att det började genom ett bråk där Vilhelm och Henrik skulle ha slängt vatten på Robert, så är det mer troligt att det handlade om att Robert kände sig maktlös.</p> <p>Orderic beskriver hur han tidigare krävt att få ta kontrollen över Maine och Normandie, men avvisats. Oroligheterna omkring 1077–1078 ledde till att Robert lämnade Normandie tillsammans med en grupp unga män, många av dem söner till Vilhelms anhängare. Bland dem fanns <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_of_Belleme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert of Belleme [inte skriven än]">Robert of Belleme</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_de_Breteuil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William de Breteuil [inte skriven än]">William de Breteuil</a> och Roger, son till Richard FitzGilbert. Dessa unga män begav sig till borgen i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Remalard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Remalard">Remalard</a>, varifrån de gjorde räder in i Normandie. Detta stöddes av Vilhelms fiender på kontinenten.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates185_125-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates185-125"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm angrep omedelbart rebellerna och drev ut dem från Remalard, men kung Filip gav dem borgen i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerberoy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerberoy">Gerberoy</a> dit fler anhängare tog sig. Vilhelm belägrade Gerberoy i januari 1079. Efter tre veckor rusade de belägrade trupperna plötsligt ut från borgen och lyckades överraska motståndarna. Robert fick Vilhelm att falla av sin häst, men han räddades från döden av en engelsman. Vilhelms trupper tvingades bryta belägringen och kungen återvände till Rouen. Den 12 april 1080 lyckades Robert och Vilhelm nå en överenskommelse där Vilhelm försäkrade Robert om att han skulle få Normandie när Vilhelm dog.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas238_126-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas238-126"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Informationen om Vilhelms förlust i Gerberoy ledde till oroligheter i norra England. I augusti och september 1079 plundrade kung Malcolm av Skottland området mellan floderna <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tweed_(flod)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tweed (flod)">Tweed</a> och Tees. Att normanderna inte kom till deras försvar ledde till befolkningen i Northumbria gjorde uppror mot <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Walcher">Walcher</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biskop_av_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biskop av Durham">biskop av Durham</a> och earl av Northumbria. Biskopen dödades den 14 maj 1080 och Vilhelm skickade sin bror Odo att ta hand om upproret.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas240_127-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas240-127"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm gav sig av från Normandie i juli 1080<sup id="cite_ref-Bates188_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates188-128"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och på hösten sändes Vilhelms son Robert i ett fälttåg mot skottarna. Robert gjorde räder i Lothian och tvingade Malcolm att gå med på hans villkor och bygga ett fort i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newcastle-on-Tyne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle-on-Tyne">Newcastle-on-Tyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas240_127-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas240-127"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kungen var i Gloucester under julen 1080 och i Winchester pingsten 1081, bärandes sin krona. Ett påvligt sändebud anlände till England under denna tid, men avvisades av Vilhelm.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates188_128-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates188-128"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm besökte även Wales under 1081, även om de engelska och de walesiska källorna inte är eniga om orsaken till det besöket. Enligt <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> var det ett fälttåg medan de walesiska källorna menar att det var en pilgrimsfärd till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Davids?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St Davids">St Davids</a> till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_av_Menevia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David av Menevia">Sankt Davids</a> ära. Historikern David Bates menar att det är mer troligt att det rörde sig om ett fälttåg. då maktbalansen i Wales hade förändrats under denna tid och det var något som Vilhelm hade velat dra nytta av för att utöka den normandiska makten. I slutet av 1081 återvände Vilhelm till kontinenten för att ta hand om oroligheter i Maine. Ett fördrag slöts med en påvlig legat.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates189_129-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates189-129"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="De_sista_åren"><span id="De_sista_.C3.A5ren"></span>De sista åren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: De sista åren" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Det finns inte många källor till vad som hände Vilhelm under perioden 1082–1084. Enligt historikern David Bates beror det på att det inte hände särskilt mycket och att Vilhelm befann sig på kontinenten så det fanns inget att skriva ned i <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates193_130-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates193-130"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm lät fängsla sin halvbror Odo 1082, men det är oklart varför. Inga samtida källor nämner osämja mellan bröderna. Orderic Vitalis skriver senare att Odo ville bli påve och att han försökt övertala några av Vilhelms vasaller att invadera södra Italien med honom. Att Odo försökt styra över Vilhelms vasaller är inget som Vilhelm skulle ha tolererat. Odo satt fängslad under resten av Vilhelms regeringstid, men hans landområden beslagtogs inte. 1083 gjorde Vilhelms äldste son Robert återigen uppror, med stöd från den franska kungen. Den 2 november 1083 avled Vilhelms gemål Matilda.</p> <p>Problemen i Maine fortsatte, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hubert_de_Beaumont-au-Maine&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine [inte skriven än]">Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine</a> gjorde uppror, troligtvis 1084. Hans borg i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_Mayenne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Mayenne">Sainte-Suzanne</a> belägrades av Vilhelms trupper i åtminstone två år, men de kunde sluta fred så småningom. Vilhelm var i Normandie under påsken 1084, men han kan ha varit i England innan dess för att samla in <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danag%C3%A4ld?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danagäld">danagäld</a> för att inte riskera att bli invaderade av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knut_IV_av_Danmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knut IV av Danmark">Knut IV av Danmark</a>. Invasionshotet fanns kvar ända fram till Knuts död i juli 1086.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates196_131-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates196-131"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vilhelm_som_kung">Vilhelm som kung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vilhelm som kung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Förändringar_i_England_gällande_borgar,_skogar_och_adel"><span id="F.C3.B6r.C3.A4ndringar_i_England_g.C3.A4llande_borgar.2C_skogar_och_adel"></span>Förändringar i England gällande borgar, skogar och adel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förändringar i England gällande borgar, skogar och adel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/250px-Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/250px-Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/375px-Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/500px-Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> White Tower i London byggdes av Vilhelm.<sup id="cite_ref-Castles151_132-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Castles151-132"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>För att säkra England lät Vilhelm bygga många borgar, fästningar och motte-and-bailey-byggnader, däribland White Tower i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Towern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Towern">Towern</a>. Dessa byggnader gjorde att normanderna kunde dra sig tillbaka i säkerhet när de hotades av uppror och skyddade <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garnison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garnison">garnisonerna</a> när de befann sig på landsbygden. De tidigaste borgarna var enkla konstruktioner av trä och lera, som senare ersättes av stenbyggnader.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates147_133-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates147-133"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I början hade de nyinflyttade normandernas riddare inga egna landområden, men så småningom fick de egna <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B6rl%C3%A4ning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Förläning">förläningar</a>. Vilhelm krävde även att hans stormän bidrog med ett visst antal riddare, både för fälttåg och borggarnisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates154_134-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates154-134"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>När Vilhelm dog, efter att ha kväst många uppror, var de flesta ur den infödda anglosaxiska adeln utbytt mot normander och andra stormän från kontinenten. En del av de som följt Vilhelm under erövringen fick inte landområden i England. Många av dem tyckts ha varit skeptiska till att få förläningar i ett land som inte alltid tycktes fredligt. En del av normanderna i England kom från Vilhelms familj eller den övre normandiska noblessen och en del kom från relativt enkla förhållanden.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates148_135-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates148-135"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm slog i vissa fall samman landområden som tillhört många olika engelsmän och förlänade dem till en normandisk anhängare, ofta för att stärka makten kring en strategiskt placerad borg.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates152_136-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates152-136"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Den medeltida krönikören <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William av Malmesbury">William av Malmesbury</a> skriver att kungen avfolkade ett stort landområde, 36 församlingar, och skapade det kungliga <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Forest">New Forest</a>-området därför att han roades av jakt. Moderna historiker menar att avfolkningen av New Forest-området var överdrivet; större delen av området är inte dugligt för jordbruk och arkeologiska och geografiska studier visar att det är inte troligt att det var särskilt befolkat när det förvandlades till kunglig skog.<sup id="cite_ref-Young7_137-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Young7-137"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm älskade jakt och han skapade jaktlagar som reglerade vem som fick jaga och vad som fick jagas.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates118_138-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates118-138"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg/250px-William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="673"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg/250px-William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg/375px-William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg/500px-William_the_Conqueror_1066_1087.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Ett engelskt mynt med Vilhelm Erövraren på. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Vilhelm försökte inte att ena sina områden till ett enda rike med samma lagstiftning efter 1066. På hans sigill, skapat efter 1066, läggs det vikt vid hans roll som kung men den skiljs från hans roll som hertig. I Normandie svor han sin trohet till den franske kungen men inte i England, vilket är ytterligare ett tecken på att hans olika områden behandlades olika och hade olika slags administration. I England användes förordningar som var okända på kontinenten och de stadgor och dokument som skapades i Normandie skilde sig från de som skapades i England.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates138_139-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates138-139"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Han tog över ett engelskt styre som var mer komplext än det normandiska. England var uppdelat i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shire_(administrativ_enhet)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shire (administrativ enhet) [inte skriven än]">shires</a> ("grevskap"') eller counties ("län"), vilka i sin tur var uppdelade i hundreds ("<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hundare_(England)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundare (England)">hundare</a>") eller wapentake. Varje shire styrdes av en sheriff, som hade ungefär samma ställning som en normandisk <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viscount?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount">viscount</a>. Sheriffen hade ansvar för kunglig rättskipning och för att samla in kungliga intäkter.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates23_140-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates23-140"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm var tvungen att resa mycket för att övervaka sina utökade områden. Han reste mellan kontinenten och England åtminstone 19 gånger mellan 1067 och sin död. Vilhelm tillbringade större delen av sin tid i England under tiden mellan 1066 och 1072 och efter det tillbringade han större delen av sin tid i Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates133134_141-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates133134-141"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han utsåg personer ur sin familj som kunde fatta beslut åt honom då han var frånvarande, vanligtvis makan Matilda eller hans halvbror Odo.</p> <p>Vilhelm fortsatte att samla in danagäld, en landskatt. Det var en skatt som baserades på landområdenas värde och kunde variera mellan 2 och 6 shillings per hide.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates151_143-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates151-143"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engelska mynt innehöll mycket silver och var konstnärligt utförda jämfört med de normandiska. I England tilläts inga andra mynt medan det i Normandie accepterades. Det finns inget som tyder på att engelska mynt användes i Normandie, vilket tyder på att det inte gjordes några försök att integrera de båda områdenas monetära system.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates138_139-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates138-139"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Han stärkte sin makt, inte bara genom beskattning, utan även genom sina stora ägor. Som kung Edwards arvtagare hade han kontroll över alla de kungliga områdena och de områden han erövrat från Harald och hans familj. Detta gjorde honom till den allra största jordägaren i riket. I <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domesday_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i> kan man se att kungens land var värt fyra gånger så mycket som den näst största jordägarens, hans halvbror Odo, och sju gånger så mycket som den tredje största jordägarens, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_av_Montgomery&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roger av Montgomery [inte skriven än]">Roger av Montgomery</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bates150_144-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates150-144"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Vilhelm Erövraren blev mycket rik efter erövringen av England. Han anses varit den 7:e rikaste personen genom världshistorien, och efterlämnade i storleksordning runt 2000 miljarder kronor till sina söner (förmögenheten justerad för inflation)<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Domesday_Book"><i>Domesday Book</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Domesday Book" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl> <dd> Huvudartikel: <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domesday_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg/250px-Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="972"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg/250px-Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg/375px-Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg/500px-Domesday-book-1804x972.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> En illustration av <i>Domesday Book</i>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Julen 1085 lät Vilhelm göra en sammanställning över hans och hans vasallers ägor i kungariket, ett verk som numera kallas <i>Domesday Book</i>. Där beskrivs ägorna, vem som ägde området före erövringen, dess värde, taxering och vanligtvis hur många bönder, plogar och andra resurser som hörde till ägorna. Städer redovisades separat. Alla engelska counties söder om floden Tees och floden <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ribble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ribble">Ribble</a> finns med och det tycks ha varit i stort sett färdigställt den 1 augusti 1086 då <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> uppger att Vilhelm tog emot resultatet och alla stormän svor Salisburyeden, som var en förnyad trohetsed.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates198_146-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates198-146"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det är oklart vilket som var Vilhelms exakta syfte med att <i>Domesday Book</i>, men troligtvis tjänade den flera olika syften som en förteckning över feudala förpliktelser och ett rättfärdigande av skattehöjningar.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-18" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Död"><span id="D.C3.B6d"></span>Död</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Död" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fil:StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG/190px-StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="931"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG/190px-StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG" data-width="190" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG/285px-StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG/380px-StEtienne_Tombo_GuillaumeLeC.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vilhelms grav i Saint-Étienne. </figcaption> </figure> <p>I slutet av 1086 for Vilhelm från England. Hans dotter <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constance_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constance av Normandie">Constance</a> gifte sig med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_Fergant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Fergant">Alan Fergant</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greve_av_Bretagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Greve av Bretagne [inte skriven än]">greve av Bretagne</a> för att stärka Vilhelms makt mot de franska kungen. Vilhelms son Robert, som fortfarande var allierad med den franske kungen Filip I ställde till problem, vilket fick Vilhelm att leda ett fälttåg mot franska Vexin i juli 1087. Vilhelm erövrade Mantes, men blev antingen sjuk eller skadades av sadelknappen.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates202_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates202-147"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fördes till klostret St Gervase i Rouen, där han avled den 9 september 1087.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-19" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vad som hände före hans död är oklart, då det finns två olika beskrivningar: Orderic Vitalis ger en lång redogörelse med olika tal, men detta är troligtvis en redogörelse för hur en kung borde dö snarare än vad som verkligen hände. Den andra, <i>De Obitu Willelmi</i> eller <i>On the Death of William</i>, har visat sig vara en kopia av två redogörelser från 1000-talet med namnen utbytta.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates202_147-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates202-147"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelm efterlämnade Normandie till Robert och England till sin andre son, Vilhelm. Den yngste sonen Henrik fick pengar. Vilhelm Erövraren sände sin son Vilhelm till England den 7 eller 8 september med ett brev till Lanfranc med order till ärkebiskopen att hjälpa den nye kungen. Han efterlämnade även gåvor till kyrkan och pengar som skulle fördelas bland de fattiga. Han gav även order om att alla hans fångar skulle friges, däribland hans halvbror Odo.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates202_147-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates202-147"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Efter Vilhelms död utbröt oroligheter. De som hade funnits där vid hans dödsbädd i Rouen skyndade hem för att sköta sina egna affärer. Prästerskapet såg så småningom till att liket forslades till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_aux_Hommes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abbaye aux Hommes [inte skriven än]">Abbaye aux Hommes</a> (även kallad Saint-Étienne) i <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caen">Caen</a>, där Vilhelm hade angivit att han ville bli begraven. Begravningen stördes av en invånare i Caen som hävdade att hans familj ägde det landområde där kyrkan hade byggts och att de blivit fråntagna marken olagligen, något som visade sig stämma och mannen kompenserades. När liket sänktes ned i graven visade det sig att den var för stor och när man försökte trycka ned det så sprack det och spred en hemsk stank i kyrkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates207_148-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates207-148"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>På Vilhelms grav finns en stenplatta med en inskription från tidigt 1800-talet. Graven har öppnats vid flera tillfällen; första gången var 1522, då påven krävde att graven skulle öppnas. Kvarlevorna lades tillbaka intakta då men 1562, under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franska_religionskrigen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franska religionskrigen">franska religionskrigen</a> öppnades den och benen spreds och gick förlorade, förutom ett lårben. Det begravdes 1642 med en ny sten som ersattes hundra år senare av ett monument. Detta förstördes under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franska_revolutionen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franska revolutionen">franska revolutionen</a>, men ersattes så småningom med den nuvarande stenen.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas362_149-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas362-149"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eftermäle"><span id="Efterm.C3.A4le"></span>Eftermäle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Eftermäle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p>Efter Vilhelms död utbröt ett krig mellan hans söner Robert och Vilhelm över makten i England och Normandie.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-20" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilhelm II avled 1100 och den yngste brodern Henrik efterträdde honom som kung, men stridigheterna mellan Vilhelm Erövrarens söner fortsatte och Robert fängslade Henrik under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Tinchebray&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slaget vid Tinchebray [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Tinchebray</a> 1106. Oroligheterna ledde till att de förlorade kontrollen i Normandie och adeln tog tillbaka mycket av den makt som de förlorat under Vilhelm Erövrarens tid. Maine gjorde uppror 1089 och lyckades därefter hålla sig i stort sett fria från normandiskt styre.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates208_152-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates208-152"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelms erövring av England innebar djupgående förändringar för kyrkan, adeln, kulturen, språket; något som bestått ända in i modern tid. Bandet med Frankrike blev starkare och varade under hela medeltiden. De tidigare så starka bandet mellan England och Skandinavien bröts. Vilhelm blandade element från engelska och normandiska system och skapade ett styrelseskick som låg till grunden för det senare medeltida kungariket.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates210_153-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates210-153"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hur betydande förändringarna var debatteras bland historiker där somliga, såsom historikern <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Richard_Southern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Richard Southern [inte skriven än]">Richard Southern</a>, menar att det var den mest betydande förändringen i den europeiska historien mellan romarrikets fall och 1900-talet. Andra, såsom historikerna <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=H.G._Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="H.G. Richardson [inte skriven än]">H.G. Richardson</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G.O._Sayles&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="G.O. Sayles [inte skriven än]">G.O. Sayles</a>, menar att de förändringar som erövringen ledde till inte var fullt så radikala som Southern menar att de var.<sup id="cite_ref-Rulers31_154-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rulers31-154"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historikern Eleanor Searle beskriver Vilhelms erövring som "en plan som bara en skandinavisk härskare skulle ha tänkt på".<sup id="cite_ref-Searle232_155-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Searle232-155"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vilhelms styre orsakade historisk oenighet redan före hans död. Vilhelm av Poitiers hyllade Vilhelms styre, men <i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> fördömer honom i hårda ordalag i sin minnesruna.<sup id="cite_ref-Rulers31_154-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rulers31-154"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Många politiker och ledare har använt hans regeringstid för att illustrera politiska händelse i sin samtid. Under <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elisabet_I_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabet I av England">Elisabet I av England</a> ansåg ärkebiskop <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthew_Parker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> att erövringen hade korrumperat den rena engelska kyrkan, som Parker försökte återställa. Under 1600- och 1700-talet menade vissa historiker och jurister att Vilhelm hade lagt ett normandiskt ok på de infödda anglosaxarna. Vissa historiker menar att Vilhelm var en av skaparna av Englands storhet medan andra menar att hans erövring var en av de största förlusterna i den engelska historien. Vissa ser Vilhelm som en fiende mot den engelska konstitutionen, medan andra ser honom som dess skapare.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas4_156-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas4-156"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Anfäder"><span id="Anf.C3.A4der"></span>Anfäder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Anfäder" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px 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serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adele_av_Meaux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adele av Meaux [inte skriven än]">Adele av Meaux</a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;">Vilhelm Erövraren</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fulbert_av_Falaise&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fulbert av Falaise [inte skriven än]">Fulbert av Falaise</a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td style="border-right:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:2em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herleva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herleva">Herleva</a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em"> <span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Familj_och_barn">Familj och barn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Familj och barn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <p>Vilhelm och Matilda av Flandern hade åtminstone nio barn.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vilken ordning pojkarna föddes i är känt, men inte vilken ordning flickorna föddes.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-21" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ol> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Curthose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Curthose">Robert</a> född mellan 1051 och 1054, död 10 februari 1134.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hertig av Normandie, gift med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sibylla_av_Conversano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibylla av Conversano">Sibylla av Conversano</a>, dotter till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_av_Conversano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Geoffrey av Conversano [inte skriven än]">Geoffrey av Conversano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RobertDNB_157-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RobertDNB-157"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Richard,_hertig_av_Bernay&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Richard, hertig av Bernay [inte skriven än]">Richard</a> född före 1056, död omkring 1075.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vilhelm II av England">Vilhelm</a> född mellan 1056 och 1060, död 2 augusti 1100.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-4" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kung av England, dödad i New Forest.<sup id="cite_ref-RufusDNB_158-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RufusDNB-158"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_I_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik I av England">Henrik</a> född i slutet av 1068, död 1 december 1135.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-5" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kung av England, gift med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edith_av_Skottland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edith av Skottland">Edith av Skottland</a>, dotter till <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malkolm_III_av_Skottland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malkolm III av Skottland">Malkolm III av Skottland</a>. Hans andra maka var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adeliza_av_Louvain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adeliza av Louvain">Adeliza av Louvain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook35_159-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Handbook35-159"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adeliza&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adeliza [inte skriven än]">Adeliza</a> (eller Adelida<sup id="cite_ref-Adelida_160-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Adelida-160"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/Adelaide<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook35_159-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Handbook35-159"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) dog före 1113. Enligt rykten trolovad med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harald_II_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald II av England">Harald II av England</a>, troligtvis nunna på St Léger at Préaux.<sup id="cite_ref-Adelida_160-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Adelida-160"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecilia_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecilia av Normandie">Cecilia</a> (eller Cecily) född före 1066, död 1127. Abbedissa på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_aux_Dames&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abbaye aux Dames [inte skriven än]">Holy Trinity, Caen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-6" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Matilda<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-22" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adelida_160-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Adelida-160"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> född omkring 1061, kanske död omkring 1086.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook35_159-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Handbook35-159"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omnämnd i <i>Domesday Book</i> som dotter till Vilhelm William.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-7" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constance_av_Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constance av Normandie">Constance</a> död 1090. Gift med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_IV_av_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan IV av Bretagne">Alan IV Fergent</a>, <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hertig_av_Bretagne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hertig av Bretagne [inte skriven än]">hertig av Bretagne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-8" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adela_av_Blois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adela av Blois">Adela</a> död 1137. Gift med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stephen,_greve_av_Blois&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stephen, greve av Blois [inte skriven än]">Stephen, greve av Blois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-9" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>(möjligen) Agatha. Trolovad med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfons_VI_av_Le%C3%B3n_och_Kastilien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfons VI av León och Kastilien">Alfons VI av León och Kastilien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ol> <p>Det finns inga källor som tyder på att Vilhelm skulle haft några illegitima barn.<sup id="cite_ref-Bastards59_165-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bastards59-165"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Anmärkningar"><span id="Anm.C3.A4rkningar"></span>Anmärkningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Anmärkningar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r47958313">.mw-parser-output .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .skin-minerva .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}</style> <div class="fotnotslista" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Han beskrevs endast som "oäktingen" i icke-normandiska källor</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Krönikeskrivaren William av Poitiers menar att Edward trontillträde skedde tack vare hertig Vilhelms ansträngningar, men detta är föga troligt då Vilhelm praktiskt taget var maktlös i sitt eget hertigdöme.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DNB-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Vilhelms exakta födelsedag är okänd på grund av motsägelser i normandiska krönikor. Enligt <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a> uppgav Vilhelm på sin dödsbädd att han var 64 år gammal, vilket skulle innebära att han var född omkring 1023. Dock menar Orderic Vitalis även att han var 8 år gammal då fadern for till Jerusalem 1035, vilket i så fall innebär att hans föddes 1027. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William av Malmesbury">William av Malmesbury</a> skrev att Vilhelm var 7 år gammal då fadern gav sig av, vilket innebär att han var född 1028. <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_Obitu_Willelmi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De Obitu Willelmi [inte skriven än]">De Obitu Willelmi</a></i> hävdar att Vilhelm var 59 år gammal när han avled, vilket innebär att han föddes 1028 eller 1029.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas379_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas379-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Emma av Normandie var alltså hans gammelfaster och Edvard Bekännaren hans fars kusin.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas417_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas417-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Douglas420_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas420-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Walter hade två döttrar: en blev nunna och den andra, Matilda, gifte sig med <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Tesson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ralph Tesson [inte skriven än]">Ralph Tesson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas379_11-4" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas379-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hur illegitimitet betraktades av kyrkan och samhället genomgick en förändring under denna tid. Kyrkan, som influerades av <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorianska_reformen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorianska reformen">gregorianska reformen</a>, menade att utomäktenskapligt sex fläckade den avkomma som blev resultatet, men adeln hade ännu inte accepterat denna syn under Vilhelms tid.<sup id="cite_ref-Crouch132_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Crouch132-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1135 föddes den illegitima <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert,_1:e_earl_of_Gloucester&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert, 1:e earl of Gloucester [inte skriven än]">Robert av Gloucester</a>, son till Vilhelms son <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_I_av_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik I av England">Henrik I av England</a>, som inte tilläts bli kung, när Henrik saknade legitima manliga arvingar, trots att han hade visst stöd av den engelska adeln.<sup id="cite_ref-Bastards42_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bastards42-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Orsaken till förbudet är oklart. Det finns inga dokument bevarade från mötet och den enda källan som finns är från Orderic Vitalis. Han antydde att de var för nära släkt, men gav inga detaljer.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas391-393_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas391-393-52"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <span class="reference-text">De två klostren var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abbaye-aux-Hommes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abbaye-aux-Hommes [inte skriven än]">Abbaye-aux-Hommes</a> (eller Saint-Étienne), som grundades av Vilhelm omkring 1059, och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_aux_Dames&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Abbaye aux Dames [inte skriven än]">Abbaye aux Dames</a> (eller Sainte-Trinité) för kvinnor, som grundades av Matilda ungefär fyra år senare.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates66_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates66-58"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ætheling, eller aetheling, betyder "prins i kungahuset" och används av sonen eller brodern till kungen.<sup id="cite_ref-BASEAetheling_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BASEAetheling-77"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Edgar the Aetheling var en annan som gjorde anspråk på kronan,<sup id="cite_ref-Bates78_82-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates78-82"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men han var ung<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas18_83-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thomas18-83"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> troligvis bara 14 år gammal 1066.<sup id="cite_ref-Conquest132_84-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Conquest132-84"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bayeuxtapeten avbildar möjligen ett påvligt baner som bärs av Vilhelms trupper, men det står inget om det på tapeten.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huscroft120-88"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William av Malmesbury">William av Malmesbury</a> uppger att Vilhelm accepterade Gythas erbjudande, medan William av Poitiers menar att Vilhelm avvisade det.<sup id="cite_ref-Godwine_97-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Godwine-97"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bland Haralds moderna levnadstecknare råder enighet kring att Vilhelm avvisade erbjudandet.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker181_98-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Walker181-98"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rex254_99-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rex254-99"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Medeltida källor anger ofta bara årstid, vilket gör det svårt att avgöra exakt vilket datum en händelse skedde.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Historikern Frank Barlow påpekar att Vilhelm hade fått lida för sin farbror Maugers äregirighet som ung och ville kanske inte riskera att en sådan situation uppstod igen.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow59_111-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barlow59-111"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Mellan 1066 och 1072 tillbringade Vilhelm bara 15 månader i Normandie, under resten av tiden befann han sig i England. Efter att han återvänt till Normandie 1072 tillbringade han omkring 130 månader i Normandie, men bara 40 månader i England.<sup id="cite_ref-Bates133134_141-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bates133134-141"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Det lårben som ligger i graven antas vara det som återbegravdes 1642, men den victorianska historikern <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=E._A._Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="E. A. Freeman [inte skriven än]">E. A. Freeman</a> menade att detta ben försvann 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas363_150-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas363-150"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_av_Poitiers&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William av Poitiers [inte skriven än]">William av Poitiers</a> skriver om två bröder, iberiska kungar, tävlade om Vilhelm Erövrarens dotters hand, vilket ledde till en konflikt dem emellan.<sup id="cite_ref-Salazar_161-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Salazar-161"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vissa historiker menar att de var <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sancho_II_av_Le%C3%B3n_och_Kastilien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sancho II av León och Kastilien [inte skriven än]">Sancho II av Kastilien</a> och hans bror <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_II_av_Galicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="García II av Galicien">García II av Galicien</a> och att bruden var Sanchos hustru Alberta, som bar ett icke-iberiskt namn.<sup id="cite_ref-Reilly_162-0" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reilly-162"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En anonymt skriven levnadsteckning över greve Simon av Crépy gör gällande att <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfons_VI_av_Le%C3%B3n_och_Kastilien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfons VI av León och Kastilien">Alfons VI av León och Kastilien</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Guiscard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Guiscard">Robert Guiscard</a> skulle ha varit dessa bröder medan <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William av Malmesbury">William av Malmesbury</a> och <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orderic_Vitalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orderic Vitalis">Orderic Vitalis</a> omnämner båda en dotter som varit trolovad med Alfons "kung av Galicien", men som dött före bröllopet. I sin <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> omnämner Orderic henne som Agatha, "Haralds förra fästmö".<sup id="cite_ref-Salazar_161-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Salazar-161"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reilly_162-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reilly-162"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta stämmer inte med det Orderic tidigare skrev i tillägg till <i><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gesta_Normannorum_Ducum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gesta Normannorum Ducum [inte skriven än]">Gesta Normannorum Ducum</a></i>, där han skrev att Haralds fästmö var Vilhelms dotter Adelidis.<sup id="cite_ref-Adelida_160-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Adelida-160"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nya undersökningar av Alfons VI:s komplexa äktenskapshistoria har kommit fram till att han var trolovad med en Agatha som var dotter till Vilhelm.<sup id="cite_ref-Salazar_161-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Salazar-161"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reilly_162-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reilly-162"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas menar dock att Vilhelm inte haft någon dotter som hette Agatha, att det är ett missförstånd och att det rörde sig om dottern Adeliza.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas393_60-10" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Douglas393-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elisabeth van Houts är öppen både för möjligheten att Adeliza var förlovad innan hon blev nunna och att Agatha kan ha varit en annan av Vilhelms döttrar.<sup id="cite_ref-Adelida_160-4" class="reference"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Adelida-160"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWilliam_the_Conqueror%26oldid%3D542813919">tidigare version</a>.</i></span> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bates33-1">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates33_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates33_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates33_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates33_1-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 33</span></li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-2">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-11"><small>l</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-12"><small>m</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-13"><small>n</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-14"><small>o</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-15"><small>p</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-16"><small>q</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-17"><small>r</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-18"><small>s</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-19"><small>t</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-20"><small>u</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-21"><small>v</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DNB_2-22"><small>w</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29448?docPos%3D2">William I (known as William the Conqueror)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Collins376-4"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Collins376_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Collins (1999), s. 376–377</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Williams42-5"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Williams42_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Williams (2003) s. 42–43</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Williams54-6"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Williams54_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Williams (2003) s. 54–55</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Conquest80-7"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Conquest80_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 80–83</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Conquest83-8"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Conquest83_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 83–85</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Official-10"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Official_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheNormans/WilliamItheConqueror.aspx">William the Conqueror</a>" <i>History of the Monarchy</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas379-11">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas379_11-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas379_11-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas379_11-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas379_11-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas379_11-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 379–382</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas417-13"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas417_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 417</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas420-14"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas420_14-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 420</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Houts19-17"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Houts19_17-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">van Houts "Les femmes" (2002), s. 19–34</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas31-18"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas31_18-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 31–32</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas32-19"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas32_19-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 32–34, 145</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas35-20">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas35_20-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas35_20-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 35–37</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates115-21">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates115_21-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates115_21-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates115_21-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 115–116</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas368-22"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas368_22-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 368–369</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Searle203-23"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Searle203_23-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Searle (1988), s. 203</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft323-24"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft323_24-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 323</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates36-25"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates36_25-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 36</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas37-26"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas37_26-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 37</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Crouch132-27"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Crouch132_27-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Crouch (2005), s. 132–133</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bastards42-28"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bastards42_28-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Given-Wilson & Curteis (1995), s. 42</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas38-30">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas38_30-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas38_30-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 38–39</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas51-31"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas51_31-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 51</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas40-32"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas40_32-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 40</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates37-33"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates37_33-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 37</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Searle196-34"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Searle196_34-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Searle (1988), s. 196–198</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas42-35"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas42_35-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 42–43</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas45-36"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas45_36-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 45–46</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas47-37"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas47_37-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 47–49</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates38-38"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates38_38-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 38</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates40-39"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates40_39-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 40</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas53-40"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas53_40-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 53</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas54-41"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas54_41-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 54–55</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas56-42">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas56_42-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas56_42-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 56–58</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates43-43"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates43_43-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 43–44</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas59-44"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas59_44-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 59–60</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas63-45"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas63_45-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 63–64</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas66-46"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas66_46-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 66–67</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas64-47"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas64_47-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 64</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas67-48"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas67_48-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 67</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas68-49"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas68_49-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 68–69</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas75-50"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas75_50-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 75–76</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates50-51">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates50_51-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates50_51-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 50</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas391-393-52"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas391-393_52-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 391–393</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas76-54"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas76_54-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 76</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas391-55"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas391_55-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 391</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates44-56">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates44_56-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates44_56-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 44–45</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas80-57"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas80_57-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 80</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates66-58"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates66_58-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 66–67</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas393-60">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas393_60-10"><small>k</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 393–395</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates133-61"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates133_61-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 133</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates63-62"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates63_62-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 63–65</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates64-63">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates64_63-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates64_63-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 64–66</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas111-64"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas111_64-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 111–112</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow-65">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow_65-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow_65-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Barlow "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8516">Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor) (1003x5–1066)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates46-66">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates46_66-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates46_66-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 46–47</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft93-67">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft93_67-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft93_67-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 93–95</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft86-68"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft86_68-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 86–87</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft89-69"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft89_69-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 89–91</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft95-70"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft95_70-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 95–96</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas174-71"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas174_71-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 174</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates53-72">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates53_72-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates53_72-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 53</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas178-73"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas178_73-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 178–179</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft98-74"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft98_74-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 98–100</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft102-75"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft102_75-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 102–103</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft97-76"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft97_76-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 97</span></li> <li id="cite_note-BASEAetheling-77"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BASEAetheling_77-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Miller (2001), s. 13–14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft107-79"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft107_79-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 107–109</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft115-80"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft115_80-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 115–116</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ruling12-81">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling12_81-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling12_81-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling12_81-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling12_81-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2005), s. 12–13</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates78-82"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates78_82-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 78</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas18-83"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Thomas18_83-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Thomas (2007), s. 18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Conquest132-84"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Conquest132_84-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 132</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft118-86">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft118_86-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft118_86-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 118–119</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates79-87"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates79_87-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 79–81</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft120-88">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft120_88-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 120–123</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter72-90">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter72_90-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (2004), s. 72</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lawson180-91"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lawson180_91-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Lawson (2002), s. 180–182</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marren99-92"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marren99_92-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Marren (2004), s. 99–100</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft126-93"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft126_93-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 126</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter73-94"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter73_94-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (2004), s. 73</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft127-95"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft127_95-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 127–128</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft129-96"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft129_96-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 129</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Godwine-97"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Godwine_97-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Williams "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10887">Godwine , earl of Wessex (d. 1053)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Walker181-98"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Walker181_98-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Walker (2000), s. 181</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rex254-99"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rex254_99-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Rex (2005), s. 254</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft131-101"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft131_101-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 131</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft132-102">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft132_102-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft132_102-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 131–133</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft138-103">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huscroft138_103-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2009), s. 138–139</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas423-104"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas423_104-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 423</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter75-105">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter75_105-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter75_105-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (2004), s. 75–76</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ruling57-106">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling57_106-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling57_106-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ruling57_106-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Huscroft (2005), s. 57–58</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter76-108">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter76_108-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Carpenter76_108-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Carpenter (2004), s. 76–77</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas225-109"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas225_109-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 225</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates106-110">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates106_110-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates106_110-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates106_110-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 106–107</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow59-111">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow59_111-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barlow59_111-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Barlow (2004), s. 59</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas221-113"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas221_113-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 221–222</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas223-114"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas223_114-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 223–225</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates107-115"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates107_115-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 107–109</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas228-116"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas228_116-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 228–229</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates111-117"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates111_117-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 111</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates112-118">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates112_118-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates112_118-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 112</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas231-119">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas231_119-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas231_119-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas231_119-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas231_119-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 231–233</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas230-120"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas230_120-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 230–231</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ralph-121">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ralph_121-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ralph_121-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Williams "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11707">Ralph , earl (d. 1097x9)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Roger-122"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roger_122-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Lewis "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9661">Breteuil, Roger de , earl of Hereford (fl. 1071–1087)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates181-123"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates181_123-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 181–182</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates183-124">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates183_124-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates183_124-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 183–184</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates185-125"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates185_125-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 185–186</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas238-126"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas238_126-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 238–239</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas240-127">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas240_127-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas240_127-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 240–241</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates188-128">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates188_128-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates188_128-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 188</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates189-129"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates189_129-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 189</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates193-130"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates193_130-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 193</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates196-131"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates196_131-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 196–198</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Castles151-132"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Castles151_132-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Pettifer (1995), s. 151</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates147-133"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates147_133-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 147–148</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates154-134"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates154_134-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 154–155</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates148-135"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates148_135-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 148–149</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates152-136"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates152_136-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 152–153</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Young7-137"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Young7_137-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Young (1979), s. 7–8</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates118-138"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates118_138-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 118–119</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates138-139">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates138_139-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates138_139-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 138–141</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates23-140"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates23_140-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 23–24</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates133134-141">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates133134_141-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates133134_141-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 133–134</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates151-143"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates151_143-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 151–152</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates150-144"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates150_144-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 150</span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <span class="reference-text">The 10 richest people of all time <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cheatsheet.com/money-career/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time.html/">https://www.cheatsheet.com/money-career/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time.html/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701173621/https://www.cheatsheet.com/money-career/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time.html/">Arkiverad</a> 1 juli 2019 hämtat från the <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates198-146"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates198_146-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 198–202</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates202-147">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates202_147-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates202_147-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates202_147-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 202–205</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates207-148"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates207_148-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 207–208</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas362-149"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas362_149-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 362–363</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas363-150"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas363_150-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 363 fotnot 4</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates208-152"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates208_152-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 208–209</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bates210-153"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bates210_153-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bates (2004), s. 210–211</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rulers31-154">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rulers31_154-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rulers31_154-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Clanchy (2006), s. 31–32</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Searle232-155"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Searle232_155-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Searle (1988), s. 232, citat: "[A] plan that no ruler but a Scandinavian would have considered."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas4-156"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Douglas4_156-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Douglas (1964), s. 4–5</span></li> <li id="cite_note-RobertDNB-157"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RobertDNB_157-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Thompson "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23715">Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-RufusDNB-158"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RufusDNB_158-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Barlow "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29449">William II (c.1060–1100)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook35-159">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Handbook35_159-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Handbook35_159-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Handbook35_159-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Fryde, Greenway, Porter & Roy (1996), s. 35</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Adelida-160">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Adelida_160-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Adelida_160-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Adelida_160-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Adelida_160-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Adelida_160-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">van Houts <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/164">Adelida (Adeliza) (d. before 1113)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Salazar-161">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Salazar_161-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Salazar_161-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Salazar_161-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Salazar y Acha (1992-93) s. 307–308</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Reilly-162">^ [<a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Reilly_162-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Reilly_162-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Reilly_162-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Reilly (1988), s. 47</span></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Canal Sánchez-Pagín (1991), s. 12–14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bastards59-165"><a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bastards59_165-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Given-Wilson & Curteis (1995), s. 59</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta källor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBarlow,_Frank2004">Barlow, Frank (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8516">”Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor) (1003x5–1066)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F8516">10.1093/ref:odnb/8516</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8516">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8516</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 maj 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Edward+%28St+Edward%3B+known+as+Edward+the+Confessor%29+%281003x5%E2%80%931066%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8516&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F8516&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBarlow,_Frank1979">Barlow, Frank (1979). <i><span>The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church</span></i>. New York: Longman. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-582-50236-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-582-50236-5">ISBN 0-582-50236-5</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Church+1066%E2%80%931154%3A+A+History+of+the+Anglo-Norman+Church&rft.aulast=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.date=1979&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.isbn=0-582-50236-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBarlow,_Frank2004">Barlow, Frank (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29449">”William II (c.1060–1100)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F29449">10.1093/ref:odnb/29449</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29449">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29449</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 juni 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=William+II+%28c.1060%E2%80%931100%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F29449&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F29449&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBates,_David2001">Bates, David (2001). <i><span>William the Conqueror</span></i>. Stroud, UK: Tempus. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-7524-1980-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-7524-1980-3">ISBN 0-7524-1980-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+the+Conqueror&rft.aulast=Bates%2C+David&rft.au=Bates%2C+David&rft.date=2001&rft.place=Stroud%2C+UK&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.isbn=0-7524-1980-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBates,_David2004">Bates, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29448?docPos%3D2">”William I (known as William the Conqueror)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F29448">10.1093/ref:odnb/29448</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29448?docPos%3D2">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29448?docPos=2</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 mars 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=William+I+%28known+as+William+the+Conqueror%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Bates%2C+David&rft.au=Bates%2C+David&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F29448&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F29448%3FdocPos%3D2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFCanal_Sánchez-Pagín,_José_María1991">Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1991). ”Jimena Muñoz, Amiga de Alfonso VI” (på spanish). <i>Anuario de Estudios Medievales</i> 21: sid. 11–40.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jimena+Mu%C3%B1oz%2C+Amiga+de+Alfonso+VI&rft.jtitle=Anuario+de+Estudios+Medievales&rft.aulast=Canal+S%C3%A1nchez-Pag%C3%ADn%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft.au=Canal+S%C3%A1nchez-Pag%C3%ADn%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft.date=1991&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B11%E2%80%9340&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCarpenter,_David2004">Carpenter, David (2004). <i><span>The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284</span></i>. New York: Penguin. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-14-014824-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-14-014824-8">ISBN 0-14-014824-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Mastery%3A+The+Penguin+History+of+Britain+1066%E2%80%931284&rft.aulast=Carpenter%2C+David&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+David&rft.date=2004&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.isbn=0-14-014824-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFClanchy,_M._T.2006">Clanchy, M. T. (2006). <i><span>England and its Rulers: 1066–1307</span></i>. Blackwell Classic Histories of England (Third). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-4051-0650-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-4051-0650-6">ISBN 1-4051-0650-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+and+its+Rulers%3A+1066%E2%80%931307&rft.aulast=Clanchy%2C+M.+T.&rft.au=Clanchy%2C+M.+T.&rft.date=2006&rft.series=Blackwell+Classic+Histories+of+England&rft.edition=Third&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.isbn=1-4051-0650-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCollins,_Roger1999">Collins, Roger (1999). <i><span>Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000</span></i> (Second). New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-312-21886-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-312-21886-9">ISBN 0-312-21886-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Europe%3A+300%E2%80%931000&rft.aulast=Collins%2C+Roger&rft.au=Collins%2C+Roger&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=Second&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.isbn=0-312-21886-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCrouch,_David2005">Crouch, David (2005). <i><span>The Birth of Nobility : Constructing Aristocracy in England and France, 900–1300</span></i>. New York: Longman. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-582-36981-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-582-36981-9">ISBN 0-582-36981-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Nobility+%3A+Constructing+Aristocracy+in+England+and+France%2C+900%E2%80%931300&rft.aulast=Crouch%2C+David&rft.au=Crouch%2C+David&rft.date=2005&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.isbn=0-582-36981-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFDouglas1964">Douglas, David C. (1964). <i><span>William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England</span></i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://worldcat.org/oclc/399137">399137</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+the+Conqueror%3A+The+Norman+Impact+Upon+England&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.au=Douglas%2C+David+C.&rft.date=1964&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=info:oclcnum/399137&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFFryde,_E._B.Greenway,_D._E.;_Porter,_S.;_Roy,_I.1996">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <i><span>Handbook of British Chronology</span></i> (Third revised). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-521-56350-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-521-56350-X">ISBN 0-521-56350-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&rft.aulast=Fryde%2C+E.+B.&rft.au=Fryde%2C+E.+B.&rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.%3B+Porter%2C+S.%3B+Roy%2C+I.&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=Third+revised&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-56350-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGiven-Wilson,_ChrisCurteis,_Alice1995">Given-Wilson, Chris; Curteis, Alice (1995). <i><span>The Royal Bastards of Medieval England</span></i>. New York: Barnes & Noble. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-56619-962-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-56619-962-X">ISBN 1-56619-962-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Bastards+of+Medieval+England&rft.aulast=Given-Wilson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Given-Wilson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Curteis%2C+Alice&rft.date=1995&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.isbn=1-56619-962-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHuscroft,_Richard2009">Huscroft, Richard (2009). <i><span>The Norman Conquest: A New Introduction</span></i>. New York: Longman. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-4058-1155-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-4058-1155-2">ISBN 1-4058-1155-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norman+Conquest%3A+A+New+Introduction&rft.aulast=Huscroft%2C+Richard&rft.au=Huscroft%2C+Richard&rft.date=2009&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.isbn=1-4058-1155-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHuscroft,_Richard2005">Huscroft, Richard (2005). <i><span>Ruling England 1042–1217</span></i>. London: Pearson/Longman. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-582-84882-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-582-84882-2">ISBN 0-582-84882-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruling+England+1042%E2%80%931217&rft.aulast=Huscroft%2C+Richard&rft.au=Huscroft%2C+Richard&rft.date=2005&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pearson%2FLongman&rft.isbn=0-582-84882-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLawson,_M._K.2002">Lawson, M. K. (2002). <i><span>The Battle of Hastings: 1066</span></i>. Stroud, UK: Tempus. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-7524-1998-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-7524-1998-6">ISBN 0-7524-1998-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Hastings%3A+1066&rft.aulast=Lawson%2C+M.+K.&rft.au=Lawson%2C+M.+K.&rft.date=2002&rft.place=Stroud%2C+UK&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.isbn=0-7524-1998-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLewis,_C._P.2004">Lewis, C. P. (2004). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9661">Breteuil, Roger de , earl of Hereford (fl. 1071–1087)</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F9661">10.1093/ref:odnb/9661</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9661">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9661</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 juni 2012</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breteuil%2C+Roger+de+%2C+earl+of+Hereford+%28fl.+1071%E2%80%931087%29&rft.aulast=Lewis%2C+C.+P.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+C.+P.&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9661&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F9661&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFMarren,_Peter2004">Marren, Peter (2004). <i><span>1066: The Battles of York, Stamford Bridge & Hastings</span></i>. Battleground Britain. Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-85052-953-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-85052-953-0">ISBN 0-85052-953-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1066%3A+The+Battles+of+York%2C+Stamford+Bridge+%26+Hastings&rft.aulast=Marren%2C+Peter&rft.au=Marren%2C+Peter&rft.date=2004&rft.series=Battleground+Britain&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.isbn=0-85052-953-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFMiller,_Sean2001">Miller, Sean (2001). ”Ætheling”. i Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; and Scragg, Donald. <i><span>Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England</span></i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ss. 13–14. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-631-22492-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-631-22492-1">ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C3%86theling&rft.atitle=Blackwell+Encyclopaedia+of+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.aulast=Miller%2C+Sean&rft.au=Miller%2C+Sean&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=ss.%26nbsp%3B13%E2%80%9314&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22492-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFPettifer,_Adrian1995">Pettifer, Adrian (1995). <i><span>English Castles: A Guide by Counties</span></i>. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-85115-782-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-85115-782-3">ISBN 0-85115-782-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Castles%3A+A+Guide+by+Counties&rft.aulast=Pettifer%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Pettifer%2C+Adrian&rft.date=1995&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Boydell&rft.isbn=0-85115-782-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFReilly,_Bernard_F.1988">Reilly, Bernard F. (1988). <i><span>The Kingdom of Leon-Castile Under Alfonso VI</span></i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-691-05515-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-691-05515-2">ISBN 978-0-691-05515-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Leon-Castile+Under+Alfonso+VI&rft.aulast=Reilly%2C+Bernard+F.&rft.au=Reilly%2C+Bernard+F.&rft.date=1988&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05515-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRex,_Peter2005">Rex, Peter (2005). <i><span>Harold II: The Doomed Saxon King</span></i>. Stroud, UK: Tempus. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-7394-7185-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-7394-7185-2">ISBN 978-0-7394-7185-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+II%3A+The+Doomed+Saxon+King&rft.aulast=Rex%2C+Peter&rft.au=Rex%2C+Peter&rft.date=2005&rft.place=Stroud%2C+UK&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.isbn=978-0-7394-7185-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFSalazar_y_Acha,_Jaime_de1992–1993">Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1992–1993). ”Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial” (på spanish). <i>Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía</i> 2: sid. 299–336.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contribuci%C3%B3n+al+estudio+del+reinado+de+Alfonso+VI+de+Castilla%3A+algunas+aclaraciones+sobre+su+pol%C3%ADtica+matrimonial&rft.jtitle=Anales+de+la+Real+Academia+Matritense+de+Her%C3%A1ldica+y+Genealog%C3%ADa&rft.aulast=Salazar+y+Acha%2C+Jaime+de&rft.au=Salazar+y+Acha%2C+Jaime+de&rft.date=1992%E2%80%931993&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B299%E2%80%93336&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSearle,_Eleanor1988">Searle, Eleanor (1988). <i><span>Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840–1066</span></i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-520-06276-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-520-06276-0">ISBN 0-520-06276-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Predatory+Kinship+and+the+Creation+of+Norman+Power%2C+840%E2%80%931066&rft.aulast=Searle%2C+Eleanor&rft.au=Searle%2C+Eleanor&rft.date=1988&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.isbn=0-520-06276-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFThomas,_Hugh2007">Thomas, Hugh (2007). <i><span>The Norman Conquest: England after William the Conqueror</span></i>. Critical Issues in History. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-7425-3840-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-7425-3840-0">ISBN 0-7425-3840-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norman+Conquest%3A+England+after+William+the+Conqueror&rft.aulast=Thomas%2C+Hugh&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Hugh&rft.date=2007&rft.series=Critical+Issues+in+History&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc&rft.isbn=0-7425-3840-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFThompson,_Kathleen2004">Thompson, Kathleen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23715">”Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F23715">10.1093/ref:odnb/23715</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23715">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23715</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 april 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Robert%2C+duke+of+Normandy+%28b.+in+or+after+1050%2C+d.+1134%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Thompson%2C+Kathleen&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Kathleen&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23715&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F23715&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFvan_Houts2004">van Houts, Elisabeth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/164">”Adelida (Adeliza) (d. before 1113)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F164">10.1093/ref:odnb/164</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/164">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/164</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 26 mars 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Adelida+%28Adeliza%29+%28d.+before+1113%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=van+Houts&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.au=van+Houts%2C+Elisabeth&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F164&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F164&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFvan_Houts,_Elisabeth2002">van Houts, Elisabeth (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/craham/revue/tabularia/print.php?dossier%3Ddossier2%26file%3D03vanhouts.xml">”Les femmes dans l'histoire du duché de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)”</a> (på franska). <i>Tabularia "Études"</i> (2): sid. 19–34<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/craham/revue/tabularia/print.php?dossier%3Ddossier2%26file%3D03vanhouts.xml">http://www.unicaen.fr/mrsh/craham/revue/tabularia/print.php?dossier=dossier2&file=03vanhouts.xml</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+femmes+dans+l%27histoire+du+duch%C3%A9+de+Normandie+%28Women+in+the+history+of+ducal+Normandy%29&rft.jtitle=Tabularia+%22%C3%89tudes%22&rft.aulast=van+Houts%2C+Elisabeth&rft.au=van+Houts%2C+Elisabeth&rft.date=2002&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B19%E2%80%9334&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicaen.fr%2Fmrsh%2Fcraham%2Frevue%2Ftabularia%2Fprint.php%3Fdossier%3Ddossier2%26file%3D03vanhouts.xml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWalker,_Ian2000">Walker, Ian (2000). <i><span>Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King</span></i>. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-905778-46-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-905778-46-4">ISBN 0-905778-46-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+the+Last+Anglo-Saxon+King&rft.aulast=Walker%2C+Ian&rft.au=Walker%2C+Ian&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Gloucestershire%2C+UK&rft.pub=Wrens+Park&rft.isbn=0-905778-46-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheNormans/WilliamItheConqueror.aspx">”William the Conqueror”</a>. <i><span>History of the Monarchy</span></i>. The Royal Household. 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheNormans/WilliamItheConqueror.aspx">http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheNormans/WilliamItheConqueror.aspx</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 januari 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=William+the+Conqueror&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Monarchy&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=The+Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FHistoryoftheMonarchy%2FKingsandQueensofEngland%2FTheNormans%2FWilliamItheConqueror.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWilliams,_Ann2003">Williams, Ann (2003). <i><span>Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King</span></i>. London: Hambledon & London. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-85285-382-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-85285-382-4">ISBN 1-85285-382-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%86thelred+the+Unready%3A+The+Ill-Counselled+King&rft.aulast=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.au=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.date=2003&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon+%26+London&rft.isbn=1-85285-382-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWilliams,_Ann2004">Williams, Ann (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10887">”Godwine, earl of Wessex (d. 1053)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F10887">10.1093/ref:odnb/10887</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10887">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10887</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 27 maj 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Godwine%2C+earl+of+Wessex+%28d.+1053%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.au=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F10887&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F10887&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWilliams,_Ann2004">Williams, Ann (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11707">”Ralph, earl (d. 1097x9)”</a>. <i><span>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</span></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fref%253Aodnb%252F11707">10.1093/ref:odnb/11707</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11707">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11707</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 juni 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ralph%2C+earl+%28d.+1097x9%29&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.au=Williams%2C+Ann&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F11707&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F11707&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (<i>Prenumeration eller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oup.com/oxforddnb/info/freeodnb/libraries/">UK public library-medlemskap</a> krävs</i>)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFYoung,_Charles_R.1979">Young, Charles R. (1979). <i><span>The Royal Forests of Medieval England</span></i>. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-8122-7760-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-8122-7760-0">ISBN 0-8122-7760-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Forests+of+Medieval+England&rft.aulast=Young%2C+Charles+R.&rft.au=Young%2C+Charles+R.&rft.date=1979&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.isbn=0-8122-7760-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redigera</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r48798946">.mw-parser-output .ccbox{clear:right;float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:21.5em;border-spacing:0;border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:3px;background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:0 .5em 0 0;font-size:90%;color:black;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .clogo{float:left;margin:.4em .7em .5em .6em}</style> <div class="metadata ccbox"> <span class="clogo"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></span>Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_I_of_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William I of England">Vilhelm Erövraren</a>. </div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_I_of_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William I of England">Bilder & media</a> </div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;">Wikiquote har citat av eller om <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:William_I_of_England" class="extiw" title="q:en:William I of England">Vilhelm Erövraren</a> <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:William_I_of_England" class="extiw" title="q:en:William I of England">Citat</a> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID%3Dmp04833">Porträtt av Vilhelm Erövraren</a> på <a href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style> <p><br></p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DVilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren%26oldid%3D56195108">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Erövraren&oldid=56195108</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://sv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content 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data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willelm_I_Engla_Cyning" title="Willelm I Engla Cyning – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Willelm I Engla Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD" title="ويليام الفاتح – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام الفاتح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_I_d%2527Inglaterra" title="Guillermo I d'Inglaterra – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guillermo I d'Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Vilhelm_(%25C4%25B0ngilt%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599)" title="I Vilhelm (İngiltərə) – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="I Vilhelm (İngiltərə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C_%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_(%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3)" title="بیرینجی ویلیام (اینگیلیس) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی ویلیام (اینگیلیس)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE_(%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1)" title="প্রথম উইলিয়াম (ইংল্যান্ড) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম উইলিয়াম (ইংল্যান্ড)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_1-s%25C3%25A8_(Eng-l%25C3%25A2n)" title="William 1-sè (Eng-lân) – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William 1-sè (Eng-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%25AF%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Вильһельм I Яулап алыусы – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вильһельм I Яулап алыусы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2591%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA" title="Вільгельм Заваёўнік – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільгельм Заваёўнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2591%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA" title="Вільгэльм I Заваёўнік – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вільгэльм I Заваёўнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F" title="Уилям Завоевателя – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Завоевателя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilim_I,_kralj_Engleske" title="Vilim I, kralj Engleske – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vilim I, kralj Engleske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwilherm_II_(dug_Normandi)" title="Gwilherm II (dug Normandi) – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwilherm II (dug Normandi)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillem_I_d%2527Anglaterra" title="Guillem I d'Anglaterra – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillem I d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%25C3%25A9m_I._Dobyvatel" title="Vilém I. Dobyvatel – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vilém I. Dobyvatel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiliam_I,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Wiliam I, brenin Lloegr – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wiliam I, brenin Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Erobreren" title="Vilhelm Erobreren – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vilhelm Erobreren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_I._(England)" title="Wilhelm I. (England) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm I. (England)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallutaja" title="William Vallutaja – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Vallutaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%2591%25CE%2584_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%2591%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Γουλιέλμος Α΄ της Αγγλίας – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουλιέλμος Α΄ της Αγγλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William the Conqueror" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_I_de_Inglaterra" title="Guillermo I de Inglaterra – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillermo I de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelmo_la_1-a_(Anglio)" title="Vilhelmo la 1-a (Anglio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vilhelmo la 1-a (Anglio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilen_I.a_Konkistatzailea" title="Gilen I.a Konkistatzailea – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gilen I.a Konkistatzailea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D9%2585" title="ویلیام یکم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_le_Conqu%25C3%25A9rant" title="Guillaume le Conquérant – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillaume le Conquérant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Oermasterder" title="Willem de Oermasterder – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Willem de Oermasterder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_I_Shasana" title="Liam I Shasana – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liam I Shasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillerme_I_de_Inglaterra" title="Guillerme I de Inglaterra – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guillerme I de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259C%258C%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2597%2584_1%25EC%2584%25B8" title="윌리엄 1세 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258E%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B4_I_%25D5%2586%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B3%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B2" title="Վիլհելմ I Նվաճող – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլհելմ I Նվաճող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25A6_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2589%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम द कॉङ्करर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम द कॉङ्करर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilim_I._Osvaja%25C4%258D" title="Vilim I. Osvajač – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vilim I. Osvajač" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_la_Konquestero" title="William la Konquestero – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William la Konquestero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_sang_Penakluk" title="William sang Penakluk – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William sang Penakluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmo_I_de_Anglaterra" title="Gulielmo I de Anglaterra – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gulielmo I de Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhj%25C3%25A1lmur_1._Englandskonungur" title="Vilhjálmur 1. Englandskonungur – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vilhjálmur 1. Englandskonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_I_d%2527Inghilterra" title="Guglielmo I d'Inghilterra – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guglielmo I d'Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259D_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9%25D7%2595%25D7%259F,_%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%259A_%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="ויליאם הראשון, מלך אנגליה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם הראשון, מלך אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_le_conqu%25C3%25A9rant" title="Guillaume le conquérant – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Guillaume le conquérant" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_I_%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A7%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598" title="უილიამ I დამპყრობელი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ I დამპყრობელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_wa_Uingereza" title="William I wa Uingereza – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William I wa Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I" title="William I – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William I" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_I_(rex_Angliae)" title="Gulielmus I (rex Angliae) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus I (rex Angliae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_I_Iekarot%25C4%2581js" title="Viljams I Iekarotājs – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams I Iekarotājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I._vun_England" title="William I. vun England – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="William I. vun England" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelmas_I_U%25C5%25BEkariautojas" title="Vilhelmas I Užkariautojas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vilhelmas I Užkariautojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_la_concistor" title="William la concistor – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="William la concistor" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_I_d%2527Inghilt%25C3%25A8ra" title="Guglielmo I d'Inghiltèra – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guglielmo I d'Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Vilmos_angol_kir%25C3%25A1ly" title="I. Vilmos angol király – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Vilmos angol király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_I" title="Вилијам I – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам I" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William the Conqueror" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="इंग्लंडचा पहिला विल्यम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंडचा पहिला विल्यम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_I_(%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598)" title="უილიამ I (ინგლისი) – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ I (ინგლისი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2589_%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D9%2583_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7" title="ويليام الاولانى ملك انجلترا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام الاولانى ملك انجلترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_dari_England" title="William I dari England – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William I dari England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_I_de_Anglaterra" title="Guillermo I de Anglaterra – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Guillermo I de Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_I_%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC" title="Английн I Вильгельм – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Английн I Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25B0_%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အောင်နိုင်သူ ဝီလီယံ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အောင်နိုင်သူ ဝီလီယံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Veroveraar" title="Willem de Veroveraar – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Willem de Veroveraar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%25A01%25E4%25B8%2596_(%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589%25E7%258E%258B)" title="ウィリアム1世 (イングランド王) – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム1世 (イングランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_I_av_England" title="Vilhelm I av England – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vilhelm I av England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_I_av_England" title="Vilhelm I av England – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vilhelm I av England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_le_Conqu%25C3%25A9rant" title="Guillaume le Conquérant – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Guillaume le Conquérant" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilh%25C3%25A8m_I%25C3%25A8r_d%2527Anglat%25C3%25A8rra" title="Guilhèm Ièr d'Anglatèrra – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guilhèm Ièr d'Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilgelm_IFotih" title="Vilgelm IFotih – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vilgelm IFotih" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD" title="ولیم فاتح – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم فاتح" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD_%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585" title="فاتح ویلیام – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فاتح ویلیام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiy%25C3%25B4me_ch%2527contch%25C3%25A8rint" title="Djiyôme ch'contchèrint – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Djiyôme ch'contchèrint" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Zdobywca" title="Wilhelm Zdobywca – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilhelm Zdobywca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilherme_I_de_Inglaterra" title="Guilherme I de Inglaterra – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilherme I de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Cuceritorul" title="Wilhelm Cuceritorul – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wilhelm Cuceritorul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Вильгельм I Завоеватель – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильгельм I Завоеватель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="विलियम १ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विलियम १" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugghiermu_lu_Cunquistaturi" title="Gugghiermu lu Cunquistaturi – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gugghiermu lu Cunquistaturi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William the Conqueror" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viliam_I._(Anglicko)" title="Viliam I. (Anglicko) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Viliam I. (Anglicko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljem_Osvajalec" title="Viljem Osvajalec – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viljem Osvajalec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1" title="وێلیامی داگیرکەر – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێلیامی داگیرکەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%259E%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587" title="Вилијам I Освајач – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам I Освајач" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osvaja%25C4%258D" title="William Osvajač – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Osvajač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Valloittaja" title="Vilhelm Valloittaja – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vilhelm Valloittaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_na_Mananakop" title="Guillermo na Mananakop – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guillermo na Mananakop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="இங்கிலாந்தின் முதலாம் வில்லியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இங்கிலாந்தின் முதலாம் வில்லியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Вилһелм I Илбасар – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вилһелм I Илбасар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588_1_%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A4%25E0%25B8%25A9" title="พระเจ้าวิลเลียมที่ 1 แห่งอังกฤษ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าวิลเลียมที่ 1 แห่งอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._William" title="I. William – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. William" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC_I_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Вільгельм I Завойовник – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільгельм I Завойовник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD" title="ولیم فاتح – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم فاتح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_c%25E1%25BB%25A7a_Anh" title="William I của Anh – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William I của Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I" title="William I – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="William I" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Veroveroare" title="Willem de Veroveroare – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Willem de Veroveroare" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_nga_mananakop" title="William nga mananakop – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William nga mananakop" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BE%2581%25E6%259C%258D%25E8%2580%2585%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589" title="征服者威廉 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="征服者威廉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25BE%2581%25E6%259C%258D%25E8%2580%2585%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589" title="征服者威廉 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="征服者威廉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a 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