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Shō Taikyū - Wikipedia
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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%87%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%90%EC%99%95" title="쇼타이큐왕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쇼타이큐왕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB" title="Shō Taikyū – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shō Taikyū" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB" title="Shō Taikyū – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shō Taikyū" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B4ng_T%C3%A1i-gi%C5%AB" title="Siông Tái-giū – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siông Tái-giū" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%B3%B0%E4%B9%85%E7%8E%8B" title="尚泰久王 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="尚泰久王" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%91_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8E" title="Сё Тайкю – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сё Тайкю" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Shō Taikyū<br />尚泰久</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Taise_Ts%C5%ABh%C5%8D_-_Dr._Luke_Roberts_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A weathered oxidized copper cash coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Taise_Ts%C5%ABh%C5%8D_-_Dr._Luke_Roberts_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="154" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Taisei Tsūhō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> cash coin, produced under Shō Taikyū</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a><br />King of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan" title="Chūzan">Chūzan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1454–1460</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kinpuku" title="Shō Kinpuku">Shō Kinpuku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Toku" title="Shō Toku">Shō Toku</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1410</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1460</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Oyō-no-Nushi <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大世主</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan pronunciation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shō Tēchū (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">尚泰久</span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name#Royal_house" title="Okinawan name">Divine name</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nanoshiyomoi (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">那之志與茂伊</span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="First Shō dynasty">First Shō dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Various described as <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kinpuku" title="Shō Kinpuku">Shō Kinpuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Hashi" title="Shō Hashi">Shō Hashi</a>, or the lord of Goeku</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen Buddhism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shō Taikyū</b> (1410–1460) was a king of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="First Shō dynasty">first Shō dynasty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a> of the western <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a>, reigning from 1454 to 1460. Although described in the official histories of Ryukyu and the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Veritable_Records" title="Ming Veritable Records">Ming annals</a> as a relative of the previous rulers, he may have been an unrelated ruler of the castle of <a href="/wiki/Chibana_Castle" title="Chibana Castle">Goeku</a>, taking power amidst a succession crisis between two other lords which resulted in the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a>. He rebuilt the castle during his reign and saw the transformation of Shuri into the political and economic center of Okinawa. A sponsor of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen Buddhism</a>, he invited Japanese monks to settle in the kingdom and authorized the foundation of four Buddhist temples in his kingdom. He commissioned a number of large bronze bells, including the inscribed <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Nations_Bell" title="Bridge of Nations Bell">Bridge of Nations Bell</a> which was displayed at Shuri. The kingdom's first domestic coinage was produced during his reign. </p><p>In 1458, a conflict broke out between <a href="/wiki/Amawari" title="Amawari">Amawari</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ryukyu)" title="Aji (Ryukyu)"><i>aji</i></a> (lord) of <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Castle" title="Katsuren Castle">Katsuren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gosamaru" title="Gosamaru">Gosamaru</a>, the <i>aji</i> of <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku</a>. Given a dramatic legendary narrative in the official histories, the conflict allowed Taikyū to take control of the two <i><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a></i> (castles) and monopolize trade connections with <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>. He died in 1460 with no recorded cause of death. His successor, Shō Toku, was officially recorded as his son, but may have been an unrelated leader (possibly a <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">wakō</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> pirate) who overthrew Taikyū. Toku later died and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_En" title="Shō En">Kanemaru</a>, a close ally of Taikyū. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_enthronement">Family and enthronement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and enthronement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shō Taikyū was born on <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a> in 1410, likely near the castle of <a href="/wiki/Goeku_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Goeku Castle">Goeku</a> in the polity of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan" title="Chūzan">Chūzan</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan_Seikan" title="Chūzan Seikan">Chūzan Seikan</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">中山世鑑</span></span>, <i>Reflections on Chūzan</i>)</span>, a 1650 official history of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a>, describes Taikyū as the son of King <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kinpuku" title="Shō Kinpuku">Shō Kinpuku</a>; however, Kinpuku's birth date is listed in the official histories as 1398, which would imply he fathered Taikyū at the unrealistically young age of eleven or twelve. The <i><a href="/wiki/Ming_Veritable_Records" title="Ming Veritable Records">Ming Veritable Records</a></i> (the contemporary Chinese imperial annals) and the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Chūzan Seikan</i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> instead lists Taikyū as a "royal brother", the younger brother of Kinpuku and the seventh son of <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Hashi" title="Shō Hashi">Shō Hashi</a>, the unifier of the <a href="/wiki/Sanzan_period" title="Sanzan period">three kingdoms</a> of Okinawa and second king of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="First Shō dynasty">First Shō dynasty</a>. Prior to his rise to the kingship of Chūzan, the official histories refer to Taikyū as "Prince Goeku", an anachronistic title which developed in later periods. The 16th-century <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i><a href="/wiki/Omoro_S%C5%8Dshi" title="Omoro Sōshi">Omoro Sōshi</a></i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">おもろさうし</span></span>)</span>, a compilation of Okinawan songs and poems, describes him not as a blood relative of Hashi, but as the son of a ruler of Goeku.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Hashi's death in 1439, a rapid succession of rulers took the throne of Chūzan. These rulers are recorded in the official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom as Hashi's sons and grandsons. Instead of a familial lineage, the dynasty may have been a succession of powerful military leaders. The throne passed through <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Ch%C5%AB" title="Shō Chū">Shō Chū</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1439–1444), <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shitatsu" title="Shō Shitatsu">Shō Shitatsu</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1444–1449), and Shō Kinpuku (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1449–1453). After Kinpuku's death, the histories record a disputed succession between Kinpuku's son Shiro and Hashi's sixth son, Furi, which erupted into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiro%E2%80%93Furi_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiro–Furi Rebellion (page does not exist)">Shiro–Furi Rebellion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E9%AD%AF%E3%83%BB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1" class="extiw" title="jp:志魯・布里の乱">jp</a>]</span> and the burning of <a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri Castle</a>. A major fire at Shuri in 1453 is attested through archaeological evidence, although the specifics of the conflict are unknown. Both Shiro and Furi died in the struggle, and Taikyū took the throne by the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201589–90_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201589–90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historian <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Smits" title="Gregory Smits">Gregory Smits</a> theorizes that Shiro and Furi's forces may have been weakened by their conflict, allowing Taikyū to enter the conflict later and seize the throne from his base in Goeku. Alternatively, he may have been a party in the conflict from its beginning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024232–233_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024232–233-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ascendance is recorded in the <i>Ming Veritable Records</i> in February 1454, where an envoy names him the younger brother of Kinpuku and requests a new royal seal to replace one destroyed in the conflict between Shiro and Furi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024232_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024232-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign">Reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photo of a massive bronze bell on an indoor pedestal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg/220px-Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg/330px-Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Former_Shuri_Castle_Seiden_Bell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Nations_Bell" title="Bridge of Nations Bell">Bridge of Nations Bell</a>, commissioned by Taikyū</figcaption></figure> <p>Taikyū oversaw the reconstruction of Shuri Castle, and it became the dominant political center on Okinawa during his reign. Ryang Seong, a Korean castaway who stayed at Shuri during Taikyū's reign, described the castle as containing three sets of walls, with a three-story tower at the center serving as the administrative center and residency of the king. Ryang reported that Taikyū was attended on by a hundred women and a hundred men. Okinawan envoys to Korea reported that Taikyū was protected by an all-female royal bodyguard, armed with swords, as regular soldiers were not allowed inside the royal residence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits201993_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits201993-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024211_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024211-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He directly oversaw disputes and criminal proceedings in the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taikyū was a consistent sponsor of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen Buddhism</a>, overseeing the construction of four Zen temples; Chūzan shifted away from a reliance on Chinese officials as ministers in favor of Japanese Buddhist priests. Near Shuri, he oversaw the foundation of the Buddhist temple of <a href="/wiki/Tenkai-ji" title="Tenkai-ji">Tenkai-ji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Japanese Zen monk named Keiin won the king's favor, and was given permission to establish the temples of Kogan-ji, Fumon-ji, and Tenryu-ji, the last named for <a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB-ji" title="Tenryū-ji">an influential Zen temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2006381_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2006381-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taikyū commissioned ten large bronze bells during his reign, most of which he donated to the Zen temples. The most of important of these, the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Nations_Bell" title="Bridge of Nations Bell">Bridge of Nations Bell</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Bankoku shinryō no kane</i></span>)</span>, was cast by a Japanese metalworker and placed on display in front of the rebuilt palace. The bell features an inscription by Keiin, praising Taikyū with Buddhist language. It praises his "activation of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Jewels">Three Jewels</a>" and names him the savior of "the masses of the <a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three Worlds</a>", possibly in emulation of the Buddhist conception of the <a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_(Sanskrit_term)" title="Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)"><i>chakravartin</i></a>, a benevolent universal ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keiin's inscription also states that Taikyū gathered together "<a href="/wiki/Wen_and_wu" title="Wen and wu"><i>wen</i> and <i>wu</i></a>" and the "excellence of Korea", indicating influence from Chinese and Korean culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024134_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024134-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_mon" title="Ryukyuan mon">Ryukyuan coins</a>, the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Taisei Tsūhō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span>, were minted under Taikyū's reign. Their inscription and name takes a character from his posthumous name, Oyō-no-Nushi. Made by modifying worn and damaged <a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Chinese cash coins</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a>'s reign, they were poor quality and may have been made to supplement imported cash coinage from China and showcase the legitimacy of Taikyū's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2008108–111_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2008108–111-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amawari-Gosamaru_conflict">Amawari-Gosamaru conflict</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amawari-Gosamaru conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1458, an uprising broke out against his rule. The official histories describe <a href="/wiki/Amawari" title="Amawari">Amawari</a>, the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ryukyu)" title="Aji (Ryukyu)">aji</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> (lord) of <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Castle" title="Katsuren Castle">Katsuren</a>, lying to Taikyū that <a href="/wiki/Gosamaru" title="Gosamaru">Gosamaru</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku</a> had been scheming against his rule. Surrounded, Gosamaru committed suicide in order not to betray Taikyū, while Amawari prepared for a surprise attack on Taikyū to take the throne for himself. <a href="/wiki/Uni-Ufugusuku" title="Uni-Ufugusuku">Uni-Ufugusuku</a>, Taikyū's successor as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">aji</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> of Goeku, was opposed to the plot, and informed Momoto-fumiagari, the wife of Amawari and daughter of Taikyū. Together, they fled to Shuri, where they organized an army and performed divine songs to summon a powerful storm and defeat Amawari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–117_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–117-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This narrative closely follows conventions of tragic folk heroes, and is unlikely to be true. As the official histories portray Okinawa as having been a unified kingdom for several centuries by the time of Taikyū, wars with neighboring polities and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">aji</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> may have been reinterpreted as rebellions in later retellings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taikyū's territory of firm control was likely initially limited to the region around Shuri and <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a>, alongside Goeku in central Okinawa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1458 conflict, he gained control of Nakagusuku and Katsuren and their lucrative trade connections to the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. This trade was redirected to Shuri, making it the primary center of trade with Japan, Korea, and China on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession_and_legacy">Succession and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Succession and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG/220px-Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG/330px-Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG/440px-Mausoleum_of_Sho_Taikyu_and_his_son_Ashito_Kanahashi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mausoleum associated with Shō Taikyū, <a href="/wiki/Nanj%C5%8D" title="Nanjō">Nanjō</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Taikyū died in 1460 with no recorded cause of death; his remains were taken to Goeku and placed in a form of tomb usually reserved for victims of <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>. Many of his close allies went into hiding under the reign of his successor, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Toku" title="Shō Toku">Shō Toku</a>, suggesting that Taikyū may have been killed or overthrown. Toku is recorded in official histories as Taikyū's third or seventh son. Due to the chaotic beginnings of his reign, Smits theorizes that he may have been an unrelated <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">wakō</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> pirate leader who took the throne in order to monopolize Chūzan's trade connections. His rule is described in the official histories as tyrannical, leading to his death (possibly via a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>) and the enthronement of Kanemaru, who took the name <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_En" title="Shō En">Shō En</a> and founded the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="Second Shō dynasty">Second Shō dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–236_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–236-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–118_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–118-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom and the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Omoro Sōshi</i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"></span> depict Taikyū positively, likely due to his connections with Kanemaru. Taikyū reportedly sheltered the refugee peasant Kanemaru and appointed him as the <a href="/wiki/Harbourmaster" title="Harbourmaster">harbourmaster</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a> and the lord of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchima,_Okinawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchima, Okinawa (page does not exist)">Uchima</a>. Smits theorizes that his biography may have been embellished by the official histories, and that Kanemaru may have already been the lord of Uchima and simply allied with Taikyū.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taikyū is given the <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name#Royal_house" title="Okinawan name">divine name</a> Nanoshiyomoi in the 18th century history <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan_Seifu" title="Chūzan Seifu">Chūzan Seifu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkemiya20074_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkemiya20074-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019112–115_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2019">Smits 2019</a>, pp. 112–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201589–90-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201589–90_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNally2015">McNally 2015</a>, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024232–233-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024232–233_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, pp. 232–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024232-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024232_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits201993-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits201993_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2019">Smits 2019</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024211-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024211_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–235_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, pp. 234–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2013261_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2013">Pearson 2013</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNally201588–89_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNally2015">McNally 2015</a>, pp. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2006381-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2006381_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNelson2006">Nelson 2006</a>, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKerr2000100_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKerr2000">Kerr 2000</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024134-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024134_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2008108–111-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2008108–111_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2008">Smits 2008</a>, pp. 108–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–117-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–117_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2019">Smits 2019</a>, pp. 115–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024233–234_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, pp. 233–234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–236-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2024234–236_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2024">Smits 2024</a>, pp. 234–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–118-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115–118_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2019">Smits 2019</a>, pp. 115–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmits2019115-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmits2019115_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmits2019">Smits 2019</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkemiya20074-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkemiya20074_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIkemiya2007">Ikemiya 2007</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIkemiya2007" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ikemiya, Masaharu (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2002217"><bdi lang="ja">琉球国王の神号と『おもろさうし』</bdi></a> [<i>The Divine Names of the Kings of Ryukyu and the </i>Omoro Sōshi<i><span></span></i>]. <i>日本東洋文化論集</i> [<i>Collection of Japanese Oriental Culture Studies</i>] (Thesis) (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Ryukyus" title="University of the Ryukyus">University of the Ryukyus</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%9E%E5%8F%B7%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8E%E3%81%8A%E3%82%82%E3%82%8D%E3%81%95%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%80%8F&rft.inst=University+of+the+Ryukyus&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ikemiya&rft.aufirst=Masaharu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fu-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecords%2F2002217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_H._Kerr" title="George H. Kerr">Kerr, George H.</a> (2000) [1958]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/okinawahistoryof0000kerr"><i>Okinawa: The History of an Island People</i></a>. Rutland: <a href="/wiki/Tuttle_Publishing" title="Tuttle Publishing">Tuttle Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804820875" title="Special:BookSources/9780804820875"><bdi>9780804820875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Okinawa%3A+The+History+of+an+Island+People&rft.place=Rutland&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780804820875&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fokinawahistoryof0000kerr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNally2015" class="citation journal cs1">McNally, Mark T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2012137/files/Vol6p87.pdf">"A King's Legitimacy and a Kingdom's Exceptionality: Ryūkyū's Bankoku Shinryō no Kane of 1458"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Okinawan Studies</i>. <b>6</b>: <span class="nowrap">87–</span>103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Okinawan+Studies&rft.atitle=A+King%27s+Legitimacy+and+a+Kingdom%27s+Exceptionality%3A+Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB%27s+Bankoku+Shinry%C5%8D+no+Kane+of+1458&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=McNally&rft.aufirst=Mark+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fu-ryukyu.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecord%2F2012137%2Ffiles%2FVol6p87.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Thomas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/44/article/200313/pdf">"Japan in the Life of Early Ryukyu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Japanese_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Japanese Studies">The Journal of Japanese Studies</a></i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">367–</span>392. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjjs.2006.0058">10.1353/jjs.2006.0058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Japanese+Studies&rft.atitle=Japan+in+the+Life+of+Early+Ryukyu&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E367-%3C%2Fspan%3E392&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjjs.2006.0058&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F44%2Farticle%2F200313%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Pearson" title="Richard J. Pearson">Pearson, Richard</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqnq6"><i>Ancient Ryukyu: An Archaeological Study of Island Communities</i></a>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%27i_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawai'i Press">University of Hawai'i Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824837129" title="Special:BookSources/9780824837129"><bdi>9780824837129</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqnq6">j.ctt6wqnq6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Ryukyu%3A+An+Archaeological+Study+of+Island+Communities&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt6wqnq6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780824837129&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt6wqnq6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmits2008" class="citation book cs1">Smits, Gregory (2008). "Money in the Kingdom of Ryukyu". In Hirzel, Thomas; Kim, Nanny (eds.). <i>Metals, Monies, and Markets in Early Modern Societies: East Asian and Global Perspectives</i>. Vol. 1. Münster: <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">107–</span>118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783825808228" title="Special:BookSources/9783825808228"><bdi>9783825808228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Money+in+the+Kingdom+of+Ryukyu&rft.btitle=Metals%2C+Monies%2C+and+Markets+in+Early+Modern+Societies%3A+East+Asian+and+Global+Perspectives&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783825808228&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmits2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Smits" title="Gregory Smits">Smits, Gregory</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvsrfmz"><i>Maritime Ryukyu, 1050–1650</i></a>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%27i_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawai'i Press">University of Hawai'i Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvsrfmz">10.2307/j.ctvsrfmz</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824877095" title="Special:BookSources/9780824877095"><bdi>9780824877095</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvsrfmz">j.ctvsrfmz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Ryukyu%2C+1050%E2%80%931650&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvsrfmz%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvsrfmz&rft.isbn=9780824877095&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvsrfmz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmits2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Smits" title="Gregory Smits">Smits, Gregory</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.8441682"><i>Early Ryukyuan History: A New Model</i></a>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%27i_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawai'i Press">University of Hawai'i Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fjj.8441682">10.2307/jj.8441682</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824898205" title="Special:BookSources/9780824898205"><bdi>9780824898205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Ryukyuan+History%3A+A+New+Model&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fjj.8441682&rft.isbn=9780824898205&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.8441682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASh%C5%8D+Taiky%C5%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kinpuku" title="Shō Kinpuku">Shō Kinpuku</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> King of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABzan" title="Chūzan">Chūzan</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a>) </b><br />1454–1460 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Toku" title="Shō Toku">Shō Toku</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Ryukyu" title="Template:Kings of Ryukyu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kings_of_Ryukyu" title="Template talk:Kings of Ryukyu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kings_of_Ryukyu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kings of Ryukyu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ryūkyū_Kingdom&#039;s_King_of_Chūzan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Ryukyu" title="King of Ryukyu">Ryūkyū Kingdom's King of Chūzan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shunten_dynasty" title="Shunten dynasty">Shunten dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shunten" title="Shunten">Shunten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunbajunki" title="Shunbajunki">Shunbajunki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gihon_(king)" title="Gihon (king)">Gihon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eiso_dynasty" title="Eiso dynasty">Eiso dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eiso_(king)" title="Eiso (king)">Eiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisei_(Ryukyu)" title="Taisei (Ryukyu)">Taisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiji_(Ryukyu)" title="Eiji (Ryukyu)">Eiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagusuku" title="Tamagusuku">Tamagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seii_(Ryukyu)" title="Seii (Ryukyu)">Seii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satto_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satto dynasty (page does not exist)">Satto dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satto" title="Satto">Satto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunei" title="Bunei">Bunei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="First Shō dynasty">First Shō dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shish%C5%8D" title="Shishō">Shō Shishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Hashi" title="Shō Hashi">Shō Hashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Ch%C5%AB" title="Shō Chū">Shō Chū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shitatsu" title="Shō Shitatsu">Shō Shitatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kinpuku" title="Shō Kinpuku">Shō Kinpuku</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shō Taikyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Toku" title="Shō Toku">Shō Toku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sh%C5%8D_dynasty" title="Second Shō dynasty">Second Shō dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_En" title="Shō En">Shō En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Sen%27i" title="Shō Sen'i">Shō Sen'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shin" title="Shō Shin">Shō Shin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Sei" title="Shō Sei">Shō Sei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Gen" title="Shō Gen">Shō Gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Ei" title="Shō Ei">Shō Ei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Nei" title="Shō Nei">Shō Nei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_H%C5%8D" title="Shō Hō">Shō Hō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Ken" title="Shō Ken">Shō Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Shitsu" title="Shō Shitsu">Shō Shitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Tei" title="Shō Tei">Shō Tei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Eki" title="Shō Eki">Shō Eki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Kei" title="Shō Kei">Shō Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Boku" title="Shō Boku">Shō Boku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_On" title="Shō On">Shō On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Sei_(r._1803)" title="Shō Sei (r. 1803)">Shō Sei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_K%C5%8D" title="Shō Kō">Shō Kō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Iku" title="Shō Iku">Shō Iku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Tai" title="Shō Tai">Shō Tai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Ryukyu" title="King of Ryukyu">King of Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a></li> 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