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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-arz.svg" width="66" height="11" style="width: 4.125em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="دور فى ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>تدوير</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="تغيير مظهر الصفحة، حجم الخط، العرض واللون" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="المظهر" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">المظهر</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=arz.wikipedia.org&uselang=arz" class=""><span>التبرعات</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=NGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري" class=""><span>افتح حساب</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=NGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دخول</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ادوات شخصيه" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ادوات شخصيه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="قائمة المستخدم" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=arz.wikipedia.org&uselang=arz"><span>التبرعات</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ساهم</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=NGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>افتح حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=NGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دخول</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير"><span>تعلَّم المزيد</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نقاش حوالين التعديلات من عنوان الأيبى دا [n]" accesskey="n"><span>المناقشة مع عنوان الأيبى دا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="المحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">المقدمة</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-معلومات_المجره" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#معلومات_المجره"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>معلومات المجره</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-معلومات_المجره-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مصطلحات_تعريفيه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مصطلحات_تعريفيه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>مصطلحات تعريفيه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مصطلحات_تعريفيه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مصادر" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مصادر"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>مصادر</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مصادر-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="المحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="جدول المحتويات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4481 (مجره)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في 24 لغة" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 لغات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – العربية" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="العربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الشيشانية" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="الشيشانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – التترية" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="التترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4481" title="ل NGC 4481 – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NGC 4481" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1111857#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تعديل الروابط ما بين اللغات" class="wbc-editpage">عدل الوصلات</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="النطاقات"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="اعرض صفحة المحتوى [c]" accesskey="c"><span>صفحه</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="مناقشة صفحة الموضوع (الصفحه مالهاش وجود) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>مناقشه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="غيّر لهجة اللغة" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مصرى</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="مناظر"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)"><span>قرايه</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>تعديل</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=history" title="نسخ قديمه من الصفحه دى [h]" accesskey="h"><span>استعراض التاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="علبة العده" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">علبة العده</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">أدوات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> إجراءات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)"><span>قرايه</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit" title="عدل الكود المصدري لهذه الصفحة [e]" accesskey="e"><span>تعديل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=history"><span>استعراض التاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="ليستة كل الصفح اللى بتوصل هنا [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ايه بيوصل هنا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83/NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)" rel="nofollow" title="اخر التغييرات فى صفح معمول ليها لينك من الصفحه دى [k]" accesskey="k"><span>تعديلات ليها علاقه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=arz" title="ارفع فايلات (upload files) [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ارفع فايل (upload file)</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&oldid=10380937" title="لينك دايم للنسخه دى من الصفحه"><span>لينك دايم</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=info" title="المزيد من المعلومات عن هذه الصفحة"><span>معلومات عن الصفحه</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF&page=NGC_4481_%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29&id=10380937&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="معلومات عن ازاى الاستشهاد بالصفحة"><span>استشهد بالصفحة دى</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNGC_4481_%28%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%29"><span>احصل على مسار مختصر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNGC_4481_%28%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%29"><span>تنزيل رمز الاستجابة السريعة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> اطبع/صدّر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=NGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29"><span>إعمل كتاب</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=NGC_4481_%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>تنزيل PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&printable=yes" title="نسخه تنفع تتطبع للصفحه دى [p]" accesskey="p"><span>نسخه للطبع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> مشاريع تانيه </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NGC_4481" hreflang="en"><span>ويكيميديا كومنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1111857" title="الربط بعنصر مرتبط ف مستودع البيانات [g]" accesskey="g"><span>عنصر ويكيداتا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المظهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">أخف</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="arz" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox vcard infobox-mt-0" style="margin-top:0px;color:#000000;background:#ffffff color:#202122;width:335px;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:3px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-spacing:0px;"> <tbody><tr class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#2E2E2E;"> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Icon_Galaxy.svg/40px-Icon_Galaxy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Icon_Galaxy.svg/60px-Icon_Galaxy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Icon_Galaxy.svg/80px-Icon_Galaxy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:80%; color:#ffffff;">NGC 4481 (مجره) </td> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg/280px-NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg/420px-NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg/560px-NGC4481_-_SDSS_DR14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>  </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px;background-color: #ff0000;color:#AAAAAA;" /> </td></tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">الكوكبه</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">رمز الفهرس</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">المكتشف</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="هاينريش لوى دارى">هاينريش لوى دارى</a>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111857#P61" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية المكتشف أو المخترع (P61) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية المكتشف أو المخترع (P61) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">تاريخ الاكتشاف</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">7 اكتوبر 1866 <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111857#P575" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية زمن الاكتشاف أو الاختراع (P575) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية زمن الاكتشاف أو الاختراع (P575) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">المطلع المستقيم</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">الميل</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">الانزياح الأحمر</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">القدر الظاهرى</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">14.2  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111857#P1215" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية القدر الظاهري (P1215) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية القدر الظاهري (P1215) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">السرعة الشعاعية</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #9e9e9e solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit;color:#000000; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">تعديل</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="طالع توثيق القالب"><img alt="طالع توثيق القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NGC 4481</b> هيا <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مجره">مجره</a> بتتبع <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="دراكو">كوكبة دراكو</a>. و اللى اكتشفها <a href="/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="هاينريش لوى دارى">هاينريش لويس دريست</a> و الاكتشاف كان بتاريخ <a href="/wiki/7_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="7 اكتوبر">7 اكتوبر</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="معلومات_المجره"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.88.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.AC.D8.B1.D9.87"></span>معلومات المجره</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit&section=1" title="تعديل جزء : معلومات المجره"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>الانزياح الأحمر: 0.00785.</li> <li>السرعه الشعاعيه: 2338.</li> <li>المطلع المستقيم: 187.4513542.</li> <li>الميل: 64.0339139.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مصطلحات_تعريفيه"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B5.D8.B7.D9.84.D8.AD.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.AA.D8.B9.D8.B1.D9.8A.D9.81.D9.8A.D9.87"></span>مصطلحات تعريفيه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit&section=2" title="تعديل جزء : مصطلحات تعريفيه"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:95%!important;background:#fafafa;color:#000000;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;padding-right:4px;width:75%"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اقرا أكتر في المقاله المفصله"><img alt="مفصله" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crystal128-kdict.svg/20px-Crystal128-kdict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crystal128-kdict.svg/30px-Crystal128-kdict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crystal128-kdict.svg/40px-Crystal128-kdict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> مقاله مفصله: <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مجره">مجره</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg/220px-Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg/330px-Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg/440px-Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="18000" data-file-height="18000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>الكوكبه هيا مجموعه من <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87" title="نجمه">النجوم</a> اللى بتكون شكل أو صوره و هيا مجال الكره السماويه اللى المجره جزء منها.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="انزياح احمر">الانزياح الاحمر</a> هو زيادة طول الموجه الكهرومغناطيسيه اللى جايه لينا من المجره بسبب سرعه ابتعادها عننا.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ده بيستخدم فى حسابات <a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="فلك">الفلك</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سرعه شعاعيه">السرعه الشعاعيه</a> هيا سرعه الجرم الفضائى فى اتجاه الراصد و بتنقاس <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="انزياح احمر">بالانزياح الاحمر</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>المطلع المستقيم هوا الزاويه المحصوره بين الدايره الساعيه لجرم سماوى و الدايره الساعيه لنقطة الاعتدال الربيعى. المطلع المستقيم ممكن يتقاس بقوس دايره الاستواء السماويه من نقطه الاعتدال الربيعى لحد نقطه تقاطع الدايره الساعيه لجرم سماوى مع دايره الاستواء السماويه.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>الميل هوا المكافئ الفلكى لخط العرض و بيتقس بقيمة الزاويه بين أى جسم سماوى و <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="خط الاستوا السماوى">خط الاستوا السماوى</a>. لو كان النجم شمال <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="خط الاستوا السماوى">خط الاستوا السماوى</a> تكون قيمة بعده بالموجب (+) و لو النجم جنوب <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="خط الاستوا السماوى">خط الاستوا السماوى</a> تكون قيمة بعده بالسالب (-).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مصادر"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B5.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.B1"></span>مصادر</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87)&action=edit&section=3" title="تعديل جزء : مصادر"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246856">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11164276">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{color:#000000;background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{color:#000000;background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{color:#000000;background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{color:#000000;background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{color:#000000;background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;color:#000000;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/">"International Astronomical Union | IAU"</a>. <i>www.iau.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iau.org&rft.atitle=International+Astronomical+Union+%7C+IAU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic%2Fthemes%2Fconstellations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3ANGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025421/http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1219/">Hubble census finds galaxies at redshifts 9 to 12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11164276" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405025421/http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1219/">"Hubble census finds galaxies at redshifts 9 to 12 | ESA/Hubble"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 2018-04-05. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1219/">the original</a> on 2018-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=Hubble+census+finds+galaxies+at+redshifts+9+to+12+%7C+ESA%2FHubble&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fnews%2Fheic1219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3ANGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Cite_web" title="قالب:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|مسار الأرشيف=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" class="mw-redirect" title="مساعدة:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11164276" /><cite id="CITEREFBluemax_Productions" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bluemax Productions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202160824/https://www.relativitycalculator.com/radial_velocity_equation.shtml">"Relativity Physics and Science Calculator - The Radial Velocity Equation"</a>. <i>www.relativitycalculator.com</i> (in American English). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.relativitycalculator.com/radial_velocity_equation.shtml">the original</a> on 2021-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.relativitycalculator.com&rft.atitle=Relativity+Physics+and+Science+Calculator+-+The+Radial+Velocity+Equation&rft.au=Bluemax+Productions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.relativitycalculator.com%2Fradial_velocity_equation.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3ANGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11164276" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn1821" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">John (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1QmAAAAMAAJ&hl=en"><i>A Compendious Treatise on the Use of Globes & Maps: Compiled from the Works of Keith, Ferguson, Adams, Hutton, Bryan, Goldsmith, and Other Eminent Authors ; Being a Plain and Comprehensive Introduction to the Practical Knowledge of Geography and Astronomy</i></a> (in الإنجليزية). Wells, Lilly and Burditt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Compendious+Treatise+on+the+Use+of+Globes+%26+Maps%3A+Compiled+from+the+Works+of+Keith%2C+Ferguson%2C+Adams%2C+Hutton%2C+Bryan%2C+Goldsmith%2C+and+Other+Eminent+Authors+%3B+Being+a+Plain+and+Comprehensive+Introduction+to+the+Practical+Knowledge+of+Geography+and+Astronomy&rft.pub=Wells%2C+Lilly+and+Burditt&rft.date=1821&rft.au=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ1QmAAAAMAAJ%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Farz.wikipedia.org%3ANGC+4481+%28%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="float:left; margin-left:0.1em;margin-right:0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure>فيه فايلات فى تصانيف <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ويكيميديا كومونز">ويكيميديا كومونز</a> عن:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NGC_4481" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NGC 4481">NGC 4481 (مجره)</a></b></i> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اتجابت من "<a dir="ltr" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(مجره)&oldid=10380937">https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC_4481_(مجره)&oldid=10380937</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="خاص:تصانيف">تصانيف</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:CS1_American_English-language_sources_(en-us)" title="تصنيف:CS1 American English-language sources (en-us)">CS1 American English-language sources (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف:خطأ في قوالب ويكي بيانات">خطأ في قوالب ويكي بيانات</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P1215" title="تصنيف:صفحات تستخدم خاصية P1215">صفحات تستخدم خاصية P1215</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف:مجرات">مجرات</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="تصنيف:فضاء">فضاء</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="تصنيف:دراكو">دراكو</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="تصنيف:اجسام 2ماس">اجسام 2ماس</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">تصنيفات مستخبية: <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P18" title="تصنيف:صفحات تستخدم خاصية P18">صفحات تستخدم خاصية P18</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف:صفحات بها بيانات ويكي بيانات">صفحات بها بيانات ويكي بيانات</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="تصنيف:صفحات فيها داتا ويكيداتا">صفحات فيها داتا ويكيداتا</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P61" title="تصنيف:صفحات تستخدم خاصية P61">صفحات تستخدم خاصية P61</a></li><li><a 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cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>24 لغات</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>ضيف موضوع</span> </a> </div> <div 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