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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أنور الفرقدين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنور الفرقدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Κοτσάμπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοτσάμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Beta Ursae Minoris – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beta Ursae Minoris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="بتا خرس کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بتا خرس کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Beta Ursae Minoris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Beta Ursae Minoris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%B9%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="코카브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코카브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="बेटा ध्रुवमत्स्य तारा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेटा ध्रुवमत्स्य तारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_(%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91)" title="כוכב (כוכב) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כוכב (כוכב)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Көкбозат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көкбозат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab_(St%C3%A4r)" title="Kochab (Stär) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kochab (Stär)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocab" title="Kocab – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kocab" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%93%E3%81%90%E3%81%BE%E5%BA%A7%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E6%98%9F" title="こぐま座ベータ星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="こぐま座ベータ星" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Beta Ursae Minoris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Beta Ursae Minoris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Beta Ursae Minoris – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beta Ursae Minoris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Beta Ursae Minoris – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Beta Ursae Minoris" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochab" title="Kochab – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kochab" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Акбүзат – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акбүзат" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Кохаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кохаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D_(%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5)" title="帝 (北極) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="帝 (北極)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E4%BA%8C" title="北極二 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北極二" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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href="/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sky map"><img alt="Sky map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/30px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/40px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=14.845083333333&de=74.155555555556&zoom=3&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IMG_all">14<sup>h</sup> 50<sup>m</sup> 42.3<sup>s</sup>, +74° 09′ 20″</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Star in the constellation Ursa Minor</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <caption style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold">Kochab </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="text-align: center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"><div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"> <div style="width:250px;"> <div style="position:relative; background-color:#FFFFFF; ;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg/250px-Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg/375px-Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg/500px-Ursa_Minor_constellation_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; top: 63.7%; left: 52.1%;"> <div style="position: relative; z-index: 3; line-height: 0; text-align: center; width: 12px; left: -6px; top: -6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92_UMi" title="Β UMi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Red_circle.svg/12px-Red_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Red_circle.svg/18px-Red_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Red_circle.svg/24px-Red_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 4; font-size: 90%; line-height: 111%; width: 6em; top: -1.5em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div>Location of β Ursae Minoris (circled)</div></td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; background-color: #FFFFC0;" colspan="2">Observation data<br /><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> J2000      <a href="/wiki/Equinox_(celestial_coordinates)" title="Equinox (celestial coordinates)">Equinox</a> J2000 </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></span> </th> <td><span class="nowrap">14<sup>h</sup> 50<sup>m</sup> 42.32580<sup>s</sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a> </th> <td>+74° 09′ 19.8142″<sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a> (V)</span> </th> <td>2.08<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Characteristics </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">Spectral type</a> </th> <td>K4 III<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1973_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1973-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left">U−B <a href="/wiki/Color_index" title="Color index">color index</a> </th> <td>+1.78<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left">B−V <a href="/wiki/Color_index" title="Color index">color index</a> </th> <td>+1.47<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Astrometry" title="Astrometry">Astrometry</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Radial_velocity" title="Radial velocity">Radial velocity</a> (R<sub>v</sub>)</b></td><td>+16.96<sup id="cite_ref-Famaey_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Famaey-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km/s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">Proper motion</a> (μ)</b></td><td> <abbr title="Right Ascension">RA:</abbr> −32.61<sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">yr</a> <br /> <abbr title="Declination">Dec.:</abbr> +11.42<sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">yr</a> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_parallax" title="Stellar parallax">Parallax</a> (π)</b></td><td>24.91 ± 0.12 <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Distance_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance (astronomy)">Distance</a></b></td><td>130.9 ± 0.6 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a> <br />(40.1 ± 0.2 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude</a> (M<sub>V</sub>)</b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3000170000000000000♠"></span>−0.83<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.010</span><sup id="cite_ref-Park2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Park2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Details<sup id="cite_ref-Lee-etal-2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-etal-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_mass" title="Stellar mass">Mass</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000130000000000000♠"></span>1.3<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.3</span><sup id="cite_ref-Tarrant_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarrant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><var>M</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001441300000000000♠"></span>44.13<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.22</span><sup id="cite_ref-Baines2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius"><var>R</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Luminosity" title="Luminosity">Luminosity</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002454000000000000♠"></span>454<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>37</span><sup id="cite_ref-Baines2021_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity"><var>L</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a> (log <i>g</i>)</b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000138999999999999♠"></span>1.39<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.06</span> <a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">cgs</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">Temperature</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003400800000000000♠"></span>4,008<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>37</span><sup id="cite_ref-Baines2021_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">Metallicity</a></b> [Fe/H]</td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3000730000000000000♠"></span>−0.27<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.07</span> <a href="/wiki/Decimal_exponent" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal exponent">dex</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">Rotation</a></b></td><td>625 – 6457 <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Projected_rotational_velocity" class="mw-redirect" title="Projected rotational velocity">Rotational velocity</a> (<i>v</i> sin <i>i</i>)</b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000170000000000000♠"></span>1.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.4</span> km/s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Age</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000295000000000000♠"></span>2.95<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>1.03</span> <a href="/wiki/Gigayear" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigayear">Gyr</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">Other designations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 250px;"> Kocab, Kochah, 7 Ursae Minoris, <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al Kaukab al Shamaliyy</i></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bonner_Durchmusterung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonner Durchmusterung">BD</a>+74 595</span>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Fundamental_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Fundamental Catalogue">FK5</a> 550, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">HD</a> 131873, <a href="/wiki/Hipparcos_Catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipparcos Catalogue">HIP</a> 72607, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Revised_catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Revised catalogue">HR</a> 5563, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Astrophysical_Observatory_Star_Catalog" title="Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog">SAO</a> 8102, <a href="/wiki/General_Catalogue_of_Trigonometric_Parallaxes" class="mw-redirect" title="General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes">PLX</a> 3373.00<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Database references</th></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/SIMBAD" title="SIMBAD">SIMBAD</a></b></td><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=bet+UMi">Beta Ursae Minoris</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kochab</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer designation</a> <b>Beta Ursae Minoris</b> (<b>β Ursae Minoris</b>, abbreviated <b>β UMi</b>, <b>Beta UMi</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IAU-CSN_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU-CSN-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the brightest <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> in the bowl of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Dipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Dipper">Little Dipper</a> <a href="/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)" title="Asterism (astronomy)">asterism</a> (which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor" title="Ursa Minor">Ursa Minor</a>), and only slightly fainter than <a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a>, the northern <a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">pole star</a> and brightest star in Ursa Minor. Kochab is 16 degrees from Polaris and has an <a href="/wiki/Apparent_visual_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparent visual magnitude">apparent visual magnitude</a> of 2.08.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distance to this star from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> can be deduced from the <a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">parallax</a> measurements made during the <a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> mission, yielding a value of 130.9 light-years (40.1 parsecs).<sup id="cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amateur_astronomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur astronomer">Amateur astronomers</a> can use Kochab as a precise guide for <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_mount" title="Equatorial mount">equatorial mount</a> alignment: The <a href="/wiki/Celestial_north_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial north pole">celestial north pole</a> is located 38 <a href="/wiki/Arcminutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcminutes">arcminutes</a> away from <a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a>, very close to the line connecting Polaris with Kochab.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_Ursae_Minoris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>β Ursae Minoris</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinised</a> to <i>Beta Ursae Minoris</i>) is the star's <a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer designation</a>. </p><p>It bore the traditional name <i>Kochab</i>, which appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and has an uncertain meaning. It may be from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الكوكب</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-kawkab</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">כוכב</span> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">kōkhāv</i></span>, both of which are broadly used to describe a celestial body and can be translated as 'planet' or 'star'. (The Hebrew term was also applied to the planet <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, especially due to its lack of distinguishing features in comparison to other visible planets.)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is more likely derived from <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Alrucaba</i></span> or <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Rucaba</i></span>, a name applied to <a href="/wiki/Theta_Ursae_Majoris" title="Theta Ursae Majoris">Theta Ursae Majoris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 58">: 58 </span></sup> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> organized a <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Star_Names" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Group on Star Names">Working Group on Star Names</a> (IAU-WGSN)<sup id="cite_ref-IAU-WGSN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAU-WGSN-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The IAU-WGSN's first bulletin, July 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-WGSN-B1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGSN-B1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the IAU-WGSN, which included <i>Kochab</i> for this star. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomy</a>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">北極</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Běi Jí</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Purple_Forbidden_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple Forbidden enclosure">North Pole</a>') refers to an asterism consisting of Beta Ursae Minoris, <a href="/wiki/Gamma_Ursae_Minoris" title="Gamma Ursae Minoris">Gamma Ursae Minoris</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_Ursae_Minoris" title="5 Ursae Minoris">5 Ursae Minoris</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_Ursae_Minoris" title="4 Ursae Minoris">4 Ursae Minoris</a> and <a href="/wiki/%CE%A3_1694" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ 1694">Σ 1694</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen-2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_star_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese star name">Chinese name</a> for Beta Ursae Minoris itself is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">北極二</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Běi Jí èr</i></span> ('the Second Star of North Pole'), representing <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">帝</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dì</i></span> ('emperor').<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceMuseum_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceMuseum-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_Ursae_Minoris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giant star</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">stellar classification</a> of K4 III.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1973_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1973-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kochab has reached a state in its <a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">evolution</a> where the outer envelope has expanded to 44 times the <a href="/wiki/Radius_of_the_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Radius of the Sun">radius of the Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baines2021_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This enlarged atmosphere is radiating 540 times as much light from its <a href="/wiki/Stellar_atmosphere" title="Stellar atmosphere">outer atmosphere</a> as the Sun, but through a surface more than 1,470 times larger than the Sun's surface area, hence at a lower <a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">effective temperature</a> of 4,126 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin (unit)">K</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee-etal-2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-etal-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The Sun's effective temperature is 5,772 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin (unit)">K</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams-2013_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) This relatively low heat gives the star the typical orange-hued glow of a <a href="/wiki/K-type_star" class="mw-redirect" title="K-type star">K-type star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csiro_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csiro-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known for certain if Kochab is on the <a href="/wiki/Red_giant_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Red giant branch">red giant branch</a>, fusing hydrogen into helium in a shell surrounding an inert helium core, or on the <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_branch" title="Horizontal branch">horizontal branch</a> fusing helium into carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaler-2013-12-20-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By modelling this star based upon <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary track">evolutionary tracks</a>, the mass of this star can be estimated as <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000139999999999999♠"></span>1.4<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.2 <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><i>M</i><sub>☉</sub></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee-etal-2014_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-etal-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mass estimate using the <a href="/wiki/Interferometrically" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferometrically">interferometrically</a>-measured radius of this star and its <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_spectroscopy" title="Astronomical spectroscopy">spectroscopically</a>-determined surface gravity yields 2.5 ± 0.9 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarrant_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarrant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The star is known to undergo periodic variations in luminosity over roughly 4.6 days, with the <a href="/wiki/Astroseismology" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroseismology">astroseismic</a> frequencies depending sensitively on the star's mass. From this, a much lower mass estimate of 1.3 ± 0.3 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> is reached.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarrant_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarrant-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_the_pole_star">As the pole star</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_Ursae_Minoris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As the pole star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From around 2500 <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Thuban" title="Thuban">Thuban</a> became less and less aligned with the <a href="/wiki/North_celestial_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="North celestial pole">north celestial pole</a>, Kochab became one "pillar" of the <a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_star" title="Circumpolar star">circumpolar stars</a>, first with <a href="/wiki/Mizar" title="Mizar">Mizar</a>, a star in the middle of the handle of the Big Dipper (Ursa Major), and later with <a href="/wiki/Pherkad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pherkad">Pherkad</a> (in Ursa Minor).<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceToday-2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, around the year 2467 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/True_north" title="True north">true north</a> was best determined by drawing a <a href="/wiki/Plumb_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Plumb line">plumb line</a> between Mizar and Kochab, a fact with which the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptians">Ancient Egyptians</a> were well acquainted, as they aligned the great <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Giza" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid of Giza">Pyramid of Giza</a> with it.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceToday-2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cycle of the succession of <a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">pole stars</a> occurs due to the <a href="/wiki/Precession_of_the_equinoxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Precession of the equinoxes">precession of the equinoxes</a>. Kochab and Mizar were referred to by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian astronomy">Ancient Egyptian astronomers</a> as '<a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a>' lighting the North.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceToday-2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As precession continued, by the year 1100 BCE, Kochab was within roughly 7° of the north celestial pole, with old references over-emphasizing this near pass by referring to Beta Ursae Minoris as "Polaris",<sup id="cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaler-2013-12-20-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relating it to the current pole star, <a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a>, which is slightly brighter and will have a much closer alignment of less than 0.5° by 2100 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaler-2013-12-20-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This change in the identity of the pole stars is a result of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Axial_precession" title="Axial precession">axial precession</a>. After 2000 BCE, Kochab and a new star, its neighbor Pherkad, were closer to the pole and together served as twin pole stars, circling the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> from around 1700 BCE until just after 300 CE. Neither star was as close to the north celestial pole as Polaris is now.<sup id="cite_ref-Benningfield-2015-06-14_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benningfield-2015-06-14-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, they are sometimes referred to as the "Guardians of the Pole".<sup id="cite_ref-Benningfield-2015-06-14_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benningfield-2015-06-14-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120" align="center">Preceded by </th> <th width="160" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">Pole star</a> </th> <th width="120" align="center">Succeeded by </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tau_Herculis" title="Tau Herculis">Tau Herculis</a> </td> <td align="center">c. 1800 BC - 300 CE </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planetary_system">Planetary system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_Ursae_Minoris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Planetary system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estimated to be around 2.95 billion years old, give or take 1 billion years, Kochab was announced to have a planetary companion around 6.1 times as <a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass of Jupiter">massive as Jupiter</a> with an orbit of 522 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee-etal-2014_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-etal-2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <caption>The Kochab planetary system<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider-exoplanet_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider-exoplanet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Companion<br /><small>(in order from star)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semimajor axis</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a>)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td>≥6.1 ± 1.0 <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_mass" title="Jupiter mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>J</sub></a> </td> <td>1.4 ± 0.1 </td> <td>522.3 ± 2.7 </td> <td>0.19 ± 0.02 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_Ursae_Minoris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Leeuwen-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leeuwen_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_Leeuwen2007" class="citation journal cs1">van Leeuwen, F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIMBAD&rft.atitle=bet+UMi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-basic%3FIdent%3Dbet%2BUMi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunitzsch-Smart-2006_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunitzschSmart2006" class="citation book cs1">Kunitzsch, P.; Smart, T. (2006). <i>A Dictionary of Modern Star Names: A short guide to 254 star names and their derivations</i> (2nd, revised ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia+Telescope%2C+Outreach+and+Education&rft.atitle=The+colour+of+stars&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foutreach.atnf.csiro.au%2Feducation%2Fsenior%2Fastrophysics%2Fphotometry_colour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaler-2013-12-20-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaler-2013-12-20_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaler2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Kaler" title="James B. Kaler">Kaler, James B.</a> (20 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/kochab.html">"Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris)"</a>. Astronomy. <i>Stars</i>. University of Illinois. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625004815/http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/kochab.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars&rft.atitle=Kochab+%28Beta+Ursae+Minoris%29&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft.aulast=Kaler&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstars.astro.illinois.edu%2Fsow%2Fkochab.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceToday-2006-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceToday-2006_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Earth/AncientAstronomy.html">"The planet Earth: Ancient astronomy calendars, navigation, predictions"</a>. <i>Space Today, Online</i>. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003021949/http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Earth/AncientAstronomy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space+Today%2C+Online&rft.atitle=The+planet+Earth%3A+Ancient+astronomy+calendars%2C+navigation%2C+predictions&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetoday.org%2FSolSys%2FEarth%2FAncientAstronomy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benningfield-2015-06-14-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benningfield-2015-06-14_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benningfield-2015-06-14_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenningfield2015" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Benningfield, Damond (14 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080408/http://stardate.org/radio/program/2015-06-14"><i>Kochab</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McDonald_Observatory" title="McDonald Observatory">McDonald Observatory</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/StarDate" title="StarDate">StarDate</a></i> (radio program). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stardate.org/radio/program/2015-06-14">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(.mp3)</span> on 2015-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kochab&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft.date=2015-06-14&rft.aulast=Benningfield&rft.aufirst=Damond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstardate.org%2Fradio%2Fprogram%2F2015-06-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider-exoplanet-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider-exoplanet_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schneider, Jean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/beta_umi_b--2272/">"Planet β Umi b"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia" title="Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia">Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312042102/http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/beta_umi_b/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Planet+%CE%B2+Umi+b&rft.btitle=Extrasolar+Planets+Encyclopaedia&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexoplanet.eu%2Fcatalog%2Fbeta_umi_b--2272%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeta+Ursae+Minoris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thuban" title="Thuban">Thuban</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Pole_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Pole Star">Pole Star</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1900_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 BC">1900 BC</a>–<a href="/wiki/500_BC" title="500 BC">500 BC</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constellation_of_Ursa_Minor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constellation_of_Ursa_Minor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursa Minor (constellation)">Constellation of Ursa Minor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Ursa_Minor" title="List of stars in Ursa Minor">List of stars in Ursa Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor_in_Chinese_astronomy" title="Ursa Minor in Chinese astronomy">Ursa Minor in Chinese astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">α (Polaris)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">β (Kochab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Ursae_Minoris" title="Gamma Ursae Minoris">γ (Pherkad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Delta Ursae Minoris">δ (Yildun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Ursae_Minoris" title="Epsilon Ursae Minoris">ε</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Zeta Ursae Minoris">ζ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Eta Ursae Minoris">η</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Ursae_Minoris" title="Theta Ursae Minoris">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Ursae_Minoris" title="Lambda Ursae Minoris">λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi1_Ursae_Minoris" title="Pi1 Ursae Minoris">π<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi2_Ursae_Minoris" title="Pi2 Ursae Minoris">π<sup>2</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Flamsteed_designation" title="Flamsteed designation">Flamsteed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Ursae Minoris">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Ursae_Minoris" title="4 Ursae Minoris">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Ursae_Minoris" title="5 Ursae Minoris">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="6 Ursae Minoris">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Ursae_Minoris" title="8 Ursae Minoris">8 (Baekdu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="9 Ursae Minoris">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Ursae Minoris">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_Ursae_Minoris" title="11 Ursae Minoris">11 (γ<sup>1</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="12 Ursae Minoris">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="14 Ursae Minoris">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="17 Ursae Minoris">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="19 Ursae Minoris">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="20 Ursae Minoris">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="24 Ursae Minoris">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Variable_star_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable star designation">Variable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_Ursae_Minoris" title="R Ursae Minoris">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Ursae_Minoris" title="S Ursae Minoris">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Ursae_Minoris" title="T Ursae Minoris">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="U Ursae Minoris">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="V Ursae Minoris">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_Ursae_Minoris" title="W Ursae Minoris">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_Ursae_Minoris" title="Z Ursae Minoris">Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RR_Ursae_Minoris" title="RR Ursae Minoris">RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU_Ursae_Minoris" title="RU Ursae Minoris">RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RW_Ursae_Minoris" title="RW Ursae Minoris">RW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Ursae_Minoris" title="SS Ursae Minoris">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UY_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="UY Ursae Minoris">UY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_Ursae_Minoris" class="mw-redirect" title="VX Ursae Minoris">VX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Star_Catalogue" title="Bright Star Catalogue">HR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_120084" title="HD 120084">5184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_133002" title="HD 133002">5596</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">HD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_150706" title="HD 150706">150706</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvera_(X-ray_source)" title="Calvera (X-ray source)">Calvera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H1504%2B65" title="H1504+65">H1504+65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_40-365" title="LP 40-365">LP 40-365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_1337%2B705" title="WD 1337+705">WD 1337+705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1506%2B7027" title="WISE 1506+7027">WISE 1506+7027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Exoplanets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Ursae_Minoris_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta Ursae Minoris b">β Ursae Minoris b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Ursae_Minoris_b" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Ursae Minoris b">8 Ursae Minoris b (Halla)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_Ursae_Minoris_b" title="11 Ursae Minoris b">11 Ursae Minoris b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOI-4138_b" title="TOI-4138 b">TOI-4138 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_5034" title="NGC 5034">5034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_5144" title="NGC 5144">5144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_5939" title="NGC 5939">5939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6217" title="NGC 6217">6217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6251" title="NGC 6251">6251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6331" title="NGC 6331">6331</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3C_309.1" title="3C 309.1">3C 309.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Galaxy_clusters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_cluster" title="Galaxy cluster">Galaxy clusters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abell_2256" title="Abell 2256">Abell 2256</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ursa_Minor" title="Category:Ursa Minor">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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