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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Growth and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seafaring_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seafaring_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Seafaring links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seafaring_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_service_and_commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service_and_commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Public service and commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service_and_commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>The arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panoramas_of_Douglas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panoramas_of_Douglas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Panoramas of Douglas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panoramas_of_Douglas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas, Isle of Man</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="دوغلاس (جزيرة مان) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوغلاس (جزيرة مان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Islla_de_Man)" title="Douglas (Islla de Man) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Douglas (Islla de Man)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqlas_(Men_adas%C4%B1)" title="Duqlas (Men adası) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duqlas (Men adası)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86)" title="دوقلاس (جزیره من) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوقلاس (جزیره من)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man_T%C3%B3)" title="Douglas (Man Tó) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Douglas (Man Tó)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD)" title="Дуглас (востраў Мэн) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дуглас (востраў Мэн)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD)" title="Дуглас (востраў Мэн) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дуглас (востраў Мэн)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Дъглас (остров Ман) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дъглас (остров Ман)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Ostrvo_Man)" title="Douglas (Ostrvo Man) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Douglas (Ostrvo Man)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(illa_de_Man)" title="Douglas (illa de Man) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Douglas (illa de Man)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Douglas (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Douglas (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Ostrov_Man)" title="Douglas (Ostrov Man) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Douglas (Ostrov Man)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Ynys_Manaw)" title="Douglas (Ynys Manaw) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Douglas (Ynys Manaw)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Douglas (Isle of Man) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Douglas (Isle of Man)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Douglas (Isle of Man) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Douglas (Isle of Man)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ντάγκλας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντάγκλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Isla_de_Man)" title="Douglas (Isla de Man) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Douglas (Isla de Man)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Mankso)" title="Douglas (Mankso) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Douglas (Mankso)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86)" title="دوگلاس (جزیره من) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوگلاس (جزیره من)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(%C3%AEle_de_Man)" title="Douglas (île de Man) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas (île de Man)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Illa_de_Man" title="Douglas, Illa de Man – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Douglas, Illa de Man" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_(%EB%A7%A8%EC%84%AC)" title="더글러스 (맨섬) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더글러스 (맨섬)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(otok_Man)" title="Douglas (otok Man) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Douglas (otok Man)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Pulau_Man" title="Douglas, Pulau Man – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Douglas, Pulau Man" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD)" title="Дуглас (сакъадах Мэн) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дуглас (сакъадах Мэн)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Isola_di_Man)" title="Douglas (Isola di Man) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Douglas (Isola di Man)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="דאגלס (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="დუგლასი (კუნძული მენი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დუგლასი (კუნძული მენი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B)" title="Дуглас (Мэн аралы) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дуглас (Мэн аралы)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolish" title="Doolish – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Doolish" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daglasa" title="Daglasa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daglasa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daglasas" title="Daglasas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daglasas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Даглас (Ман) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Даглас (Ман)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Motu_o_Man)" title="Douglas (Motu o Man) – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Douglas (Motu o Man)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8" title="डग्लस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डग्लस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="დუგლასი (კოკი მენი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დუგლასი (კოკი მენი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="دوجلاس (بلده فى ميدل) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوجلاس (بلده فى ميدل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D9%86)" title="دوگلاس (من) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دوگلاس (من)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9_(%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E5%B3%B6)" title="ダグラス (マン島) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダグラス (マン島)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Eilun_Man)" title="Douglas (Eilun Man) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Douglas (Eilun Man)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_p%C3%A5_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas på Isle of Man – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Douglas på Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(vila)" title="Douglas (vila) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Douglas (vila)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8,_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਡਗਲਸ, ਮੈਨ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਗਲਸ, ਮੈਨ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Wyspa_Man)" title="Douglas (Wyspa Man) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Douglas (Wyspa Man)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Ilha_de_Man)" title="Douglas (Ilha de Man) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Douglas (Ilha de Man)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Insula_Man" title="Douglas, Insula Man – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Douglas, Insula Man" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD)" title="Дуглас (остров Мэн) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дуглас (остров Мэн)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(%C3%ACsula_de_Man)" title="Douglas (ìsula de Man) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Douglas (ìsula de Man)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_o_Man" title="Douglas, Isle o Man – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Douglas, Isle o Man" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Douglas, Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Man)" title="Douglas (Man) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Douglas (Man)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Otok_Man)" title="Douglas (Otok Man) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Douglas (Otok Man)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Даглас (острво Мен) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даглас (острво Мен)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(otok_Man)" title="Douglas (otok Man) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Douglas (otok Man)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_(Mansaari)" title="Douglas (Mansaari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Douglas (Mansaari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Douglas, Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81,_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="டக்லசு, மாண் தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டக்லசு, மாண் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA" title="ดักลาส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดักลาส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Man_Adas%C4%B1" title="Douglas, Man Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Douglas, Man Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas" title="Douglas – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Douglas" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D3%B5)" title="Дуглас (Мэн шормуӵ) – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дуглас (Мэн шормуӵ)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Дуглас – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дуглас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڈگلس، آئل آف مین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈگلس، آئل آف مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Man" title="Douglas, đảo Man – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Douglas, đảo Man" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Douglas, Isle of Man" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%B2%9B%EF%BC%89" title="道格拉斯（马恩岛） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="道格拉斯（马恩岛）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF_(%E8%90%8C%E5%B3%B6)" title="德格拉斯 (萌島) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&params=54_09_00_N_04_28_39_W_region:IM_type:city(26677)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°09′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">04°28′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.15000°N 4.47750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.15000; -4.47750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of the Isle of Man</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in the United Kingdom</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Douglas<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist ib-uk-place-other-names"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Doolish</i></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Capital city</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_(Isle_of_Man).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg/240px-Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg/360px-Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg/480px-Douglas_%28Isle_of_Man%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span><div>Douglas viewed from Douglas Head</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Douglas,_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg/100px-Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg/150px-Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg/200px-Flag_of_Douglas%2C_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Douglas is located in Isle of Man"><img alt="Douglas is located in Isle of Man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg/240px-Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg/360px-Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg/480px-Isle_of_Man_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.27%;left:57.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Douglas"><img alt="Douglas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Douglas</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">26,677 (<a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Census in the Isle of Man">2021 Census</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=54.145150~-4.483247&lvl=13&sp=Point.54.145150_-4.483247_Douglas&sty=s&style=s">SC379750</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_the_Parish" title="Captain of the Parish">Parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_City_Council" title="Douglas City Council"> City of Douglas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">Sheading</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_(sheading)" title="Middle (sheading)">Middle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crown_dependency" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependency">Crown dependency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ISLE OF MAN</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IM_postcode_area" title="IM postcode area">IM1 / IM2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01624</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Constabulary" title="Isle of Man Constabulary">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ambulance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Ambulance_Service" title="Isle of Man Ambulance Service">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys_constituencies" title="House of Keys constituencies">House of Keys</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_North" title="Douglas North">Douglas North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douglas_East" title="Douglas East">Douglas East</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douglas_South" title="Douglas South">Douglas South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douglas_West_(constituency)" title="Douglas West (constituency)">Douglas West</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://douglas.im/">www.douglas.im/</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of places in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&params=54_09_00_N_04_28_39_W_region:IM_type:city(26677)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°09′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">04°28′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.15000°N 4.47750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.15000; -4.47750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas,_Loch_Promenade,_Isle_of_Man,_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg/220px-Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg/330px-Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg/440px-Douglas%2C_Loch_Promenade%2C_Isle_of_Man%2C_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3532" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Photochrom" title="Photochrom">Photochrom</a> of Loch Promenade during a storm, 1890s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/220px-Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/330px-Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/440px-Loch_Promenade_-_Douglas_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Douglas Promenade, which runs nearly the entire length of beachfront in Douglas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/220px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/330px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg/440px-Douglas_Sea_Terminal_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_20-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Sea terminal in Douglas</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Douglas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Doolish</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">[ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capital city</a> and largest settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is located at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="River Douglas, Isle of Man">River Douglas</a>, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harbour" title="Douglas Harbour">city's harbour</a> and main commercial port. </p><p>Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, to Douglas<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the ancient capital, <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a>. </p><p>The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a> motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is generally agreed upon that the toponyms of English <i>Douglas</i> and <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a> <i>Doolish</i> both come from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a> *<i>duboglassio</i>-, where *<i>dubo</i>- (which survives today in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> as <i>du</i> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> as <i>dubh</i>) meant 'black; deep' and *<i>glassio</i>- (surviving in Welsh <i>glais</i> and Irish <i>glais</i>) meant 'water, river'; thus, it probably meant 'deep river'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the city thus came from a nearby river. It is a common name for place names around the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, related to other toponyms such as Dyfleis, <a href="/wiki/Dulais_Valley" title="Dulais Valley">Dulais</a>, Develish, <a href="/wiki/Dawlish" title="Dawlish">Dawlish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dowlish_Wake" title="Dowlish Wake">Dowlish</a> and, of course, other settlements named <a href="/wiki/Douglas_(disambiguation)#Places" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Douglas (disambiguation)">Douglas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the absence of any <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> data, the origins of the city may be revealed by analysis of the original street and plot pattern. The discovery of a <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> weapon in central Douglas,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the large Ballaquayle <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> treasure hoard<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the outskirts (now in the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Museum" title="Manx Museum">Manx Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, London<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), both in the 1890s, hint at the early importance of the site now occupied by Douglas. Scholars agree that the name of the city derives from Early Celtic 'Duboglassio' meaning 'black river'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas is twice referred to in the monastic <i>Chronicle of the Kings of Man and the Isles</i>: first in 1190, when the monks of <a href="/wiki/Rushen_Abbey" title="Rushen Abbey">St Mary's Abbey at Rushen</a> were transferred there for a four-year stay; then again in 1313, when <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>, King of Scotland, spent the night at the "monastery of Duglas" on his way to seize <a href="/wiki/Castle_Rushen" title="Castle Rushen">Castle Rushen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These may be references to the site of the later Nunnery, a little upstream from the port. </p><p>The first detailed documentation shows that in 1511<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were only thirteen resident households in the settlement clustered north of the harbour; most of the property there was classified as "chambers"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (unoccupied, unheated, single-celled structures) for which rent was paid by non-residents including clergy, officials and landowners from elsewhere on the island. This suggests that the city's nucleus originated as a non-urban port.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speculation links the store buildings with the Irish Sea herring fishery, and the import/export trade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_development">Growth and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Growth and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1681 Thomas Denton described Douglas as "the place of greatest resort" on the Isle of Man, and by 1705 a clear picture of the early town emerges, with hints that its residential, market, and military defence functions were growing in importance<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside the port facility. The town thrived in the next 60 years, as imposing merchants' houses, large warehouses, quays and a pier were built to accommodate the burgeoning "running trade" (<a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a>): one of the stimuli for the town's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other forms of trade also grew, and after the <a href="/wiki/Revestment_Act_1765" class="mw-redirect" title="Revestment Act 1765">Revestment Act 1765</a>, Douglas began to reap the benefits of transatlantic trade, due in part to co-operation at a local level with <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legitimate merchants who rose to prominence over the period included the Murreys, the Moores, and the Bacons.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's later prosperity was facilitated by the low cost of living, and the favourable legal status enjoyed by <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> debtors and <a href="/wiki/Half-pay" title="Half-pay">half-pay</a> officers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial growth and development of the ALR owed much to its natural harbour (now the Inner Harbour), since greatly expanded and improved. Over the 18th century, the town's population rose from about 800 in 1710 to nearly 2,500 in 1784. </p><p>Throughout the 19th century, the town's demographics followed the same trends as the United Kingdom, due to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. The number of holiday visitors grew from the early 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from around 1870 onwards, the town was transformed into a leading holiday resort. But there were increasingly unsanitary conditions, and poor quality housing; again reflecting a trend seen across the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The open <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">middens</a> (domestic waste dumps), and smell from the harbour at low tide all contributed to the town's uncleanliness. Oil and gas lamps first appeared in the late 1820s and 1830s, the first hospital to join the <a href="/wiki/Dispensary" title="Dispensary">Dispensary</a> was built in 1850, and in 1832 the scenic <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Isle_(Conister_Rocks_or_Tower_of_Refuge)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Isle (Conister Rocks or Tower of Refuge)">Tower of Refuge</a> was built in Douglas Bay to offer shelter and provisions for sailors awaiting rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas in the first half of the 19th century often suffered from the destitution of its population and the many epidemics, in particular <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rise of Douglas as the social and economic stronghold was recognised in 1869, when it became the home of the island's parliament, <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, and therefore the capital, an honour previously held by <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a>, a smaller town in the south of the island. Douglas's political landscape also changed significantly in the 19th century, in spite of the conservatism of some townsfolk: in 1844, for example, at a public meeting, the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Town_council" title="Town council">town council</a> was rejected in favour of retaining the system of Town High Bailiffs; when the Town Bill Act was passed at Tynwald in 1852, the people of Douglas again rejected the idea. However, an Act passed later that decade, which did not include opt-out clauses, was accepted, and in 1860, Douglas elected its first town council, which was predominantly <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> in its makeup. The Town Commissioners could tackle the town's problems with greater efficiency, and by 1869 the sewage problem had been largely resolved.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Commissioners also worked to alter the anachronistic architecture of Douglas, built during the era of fishing and trading, and no longer amenable or safe for tourists. The proportion of the total Manx population living in Douglas was also expanding, with 35% living there by 1891. The <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> and later modernisation of the town was achieved at the expense of the original maze-like layout of the oldest streets. These were cleared away in the new street schemes and slum clearances of the 1870s to 1920s. The town's infrastructure was radically altered for tourists' convenience, and in 1878 the Loch Promenade was constructed. In 1870, there were 60,000 visitors annually; by 1884, this had grown to 182,000. In 1887, 310,916 visited for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria%27s_Golden_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee">Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seafaring_links">Seafaring links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seafaring links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/220px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/330px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg/440px-Douglas_lifeboat_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3730" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption>Douglas Lifeboat Station</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest organised ferry services emerged between Douglas and Whitehaven, established by William Nicholson in the 1750s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More formally, Nicholson's Packet Service began in 1765 or 1766, and the Post Office mail contract was secured by 1782. Sailings were irregular and heavily dependent on weather conditions. Steamer services brought a considerable improvement; the first regular link (en route between Greenock and Liverpool) was available from 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formation of what became the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Isle of Man Steam Packet Company</a> in 1830 led to greatly improved services, and also laid the foundations for growth in both cargo and tourist traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution">Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a> (RNLI) has a <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboat</a> station at Douglas. The first lifeboat station in the port was established in 1802. In 1825 it was one of the first lifeboat stations to be provided with a purpose-built lifeboat; this was at the request of Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Hillary" title="William Hillary">William Hillary</a>, the founder of the Institution. It was not operational between 1851 and 1868, and it closed in 1895. The station, established in 1874, operates the <a href="/wiki/Tyne-class_lifeboat" title="Tyne-class lifeboat">Tyne-class lifeboat</a> <i>Sir William Hillary</i>. There are three memorials to Sir William in Douglas: one in St George's Church where he was buried in 1847, one on Loch Promenade, and the other on Douglas Head near where he established the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Refuge" title="Tower of Refuge">Tower of Refuge</a> in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World Wars</a>, Douglas and other parts of the Isle of Man were home to <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">internment camps</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Enemy_alien" title="Enemy alien">enemy aliens</a>". Douglas held seven out of the ten internment camps on the island during World War II, including: <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Internment_Camp" title="Hutchinson Internment Camp">Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropole_Internment_Camp" title="Metropole Internment Camp">Metropole</a>, Central, Palace, Granville and <a href="/wiki/Sefton_Internment_Camp" title="Sefton Internment Camp">Sefton Camp</a>. Sections of the Promenade were cordoned off and many guest houses were used for the purpose. The war dead of the island are commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_War_Memorial" title="Douglas War Memorial">Douglas War Memorial</a>. </p><p>Douglas is now the main home of the island's offshore financial services industry, and also of the main shopping centre. </p><p>The city was the birthplace of the Gibb brothers, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibb" title="Maurice Gibb">Maurice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Gibb" title="Robin Gibb">Robin</a>, both deceased, and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Gibb" title="Barry Gibb">Barry</a>, the members of the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a>. </p><p>Douglas was home to the <a href="/wiki/Summerland,_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Summerland, Isle of Man">Summerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Leisure_centre" title="Leisure centre">leisure centre</a>, which suffered a catastrophic fire in 1973. </p><p>In 2011 Douglas hosted the <a href="/wiki/2011_Commonwealth_Youth_Games" title="2011 Commonwealth Youth Games">Commonwealth Youth Games</a>. </p><p>On 20 May 2022, it was announced that, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Civic_Honours" title="Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours">Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours</a>, Douglas would receive <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> by <a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters Patent (United Kingdom)">Letters Patent</a> sometime later in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letters patent was expected to be effective from 1 November 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there were some reports in November 2022 that it was somehow delayed following the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Queen Elizabeth II">death of Queen Elizabeth II</a>, to a unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-City_delay_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_delay-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A council meeting was said to discuss the issue in February 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was not discussed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a> presented Letters Patent conferring city status on 20 March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Douglas_Isle_of_Man_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Douglas and the southern half of the Isle of Man</figcaption></figure> <p>Douglas is on the east of the island near the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the two rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Dhoo" title="River Dhoo">Dhoo</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Glass,_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="River Glass, Isle of Man">Glass</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/River_Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="River Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>. At Douglas, the river flows through the <a href="/wiki/Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quay">quay</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harbour" title="Douglas Harbour">Douglas Bay</a>. A gently sloping valley runs inland and there are hills around the city. The city is surrounded by several villages, most notably <a href="/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan</a> to the north-east (which forms a <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> with Douglas) and <a href="/wiki/Union_Mills" title="Union Mills">Union Mills</a> to the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The weather reporting station closest to Douglas is the coastal weather station at <a href="/wiki/Ronaldsway" title="Ronaldsway">Ronaldsway</a>, about 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Douglas. The highest temperature recorded in Ronaldsway stands at 28.9 °C (84.0 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded in July 1983. On average, a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) or more is recorded 0.8 days per year<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Ronaldsway (1981–2010) and on average the highest temperature of the year is 24.1 °C (75.4 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On average, 14.5 days of air frost per year were recorded at Ronaldsway<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the period 1981–2010. The lowest temperature recorded in Ronaldsway is −9.1 °C (15.6 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded in December 1961. For the period of 1981–2010, the lowest temperature of the year was −3.4 °C (25.9 °F) on average.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Isle of Man census 2021 lists the population of Douglas as 26,677, a reduction from the 2011 population of 27,938. The 2001 census gave a population of 25,347. The city has 31.73% of the island's total population of 84,069. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas elects eight members of the House of Keys: two each from four constituencies (Central, East, South and North). The House of Keys is the lower house of <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>, the Manx parliament. The local authority responsible for the running of services is the Douglas Corporation; 18 elected councillors sit as members of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_City_Council" title="Douglas City Council">Douglas City Council</a> (formerly, up until 2022, Douglas Borough Council). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas is the hub of the island's bus network, with frequent services to Port Erin, Peel and Ramsey, as well as various local bus services. The city also has the termini of the two main railway lines on the island: the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Railway" title="Isle of Man Railway">steam railway</a> to Port Erin and the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Electric_Railway" title="Manx Electric Railway">electric tramway</a> to Ramsey. It is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Sea_Terminal" title="Isle of Man Sea Terminal">ferry terminal</a>, from where the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Isle of Man Steam Packet Company</a> operates regular services to <a href="/wiki/Heysham" title="Heysham">Heysham</a> and to Liverpool (Birkenhead in winter) and occasional services to Dublin and to Belfast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>'s three main radio stations <a href="/wiki/Manx_Radio" title="Manx Radio">Manx Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_FM_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Energy FM (Isle of Man)">Energy FM</a> and 3FM <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are all based in Douglas. <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local TV coverage is served by <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West_Tonight" title="BBC North West Tonight">BBC North West Tonight</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada_Reports" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV Granada Reports">ITV Granada Reports</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>. </p><p>The town is served by these local newspapers, the <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Examiner" title="Isle of Man Examiner">Isle of Man Examiner</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Courier" title="Isle of Man Courier">Isle of Man Courier</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Manx_Independent" title="Manx Independent">Manx Independent</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>References to education in Douglas begin in the late 17th century, with mention of the schoolmastership, usually combined with the Chaplaincy of Douglas, and reference to a "petty school" in 1675.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Walker (1679–1729) was appointed to the mastership in 1700,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> school being probably kept in the old Chapel, (in later Heywood Place.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Later being <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">preferred</a> as Rector of Ballaugh, and the recipient of an honorary Doctorate, Walker is now remembered in his mother's Manx Gaelic lament on her sons: "Illiam Walker <i>as</i> Robin Tear".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_douglas_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Man_douglas_01.JPG/220px-Man_douglas_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Man_douglas_01.JPG/330px-Man_douglas_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Man_douglas_01.JPG/440px-Man_douglas_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Seafront, Douglas</figcaption></figure> <p>The more formal history of education in the city begins with Bishop Thomas Wilson's establishment of the Douglas Grammar School. Alderman William Dixon (a native of Douglas, but resident in Dublin since at least the 1680s<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) agreed to hand over his parents' former home, and passed over the New Bond Street property in 1714. The Bishop raised an endowment of £500 (Irish currency), half being funded by the Barrow Trustees, most of the balance being provided by the Bishop's Douglas relatives, the Murrey family.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after this, the mastership of Douglas Grammar School continued to be combined with the Chaplaincy, now of the new Chapel of St Matthew. Details of the building of the original Grammar School are sparse, but it seems that William Murrey was deeply involved, retaining the use of the capacious storage vault under the school in lieu of repayment of £150 costs.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another notable Master of the Grammar School was Rev. Philip Moore (1705–1783) who was a native of the city, his father Robert Moore having been one of the "Undertakers" who organised the construction of St Matthews,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his mother Miss Katherine Kelly. Moore was appointed Master in 1735, and was reckoned to be a good classical scholar, and have "an inherent love of teaching".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Douglas has two high schools: <a href="/wiki/Ballakermeen_High_School" title="Ballakermeen High School">Ballakermeen High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_High_School,_Douglas" title="St Ninian's High School, Douglas">St. Ninian's High School</a>, and numerous primary schools. <a href="/wiki/University_College_Isle_of_Man" title="University College Isle of Man">University College Isle of Man</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_International_Business_School" title="Isle of Man International Business School">International Business School</a> are also located in Douglas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg/220px-Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg/330px-Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg/440px-Douglas-IOM-horse-tram2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horse tram</a> passes a pedestrian crossing on Douglas promenade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DouglasIsleofMan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DouglasIsleofMan.jpg/220px-DouglasIsleofMan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DouglasIsleofMan.jpg/330px-DouglasIsleofMan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/DouglasIsleofMan.jpg/440px-DouglasIsleofMan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Douglas during the 1992 TT Races</figcaption></figure> <p>Douglas has a number of attractions and items of interest: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Isle_(Conister_Rocks_or_Tower_of_Refuge)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Isle (Conister Rocks or Tower of Refuge)">Tower of Refuge</a> is a small castle-like shelter built upon Conister Rock in Douglas Bay as a sanctuary for shipwrecked sailors. Construction was instigated by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Hillary" title="William Hillary">William Hillary</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/RNLI" class="mw-redirect" title="RNLI">RNLI</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Head" title="Douglas Head">Douglas Head</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Camera_Obscura" title="Grand Union Camera Obscura">Grand Union Camera Obscura</a> which has recently undergone restoration and is open to the public during the summer months. Other artefacts and remnants of Victorian Tourism can still be found on walks around the area.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Horse_Tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Horse Tram">horse-drawn trams</a> that run along the promenade from the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Marina,_Isle_of_Man" title="Villa Marina, Isle of Man">Villa Marina</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Manx_Electric_Railway" title="Manx Electric Railway">Manx Electric Railway</a> station from spring to early autumn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Man Steam Railway">Steam trains</a> run 15 miles from <a href="/wiki/Douglas_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas railway station">Douglas railway station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Port_Erin" title="Port Erin">Port Erin</a> in the south of the island.</li> <li>The Grandstand on Glencrutchery Road marks the start and finish of the annual <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">TT Races</a> and various other motorsports.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_Isle_of_Man" title="Gaiety Theatre, Isle of Man">Gaiety Theatre</a> and the Villa Marina are popular venues for all manner of stage acts: from rock music to comedy to drama to ballet. The Gaiety Theatre is one of the best surviving examples of the work of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Matcham" title="Frank Matcham">Frank Matcham</a> and dates from 1900. Both venues have recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> undergone extensive renovations.</li> <li>The award-winning <a href="/wiki/Manx_National_Heritage" title="Manx National Heritage">Manx Museum</a> in Kingswood Grove contains many of the most important cultural artefacts relating to the Manx nation. Highlights include the Calf of Man Crucifixion Stone, the Pagan Lady's necklace from the Viking excavations at Peel Castle, and the largest collection of <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Knox_(designer)" title="Archibald Knox (designer)">Archibald Knox</a> materials. It also houses the National Art Collection, and the National Archives.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_clock" title="Jubilee clock">Jubilee clock</a> is a street clock built in 1887 to mark the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Jubilee">Golden Jubilee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria's</a> reign. It is located at the foot of Victoria Street at its junction with Loch Promenade. The location also marked the lower terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Douglas_Cable_Tramway" title="Upper Douglas Cable Tramway">Upper Douglas Cable Tramway</a>.</li> <li>Other buildings of interest include Isola restaurant, in John Street, and the Douglas Hotel, on the North Quay, both merchants' houses from the mid-18th century; the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Mona" title="Castle Mona">Castle Mona</a> (formerly the Quality Hotel), a seaside mansion built by <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_4th_Duke_of_Atholl" title="John Murray, 4th Duke of Atholl">John Murray, 4th Duke of Atholl</a> in 1804, awaiting refurbishment; and the Loch Promenade, a curving terrace of former boarding houses dating from the 1870s.</li></ul> <p>Douglas saw the first architectural essays of the Arts and Crafts architect <a href="/wiki/Baillie_Scott" title="Baillie Scott">Baillie Scott</a>. </p> <ul><li>The breakwater extension was built outside the existing smaller one, which carried a <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_Crane_Railway" title="Breakwater Crane Railway">rail-mounted crane</a>. It was completed in 1983 and opened by <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra</a>.</li> <li>The Sunken Gardens on Loch Promenade were created as a result of the widening of the promenade at the turn of the 20th century. A construction line was installed for this task.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas is the start and finish point for the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_TT" title="Isle of Man TT">Isle of Man TT</a>. The race had been a part of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme" title="Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme">FIM</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship</a> but lost its status when a new British motorcycle Grand Prix was established in 1977. </p><p>The Isle of Man Cricket Club was formed in 1930 and later reformed as the IoM Cricket Association. It was elected a member of the International Cricket Council in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Centre_(Isle_of_Man)" title="National Sports Centre (Isle of Man)">National Sports Centre</a> (NSC), is a large multi-sports centre and <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> stadium located on Pulrose Road. Owned by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_and_Leisure" title="Department of Tourism and Leisure">Department of Tourism and Leisure</a> it is operated by Manx Sport & Recreation. <a href="/wiki/The_Bowl_(Douglas)" title="The Bowl (Douglas)">The King George V Bowl</a>, a multi-use <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> located on Pulrose Road is owned by Douglas Borough Council. </p><p>A free <a href="/wiki/Parkrun" title="Parkrun">Parkrun</a> takes place in Nobles Park, St. Ninian's Road every Saturday.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Douglas is home to eight of the seventeen <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs that compete in the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Football_League" title="Isle of Man Football League">Isle of Man Football League</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Home ground </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corinthians_A.F.C._(Isle_of_Man)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthians A.F.C. (Isle of Man)">Corinthians A.F.C.</a></td> <td>Nobles Park </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_and_District_F.C." title="Douglas and District F.C.">Douglas and District F.C.</a></td> <td>Groves Road, Pulrose </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Royal_F.C." title="Douglas Royal F.C.">Douglas Royal F.C.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Centre_(Isle_of_Man)" title="National Sports Centre (Isle of Man)">National Sports Centre</a>, Groves Road </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_F.C." title="Gymnasium F.C.">Gymnasium F.C.</a></td> <td>Tromode Park, Tromode Road </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Police_A.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Police A.F.C.">Police A.F.C.</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Groves Road, Pulrose <br />(shared) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulrose_United_A.F.C." title="Pulrose United A.F.C.">Pulrose United A.F.C.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Georges_A.F.C." title="St Georges A.F.C.">St Georges A.F.C.</a></td> <td>Glencrutchery Road </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Marys_A.F.C." title="St Marys A.F.C.">St Marys A.F.C.</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bowl_(Douglas)" title="The Bowl (Douglas)">The Bowl</a>, Pulrose Road </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R.U.F.C." title="Douglas R.U.F.C.">Douglas Rugby Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vagabonds_RUFC" title="Vagabonds RUFC">Vagabonds Rugby Club</a> are based in the city. Their 1st teams play in the English competitions and reserve teams play in the Manx Rugby competition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Professor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Forbes" title="Edward Forbes">Edward Forbes</a> FRS, FGS (1815 in Douglas – 1854 in Edinburgh) a Manx naturalist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Lewis_(mathematician)" title="David W. Lewis (mathematician)">David W. Lewis</a>, mathematician known for his contributions to quadratic forms theory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Manley" title="Gordon Manley">Gordon Manley</a> FRGS (1902 in Douglas – 1980) an English <a href="/wiki/Climatologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatologist">climatologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Pantin" title="Dorothy Pantin">Dorothy Pantin</a> (1896 -1985) the first woman doctor and surgeon of the Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Robinson_(physicist)" title="Derek Robinson (physicist)">Derek Charles Robinson</a> FRS (1941 in Douglas – 2002 in Oxford) a physicist who worked in the UK <a href="/wiki/Fusion_power" title="Fusion power">fusion power</a> program</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service_and_commerce">Public service and commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Public service and commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commander <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benjamin_Young" title="Robert Benjamin Young">Robert Benjamin Young</a>, RN (1773 in Douglas – 1846 in Exeter) an officer in the Royal Navy, he observed the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">battle of Trafalgar</a> in 1805 from the deck of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Entreprenante_(1799)" title="HMS Entreprenante (1799)">HMS Entreprenante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Forbes_of_Culloden" title="Arthur Forbes of Culloden">Arthur Forbes, 9th Laird of Culloden</a> DL FRSE (1819 in Douglas - 1879 in Aldershot) a noted Scottish landowner and amateur botanist. He was Deputy Lieutenant of Nairn and Ross</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Brown" title="Thomas Edward Brown">Thomas Edward Brown</a> (1830 in Douglas – 1897) a scholar, teacher, poet and theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Adamson" title="Lawrence Adamson">Lawrence Adamson</a>, CMG, (1860 in Douglas – 1932) a schoolmaster of <a href="/wiki/Wesley_College,_Melbourne" title="Wesley College, Melbourne">Wesley College, Melbourne</a>, Australia.</li> <li>Admiral Sir Thomas <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Binney" title="Hugh Binney">Hugh Binney</a> KCB KCMG DSO (1883 in Douglas – 1953 in Colchester) a senior officer in the Royal Navy and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Governor of Tasmania</a> from 1945 to 1951</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Nowell_Rostron" title="Sidney Nowell Rostron">Sidney Nowell Rostron</a> (1883 in Douglas – 1948) a Church of England priest, theologian, and academic. He was the first Principal of St John's College, Durham, 1909 to 1911</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Kelly" title="Bertram Kelly">Bertram Kelly</a> (1884 in Douglas – 1976) brought electricity to the Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Killip" title="Chris Killip">Chris Killip</a> (born 1946 in Douglas) a Manx photographer who has worked at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> since 1991, where he is a professor of visual and environmental studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Little_(academic)" title="Angela Little (academic)">Angela Little</a> (born 1949 in Douglas) <a href="/wiki/Professor_Emerita" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor Emerita">Professor Emerita</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Education">Institute of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> works in primary education policy and practice in developing countries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gawne" title="Phil Gawne">Phil Gawne</a> BSc (born 1965 in Douglas) a former Member of the House of Keys and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Forestry_(Isle_of_Man)" title="Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Isle of Man)">Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_arts">The arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Clucas_Kinley" title="W. Clucas Kinley">William Clucas Kinley</a> (1866–1920), Manx playwright and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schwarz" title="Otto Schwarz">Otto Schwarz</a> (1876–1961), travelling bandleader from Germany, who was interned in the prisoner of war camp at Douglas in 1914–1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Neesam_Wells_&_Swells_2022_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neesam_Wells_&_Swells_2022-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1924–1025">: 1924–1025 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Korris" title="Harry Korris">Harry Korris</a> (1891–1971) a British comedian and actor, star of the hit BBC radio show <i>Happidrome</i> and starred in the <a href="/wiki/Happidrome_(film)" title="Happidrome (film)">1943 film version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Quirk" title="William Thomas Quirk">William Thomas Quirk</a> (1908-1977), Manx poet, composer, and teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Onley" title="Toni Onley">Toni Onley</a> OC (1928–2004) a Manx painter noted for his landscapes and abstract works, he moved to Canada in 1948 and lived in <a href="/wiki/Brantford,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Brantford, Ontario">Brantford, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kneale" title="Bryan Kneale">Bryan Kneale</a> RA (born 1930) a Manx artist and sculptor, described by BBC News Online as <i>"one of the Isle of Man's best known artists."</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Barry_Gibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Barry Gibb">Sir Barry Gibb</a>, CBE (born 1946) a British singer, songwriter and record producer who is the last living member of The <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibb" title="Maurice Gibb">Maurice Gibb</a>, CBE (1949–2003) a British singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer who achieved fame as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Gibb" title="Robin Gibb">Robin Gibb</a> CBE (1949–2012) a British singer, songwriter and record producer, who gained worldwide fame as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Magee" title="Francis Magee">Francis Magee</a> (born 1959 in Dublin) an Irish-Manx actor, best known for his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/List_of_EastEnders_characters_(1993)#Liam_Tyler" class="mw-redirect" title="List of EastEnders characters (1993)">Liam Tyler</a> in the long-running British soap opera <i><a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a></i> from 1993 to 1995; raised on the Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Blackley" title="Jamie Blackley">Jamie Blackley</a> (born 1991) a British actor, known for his role as Adam Wilde in the film <a href="/wiki/If_I_Stay_(film)" title="If I Stay (film)"><i>If I Stay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Jackson" title="Amy Jackson">Amy Jackson</a> (born 1992) a Manx-born, Liverpool raised actress, who appears in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> movies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Locke" title="Joe Locke">Joe Locke</a> (born 2003) a Manx actor, best known for his portrayal of Charlie Spring in the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Heartstopper_(TV_series)" title="Heartstopper (TV series)">Heartstopper</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Moore_(motorsport_commentator)" title="Dave Moore (motorsport commentator)">Dave Moore</a> (born 1966), Motorsport commentator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kneale" title="Tim Kneale">Tim Kneale</a> (born 1982 in Douglas) a Manx sport shooter who specializes in the double trap</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cavendish" title="Mark Cavendish">Mark Cavendish</a> (born 1985 in Douglas) a Manx professional road racing cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_Cummins" title="Conor Cummins">Conor Cummins</a> (born 1986 in Douglas) a Manx motorcycle road racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Tierney" title="Kieran Tierney">Kieran Tierney</a> (born 1997 in Douglas) a Manx-born, Scottish international footballer. He plays for <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal F.C">Arsenal F.C</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Long_(footballer)" title="Adam Long (footballer)">Adam Long</a> (born 2000 in Douglas) a Manx professional footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panoramas_of_Douglas">Panoramas of Douglas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Panoramas of Douglas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg/800px-IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg/1200px-IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg/1600px-IsleOfManDouglasBay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4300" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>View of the bay showing visible landmarks of the Castle Mona hotel staircase turret (centre) and <a href="/wiki/Onchan_(parish)" title="Onchan (parish)">Onchan Head</a> to left</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Promenade_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Douglas_Promenade_2016.png/800px-Douglas_Promenade_2016.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Douglas_Promenade_2016.png/1200px-Douglas_Promenade_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Douglas_Promenade_2016.png/1600px-Douglas_Promenade_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Douglas promenade with Onchan Head in distance</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Winterbottom, 2012, Governors of the Isle of Man Since 1765, The Manx Heritage Foundation, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBroderick2005" class="citation book cs1">Broderick, George (2005). <i>Placenames of the Isle of Man: Douglas and appendices</i>. Vol. 7. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+Isle+of+Man%3A+Douglas+and+appendices.&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pub=Max+Niemeyer+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Broderick&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P.J. Davey & others, 1999 Bronze Age Metallurgy in the Isle of Man, p. 48, in P.J. Davey (Ed.) Recent Archaeological Research in the Isle of Man. BAR Brit. Ser. 278, Archaeopress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David M. Wilson, 2008, The Vikings in the Isle of Man, Aarhus U.P., p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x40489">"British Museum collection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407012859/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x40489">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fterm%2Fx40489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broderick, G., 2006; A Dictionary of Manx PLace-names. English Place-name Soc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904889-71-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-904889-71-8">0-904889-71-8</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broderick, G. & Stowell, B., (Eds.), 1973; <i>Chronicle of the Kings of Mann & The Isles</i>. Published privately, Edinburgh. pp. 26 & 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theophilus Talbot, 1925, The Manorial Roll of the Isle of Man, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe,_N.G.2001" class="citation book cs1">Crowe, N.G. (2001). <i>Survey of Douglas</i>. Vol. 1. p. xvi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Douglas&rft.pages=xvi&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Crowe%2C+N.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, Mark & others; <i>Continental trade and non-urban ports in mid-Anglo-Saxon England : excavations at Sandtun, West Hythe, Kent</i>. Archaeological Journal, 158 (2001), 161-290. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0066-5983">0066-5983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe,_N.G.2001" class="citation book cs1">Crowe, N.G. (2001). <i>Survey of Douglas</i>. Vol. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Douglas&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Crowe%2C+N.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_A.W.1900" class="citation book cs1">Moore, A.W. (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hist1900/ch32_3.htm"><i>History of the Isle of Man</i></a>. London: T. Fisher Unwin. p. 436. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913105516/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hist1900/ch32_3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=T.+Fisher+Unwin&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Moore%2C+A.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isle-of-man.com%2Fmanxnotebook%2Ffulltext%2Fhist1900%2Fch32_3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DouglasCen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DouglasCen_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_N._KnivetonRobert_E._ForsterRobert_KellyStuart_Slack1996" class="citation book cs1">Gordon N. Kniveton; Robert E. Forster; Robert Kelly; Stuart Slack; Frank Cowin (1996). <i>Douglas Centenary 1896–1996</i>. Manx Experience. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1873120217" title="Special:BookSources/978-1873120217"><bdi>978-1873120217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Centenary+1896%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=Manx+Experience&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1873120217&rft.au=Gordon+N.+Kniveton&rft.au=Robert+E.+Forster&rft.au=Robert+Kelly&rft.au=Stuart+Slack&rft.au=Frank+Cowin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Belchem, J., 2000, 'The Onset of Modernity' in A New History of the Isle of Man, Vol V, Liverpool U.P.; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-726-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-726-3">0-85323-726-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClive_Behagg1991" class="citation book cs1">Clive Behagg (3 October 1991). "5: The Development of the Labour Party 1885–1902". <i>Labour and Reform: Working Class Movements, 1815-1914 (Access to History)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. pp. 99–103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-52930-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-52930-X"><bdi>0-340-52930-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5%3A+The+Development+of+the+Labour+Party+1885%E2%80%931902&rft.btitle=Labour+and+Reform%3A+Working+Class+Movements%2C+1815-1914+%28Access+to+History%29&rft.pages=99-103&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1991-10-03&rft.isbn=0-340-52930-X&rft.au=Clive+Behagg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iomguide.com/towerrefuge.php">"Tower of Refuge"</a>. IOM Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915090444/http://www.iomguide.com/towerrefuge.php">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tower+of+Refuge&rft.pub=IOM+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomguide.com%2Ftowerrefuge.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, B.G.F.,2003, <i>Manx Postal History in the 17th & 18th Century</i> in IOM Postal History Soc. Bulletin No. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quayle, D., 1971, <i>Isle of Man Steamer Services, 1819 - 1831</i>, JMM Vol. VII, No.87, p. 181-187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, A.W., 1904, <i>History of the IOM Steam Packet Co.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rnli.org/findmynearest/station/Pages/Douglas-Lifeboat-Station.aspx">"RNLI - Douglas Lifeboat Station"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224162302/http://rnli.org/findmynearest/station/Pages/Douglas-Lifeboat-Station.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RNLI+-+Douglas+Lifeboat+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frnli.org%2Ffindmynearest%2Fstation%2FPages%2FDouglas-Lifeboat-Station.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61505857">"Platinum Jubilee: Eight new cities created in Queen's honour"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530052143/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61505857">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Platinum+Jubilee%3A+Eight+new+cities+created+in+Queen%27s+honour&rft.date=2022-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-61505857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-number-of-city-status-winners-announced-to-celebrate-platinum-jubilee">"Record number of city status winners announced to celebrate Platinum Jubilee"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521195947/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-number-of-city-status-winners-announced-to-celebrate-platinum-jubilee">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Record+number+of+city+status+winners+announced+to+celebrate+Platinum+Jubilee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Frecord-number-of-city-status-winners-announced-to-celebrate-platinum-jubilee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> It is assumed that <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent_(United_Kingdom)" title="Letters patent (United Kingdom)">letters patent</a> was received on the expected date of 1 November 2022, for it to hold <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/995141/response/2372769/attach/html/6/Douglas%20Letters%20Patent.doc%201.pdf.html">"Douglas Letters Patent.doc 1.pdf"</a>. <i>www.whatdotheyknow.com</i>. 27 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whatdotheyknow.com&rft.atitle=Douglas+Letters+Patent.doc+1.pdf&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatdotheyknow.com%2Frequest%2F995141%2Fresponse%2F2372769%2Fattach%2Fhtml%2F6%2FDouglas%2520Letters%2520Patent.doc%25201.pdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://twitter.com/CrownOffFOIDs/status/1622999486724288516">https://twitter.com/CrownOffFOIDs/status/1622999486724288516</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-City_delay-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-City_delay_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/delay-to-capital-being-named-as-a-city-571487">"Delay to capital being named as a city | iomtoday.co.im"</a>. <i>Isle of Man</i>. 7 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106125857/https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/delay-to-capital-being-named-as-a-city-571487">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man&rft.atitle=Delay+to+capital+being+named+as+a+city+%7C+iomtoday.co.im&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fdelay-to-capital-being-named-as-a-city-571487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.three.fm/news/isle-of-man-news/no-date-set-to-mark-city-status/">"No date set to mark city status"</a>. <i>3FM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3FM&rft.atitle=No+date+set+to+mark+city+status&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.three.fm%2Fnews%2Fisle-of-man-news%2Fno-date-set-to-mark-city-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/meeting-on-douglas-city-status-593179">"Meeting on Douglas city status and the delivery of the letters patent"</a>. <i>Isle of Man</i>. 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Isle+of+Man&rft.atitle=Meeting+on+Douglas+city+status+and+the+delivery+of+the+letters+patent&rft.date=2023-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iomtoday.co.im%2Fnews%2Fmeeting-on-douglas-city-status-593179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douglas.gov.im/index.php/component/docman/doc_download/919-minutes-of-council-meeting-held-8th-february-2023">"Borough of Douglas"</a>. 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Borough+of+Douglas&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.douglas.gov.im%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fdocman%2Fdoc_download%2F919-minutes-of-council-meeting-held-8th-february-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrahde2024" class="citation news cs1">Brahde, Rebecca (20 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c280m1vmepeo">"Crowds gather as Camilla confers city status"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Crowds+gather+as+Camilla+confers+city+status&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Brahde&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc280m1vmepeo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=13&year=1983&indexid=TXx&stationid=1803">"July 1983"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195219/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=13&year=1983&indexid=TXx&stationid=1803">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=July+1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Findicesmapdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D13%26year%3D1983%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D1803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225100504/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=SU&stationid=1803">"25C Days"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=SU&stationid=1803">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25C+Days&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DSU%26stationid%3D1803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225095417/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=1803">"Annual Average Maximum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=1803">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Average+Maximum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DTXx%26stationid%3D1803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcsewtg52">"Average Air Frost"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925215311/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcsewtg52">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Air+Frost&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublic%2Fweather%2Fclimate%2Fgcsewtg52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307203105/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=18&year=1961&indexid=TNn&stationid=1803">"December 1961"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=18&year=1961&indexid=TNn&stationid=1803">the original</a> on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=December+1961&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Findicesmapdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D18%26year%3D1961%26indexid%3DTNn%26stationid%3D1803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225104635/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1803">"Annual Average Minimum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=1803">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Average+Minimum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feca.knmi.nl%2Futils%2Fcalcdetail.php%3Fseasonid%3D0%26periodid%3D1981-2010%26indexid%3DTNn%26stationid%3D1803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.three.fm/">"3FM"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.three.fm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cura.im/tv-and-radio/isle-of-man-radio-stations/">"Isle of Man Radio Stations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Man+Radio+Stations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cura.im%2Ftv-and-radio%2Fisle-of-man-radio-stations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRev._Hinton_Bird1995" class="citation book cs1">Rev. Hinton Bird (2 August 1995). <i>An Island that Led, The History of Manx Education</i>. Vol. I. H. Bird. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0951691809" title="Special:BookSources/978-0951691809"><bdi>978-0951691809</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Island+that+Led%2C+The+History+of+Manx+Education&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=H.+Bird&rft.date=1995-08-02&rft.isbn=978-0951691809&rft.au=Rev.+Hinton+Bird&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.W._Moore1901" class="citation book cs1">A.W. Moore (1901). <i>Manx Worthies</i>. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manx+Worthies&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1901&rft.au=A.W.+Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.G._Crowe2001" class="citation book cs1">N.G. Crowe (2001). <i>Survey of Douglas</i>. Vol. I. p. xiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Douglas&rft.pages=xiii&rft.date=2001&rft.au=N.G.+Crowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.W._Moore1901" class="citation book cs1">A.W. Moore (1901). <i>Manx Worthies</i>. p. 101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manx+Worthies&rft.pages=101&rft.date=1901&rft.au=A.W.+Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.G._Crowe2001" class="citation book cs1">N.G. Crowe (2001). <i>Survey of Douglas</i>. Vol. I. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Douglas&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2001&rft.au=N.G.+Crowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHutchin,_J.Quirk,_G.831" class="citation book cs1">McHutchin, J.; Quirk, G. (831). <i>The Isle of Man Charities</i>. Liverpool. p. 112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isle+of+Man+Charities&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pages=112&rft.date=831&rft.au=McHutchin%2C+J.&rft.au=Quirk%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McHutchin & Quirk, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">St Matthew's Parish Register</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.W.Moore, 1901, 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ISLEOFMAN/GENERAL/ABOUTUS/about.shtml">The Isle of Man Cricket Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021024629/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ISLEOFMAN/GENERAL/ABOUTUS/about.shtml">Archived</a> 21 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> cricketeurope4.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parkrun.org.uk/nobles/title">Parkrun in Nobles Park</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fulltime.thefa.com/Index.do?divisionseason=9739711&league=9057188">Isle of Man Leagues: The Canada Life Premier League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032148/http://fulltime.thefa.com/Index.do?divisionseason=9739711&league=9057188">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a>. Retrieved 2013-03-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fulltime.thefa.com/ProcessPublicSelect.do?psSelectedSeason=1496006&psSelectedDivision=4828390&psSelectedCompetition=0&psSelectedLeague=9057188">Isle of Man Leagues: The Canada Life Premier League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230802014633/https://fulltime.thefa.com/index.html?psSelectedSeason=1496006&psSelectedDivision=4828390&psSelectedCompetition=0&psSelectedLeague=9057188">Archived</a> 2 August 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a>. Retrieved 2013-03-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neesam_Wells_&_Swells_2022-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neesam_Wells_&_Swells_2022_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeesam2022" class="citation book cs1">Neesam, Malcolm G. (2022). <i>Wells & Swells, the golden age of Harrogate Spa, 1842–1923</i> (1 ed.). Lancaster, England: Carnegie Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859362389" title="Special:BookSources/9781859362389"><bdi>9781859362389</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wells+%26+Swells%2C+the+golden+age+of+Harrogate+Spa%2C+1842%E2%80%931923&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+England&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Carnegie+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781859362389&rft.aulast=Neesam&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas%2C+Isle+of+Man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas,_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas, Isle of Man</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031213172748/http://www.douglashorsetramway.net/">The oldest surviving horse drawn tramway operating in Douglas on the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://douglas.im/">Douglas City Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031033703/http://www.braddan.gov.im/upload/map%20of%20local%20districts%20and%20parishes.pdf">Isle of Man Building Control Districts</a> showing parish boundaries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029175727/http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/isleofmancensusreport2006.pdf">Isle of Man Census Report 2006</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of places in the Isle of Man">List of places in the Isle of Man</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man" title="Peel, Isle of Man">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ramsey, Isle of Man">Ramsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Andreas, Isle of Man">Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballabeg" title="Ballabeg">Ballabeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballasalla" title="Ballasalla">Ballasalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaugh" title="Ballaugh">Ballaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballure,_Isle_of_Man" title="Ballure, Isle of Man">Ballure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barregarrow" title="Barregarrow">Barregarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braaid" title="Braaid">Braaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Colby, Isle of Man">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cregneash" title="Cregneash">Cregneash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Crosby, Isle of Man">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Dalby, Isle of Man">Dalby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyhaven" title="Derbyhaven">Derbyhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxdale" title="Foxdale">Foxdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Maye" title="Glen Maye">Glen Maye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Vine" title="Glen Vine">Glen Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxey" title="Laxey">Laxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niarbyl,_Isle_of_Man" title="Niarbyl, Isle of Man">Niarbyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Newtown, Isle of Man">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Soderick" title="Port Soderick">Port Soderick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St_Mary" title="Port St Mary">Port St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Erin" title="Port Erin">Port Erin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronague" title="Ronague">Ronague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s,_Isle_of_Man" title="St John's, Isle of Man">St John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strang,_Isle_of_Man" title="Strang, Isle of Man">Strang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulby,_Isle_of_Man" title="Sulby, Isle of Man">Sulby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromode" title="Tromode">Tromode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Mills" title="Union Mills">Union Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Local government in the Isle of Man">Sheadings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayre" title="Ayre">Ayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garff" title="Garff">Garff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenfaba" title="Glenfaba">Glenfaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael,_Isle_of_Man" title="Michael, Isle of Man">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_(sheading)" title="Middle (sheading)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)" title="Rushen (sheading)">Rushen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of parishes of the Isle of Man">Parishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_(parish)" title="Andreas (parish)">Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbory" title="Arbory">Arbory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaugh_(parish)" title="Ballaugh (parish)">Ballaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braddan" title="Braddan">Braddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_(parish)" title="Bride (parish)">Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_(parish)" title="German (parish)">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurby" title="Jurby">Jurby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezayre" title="Lezayre">Lezayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonan_(parish)" title="Lonan (parish)">Lonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malew" title="Malew">Malew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marown" title="Marown">Marown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maughold_(parish)" title="Maughold (parish)">Maughold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael,_Isle_of_Man" title="Michael, Isle of Man">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchan_(parish)" title="Onchan (parish)">Onchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_(parish)" title="Patrick (parish)">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushen" title="Rushen">Rushen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santon,_Isle_of_Man" title="Santon, Isle of Man">Santon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings, structures, museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Buildings_and_Conservation_Areas_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Registered Buildings and Conservation Areas of the Isle of Man">Registered (historic) Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of castles in the Isle of Man">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_on_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of churches on the Isle of Man">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_on_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of monastic houses on the Isle of Man">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of lighthouses in the Isle of Man">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of museums in the Isle of Man">Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Transport in the Isle of Man">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of roads in the Isle of Man">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Airport" title="Isle of Man Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Sea_Terminal" title="Isle of Man Sea Terminal">Sea Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_Regional" title="Aer Lingus Regional">Aer Lingus Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Islands" title="Blue Islands">Blue Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Railway" title="Isle of Man Railway">Steam Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Electric_Railway" title="Manx Electric Railway">Electric Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Railway" title="Snaefell Mountain Railway">Mountain Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Steam Packet Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_Vannin" title="Bus Vannin">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Bay_Horse_Tramway" title="Douglas Bay Horse Tramway">Horse Tram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heraldry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Flag of the Isle of Man">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Coat of arms of the Isle of Man">Coat of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Education in the Isle of Man">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education,_Sport_and_Culture" title="Department of Education, Sport and Culture">Department of Education, Sport and Culture</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunscoill_Ghaelgagh" title="Bunscoill Ghaelgagh">Bunscoill Ghaelgagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballakermeen_High_School" title="Ballakermeen High School">Ballakermeen High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rushen_High_School" title="Castle Rushen High School">Castle Rushen High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_High_School" title="Queen Elizabeth II High School">Queen Elizabeth II High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Grammar_School" title="Ramsey Grammar School">Ramsey Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_High_School,_Douglas" title="St Ninian's High School, Douglas">St Ninian's High</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_College" title="King William's College">King William's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buchan_School" title="The Buchan School">The Buchan School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further and higher</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Manx_Studies" title="Centre for Manx Studies">Centre for Manx Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Isle_of_Man" title="University College Isle of Man">University College Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_International_Business_School" title="Isle of Man International Business School">Isle of Man International Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template talk:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities of</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British administrative divisions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital of the United Kingdom</b>: <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Valley,_Anguilla" title="The Valley, Anguilla">The Valley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rothera_Research_Station" title="Rothera Research Station">Rothera</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Road_Town" title="Road Town">Road Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Cayman_Islands" title="George Town, Cayman Islands">George Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brades" title="Brades">Brades</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands">Adamstown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/16px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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