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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ActivityPub" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ActivityPub" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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id="toc-Example_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Example data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Project status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Project_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Project status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Project_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accidental_denial-of-service_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidental_denial-of-service_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Accidental denial-of-service attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidental_denial-of-service_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Account_migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Account_migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Account migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Account_migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missing_content_and_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missing_content_and_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Missing content and data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missing_content_and_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Username_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Username_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Username format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Username_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_using_ActivityPub" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_using_ActivityPub"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Software using ActivityPub</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software_using_ActivityPub-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software using ActivityPub subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software_using_ActivityPub-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audio_hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Audio hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio_hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blogging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blogging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Blogging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blogging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_cataloging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_cataloging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Book cataloging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_cataloging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_news" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_news"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Social news</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_news-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other/Multi-format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other/Multi-format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Other/Multi-format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other/Multi-format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Future implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ActivityPub</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اکتیویتی‌پاب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکتیویتی‌پاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A1%ED%8B%B0%EB%B9%84%ED%8B%B0%ED%8E%8D" title="액티비티펍 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="액티비티펍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activitypub" title="Activitypub – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Activitypub" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ActivityPub" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/ActivityPub" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/ActivityPub" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&oldid=1253582219" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=ActivityPub&id=1253582219&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FActivityPub"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FActivityPub"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=ActivityPub&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ActivityPub" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decentralized social networking protocol</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:26em;"><caption class="infobox-title summary">ActivityPub</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ActivityPub-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/ActivityPub-logo.svg/200px-ActivityPub-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/ActivityPub-logo.svg/300px-ActivityPub-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/ActivityPub-logo.svg/400px-ActivityPub-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The image depicts a infographic of the basic functionality of ActivityPub. It shows a person (known as an Actor in ActivityPub terminology) reading incoming messages ("activities") from an inbox, which receives messages from other Actors (depicted as a cloud labeled "REST OF THE WORLD") via federation. The Actor also sends messages to their outbox, which the rest of the world receives via federation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg/300px-ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg/450px-ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg/600px-ActivityPub-tutorial-image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="236" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An infographic of the core functionality of ActivityPub</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">AP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distributed_social_network" title="Distributed social network">Decentralized social networking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Developer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lemmer-Webber" title="Christine Lemmer-Webber">Christine Lemmer-Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evan_Prodromou" title="Evan Prodromou">Evan Prodromou</a>, et al.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">January 23, 2018<span class="noprint">; 6 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018-01-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">ActivityStreams</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activitypub.rocks/">activitypub<wbr />.rocks</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ActivityPub</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standard</a> for <a href="/wiki/Decentralised_system" title="Decentralised system">decentralized</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social networking</a>. It provides a <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client-to-server</a> (shortened to C2S) API for creating and modifying content, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)" title="Federation (information technology)">federated</a> <a href="/wiki/Inter-server" title="Inter-server">server-to-server</a> (S2S) protocol for delivering notifications and content to other servers.<sup id="cite_ref-W3C-recommendation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3C-recommendation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ActivityPub has become the main standard used in the <a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">fediverse</a>, a popular network used for social networking that consists of software such as <a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pixelfed" title="Pixelfed">Pixelfed</a> and <a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ActivityPub is considered to be an update to the ActivityPump protocol used in <a href="/wiki/Pump.io" title="Pump.io">pump.io</a>, and the official W3C repository for ActivityPub is identified as a fork of ActivityPump.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of a new standard for <a href="/wiki/Distributed_social_network" title="Distributed social network">decentralized social networking</a> was prompted by the complexity of <a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a>, the most commonly used protocol at the time. OStatus was built using a multitude of technologies (such as <a href="/wiki/Atom_(web_standard)" title="Atom (web standard)">Atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon_(protocol)" title="Salmon (protocol)">Salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a> and <a href="/wiki/WebFinger" title="WebFinger">WebFinger</a>), a product of the infrastructure used in <a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a> (the originator and largest user of the OStatus protocol), which made it difficult to implement the protocol into new software. OStatus was also only designed to work with <a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">microblogging</a> services, with little flexibility to the types of data that it could hold. </p><p>The standard was first published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</a> as a W3C Recommendation in January 2018 by the Social Web Working Group (SocialWG), a <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working group</a> chartered to build the protocols and vocabularies needed to create a standard for social functionality.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after, further development was moved to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Web_Community_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Web Community Group (page does not exist)">Social Web Community Group</a> (SocialCG), the successor to the SocialWG. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ActivityPub uses the <a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">ActivityStreams</a> 2.0 format for building its content, which itself uses <a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a>. The three main data types used in ActivityPub are Objects, Activities and Actors. Objects are the most common data type, and can be images, videos, or more abstract items such as locations or events. Activities are actions that create and modify objects, for example a <code>Create</code> activity creates an object. Actors are representative of an individual, a group, an application or a service, and are the owners of objects. </p><p>Every actor type contains an inbox and outbox stream, which sends and receives activities for a user. In order to publish data (for example liking an article), a user creates an activity that declares that they liked an Article object and publishes it to their outbox, where it is then delivered by the ActivityPub server via a <a href="/wiki/POST_(HTTP)" title="POST (HTTP)">POST</a> request to the inboxes listed in the activity's <code>to</code>, <code>bto</code>, <code>cc</code> and <code>bcc</code> fields. The receiving servers then accounts for the newly received activity and updates the article by adding the like action to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example_data">Example data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Example data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example actor object that represents a <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user account</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"@context"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">"@language"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"ja"</span><span class="p">}],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Person"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"following"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/following.json"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"followers"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/followers.json"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"liked"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/liked.json"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"inbox"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/inbox.json"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"outbox"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/feed.json"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"preferredUsername"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"kenzoishii"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"石井健蔵"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"summary"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"この方はただの例です"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"icon"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://kenzoishii.example.com/image/165987aklre4"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>An example activity that likes an article object: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"@context"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">"@language"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"en"</span><span class="p">}],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Like"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"actor"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://dustycloud.org/christine/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"summary"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Christine liked 'Minimal ActivityPub update client'"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"object"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/2016/05/minimal-activitypub"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"to"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/#amy"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://dustycloud.org/followers"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/followers/"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"cc"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://e14n.com/evan"</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>An example article object: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-json mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"@context"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nt">"@language"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"en-GB"</span><span class="p">}],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/2016/05/minimal-activitypub"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Article"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Minimal ActivityPub update client"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"content"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Today I finished morph, a client for posting ActivityStreams2..."</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"attributedTo"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/#amy"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"to"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://rhiaro.co.uk/followers/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">"cc"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://e14n.com/evan"</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_status">Project status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Project status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lead author <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lemmer-Webber" title="Christine Lemmer-Webber">Christine Lemmer-Webber</a> notes that the team predominantly identified as <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a>, which led to features that help users and administrators protect against "undesired interaction." She also notes that the team authoring ActivityPub had no corporate participation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SocialCG previously organized a yearly free conference called <i>ActivityPub Conf</i> about the future of ActivityPub.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triages are held regularly to review issues pertaining to the ActivityPub and ActivityStreams 2.0 specifications as part of the SocialCG.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Germany's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Tech_Fund" title="Sovereign Tech Fund">Sovereign Tech Fund</a> donated <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>152,000 to socialweb.coop with the goal of building a new suite for testing various ActivityPub implementations and their compliance with the specification.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fediverse#Adoption" title="Fediverse">Fediverse § Adoption</a></div> <p>The initial wave of adoption for ActivityPub (circa 2016-2018) came from software that was already using OStatus as their federation protocol, such as <a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk" title="Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk">acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk</a> in 2022, many groups of users that were critical of the acquisition migrated to Mastodon, bringing new attention to the ActivityPub protocol with it.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various major social media platforms and corporations have since pledged to implement ActivityPub support, including <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flipboard" title="Flipboard">Flipboard</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a>' <a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accidental_denial-of-service_attacks">Accidental denial-of-service attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Accidental denial-of-service attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poorly <a href="/wiki/Optimisation_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimisation (computer science)">optimized</a> ActivityPub implementations can cause unintentional <a href="/wiki/Distributed-denial-of-service" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed-denial-of-service">distributed-denial-of-service</a> attacks on other websites and servers, due to the decentralized nature of the network.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Add citations from more social networks, not just Mastodon. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An example would be <a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a>'s implementation of <a href="/wiki/OpenGraph" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenGraph">OpenGraph</a> link previews, wherein every instance that receives a post that contains a link with OpenGraph metadata will download the associated data, such as a <a href="/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnail</a>, in a very short timeframe, which can slow down or crash servers as a result of the sudden burst of requests.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Account_migration">Account migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Account migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ActivityPub has been criticized for not natively supporting moving accounts from one server to another, forcing implementations to build their own solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there has been work on building a standardized system for migrating accounts using the Move activity via the Fediverse Enhancement Proposal organization, the current proposal only allows for basic follower migration, with all other data remaining linked to the original account.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missing_content_and_data">Missing content and data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Missing content and data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ActivityPub implementations have been criticized for missing replies and parts of reply threads from remote posts, and presenting outdated statistics (e.g. likes and reposts) about remote posts.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this isn't a problem with the ActivityPub protocol itself, but with implementations not refreshing their content for updated data when needed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Add a citation for this claim; Additionally, in this entire paragrpah, add citations for software other than Mastodon. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Username_format">Username format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Username format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The username format commonly used by ActivityPub software (<a href="/wiki/Acct_URI_scheme" title="Acct URI scheme">acct URIs</a> with the <a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">scheme</a> replaced by an <a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a>, an example being <code>@w3c@w3c.social</code>) has been criticized for being too complex for most users to understand. However, ActivityPub itself supports any <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URI</a> as a username, and it is a limitation of Mastodon and other ActivityPub implementations, not the protocol itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title=" (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_using_ActivityPub">Software using ActivityPub</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Software using ActivityPub"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_hosting">Audio hosting</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Software name </th> <th>Total users<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Initial ActivityPub-compatible release </th></tr> <tr> <td>Castopod </td> <td>? </td> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Funkwhale </td> <td>11,448 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blogging">Blogging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Blogging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Software name </th> <th>Total users<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Initial ActivityPub-compatible release </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Fork of</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)#Akkoma" title="Pleroma (software)">Akkoma</a> </td> <td>18,108 </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Pleroma </td></tr> <tr> <td>Epicyon </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2019<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Firefish (f. Calckey) </td> <td>19,695 </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Misskey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a> <p>(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica) </p> </td> <td>368 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GoToSocial </td> <td>1,919 </td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Honk </td> <td>7 </td> <td>2019<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iceshrimp </td> <td>3,096 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>Firefish </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a> </td> <td>9,630,383 </td> <td>2017<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro.blog" title="Micro.blog">Micro.blog</a> </td> <td>168,418 </td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>microblog.pub </td> <td>66 </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Misskey" title="Misskey">Misskey</a> </td> <td>849,930 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a> Social </td> <td>~50 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a> </td> <td>138,294 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plume<sup id="cite_ref-Plume_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plume-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25,290 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sharkey </td> <td>11,061 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>Misskey </td></tr> <tr> <td>Snac<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>176 </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Socialhome </td> <td>2,325 </td> <td>2016<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Takahē </td> <td>278 </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a> </td> <td>130,000,000 (February 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-BI_DAU_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI_DAU-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wafrn<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>891 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,000+ blogs<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WriteFreely </td> <td>160,761 </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_cataloging">Book cataloging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Book cataloging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Software name </th> <th>Total users<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Initial ActivityPub-compatible release </th></tr> <tr> <td>BookWyrm<sup id="cite_ref-BookWyrm_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BookWyrm-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>27,698 </td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inventaire.io<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>? </td> <td>2021 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_news">Social news</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Social news"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Software name </th> <th>Total users<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Initial ActivityPub-compatible release </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Fork of</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flipboard" title="Flipboard">Flipboard</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>145,000,000 (February 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>kbin<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>66,320 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lemmy_(social_network)" title="Lemmy (social network)">Lemmy</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>392,074 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lotide<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>457 </td> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mbin<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5,490 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>kbin </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other/Multi-format"><span id="Other.2FMulti-format"></span>Other/Multi-format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other/Multi-format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Software name </th> <th scope="col">Total users<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Initial ActivityPub-compatible release </th> <th scope="col">Type </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a><br />(f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>20,069 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blogging" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogging">Blogging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Event_management" title="Event management">event management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_hosting_service" title="Image hosting service">image gallery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gancio<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1,273 </td> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a>, event planner </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Guppe<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>? </td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Groups </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hubzilla<br />(f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>5,748 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Blogging, event planner, <a href="/wiki/File-hosting_service" title="File-hosting service">file hosting</a>, image gallery, <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Libervia" title="Libervia">Libervia</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>? </td> <td>2022 (in beta) </td> <td>Blogging, event management, file sharing, <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Network_bridge" title="Network bridge">bridges</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>- </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Instant messaging </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mobilizon" title="Mobilizon">Mobilizon</a> </th> <td>45,503 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Event management, groups </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Owncast<sup id="cite_ref-Owncast_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owncast-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>240 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">Live streaming</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>351,142 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Video sharing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pixelfed" title="Pixelfed">Pixelfed</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>18,733 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Postmarks<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>29 </td> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_bookmarking" title="Social bookmarking">Social bookmarking</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Streams<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>? </td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Blogging, image sharing, <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Zap<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>22 </td> <td>2019<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Blogging, file hosting, image gallery </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_implementations">Future implementations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Future implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GitLab" title="GitLab">GitLab</a>, a Git <a href="/wiki/Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">forge</a> and development platform<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_(blogging_platform)" title="Ghost (blogging platform)">Ghost</a>, a blogging platform<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Forgejo">Forgejo</a>, a Git forge and development platform<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>, a microblogging platform<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_microblogging_and_similar_services" title="Comparison of microblogging and similar services">Comparison of microblogging and similar services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_software_and_protocols_for_distributed_social_networking" title="Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking">Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">Fediverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.funkwhale.audio&rft.atitle=Funkwhale+Blog+~+Funkwhale+0.17+is+out%21&rft.aulast=Collective&rft.aufirst=Funkwhale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.funkwhale.audio%2Ffunkwhale-017-is-out.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coffee-and-dreams.uk/development/2022/06/24/akkoma.html">"Akkoma: A vision to refocus Pleroma"</a>. <i>Coffee and Dreams</i>. 24 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701181427/https://coffee-and-dreams.uk/development/2022/06/24/akkoma.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Release+0.2.0+%28Alpha+1%29+%C2%B7+Plume-org%2FPlume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FPlume-org%2FPlume%2Freleases%2Ftag%2F0.2.0-alpha-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codeberg.org/grunfink/snac2">"Snac - A simple, minimalistic ActivityPub instance written in portable C"</a>. <i>snac2</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Release+v0.1.1+%C2%B7+lotide-org%2Flotide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Flotide-org%2Flotide%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fv0.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/MbinOrg/mbin"><i>MbinOrg/mbin</i></a>, Mbin, 2024-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MbinOrg%2Fmbin&rft.pub=Mbin&rft.date=2024-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FMbinOrg%2Fmbin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://friendi.ca/2019/01/21/friendica-2019-01-released/">"Friendica 2019.01 released"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gancio&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgancio.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://framagit.org/les/gancio/-/releases/v0.21.0">"v0.21.0 · les / gancio · GitLab"</a>. <i>GitLab</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173604/https://framagit.org/les/gancio/-/releases/v0.21.0">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Decentralized+social+groups+for+ActivityPub&rft.au=immers-space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fimmers-space%2Fguppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/immers-space/guppe/releases/tag/v1.0.0">"Release First major release · immers-space/guppe"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173603/https://github.com/immers-space/guppe/releases/tag/v1.0.0">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Release+First+major+release+%C2%B7+immers-space%2Fguppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fimmers-space%2Fguppe%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fv1.0.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/faq">"Hubzilla - Frequently asked questions"</a>. <i>hubzilla.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725001644/https://hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/faq">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hubzilla.org&rft.atitle=Hubzilla+-+Frequently+asked+questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubzilla.org%2Fpage%2Fhubzilla%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salut-a-toi.org/blog/view/goffi@goffi.org/@/id/libervia-progress-note-2022-w45-MTdL">"Libervia progress note 2022-W45"</a>. <i>salut-a-toi.org</i>. November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=salut-a-toi.org&rft.atitle=Libervia+progress+note+2022-W45&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsalut-a-toi.org%2Fblog%2Fview%2Fgoffi%40goffi.org%2F%40%2Fid%2Flibervia-progress-note-2022-w45-MTdL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kazar.ma/">"Kazarma"</a>. <i>kazar.ma</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183508/https://kazar.ma/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kazar.ma&rft.atitle=Kazarma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkazar.ma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Owncast-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Owncast_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owncast.online/releases/owncast-0.0.11">"Owncast v0.0.11"</a>. March 5, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305194706/https://owncast.online/releases/owncast-0.0.11/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Owncast+v0.0.11&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowncast.online%2Freleases%2Fowncast-0.0.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activitypub.rocks/implementation-report/">"Server-Server - ActivityPub implementation reports"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=github.com&rft.atitle=postmarks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fckolderup%2Fpostmarks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motd.co/2023/09/postmarks-launch/">"Postmarks"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923072259/https://motd.co/2023/09/postmarks-launch/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Postmarks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotd.co%2F2023%2F09%2Fpostmarks-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codeberg.org/streams/streams">"streams"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Codeberg" title="Codeberg">Codeberg.org</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709002251/https://codeberg.org/streams/streams">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Tumblr%27s+%27fediverse%27+integration+is+still+being+worked+on%2C+says+owner+and+Automattic+CEO+Matt+Mullenweg&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Ftumblrs-fediverse-integration-is-still-being-worked-on-says-owner-and-automattic-ceo-matt-mullenweg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez2022" class="citation web cs1">Perez, Sarah (2022-11-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/21/tumblr-to-add-support-for-activitypub-the-social-protocol-powering-mastodon-and-other-apps/">"Tumblr to add support for ActivityPub, the social protocol powering Mastodon and other apps"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Tumblr+to+add+support+for+ActivityPub%2C+the+social+protocol+powering+Mastodon+and+other+apps&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2022%2F11%2F21%2Ftumblr-to-add-support-for-activitypub-the-social-protocol-powering-mastodon-and-other-apps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AActivityPub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub">The published ActivityPub specification</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fediverse_and_decentralized_social_networks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fediverse" title="Template:Fediverse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fediverse" title="Template talk:Fediverse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fediverse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fediverse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fediverse_and_decentralized_social_networks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">Fediverse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_social_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized social network">decentralized social networks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ActivityPub</a> network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a> (via plugins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_social" title="GNU social">GNU social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemmy_(social_network)" title="Lemmy (social network)">Lemmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastodon_(social_network)" title="Mastodon (social network)">Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro.blog" title="Micro.blog">Micro.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misskey" title="Misskey">Misskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilizon" title="Mobilizon">Mobilizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixelfed" title="Pixelfed">Pixelfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleroma_(software)" title="Pleroma (software)">Pleroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> (via plugins)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">diaspora*</a> network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">diaspora*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a> (via plugins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendica" title="Friendica">Friendica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> (via plugins)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostr" title="Nostr">Nostr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMicroBlogging" title="OpenMicroBlogging">OpenMicroBlogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OStatus" title="OStatus">OStatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump.io" title="Pump.io">pump.io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twister_(software)" title="Twister (software)">Twister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:W3C_standards" title="Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:W3C_standards" title="Template talk:W3C standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:W3C_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:W3C standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Wide_Web_Consortium_(W3C)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#W3C_recommendation_(REC)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Recommendations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Streams_(format)" title="Activity Streams (format)">Activity Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAI-ARIA" title="WAI-ARIA">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Flexible_Box_Layout" title="CSS Flexible Box Layout">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_grid_layout" title="CSS grid layout">Grid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_XML_Interchange" title="Efficient XML Interchange">EXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_Markup_Language" title="Emotion Markup Language">EmotionML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linked_Data_Notifications" title="Linked Data Notifications">Linked Data Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathML" title="MathML">MathML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropub_(protocol)" title="Micropub (protocol)">Micropub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">PLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">Schema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subresource_Integrity" title="Subresource Integrity">SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVG_filter_effects" title="SVG filter effects">Filter Effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timed_text" title="Timed text">Timed text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Things" title="Web of Things">WoT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thing_Description" title="Thing Description">TD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmention" title="Webmention">Webmention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSub" title="WebSub">WebSub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebVTT" title="WebVTT">WebVTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format" title="Web Open Font Format">WOFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BRDFa" title="XHTML+RDFa">+RDFa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XML_Base" title="XML Base">Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Encryption" title="XML Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Events" title="XML Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">Information Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_namespace" title="XML namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema_(W3C)" title="XML Schema (W3C)">Schema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">Signature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML-binary_Optimized_Packaging" title="XML-binary Optimized Packaging">XOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XPath_2.0" title="XPath 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath_3" title="XPath 3">3.x</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL" title="XSL">XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects" title="XSL Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XSLT_elements" title="XSLT elements">elements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndieAuth" title="IndieAuth">IndieAuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBL" title="XBL">XBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium#Working_draft_(WD)" title="World Wide Web Consortium">Working drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_Control_eXtensible_Markup_Language" title="Call Control eXtensible Markup Language">CCXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypted_Media_Extensions" title="Encrypted Media Extensions">EME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Source_Extensions" title="Media Source Extensions">MSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Components" title="Web Components">Web Components</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="C-HTML">C-HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_Device_Markup_Language" title="Handheld Device Markup Language">HDML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_Style_Sheets" title="JavaScript Style Sheets">JSSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language">PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language">VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebPlatform.org" title="WebPlatform.org">WebPlatform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsoleted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P3P" title="P3P">P3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML%2BMathML%2BSVG" title="XHTML+MathML+SVG">XHTML+MathML+SVG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Advisory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Advisory Board (page does not exist)">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3C_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3C Board (page does not exist)">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Architecture_Group" title="Technical Architecture Group">TAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Working_Group" title="CSS Working Group">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_Working_Group" title="SVG Working Group">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Authentication_Working_Group" title="Web Authentication Working Group">WebAuthn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community & business groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Improving_Web_Advertising_Business_Group" title="Improving Web Advertising Business Group">Web Advertising BG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a> CG</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Device_Description_Working_Group" title="W3C Device Description Working Group">Device Description</a> (DDWG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_Working_Group" title="HTML Working Group">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W3C_MMI" title="W3C MMI">Multimodal Interaction Activity</a> (MMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CERN_httpd" title="CERN httpd">CERN httpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">Libwww</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Browsers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser" title="Line Mode Browser">Line Mode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_(web_browser)" title="Arena (web browser)">Arena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–98)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agora_(web_browser)" title="Agora (web browser)">Agora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(web_browser)" title="Argo (web browser)">Argo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–97)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaya_(web_editor)" title="Amaya (web editor)">Amaya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(browser/editor, 1996–2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a> (IW3C) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conferences_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee">Steering Committee</a> (IW3C2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web" title="First International Conference on the World-Wide Web">First conference</a> ("WWW1", 1994)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&oldid=1253582219">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ActivityPub&oldid=1253582219</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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