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class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Jef Snoeys</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591855"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591855/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591855/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE">Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic tes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic test situations, sometime quite different from real industrial conditions. Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="70203ff395885767d941bf933330af52" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679289,"asset_id":116591855,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679289/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591855"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591855; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591854"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust explosions: A serious concern" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern">Dust explosions: A serious concern</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in chemical process safety</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing industries. This chapter reviews dust explosion loss history throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. Illustrative dust explosion incidents are highlighted in grain handling, food processing, coal mining, wood processing, metal working, and pharmaceutical component manufacturing industries. Lessons learned and open challenges are discussed in light of the loss history presented. These include the US Chemical Safety Board recommendations, development of a comprehensive general industry standard, response to dust fires, difficulties with small operations, and hazards to the general public from dust explosions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591854"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591854]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591854']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591854]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591854,"title":"Dust explosions: A serious concern","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Explosion protection with metal dust fuels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679287/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels">Explosion protection with metal dust fuels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Process Safety Progress</span><span>, Dec 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Industrial explosions have been a risk for as long as man has been processing, storing and transp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Industrial explosions have been a risk for as long as man has been processing, storing and transporting materials. Managing the explosion risk involves characterization of the hazard followed by implementation of explosion prevention and protection techniques. Many of the reported explosions have involved dusts that are organic or carbonaceous in nature (fuels, polymers, pharmaceuticals). Nevertheless, metals dust explosions do occur and can be destructive. Metal dust explosions have unique deflagration characteristics in comparison to organic fuels and that can make them more difficult to control. The flame temperature of some metals dusts can exceed 3500 掳C, more than a 1000 掳C higher than an organic flame. This can result in high explosion pressures, P max. Also, the pressure rate of rise, K max , as well as the flame speed, can greatly exceed that found with organic fuels. All of these contribute to making explosion protection more difficult. The success of explosion protection lies in the speed of the system as well as the effectiveness of the system. The detection and activation processes as well as the mechanical response of the components determine the overall speed. The effectiveness for example with suppression lies in the ability of the suppressant agent to stop the flame propagation. The application of the explosion protection techniques, suppression, venting and isolation to metal dust explosions is reviewed and limits associated with each technique will be presented. Experimental results will show that metal dust explosions can be controlled when the explosion protection techniques are properly applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3e424843d3fa5d4c618fac5d59641727" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679287,"asset_id":116591853,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679287/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3e424843d3fa5d4c618fac5d59641727" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591853,"title":"Explosion protection with metal dust fuels","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[{"id":112679287,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679287/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"EP_MetalDustFuels.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679287/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fue.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679287/EP_MetalDustFuels-libre.pdf?1711203372=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExplosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fue.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=dpbWL9pX7zL1QDf5BT-QJ1Gqwsb0TyP1ehQn6v8wd~X72xBYunYdHOt5T0j~7U7glRs6bILdgUx8cPlfpYOvMIblJh9FVeuGyJo-BQCoueJMmjd5osvPuBPezjlTIGBJ0X~iD5YVx4v6p0tFF4d9UBBPnQnTQUr8r5qQoJXys4izr15Jp2rjCKbLmJLkzblBcLegR3zEAjltfGydD9OhDiirCuzmA0A2bt8ctTIH3cas4~yvih182sg9BrSOrNpE5cyuAL2dUnCxpFrLxR9E1qkg~Mq4bcbct4lwu2LWIXPAnxfiVncFTA0ntPRd7TFeLCB4NrL82PYqRx85hTXUMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591852/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679292/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591852/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting">Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical engineering transactions</span><span>, May 20, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen throughout the world, resulting in casualties, property losses and business interruption. Prevention constitutes the first line of defense, and remains an essential part of risk mitigation for dust explosions; in addition, explosion protection techniques (such as containment, venting, isolation and suppression) also need to be implemented to deal with consequences and effects of explosion when they do occur. While conventional venting remains the most common and popular method of protection used, its implementation is not always straightforward, especially for indoor equipment. A new technology-flameless venting-has been developed for dust explosions, thanks to extensive large scale test programs. In comparison with conventional venting devices, the most notable benefits of using flameless venting devices are flame extinguishment and dust retention, resulting in blast, thermal radiation and noise minimization outside the protected equipment. Another distinct advantage is that it can be easily retrofitted to existing installations, without requiring significant changes to the process. In addition to describing the concept of flameless venting and its design, this article presents results of test programs, as well as current standardization activities related to flameless venting in Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4cf13ce91362b135dafdb4344492d3a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679292,"asset_id":116591852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679292/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591851/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679291/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591851/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase">A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries</span><span>, Mar 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly showing the necessity of mitigating the hazard related to the presence of flammable dusts. In this respect, the K St is an experimental parameter used to design the deflagration vents aimed to protect industrial devices and silos by internal dust explosions. Even if it is measured using a standard 20 L sphere test, its determination is quite expensive and time consuming. This problem is even more severe when a target dust is processed into a plant, giving rise to different average diameters; in this case, an experimental investigation of all the different particle sizes would be advisable but very expensive. In this context, the main aim of the present paper has been to develop a kinetic-free model able to predict the K St decrease with the mean particle diameter increase for organic dusts explosions. Particularly, an order of magnitude analysis of the characteristic times of the involved phenomena has showed that, in the K St measurements, the rate determining step is usually associated to heat transfer phenomena. This evidence leads to the possibility of exploring a predictive approach for the K St determination which does not require any chemical kinetic information, the most difficult to be obtained. Therefore, once the value of K St has been measured through a standard 20 L test for a given mean particle diameter (the smallest possible), the approach proposed in this work allows for predicting the K St values for the same dust at higher average particle sizes. Such an approach has been validated by comparison with several literature data as well as with a new set of experimental results.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="81daee01b531b14574ada605e2c7ea6b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679291,"asset_id":116591851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679291/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591851; 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Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.Les industries de la chi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a52a82ed8102e004543ad69908b5b751" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679250,"asset_id":116591850,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679250/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591850"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591850"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591850; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591849"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings">13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Pre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE). The publication of these proceedings was heavily affected by the global situation. In light of these challenges, we are happy to compile proceedings consisting of 84 high-quality papers that reflect the scientific state-of-the-art in the following topical categories: Advances in explosion protection: Strategies, measures, and protective equipment; Detonations and DDT; Electro-chemical energy carriers; Explosion modelling and simulation; Explosion prevention; Explosion properties of substances and mixtures; Explosion testing; Explosions of sprays and vapors; Flame propagation and acceleration; Gas, dust, and hybrid mixture explosions; Hydrogen safety and Ignition phenomena. All articles in this volume have been subject to a peer review process administered by the proceeding editors.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591849"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591849"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591849; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591849]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591849]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591849; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591849']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591849]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591849,"title":"13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591848/Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon_Monoxide_Gas_Concentration_Measurement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Smouldering Fires by Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration Measurement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679286/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591848/Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon_Monoxide_Gas_Concentration_Measurement">Detection of Smouldering Fires by Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration Measurement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Transactions</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Smouldering fires pose a serious threat in processes that handle organic dusts. They are difficul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Smouldering fires pose a serious threat in processes that handle organic dusts. They are difficult to detect but can have drastic consequences: besides deteriorating valuable product, they may evolve to open fires and even to dust or gas explosions with potential massive destructive effects. A large number of incidents have occurred in agricultural, food and chemical processing plants, in large storage silo&#39;s, drying equipment and mechanical processing apparatuses, such as mills, cutters or grinders. Smouldering is difficult to detect, because combustion happens at lower temperature, without flames, often in the internal of a porous heap of organic material where the oxygen level is reduced but maintained by diffusion through the porous medium. Detection of smouldering based on carbon monoxide concentration measurement is regularly used in industry. This work presents experimental results of smouldering of several organic products, where the size and temperature of the smoulderi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="142a5980678babcd6115408ccd5e8fc2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679286,"asset_id":116591848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679286/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591848]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591848']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "142a5980678babcd6115408ccd5e8fc2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591848]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591848,"title":"Detection of Smouldering Fires by Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration Measurement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591848/Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon_Monoxide_Gas_Concentration_Measurement","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[{"id":112679286,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679286/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"077.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679286/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679286/077-libre.pdf?1711203391=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDetection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=buo3JK9nCgVA219KbzN2HB7rlL4j4QifwNPzP6ZIIy1eb1drA9DK471AlN9OO9dQkSPnLrf4BasvOCYGLqZ4otU2SU~PP~hhawk8v3Tbm8m~y~xgolJuCugIoOz4VdNgOKdzb6a97titRzupyIMiw6ne4q8hOrfCsURrbbkpOhRUzlUA~j0XssNNnrCqd~soIU59I8oRfHACplu4qjcpybCD2KkukVHeXudQmpFJflmeiv8vEnoTn0wgE8dNZoP9imXCEShc-JPhie-eFBVAE0TontOIi2cIVTpK9x-PDZFhhRCvI39xVfcwVSn4JKYQZn9hC7vqlFAD3iCW4XSgmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591847"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591847/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679247/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591847/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE">Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic tes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic test situations, sometime quite different from real industrial conditions. Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a74617ffab39ab3976f2ea10477c614" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679247,"asset_id":116591847,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679247/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591847"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591847; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591847]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591847]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591847; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591847']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8a74617ffab39ab3976f2ea10477c614" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591847]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591847,"title":"Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591847/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[{"id":112679247,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679247/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"document.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679247/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Improving_explosion_protection_methods_f.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679247/document-libre.pdf?1711203383=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImproving_explosion_protection_methods_f.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=csA8C59VI1MxFhJlF1JY6WISQqNwvdj7p6A8N5smSi5mvOYbZmg~IpwYrCCfJZ5cCWPTMvhvZ~sKC7yOVeACqI78nbmBxdXQ3Tdiztgsyvkjf2-13R4u9tAaJRgv0AOLnQbBrtqaEo26rC5bBlwFliaFC9LLeEwBtvdQxGXP7~ql-nVDpRXQYfOsYC9gFLC~y8s9wv3ZCcWaTz7qzBg9VzN7lrJw7A2B23-6svTL0lAYq3dpt~NhcbwwbXxGH1QpqBvKrnC3KRRNe5c8IWxCjluM9WMiFczah1XhLR1fPp6d-Fr3lBQ64N1w1Ed6H8pY27k7v6imF5y9IG~77uA-2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112679248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"document.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Improving_explosion_protection_methods_f.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679248/document-libre.pdf?1711203385=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImproving_explosion_protection_methods_f.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=IqY28tXAidqRXvsLs8Fk4-scKEpIOnrSw9096niwDi~fBvVQaf9Pr5bm9On5XryEd1E9NVMzXqbAx8-up1U4LSUPXJgKm5shGBeggqIYR5LE5zuevC1RkcyYN57~IqbichV3sN3LXIfmd4NY0ZYN~9w9UhsPBP5nLsTD-MKwZBto7mUVOhVh8Wvvl8ERsUvrXnWX8t1DNkzKBOBq6GK3gQoewMEOxMAYaE7BA4LLIKlyVcEvqzO0kxVhmsW~aNFFiTzo0ebZON~3Zml0pI1xO~KGRvJqGbzJuuQTUxzjuSHhhuLhM32ZrUj2ICEMp9CHp02KIfWkPHF7Pu8yT0Kntw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591846"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591846/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust explosions: A serious concern" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591846/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern">Dust explosions: A serious concern</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Chemical Process Safety</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing industries. This chapter reviews dust explosion loss history throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. Illustrative dust explosion incidents are highlighted in grain handling, food processing, coal mining, wood processing, metal working, and pharmaceutical component manufacturing industries. Lessons learned and open challenges are discussed in light of the loss history presented. These include the US Chemical Safety Board recommendations, development of a comprehensive general industry standard, response to dust fires, difficulties with small operations, and hazards to the general public from dust explosions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591846"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591846"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591846; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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In this respect, the K St is an experimental parameter used to design the deflagration vents aimed to protect industrial devices and silos by internal dust explosions. Even if it is measured using a standard 20 L sphere test, its determination is quite expensive and time consuming. This problem is even more severe when a target dust is processed into a plant, giving rise to different average diameters; in this case, an experimental investigation of all the different particle sizes would be advisable but very expensive. In this context, the main aim of the present paper has been to develop a kinetic-free model able to predict the K St decrease with the mean particle diameter increase for organic dusts explosions. Particularly, an order of magnitude analysis of the characteristic times of the involved phenomena has showed that, in the K St measurements, the rate determining step is usually associated to heat transfer phenomena. This evidence leads to the possibility of exploring a predictive approach for the K St determination which does not require any chemical kinetic information, the most difficult to be obtained. Therefore, once the value of K St has been measured through a standard 20 L test for a given mean particle diameter (the smallest possible), the approach proposed in this work allows for predicting the K St values for the same dust at higher average particle sizes. Such an approach has been validated by comparison with several literature data as well as with a new set of experimental results.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17208f1f247a23f1673de5a084acd7ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679290,"asset_id":116591845,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679290/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591845"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591845"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591845; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591839/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679293/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591839/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting">Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen throughout the world, resulting in casualties, property losses and business interruption. Prevention constitutes the first line of defense, and remains an essential part of risk mitigation for dust explosions; in addition, explosion protection techniques (such as containment, venting, isolation and suppression) also need to be implemented to deal with consequences and effects of explosion when they do occur. While conventional venting remains the most common and popular method of protection used, its implementation is not always straightforward, especially for indoor equipment. A new technology-flameless venting-has been developed for dust explosions, thanks to extensive large scale test programs. In comparison with conventional venting devices, the most notable benefits of using flameless venting devices are flame extinguishment and dust retention, resulting in blast, thermal radiation and noise minimization outside the protected equipment. Another distinct advantage is that it can be easily retrofitted to existing installations, without requiring significant changes to the process. In addition to describing the concept of flameless venting and its design, this article presents results of test programs, as well as current standardization activities related to flameless venting in Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="76e703c3930a99a06fac6593d9dcfb9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679293,"asset_id":116591839,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679293/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591839; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591838"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591838/Dust_Flame_Propagation_in_Industrial_Scale_Piping_Part_2_CFD_Study_of_a_Conveying_Vessel_Pipeline_System"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust Flame Propagation in Industrial Scale Piping Part 2: CFD Study of a Conveying Vessel-Pipeline System" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591838/Dust_Flame_Propagation_in_Industrial_Scale_Piping_Part_2_CFD_Study_of_a_Conveying_Vessel_Pipeline_System">Dust Flame Propagation in Industrial Scale Piping Part 2: CFD Study of a Conveying Vessel-Pipeline System</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591838"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591838"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591838; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591834"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591834/Explosion_Protection_with_Metal_Dust_Fuels_New_Experimental_Evidence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Explosion Protection with Metal Dust Fuels: New Experimental Evidence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591834/Explosion_Protection_with_Metal_Dust_Fuels_New_Experimental_Evidence">Explosion Protection with Metal Dust Fuels: New Experimental Evidence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Seventh International Seminar Fire and Explosion Hazards</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591834"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591834; 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Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="70203ff395885767d941bf933330af52" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679289,"asset_id":116591855,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679289/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591855"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591855; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591854"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust explosions: A serious concern" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern">Dust explosions: A serious concern</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in chemical process safety</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing industries. This chapter reviews dust explosion loss history throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. Illustrative dust explosion incidents are highlighted in grain handling, food processing, coal mining, wood processing, metal working, and pharmaceutical component manufacturing industries. Lessons learned and open challenges are discussed in light of the loss history presented. These include the US Chemical Safety Board recommendations, development of a comprehensive general industry standard, response to dust fires, difficulties with small operations, and hazards to the general public from dust explosions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591854"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591854]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591854']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591854]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591854,"title":"Dust explosions: A serious concern","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591854/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Explosion protection with metal dust fuels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679287/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels">Explosion protection with metal dust fuels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Process Safety Progress</span><span>, Dec 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Industrial explosions have been a risk for as long as man has been processing, storing and transp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Industrial explosions have been a risk for as long as man has been processing, storing and transporting materials. Managing the explosion risk involves characterization of the hazard followed by implementation of explosion prevention and protection techniques. Many of the reported explosions have involved dusts that are organic or carbonaceous in nature (fuels, polymers, pharmaceuticals). Nevertheless, metals dust explosions do occur and can be destructive. Metal dust explosions have unique deflagration characteristics in comparison to organic fuels and that can make them more difficult to control. The flame temperature of some metals dusts can exceed 3500 掳C, more than a 1000 掳C higher than an organic flame. This can result in high explosion pressures, P max. Also, the pressure rate of rise, K max , as well as the flame speed, can greatly exceed that found with organic fuels. All of these contribute to making explosion protection more difficult. The success of explosion protection lies in the speed of the system as well as the effectiveness of the system. The detection and activation processes as well as the mechanical response of the components determine the overall speed. The effectiveness for example with suppression lies in the ability of the suppressant agent to stop the flame propagation. The application of the explosion protection techniques, suppression, venting and isolation to metal dust explosions is reviewed and limits associated with each technique will be presented. Experimental results will show that metal dust explosions can be controlled when the explosion protection techniques are properly applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3e424843d3fa5d4c618fac5d59641727" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679287,"asset_id":116591853,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679287/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3e424843d3fa5d4c618fac5d59641727" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591853,"title":"Explosion protection with metal dust fuels","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591853/Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fuels","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[{"id":112679287,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679287/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"EP_MetalDustFuels.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679287/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Explosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fue.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679287/EP_MetalDustFuels-libre.pdf?1711203372=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExplosion_protection_with_metal_dust_fue.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=dpbWL9pX7zL1QDf5BT-QJ1Gqwsb0TyP1ehQn6v8wd~X72xBYunYdHOt5T0j~7U7glRs6bILdgUx8cPlfpYOvMIblJh9FVeuGyJo-BQCoueJMmjd5osvPuBPezjlTIGBJ0X~iD5YVx4v6p0tFF4d9UBBPnQnTQUr8r5qQoJXys4izr15Jp2rjCKbLmJLkzblBcLegR3zEAjltfGydD9OhDiirCuzmA0A2bt8ctTIH3cas4~yvih182sg9BrSOrNpE5cyuAL2dUnCxpFrLxR9E1qkg~Mq4bcbct4lwu2LWIXPAnxfiVncFTA0ntPRd7TFeLCB4NrL82PYqRx85hTXUMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591852"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591852/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679292/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591852/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting">Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical engineering transactions</span><span>, May 20, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen throughout the world, resulting in casualties, property losses and business interruption. Prevention constitutes the first line of defense, and remains an essential part of risk mitigation for dust explosions; in addition, explosion protection techniques (such as containment, venting, isolation and suppression) also need to be implemented to deal with consequences and effects of explosion when they do occur. While conventional venting remains the most common and popular method of protection used, its implementation is not always straightforward, especially for indoor equipment. A new technology-flameless venting-has been developed for dust explosions, thanks to extensive large scale test programs. In comparison with conventional venting devices, the most notable benefits of using flameless venting devices are flame extinguishment and dust retention, resulting in blast, thermal radiation and noise minimization outside the protected equipment. Another distinct advantage is that it can be easily retrofitted to existing installations, without requiring significant changes to the process. In addition to describing the concept of flameless venting and its design, this article presents results of test programs, as well as current standardization activities related to flameless venting in Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e4cf13ce91362b135dafdb4344492d3a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679292,"asset_id":116591852,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679292/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591852"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591852]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591852']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e4cf13ce91362b135dafdb4344492d3a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591852]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591852,"title":"Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591852/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[{"id":112679292,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679292/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"123.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679292/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_V.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112679292/123-libre.pdf?1711203367=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_V.pdf\u0026Expires=1740001030\u0026Signature=AZ-MA8yRimCJkqcJsu~CBW55upK4nLMD-Ds7mQ3VsjjCMMHDFY2n6cgnhUKRhaxcG9EKkFpylkgi1CHtGB~OP8ccfq9Y1TdCdp~UTu1QQQsUE~MgmLuA3ftsm2Xg7gC7Qu7cGUXz93Vq~cvlsn1RBdwIlbgv~3Aup4DR8NsDjRnRGEOe54WQqryqrMc6fikfSGZ0p5Z6N-AIPXmt9CZxFzpKLjZCXQAy19v2IiM3pzDpgcyeBOYLEEmwQTB4fT0LYvRKK-TvDaaFtQvHORHFEsPjQ7zhmSWSRW0S7bi7WnBefEVVHq1qEcnM9zNxesuXN4y27IXwqqZzvt0kzUTUkw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591851/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679291/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591851/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase">A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries</span><span>, Mar 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly showing the necessity of mitigating the hazard related to the presence of flammable dusts. In this respect, the K St is an experimental parameter used to design the deflagration vents aimed to protect industrial devices and silos by internal dust explosions. Even if it is measured using a standard 20 L sphere test, its determination is quite expensive and time consuming. This problem is even more severe when a target dust is processed into a plant, giving rise to different average diameters; in this case, an experimental investigation of all the different particle sizes would be advisable but very expensive. In this context, the main aim of the present paper has been to develop a kinetic-free model able to predict the K St decrease with the mean particle diameter increase for organic dusts explosions. Particularly, an order of magnitude analysis of the characteristic times of the involved phenomena has showed that, in the K St measurements, the rate determining step is usually associated to heat transfer phenomena. This evidence leads to the possibility of exploring a predictive approach for the K St determination which does not require any chemical kinetic information, the most difficult to be obtained. Therefore, once the value of K St has been measured through a standard 20 L test for a given mean particle diameter (the smallest possible), the approach proposed in this work allows for predicting the K St values for the same dust at higher average particle sizes. Such an approach has been validated by comparison with several literature data as well as with a new set of experimental results.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="81daee01b531b14574ada605e2c7ea6b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679291,"asset_id":116591851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679291/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591851; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591851]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591851; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591851']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591850"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591850/Evolution_des_m%C3%A9thodes_de_protection_des_proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9s_industriels_contre_les_effets_des_explosions_le_projet_DELFINE_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evolution des m茅thodes de protection des proc茅d茅s industriels contre les effets des explosions : le projet DELFINE)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679250/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591850/Evolution_des_m%C3%A9thodes_de_protection_des_proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9s_industriels_contre_les_effets_des_explosions_le_projet_DELFINE_">Evolution des m茅thodes de protection des proc茅d茅s industriels contre les effets des explosions : le projet DELFINE)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">National audienceClassical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">National audienceClassical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic test situations, sometime quite different from real industrial conditions. Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.Les industries de la chi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a52a82ed8102e004543ad69908b5b751" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679250,"asset_id":116591850,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679250/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591850"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591850"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591850; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591849"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings">13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Pre...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE). The publication of these proceedings was heavily affected by the global situation. In light of these challenges, we are happy to compile proceedings consisting of 84 high-quality papers that reflect the scientific state-of-the-art in the following topical categories: Advances in explosion protection: Strategies, measures, and protective equipment; Detonations and DDT; Electro-chemical energy carriers; Explosion modelling and simulation; Explosion prevention; Explosion properties of substances and mixtures; Explosion testing; Explosions of sprays and vapors; Flame propagation and acceleration; Gas, dust, and hybrid mixture explosions; Hydrogen safety and Ignition phenomena. All articles in this volume have been subject to a peer review process administered by the proceeding editors.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591849"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591849"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591849; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591849]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591849]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591849; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591849']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591849]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591849,"title":"13th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions, Proceedings","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591849/13th_International_Symposium_on_Hazards_Prevention_and_Mitigation_of_Industrial_Explosions_Proceedings","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591848"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591848/Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon_Monoxide_Gas_Concentration_Measurement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Smouldering Fires by Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration Measurement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679286/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591848/Detection_of_Smouldering_Fires_by_Carbon_Monoxide_Gas_Concentration_Measurement">Detection of Smouldering Fires by Carbon Monoxide Gas Concentration Measurement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Engineering Transactions</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Smouldering fires pose a serious threat in processes that handle organic dusts. They are difficul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Smouldering fires pose a serious threat in processes that handle organic dusts. They are difficult to detect but can have drastic consequences: besides deteriorating valuable product, they may evolve to open fires and even to dust or gas explosions with potential massive destructive effects. A large number of incidents have occurred in agricultural, food and chemical processing plants, in large storage silo&#39;s, drying equipment and mechanical processing apparatuses, such as mills, cutters or grinders. Smouldering is difficult to detect, because combustion happens at lower temperature, without flames, often in the internal of a porous heap of organic material where the oxygen level is reduced but maintained by diffusion through the porous medium. Detection of smouldering based on carbon monoxide concentration measurement is regularly used in industry. This work presents experimental results of smouldering of several organic products, where the size and temperature of the smoulderi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="142a5980678babcd6115408ccd5e8fc2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679286,"asset_id":116591848,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679286/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591848"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591848; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591847"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591847/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679247/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591847/Improving_explosion_protection_methods_for_industrial_processes_the_collaborative_project_DELFINE">Improving explosion protection methods for industrial processes : the collaborative project DELFINE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic tes...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Classical methods for vent sizing are based on experimental correlations coming from academic test situations, sometime quite different from real industrial conditions. Thus, they do not take into account the variation of turbulence in industrial enclosures, which may alter drastically the explosion violence. The DELFINE installation presently in construction will allow studying dust explosions in real working conditions of a dust collector. Preliminary experiments in an instrumented small size filter are presented, which allow characterizing the turbulence level in every work phase of the system. It appears that the turbulence level is generally lower than in the standard conditions for vent testing, even during reverse jet cleaning. It should offer perspective for optimization of the venting areas for dust collectors. Explosion tests in real conditions on the DELFINE installation will be performed to try to confirm these first observations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a74617ffab39ab3976f2ea10477c614" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679247,"asset_id":116591847,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679247/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591847"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591847"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591847; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591846"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591846/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust explosions: A serious concern" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591846/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern">Dust explosions: A serious concern</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Chemical Process Safety</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing ind...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract Dust explosions represent a serious concern to chemical processing and manufacturing industries. This chapter reviews dust explosion loss history throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. Illustrative dust explosion incidents are highlighted in grain handling, food processing, coal mining, wood processing, metal working, and pharmaceutical component manufacturing industries. Lessons learned and open challenges are discussed in light of the loss history presented. These include the US Chemical Safety Board recommendations, development of a comprehensive general industry standard, response to dust fires, difficulties with small operations, and hazards to the general public from dust explosions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591846"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591846"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591846; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591846]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=116591846]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591846; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='116591846']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=116591846]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":116591846,"title":"Dust explosions: A serious concern","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116591846/Dust_explosions_A_serious_concern","owner_id":284959218,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":284959218,"first_name":"Jef","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Snoeys","page_name":"JefSnoeys","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-09-22T07:11:55.436-07:00","display_name":"Jef Snoeys","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JefSnoeys"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591845"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591845/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679290/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591845/A_kinetic_free_mathematical_model_for_the_prediction_of_the_K_St_reduction_with_the_particle_size_increase">A kinetic free mathematical model for the prediction of the K St reduction with the particle size increase</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Even in recent years, several major industrial accidents have involved dust explosions, clearly showing the necessity of mitigating the hazard related to the presence of flammable dusts. In this respect, the K St is an experimental parameter used to design the deflagration vents aimed to protect industrial devices and silos by internal dust explosions. Even if it is measured using a standard 20 L sphere test, its determination is quite expensive and time consuming. This problem is even more severe when a target dust is processed into a plant, giving rise to different average diameters; in this case, an experimental investigation of all the different particle sizes would be advisable but very expensive. In this context, the main aim of the present paper has been to develop a kinetic-free model able to predict the K St decrease with the mean particle diameter increase for organic dusts explosions. Particularly, an order of magnitude analysis of the characteristic times of the involved phenomena has showed that, in the K St measurements, the rate determining step is usually associated to heat transfer phenomena. This evidence leads to the possibility of exploring a predictive approach for the K St determination which does not require any chemical kinetic information, the most difficult to be obtained. Therefore, once the value of K St has been measured through a standard 20 L test for a given mean particle diameter (the smallest possible), the approach proposed in this work allows for predicting the K St values for the same dust at higher average particle sizes. Such an approach has been validated by comparison with several literature data as well as with a new set of experimental results.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17208f1f247a23f1673de5a084acd7ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679290,"asset_id":116591845,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679290/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591845"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591845"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591845; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591839/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112679293/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591839/Dust_Explosion_Protection_by_Flameless_Venting">Dust Explosion Protection by Flameless Venting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite a much greater awareness of dust explosion hazards, numerous accidents continue to happen throughout the world, resulting in casualties, property losses and business interruption. Prevention constitutes the first line of defense, and remains an essential part of risk mitigation for dust explosions; in addition, explosion protection techniques (such as containment, venting, isolation and suppression) also need to be implemented to deal with consequences and effects of explosion when they do occur. While conventional venting remains the most common and popular method of protection used, its implementation is not always straightforward, especially for indoor equipment. A new technology-flameless venting-has been developed for dust explosions, thanks to extensive large scale test programs. In comparison with conventional venting devices, the most notable benefits of using flameless venting devices are flame extinguishment and dust retention, resulting in blast, thermal radiation and noise minimization outside the protected equipment. Another distinct advantage is that it can be easily retrofitted to existing installations, without requiring significant changes to the process. In addition to describing the concept of flameless venting and its design, this article presents results of test programs, as well as current standardization activities related to flameless venting in Europe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="76e703c3930a99a06fac6593d9dcfb9b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112679293,"asset_id":116591839,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112679293/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591839; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591837"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591837/Modeling_of_dust_explosions_in_industrial_processes_use_of_explosion_simulations_FLACS_DESC_for_explosion_isolation_design"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Modeling of dust explosions in industrial processes, use of explosion simulations (FLACS, DESC) for explosion isolation design" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591837/Modeling_of_dust_explosions_in_industrial_processes_use_of_explosion_simulations_FLACS_DESC_for_explosion_isolation_design">Modeling of dust explosions in industrial processes, use of explosion simulations (FLACS, DESC) for explosion isolation design</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591837"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591837"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591837; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116591834"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591834/Explosion_Protection_with_Metal_Dust_Fuels_New_Experimental_Evidence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Explosion Protection with Metal Dust Fuels: New Experimental Evidence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/116591834/Explosion_Protection_with_Metal_Dust_Fuels_New_Experimental_Evidence">Explosion Protection with Metal Dust Fuels: New Experimental Evidence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Seventh International Seminar Fire and Explosion Hazards</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116591834"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116591834"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116591834; 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