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id="toc-Selected_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe,_northwest_Africa,_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe,_northwest_Africa,_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe, northwest Africa, Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe,_northwest_Africa,_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa,_Madagascar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa,_Madagascar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Africa, Madagascar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa,_Madagascar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Selected cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wood_carving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wood_carving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wood carving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wood_carving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Musical instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Buxus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Чэщей – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чэщей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شمشاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شمشاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCm%C5%9Fad" title="Şümşad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şümşad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Самшыт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самшыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Чемшир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чемшир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beuz_(gwez)" title="Beuz (gwez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Beuz (gwez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimostr%C3%A1z" title="Zimostráz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zimostráz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksbom-sl%C3%A6gten" title="Buksbom-slægten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Buksbom-slægten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchsb%C3%A4ume" title="Buchsbäume – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchsbäume" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukspuu_(perekond)" title="Pukspuu (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pukspuu (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukso" title="Bukso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bukso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezpel" title="Ezpel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ezpel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شمشاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمشاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buis" title="Buis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Buis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucas_(craobh)" title="Bucas (craobh) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bucas (craobh)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxo" title="Buxo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Buxo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EC%96%91%EB%AA%A9%EC%86%8D" title="회양목속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회양목속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AD" title="Տոսախ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոսախ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksowc" title="Buksowc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Buksowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0im%C5%A1ir" title="Šimšir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šimšir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buso" title="Buso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Buso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merupuk" title="Merupuk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Merupuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Чеса – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чеса" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2" title="אשכרוע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשכרוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="ბზა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Самшит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Самшит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puszp%C3%A1ng" title="Puszpáng – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puszpáng" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зеленика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зеленика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شمشاد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شمشاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="ツゲ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツゲ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boksbuumer" title="Boksbuumer – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Boksbuumer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksbomslekta" title="Buksbomslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Buksbomslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksbomslekta" title="Buksbomslekta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Buksbomslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_(arbrilhon)" title="Bois (arbrilhon) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bois (arbrilhon)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukszpan" title="Bukszpan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bukszpan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Buxus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Самшит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самшит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushi" title="Bushi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bushi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="شمشاد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شمشاد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%A1p%C3%A1n" title="Krušpán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krušpán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Шимшири (род) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шимшири (род)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puksipuut" title="Puksipuut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puksipuut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxbomar" title="Buxbomar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Buxbomar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azazer" title="Azazer – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azazer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Шамшод – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шамшод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fir" title="Şimşir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şimşir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Самшит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самшит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Buxus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Buxus" 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flowering plants</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Box (plant)" redirects here. For other species called box, see <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a>.</span> <span>"Boxtree" redirects here. For the publisher, see <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>.</span> <span>"Boxwood" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boxwood_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boxwood (disambiguation)">Boxwood (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>For the asteroid, see <a href="/wiki/8852_Buxus" class="mw-redirect" title="8852 Buxus">8852 Buxus</a>.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Buxus" title="Special:EditPage/Buxus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Buxus%22">"Buxus"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Buxus%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Buxus%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Buxus%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Buxus%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Buxus%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Buxus</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus_sempervirens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Buxus_sempervirens.jpg/220px-Buxus_sempervirens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Buxus_sempervirens.jpg/330px-Buxus_sempervirens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Buxus_sempervirens.jpg/440px-Buxus_sempervirens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="2551" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Common box, <i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_sempervirens" title="Buxus sempervirens">Buxus sempervirens</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Buxus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Buxus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>About 70 species; see text </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg/220px-Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg/330px-Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg/440px-Buxus_sempervirens0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus sempervirens</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG/220px-Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG/330px-Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG/440px-Buxus-microphylla-sinica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus sinica</i> foliage</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus_henryi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buxus_henryi.jpg/250px-Buxus_henryi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buxus_henryi.jpg/330px-Buxus_henryi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buxus_henryi.jpg/500px-Buxus_henryi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus henryi</i> foliage</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus_wallichiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buxus_wallichiana.jpg/220px-Buxus_wallichiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buxus_wallichiana.jpg/330px-Buxus_wallichiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buxus_wallichiana.jpg/440px-Buxus_wallichiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus wallichiana</i> foliage and seed capsules</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg/220px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg/330px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg/440px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_2597px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2597" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus sempervirens</i> bark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg/220px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg/330px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg/440px-Boxwood_Buxus_sempervirens_var._arborescens_Bark_Closeup_1825px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus sempervirens</i> bark closeup</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg/220px-Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg/330px-Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg/440px-Buxus_sempervirens_coupe_MHNT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3846" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption><i>Buxus sempervirens</i> - <a href="/wiki/MHNT" class="mw-redirect" title="MHNT">MHNT</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Buxus</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of about seventy species in the family <a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a>. Common names include <b>box</b> and <b>boxwood</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boxes are <a href="/wiki/Native_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plant">native</a> to western and southern Europe, southwest, southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, northernmost South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean, with the majority of species being tropical or subtropical; only the European and some Asian species are <a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">frost</a>-tolerant. <a href="/wiki/Center_of_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of diversity">Centres of diversity</a> occur in Cuba (about 30 species), China (17 species) and Madagascar (9 species). </p><p>They are slow-growing <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a> and small <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>, growing to 2–12 m (rarely 15 m) tall. The <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</a> are opposite, rounded to <a href="/wiki/Lanceolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanceolate">lanceolate</a>, and leathery; they are small in most species, typically 1.5–5 cm long and 0.3–2.5 cm broad, but up to 11 cm long and 5 cm broad in <i>B. macrocarpa</i>. The flowers are small and yellow-green, <a href="/wiki/Plant_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sexuality">monoecious</a> with both sexes present on a plant. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is a small capsule 0.5–1.5 cm long (to 3 cm in <i>B. macrocarpa</i>), containing several small <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>. </p><p>The genus splits into three genetically distinct sections, each section in a different region, with the Eurasian species in one section, the African (except northwest Africa) and Madagascan species in the second, and the American species in the third. The African and American sections are genetically closer to each other than to the Eurasian section.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genomes of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_austro-yunnanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus austro-yunnanensis (page does not exist)">Buxus austro-yunnanensis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_sinica" title="Buxus sinica">Buxus sinica</a></i> have been sequenced.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_species">Selected species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Selected species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe,_northwest_Africa,_Asia"><span id="Europe.2C_northwest_Africa.2C_Asia"></span>Europe, northwest Africa, Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Europe, northwest Africa, Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_austro-yunnanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus austro-yunnanensis (page does not exist)">Buxus austro-yunnanensis</a></i> (Yunnan box; southwest China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_balearica" title="Buxus balearica">Buxus balearica</a></i> (Balearic box; <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, southern Spain, northwest Africa)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_bodinieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus bodinieri (page does not exist)">Buxus bodinieri</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_cephalantha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus cephalantha (page does not exist)">Buxus cephalantha</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_cochinchinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus cochinchinensis (page does not exist)">Buxus cochinchinensis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_colchica" title="Buxus colchica">Buxus colchica</a></i> (Georgian box; western Caucasus; considered also a <a href="/wiki/Syn." class="mw-redirect" title="Syn.">syn.</a> of <i>B. sempervirens</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_hainanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus hainanensis (page does not exist)">Buxus hainanensis</a></i> (Hainan box; China: Hainan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_harlandii" title="Buxus harlandii">Buxus harlandii</a></i> (Harland's box; southern China, Vietnam)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_hebecarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus hebecarpa (page does not exist)">Buxus hebecarpa</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_henryi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus henryi (page does not exist)">Buxus henryi</a></i> (Henry's box; China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_hyrcana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buxus hyrcana">Buxus hyrcana</a></i> (Caspian box; Alborz, eastern Caucasus; considered also a <a href="/wiki/Syn." class="mw-redirect" title="Syn.">syn.</a> of <i>B. sempervirens</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_ichangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus ichangensis (page does not exist)">Buxus ichangensis</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_latistyla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus latistyla (page does not exist)">Buxus latistyla</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_linearifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus linearifolia (page does not exist)">Buxus linearifolia</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_megistophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus megistophylla (page does not exist)">Buxus megistophylla</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_microphylla" title="Buxus microphylla">Buxus microphylla</a></i> (Japanese box; Korea, China, Vietnam; long cultivated in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_mollicula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus mollicula (page does not exist)">Buxus mollicula</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_myrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus myrica (page does not exist)">Buxus myrica</a></i> (China, Vietnam)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_papillosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus papillosa (page does not exist)">Buxus papillosa</a></i> (western Himalaya)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_pubiramea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus pubiramea (page does not exist)">Buxus pubiramea</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rivularis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rivularis (page does not exist)">Buxus rivularis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rolfei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rolfei (page does not exist)">Buxus rolfei</a></i> (Borneo)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rugulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rugulosa (page does not exist)">Buxus rugulosa</a></i> (China, eastern Himalaya)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rupicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rupicola (page does not exist)">Buxus rupicola</a></i> (Malaysia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_sempervirens" title="Buxus sempervirens">Buxus sempervirens</a></i> (common box or European box; western and southern Europe, except far southwest)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_sinica" title="Buxus sinica">Buxus sinica</a></i> (Chinese box; China, Korea, Japan)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_stenophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus stenophylla (page does not exist)">Buxus stenophylla</a></i> (China)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_wallichiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus wallichiana (page does not exist)">Buxus wallichiana</a></i> (Himalayan box; Himalaya)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa,_Madagascar"><span id="Africa.2C_Madagascar"></span>Africa, Madagascar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Africa, Madagascar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_acuminata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus acuminata (page does not exist)">Buxus acuminata</a></i> (Africa: Zaire; syn. <i>Notobuxus acuminata</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_calcarea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus calcarea (page does not exist)">Buxus calcarea</a></i> (Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_capuronii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus capuronii (page does not exist)">Buxus capuronii</a></i> (Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_hildebrandtii" title="Buxus hildebrandtii">Buxus hildebrandtii</a></i> (eastern Africa: Somalia, Ethiopia)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_humbertii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus humbertii (page does not exist)">Buxus humbertii</a></i> (Humbert's box; Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_itremoensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus itremoensis (page does not exist)">Buxus itremoensis</a></i> (Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_lisowskii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus lisowskii (page does not exist)">Buxus lisowskii</a></i> (Congo)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_macowanii" title="Buxus macowanii">Buxus macowanii</a></i> (Cape box; eastern and northern South Africa)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_macrocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus macrocarpa (page does not exist)">Buxus macrocarpa</a></i> (Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_madagascarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus madagascarica (page does not exist)">Buxus madagascarica</a></i> (Madagascan box; Madagascar, Comoros)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_monticola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus monticola (page does not exist)">Buxus monticola</a></i> (Madagascar endemic)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_moratii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus moratii (page does not exist)">Buxus moratii</a></i> (Madagascar, Comoros)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_natalensis" title="Buxus natalensis">Buxus natalensis</a></i> (Natal box; eastern South Africa; syn. <i>Notobuxus natalensis</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_nyasica" title="Buxus nyasica">Buxus nyasica</a></i> (Malawi)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_obtusifolia" title="Buxus obtusifolia">Buxus obtusifolia</a></i> (eastern Africa; syn. <i>Notobuxus obtusifolia</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rabenantoandroi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rabenantoandroi (page does not exist)">Buxus rabenantoandroi</a></i> (Madagascar endemic; syn. <i>B. angustifolia</i> GE Schatz & Lowry <i>non</i> Mill.)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_aneura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus aneura (page does not exist)">Buxus aneura</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_arborea" title="Buxus arborea">Buxus arborea</a></i> (Jamaica)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_bartletii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus bartletii (page does not exist)">Buxus bartletii</a></i> (Central America)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_brevipes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus brevipes (page does not exist)">Buxus brevipes</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_citrifolia" title="Buxus citrifolia">Buxus citrifolia</a></i> (Venezuela)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_crassifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus crassifolia (page does not exist)">Buxus crassifolia</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_ekmanii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus ekmanii (page does not exist)">Buxus ekmanii</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_excisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus excisa (page does not exist)">Buxus excisa</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_heterophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus heterophylla (page does not exist)">Buxus heterophylla</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_imbricata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus imbricata (page does not exist)">Buxus imbricata</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_lancifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus lancifolia (page does not exist)">Buxus lancifolia</a></i> (Mexico)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_macrophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus macrophylla (page does not exist)">Buxus macrophylla</a></i> (Central America)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_mexicana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus mexicana (page does not exist)">Buxus mexicana</a></i> (Mexico)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_muelleriana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus muelleriana (page does not exist)">Buxus muelleriana</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_olivacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus olivacea (page does not exist)">Buxus olivacea</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_pilosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus pilosula (page does not exist)">Buxus pilosula</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_portoricensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus portoricensis (page does not exist)">Buxus portoricensis</a></i> (Puerto Rico)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_pubescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus pubescens (page does not exist)">Buxus pubescens</a></i> (Mexico)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_rheedioides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus rheedioides (page does not exist)">Buxus rheedioides</a></i> (Cuba)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus_vahlii" title="Buxus vahlii">Buxus vahlii</a></i> (Vahl's box or smooth box; Puerto Rico; syn. <i>B. laevigata</i>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_cultivars">Selected cultivars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxus_%27Green_Velvet%27" title="Buxus 'Green Velvet'"><i>Buxus</i> 'Green Velvet' <i></i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus_microphylla_var._koreana_%27Winter_Gem%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxus microphylla var. koreana 'Winter Gem' (page does not exist)"><i>Buxus microphylla</i> var. <i>koreana</i> 'Winter Gem'</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Box plants are commonly grown as <a href="/wiki/Hedge" title="Hedge">hedges</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Topiary" title="Topiary">topiary</a>. </p><p>In Britain and mainland Europe, box is subject to damage from <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Cydalima_perspectalis" title="Cydalima perspectalis">Cydalima perspectalis</a></i> which can devastate a box hedge within a short time. This is a recently introduced species first noticed in Europe in 2007 and in the UK in 2008 but spreading. There were 3 UK reports of infestation in 2011, 20 in 2014 and 150 in the first half of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wood_carving">Wood carving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wood carving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gothic_boxwood_miniature" title="Gothic boxwood miniature">Gothic boxwood miniature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CheckmateProper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CheckmateProper.jpg/250px-CheckmateProper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CheckmateProper.jpg/330px-CheckmateProper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CheckmateProper.jpg/500px-CheckmateProper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>The white pieces are made of boxwood. The black piece is ebonized, not made of <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Owing to its fine grain it is a good wood for fine <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carving</a>, although this is limited by the small sizes available. It is also resistant to splitting and chipping, and thus useful for <a href="/wiki/Decorative_boxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative boxes">decorative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Box#Storage" title="Box">storage</a> boxes. </p><p>Traditional Japanese boxwood combs are called <i>Tsuge Gushi</i> and have been in production since the <a href="/wiki/Heian_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Heian Period">Heian Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a timber or wood for carving it is "boxwood" in all varieties of English. </p><p>Owing to the relatively high density of the <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, boxwood is often used for <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">chess pieces</a>; unstained boxwood for the white pieces, and stained ('<a href="/wiki/Ebonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebonized">ebonized</a>') boxwood for the black pieces in lieu of <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extremely fine <a href="/wiki/Endgrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Endgrain">endgrain</a> of box makes it suitable for <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">woodblock printing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> blocks, for which it was the usual material in Europe. In the 16th century, boxwood was used to create intricate decorative carvings, including intricate <a href="/wiki/Gothic_boxwood_miniature" title="Gothic boxwood miniature">rosary prayer beads</a>. As of 2016, the largest collection of these carvings is at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Ontario" title="Art Gallery of Ontario">Art Gallery of Ontario</a> in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High quality wooden spoons have usually been carved from box, with <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> being the usual cheaper substitute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_instruments">Musical instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flute_(AM_1998.60.183-3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg/250px-Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg/330px-Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg/500px-Flute_%28AM_1998.60.183-3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>19th-century English flute made of boxwood (detail)</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to its high density, resistance to chipping, and relatively low cost, boxwood has been used to make parts for various <a href="/wiki/Stringed_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Stringed instruments">stringed instruments</a> since antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mostly used to make tailpieces, chin rests and tuning pegs, but may be used for a variety of other parts as well. Other woods used for this purpose are <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a> and ebony. </p><p>Boxwood was a common material for the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorders</a> in the eighteenth century, and a large number of mid- to high-end instruments made today are produced from one or other species of boxwood. Boxwood was once a popular wood for other woodwind instruments, and was among the traditional woods for <a href="/wiki/Great_Highland_bagpipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Highland bagpipes">Great Highland bagpipes</a> before tastes turned to imported dense tropical woods such as <a href="/wiki/Cocuswood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocuswood">cocuswood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African_blackwood" class="mw-redirect" title="African blackwood">African blackwood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickson2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickson2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marquois_Scales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marquois_Scales.jpg/220px-Marquois_Scales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marquois_Scales.jpg/330px-Marquois_Scales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marquois_Scales.jpg/440px-Marquois_Scales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4001" /></a><figcaption>Boxwood mathematical drawing instruments (Marquois scales)</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the development of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a>, boxwood was important to a wide range of fields from engineering to arts, construction to cartography, due to its density and stability making it one of the best available materials for measurement <a href="/wiki/Scale_ruler" title="Scale ruler">scales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">technical drawing</a> rulers. Alternative materials of the era were <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, paper, and metal. Disadvantages of ivory included that it would slightly shrink over time, the size and shape of blanks was limited by that of the tusk, and supply was limited. Paper was soft, difficult to use, and did not last long. Metal marked the surface it was being used on and increased expense.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebony was another dense and stable wood prized for drawing instruments but typically only if scales were not necessary; boxwood's light color contrasted much better with scales. </p><p>Devices made of boxwood included <a href="/wiki/Set_square" title="Set square">set squares</a>, scale rulers, <a href="/wiki/Meterstick" class="mw-redirect" title="Meterstick">yardsticks</a>, folding rulers, <a href="/wiki/Slide_rule" title="Slide rule">slide rules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquois_scales" title="Marquois scales">Marquois scales</a>, T-squares, <a href="/wiki/Protractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Protractor">protractors</a>, and a wide range of other measuring, metering, and straight-edge devices and tools, as well as general functional items such as <a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">combs</a>, weaving <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">shuttles</a>, etc. </p><p>A <i>boxwood rule</i> generally refers to a style of folding ruler with brass hinge(s).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Meagher" title="Thomas Francis Meagher">General Thomas F. Meagher</a> decorated the hats of the men of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Brigade (U.S.)">Irish Brigade</a> with boxwood during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, as he could find no <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_hedges_and_topiary" title="Bibliography of hedges and topiary">Bibliography of hedges and topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxwood_blight" title="Boxwood blight">Boxwood blight</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cydalima_perspectalis" title="Cydalima perspectalis">Cydalima perspectalis</a></i> – box tree moth</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/22296?rskey=4ppNrZ&result=1">"Oxford English Dictionary"</a>. <i>OED</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><b>box</b> 1. A genus ( Buxus) of ... shrubs...; specially <i>B. sempervirens</i>. <b>boxwood</b>, n. 1. The wood of the box-tree; 2. The tree or shrub itself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OED&rft.atitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F22296%3Frskey%3D4ppNrZ%26amp%3Bresult%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Random House dictionary of the English language</i>. New York City: Random House. 1966. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394471761" title="Special:BookSources/9780394471761"><bdi>9780394471761</bdi></a>. <q><b>box</b> 1. …of the genus <i>Buxus</i>, esp. <i>B. sempervirens</i>… <b>boxwood</b> 1. the…wood of the box… 2. the…shrub itself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+dictionary+of+the+English+language.&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780394471761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition</i>. Springfield Massachusetts: G. & C. Merrium Company. 2 July 1934. pp. <span class="nowrap">320–</span>321. <q><b>box</b> 1. …of the genus <i>Buxus</i>, esp. <i>B. sempervirens</i>… <b>boxwood</b> 1. the…wood of the box… 2. the…shrub itself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+International+Dictionary%2C+Second+Edition&rft.place=Springfield+Massachusetts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E320-%3C%2Fspan%3E321&rft.pub=G.+%26+C.+Merrium+Company&rft.date=1934-07-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Balthazar,_M.Endress,_P._K.Qiu,_Y.-L.2000" class="citation journal cs1">von Balthazar, M.; Endress, P. K.; Qiu, Y.-L. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships in Buxaceae based on nuclear internal transcribed spacers and plastid <i>ndhF</i> sequences". <i>International Journal of Plant Sciences</i>. <b>161</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">785–</span>792. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F314302">10.1086/314302</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84897706">84897706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Plant+Sciences&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+in+Buxaceae+based+on+nuclear+internal+transcribed+spacers+and+plastid+ndhF+sequences&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E785-%3C%2Fspan%3E792&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F314302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84897706%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=von+Balthazar%2C+M.&rft.au=Endress%2C+P.+K.&rft.au=Qiu%2C+Y.-L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChanderbaliJinXuZhang2022" class="citation journal cs1">Chanderbali, Andre S.; Jin, Lingling; Xu, Qiaoji; Zhang, Yue; Zhang, Jingbo; Jian, Shuguang; Carroll, Emily; Sankoff, David; Albert, Victor A.; Howarth, Dianella G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (2022-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810787">"Buxus and Tetracentron genomes help resolve eudicot genome history"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 643. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatCo..13..643C">2022NatCo..13..643C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-022-28312-w">10.1038/s41467-022-28312-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810787">8810787</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35110570">35110570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Buxus+and+Tetracentron+genomes+help+resolve+eudicot+genome+history&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=643&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8810787%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatCo..13..643C&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35110570&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-022-28312-w&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.aulast=Chanderbali&rft.aufirst=Andre+S.&rft.au=Jin%2C+Lingling&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qiaoji&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yue&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jingbo&rft.au=Jian%2C+Shuguang&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Emily&rft.au=Sankoff%2C+David&rft.au=Albert%2C+Victor+A.&rft.au=Howarth%2C+Dianella+G.&rft.au=Soltis%2C+Douglas+E.&rft.au=Soltis%2C+Pamela+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8810787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangLiSunZhu2022" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Zhenyue; Li, Ying; Sun, Pengchuan; Zhu, Mingjia; Wang, Dandan; Lu, Zhiqiang; Hu, Hongyin; Xu, Renping; Zhang, Jin; Ma, Jianxiang; Liu, Jianquan; Yang, Yongzhi (2022-10-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9533543">"A high-quality Buxus austro-yunnanensis (Buxales) genome provides new insights into karyotype evolution in early eudicots"</a>. <i>BMC Biology</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12915-022-01420-1">10.1186/s12915-022-01420-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-7007">1741-7007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9533543">9533543</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36195948">36195948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biology&rft.atitle=A+high-quality+Buxus+austro-yunnanensis+%28Buxales%29+genome+provides+new+insights+into+karyotype+evolution+in+early+eudicots&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=216&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9533543%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1741-7007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36195948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12915-022-01420-1&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhenyue&rft.au=Li%2C+Ying&rft.au=Sun%2C+Pengchuan&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Mingjia&rft.au=Wang%2C+Dandan&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhiqiang&rft.au=Hu%2C+Hongyin&rft.au=Xu%2C+Renping&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jin&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jianxiang&rft.au=Liu%2C+Jianquan&rft.au=Yang%2C+Yongzhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9533543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-34054321">Invasive caterpillar 'could spread in UK'</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyotoartisans.jp/">"Kyoto Artisans Concierge"</a>. <i>www.kyotoartisans.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kyotoartisans.jp&rft.atitle=Kyoto+Artisans+Concierge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyotoartisans.jp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechesszone.com/chess_pieces_materials_manufacture#BOXWOOD">"Chess Piece Materials"</a>. The Chess ZoneDiaphania perspectalis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+Piece+Materials&rft.pub=The+Chess+ZoneDiaphania+perspectalis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechesszone.com%2Fchess_pieces_materials_manufacture%23BOXWOOD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/visualarts/2016/11/13/in-small-wonders-agos-strangest-possessions-take-centre-stage.html">"Inner Space: In Small Wonders, the AGO's strangest possessions take centre stage"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>, November 13, 2016. Page E1. Murray White.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Theocritus Idyll 24.110, where Heracles is taught to play a boxwood lyre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickson2009-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dickson2009_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoshua_Dickson2009" class="citation book cs1">Joshua Dickson (9 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JOfk2YpundEC&pg=PA50"><i>The Highland bagpipe: music, history, tradition</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 50–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6669-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6669-1"><bdi>978-0-7546-6669-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Highland+bagpipe%3A+music%2C+history%2C+tradition&rft.pages=50-&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6669-1&rft.au=Joshua+Dickson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJOfk2YpundEC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanley1878" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, William Ford (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compleatsurveyor.com/resources/eReference-Library/Surveying-Instrument-Catalogues/Stanley-1878.pdf"><i>A Descriptive Treatise on Mathematical Drawing Instruments</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5 ed.). New York: E. & F. N. Spon. pp. <span class="nowrap">197–</span>199.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Treatise+on+Mathematical+Drawing+Instruments&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E199&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=E.+%26+F.+N.+Spon&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=William+Ford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.compleatsurveyor.com%2Fresources%2FeReference-Library%2FSurveying-Instrument-Catalogues%2FStanley-1878.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawleytoolcollection.com/uploads/PDF/How%20it%20was%20made%20-%20Boxwood%20Rules.pdf">"How It Was Made - Boxwood Rules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hawley Tool Collection</i>. Kelham Island Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawley+Tool+Collection&rft.atitle=How+It+Was+Made+-+Boxwood+Rules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawleytoolcollection.com%2Fuploads%2FPDF%2FHow%2520it%2520was%2520made%2520-%2520Boxwood%2520Rules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irishamericancivilwar.com/2011/11/27/illustrations-of-the-irish-brigade-at-fredericksburg/">"Illustrations of the Irish Brigade at Fredericksburg"</a>. <i>Irish in the American Civil War</i>. Damian Shiels. November 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+in+the+American+Civil+War&rft.atitle=Illustrations+of+the+Irish+Brigade+at+Fredericksburg&rft.date=2011-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firishamericancivilwar.com%2F2011%2F11%2F27%2Fillustrations-of-the-irish-brigade-at-fredericksburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boxwoodsociety.org/">American Boxwood Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515063540/https://www.mnhn.fr/publication/adanson/a02n2a5.pdf">Revision of the genus Buxus in Madagascar</a> (PDF file)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3870" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3870" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Buxus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158703" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q158703">Q158703</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Buxus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Buxus">Buxus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/188933">188933</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/70900">70900</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62HXK">62HXK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/61420">61420</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1BUXG">1BUXG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104926">104926</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=104926">104926</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2984666">2984666</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=1826">1826</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/133400">133400</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/15130-1">15130-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1010963">1010963</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=28022">28022</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000456741">NHMSYS0000456741</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4001">4001</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/c14619d7-87c0-4495-b2e7-ee212bc41373">c14619d7-87c0-4495-b2e7-ee212bc41373</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1000250">1000250</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/BUXUS">BUXUS</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A15130-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:15130-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40033761">40033761</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000005846">wfo-4000005846</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox980" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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