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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reluctant_king" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reluctant_king"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reluctant king</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reluctant_king-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Early reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empire_to_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire_to_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Empire to Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire_to_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_honours_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_honours_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Titles, honours and arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles,_honours_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">George VI</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="George VI van die Verenigde Koninkryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="George VI van die Verenigde Koninkryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_VI_Bretta_Cyning" title="Georgius VI Bretta Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgius VI Bretta Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="جورج السادس ملك المملكة المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج السادس ملك المملكة المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorche_VI_d%27o_Reino_Uniu" title="Chorche VI d'o Reino Uniu – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chorche VI d'o Reino Uniu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xurde_VI_del_Reinu_Xun%C3%ADu" title="Xurde VI del Reinu Xuníu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xurde VI del Reinu Xuníu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI_Corc" title="VI Corc – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="VI Corc" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="آلتینجی جورج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلتینجی جورج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_saking_Britania_Raya" title="George VI saking Britania Raya – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="George VI saking Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="ষষ্ঠ জর্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ষষ্ঠ জর্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_6-s%C3%A8" title="George 6-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="George 6-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_VI" title="Георг VI – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Георг VI" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_VI" title="Георг VI – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Георг VI" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_VI" title="Джордж VI – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джордж VI" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_VI,_kralj_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="Đorđe VI, kralj Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Đorđe VI, kralj Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_(roue_ar_Rouantelezh-Unanet)" title="George VI (roue ar Rouantelezh-Unanet) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="George VI (roue ar Rouantelezh-Unanet)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordi_VI_del_Regne_Unit" title="Jordi VI del Regne Unit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jordi VI del Regne Unit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_VI." title="Jiří VI. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jiří VI." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B4r_VI,_brenin_y_Deyrnas_Unedig" title="Siôr VI, brenin y Deyrnas Unedig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siôr VI, brenin y Deyrnas Unedig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_6._af_Storbritannien" title="Georg 6. af Storbritannien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georg 6. af Storbritannien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI._(Vereinigtes_K%C3%B6nigreich)" title="Georg VI. (Vereinigtes Königreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georg VI. (Vereinigtes Königreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AF%DE%96%DE%B0_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6" title="ޖޯޖް ހަވަނަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖޯޖް ހަވަނަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Γεώργιος ΣΤ΄ του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεώργιος ΣΤ΄ του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_VI_del_Reino_Unido" title="Jorge VI del Reino Unido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jorge VI del Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgo_la_6-a_(Britio)" title="Georgo la 6-a (Britio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Georgo la 6-a (Britio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurgi_VI.a_Erresuma_Batukoa" title="Jurgi VI.a Erresuma Batukoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jurgi VI.a Erresuma Batukoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%B4%D9%85" title="جرج ششم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج ششم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoirse_VI_na_R%C3%ADochta_Aontaithe" title="Seoirse VI na Ríochta Aontaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seoirse VI na Ríochta Aontaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B2ras_VI" title="Seòras VI – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seòras VI" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xurxo_VI_do_Reino_Unido" title="Xurxo VI do Reino Unido – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xurxo VI do Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_6-s%E1%B9%B3" title="George 6-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="George 6-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_6%EC%84%B8" title="조지 6세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 6세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB_VI" title="Ջորջ VI – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջորջ VI" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जॉर्ज षष्ठम् – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्ज षष्ठम्" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90uro_VI.,_kralj_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="Đuro VI., kralj Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Đuro VI., kralj Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_la_6ma_di_Unionita_Rejio" title="George la 6ma di Unionita Rejio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="George la 6ma di Unionita Rejio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George VI dari Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George VI dari Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgio_VI_del_Regno_Unite" title="Georgio VI del Regno Unite – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Georgio VI del Regno Unite" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_6." title="Georg 6. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Georg 6." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_VI_del_Regno_Unito" title="Giorgio VI del Regno Unito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giorgio VI del Regno Unito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%AA" title="ג'ורג' השישי, מלך הממלכה המאוחדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' השישי, מלך הממלכה המאוחדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರನೇ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರನೇ ಜಾರ್ಜ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF_VI" title="ჯორჯ VI – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯორჯ VI" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="VI Джордж – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="VI Джордж" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jori_VI" title="Jori VI – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jori VI" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_VI_(rex_Britanniarum)" title="Georgius VI (rex Britanniarum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius VI (rex Britanniarum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEord%C5%BEs_VI_Vindzors" title="Džordžs VI Vindzors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džordžs VI Vindzors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI._vum_Vereenegte_Kinnekr%C3%A4ich" title="George VI. vum Vereenegte Kinnekräich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="George VI. vum Vereenegte Kinnekräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurgis_VI" title="Jurgis VI – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jurgis VI" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._Gy%C3%B6rgy_brit_kir%C3%A1ly" title="VI. György brit király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VI. György brit király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9F_VI" title="Џорџ VI – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џорџ VI" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജോർജ് ആറാമൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർജ് ആറാമൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0or%C4%A1_VI" title="Ġorġ VI – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġorġ VI" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="युनायटेड किंग्डमचा सहावा जॉर्ज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युनायटेड किंग्डमचा सहावा जॉर्ज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="جورج الساتت ملك المملكه المتحده – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج الساتت ملك المملكه المتحده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7)" title="جرج شیشوم (بریتانیا شا) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جرج شیشوم (بریتانیا شا)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_VI_de_l_Reino_Ounido" title="Jorge VI de l Reino Ounido – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jorge VI de l Reino Ounido" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%8B%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8C%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဆဋ္ဌမမြောက် ဂျော့ချ်ဘုရင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆဋ္ဌမမြောက် ဂျော့ချ်ဘုရင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="George VI van het Verenigd Koninkrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George VI van het Verenigd Koninkrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B86%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B)" title="ジョージ6世 (イギリス王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ6世 (イギリス王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI._(Ferianigt_K%C3%B6ningrik)" title="Georg VI. (Ferianigt Köningrik) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Georg VI. (Ferianigt Köningrik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI_av_Storbritannia" title="Georg VI av Storbritannia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georg VI av Storbritannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI_av_Storbritannia" title="Georg VI av Storbritannia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georg VI av Storbritannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_du_Rouoyaume_Unni" title="George VI du Rouoyaume Unni – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="George VI du Rouoyaume Unni" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2rdi_VI_del_Reialme_Unit" title="Jòrdi VI del Reialme Unit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòrdi VI del Reialme Unit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جارج چھیواں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارج چھیواں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%BE%DA%96%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="شپږم جورج – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شپږم جورج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_VI" title="Jerzy VI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerzy VI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_VI_do_Reino_Unido" title="Jorge VI do Reino Unido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jorge VI do Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI" title="Georg VI – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Georg VI" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_al_VI-lea_al_Regatului_Unit" title="George al VI-lea al Regatului Unit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="George al VI-lea al Regatului Unit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_VI" title="Георг VI – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Георг VI" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siaosi_VI" title="Siaosi VI – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Siaosi VI" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A5%AC" title="जार्ज ६ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जार्ज ६" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgiu_VI_d%C3%BB_Regnu_Unitu" title="Giorgiu VI dû Regnu Unitu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giorgiu VI dû Regnu Unitu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2" title="හයවන ජෝර්ජ් රජ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හයවන ජෝර්ජ් රජ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juraj_VI._(Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo)" title="Juraj VI. (Spojené kráľovstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Juraj VI. (Spojené kráľovstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_VI._Britanski" title="Jurij VI. Britanski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jurij VI. Britanski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%85" title="جۆرجی شەشەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆرجی شەشەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9F_VI" title="Џорџ VI – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џорџ VI" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_od_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="George VI od Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="George VI od Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrj%C3%B6_VI" title="Yrjö VI – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yrjö VI" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI_av_Storbritannien" title="Georg VI av Storbritannien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georg VI av Storbritannien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்கிய இராச்சியத்தின் ஆறாம் ஜோர்ஜ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய இராச்சியத்தின் ஆறாம் ஜோர்ஜ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_6_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="สมเด็จพระเจ้าจอร์จที่ 6 แห่งสหราชอาณาจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระเจ้าจอร์จที่ 6 แห่งสหราชอาณาจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_VI" title="Георги VI – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Георги VI" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._George" title="VI. George – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VI. George" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_VI" title="Георг VI – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Георг VI" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%B4%D9%85" title="جارج ششم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جارج ششم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_c%E1%BB%A7a_Anh" title="George VI của Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="George VI của Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_VI" title="Georg VI – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Georg VI" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="George VI" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="乔治六世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治六世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="געארג דער זעקסטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געארג דער זעקסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="佐治六世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佐治六世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="乔治六世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔治六世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q280856#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/George_VI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="George VI (disambiguation)">George VI (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">George VI</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_(cleaned).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="George VI in the uniform of a field marshal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/220px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/330px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg/440px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3545" data-file-height="4862" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Formal portrait, 1938</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a><br />and the <a href="/wiki/British_Dominions" class="mw-redirect" title="British Dominions">British Dominions</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">11 December 1936 – <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;">6 February 1952</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_VI_and_Elizabeth" title="Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 May 1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">11 December 1936 – <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;">15 August 1947</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Prince Albert of York<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-12-14</span>)</span>14 December 1895<br /><a href="/wiki/York_Cottage" title="York Cottage">York Cottage</a>, Sandringham, Norfolk, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 February 1952<span style="display:none">(1952-02-06)</span> (aged 56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a>, Norfolk, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February 1952<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">Royal Vault, <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel">St George's Chapel</a></div> 26 March 1969<br /><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Memorial_Chapel" title="King George VI Memorial Chapel">King George VI Memorial Chapel</a>, St George's Chapel</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 April 1923">1923</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Albert Frederick Arthur George</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a> (from 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> (until 1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Protestantism in the United Kingdom">Protestant</a><sup id="cite_ref-religion_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_VI_signature_1945.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George VI's signature"><img alt="George's signature in black ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_VI_signature_1945.svg/125px-George_VI_signature_1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_VI_signature_1945.svg/188px-George_VI_signature_1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/George_VI_signature_1945.svg/250px-George_VI_signature_1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Osborne" title="Royal Naval College, Osborne">Royal Naval College, Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">Britannia Royal Naval College</a></li></ul> </div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of active service</th><td class="infobox-data">1913–1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style 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.listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_VI%27s_VE_Day_speech.ogg" title="File:King George VI's VE Day speech.ogg">King George VI's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="563" data-mwtitle="King_George_VI's_VE_Day_speech.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/King_George_VI%27s_VE_Day_speech.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/King_George_VI%27s_VE_Day_speech.ogg/King_George_VI%27s_VE_Day_speech.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKing_George_VI%27s_VE_Day_speech.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Speech on <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a><br />Recorded 8 May 1945</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George VI</b> (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a> from 11 December 1936 until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_VI" title="Death and state funeral of George VI">his death</a> in 1952. He was also the last <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a> from 1936 until the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> was dissolved in August 1947, and the first <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">head of the Commonwealth</a> following the <a href="/wiki/London_Declaration" title="London Declaration">London Declaration</a> of 1949. </p><p>The future George VI was born during the reign of his great-grandmother <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>; he was named Albert at birth after his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> and was known as "Bertie" to his family and close friends. His father ascended the throne as <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in 1910. As the second son of the king, Albert was not expected to inherit the throne. He spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>. Albert attended naval college as a teenager and served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. In 1920, he was made <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a>. He <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Albert_and_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" title="Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">married</a> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> in 1923, and they had two daughters, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Margaret</a>. In the mid-1920s, he engaged speech therapist <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Logue" title="Lionel Logue">Lionel Logue</a> to treat his <a href="/wiki/Stutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutter">stutter</a>, which he learned to manage to some degree. His elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII after <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_V" title="Death and state funeral of George V">their father died</a> in 1936, but <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Edward abdicated</a> later that year to marry the twice-divorced American socialite <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> to Edward VIII, Albert became king, taking the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> George VI. </p><p>In September 1939, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and most Commonwealth countries—<a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">but not Ireland</a>—<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">declared war</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>. War with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. George VI was seen as sharing the hardships of the common people and his popularity soared. <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> was bombed during <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a> while the King and Queen were there, and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">the Duke of Kent</a> was killed on active service. George became known as a symbol of British determination to win the war. <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Britain and its allies</a> were victorious in 1945, but the British Empire declined. Ireland had <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland">largely broken away</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">independence of India and Pakistan</a> in 1947. George relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948 and instead adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by smoking-related health problems in the later years of his reign and died at <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a>, aged 56, of a <a href="/wiki/Coronary_thrombosis" title="Coronary thrombosis">coronary thrombosis</a>. He was succeeded by his elder daughter, Elizabeth II. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg/220px-Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg/330px-Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg/440px-Edward_VII_UK_and_successors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>Four kings: <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> (far right); his son George, Prince of Wales, later <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (far left); and grandsons Edward, later <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> (rear); and Albert, later George VI (foreground), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert was born at <a href="/wiki/York_Cottage" title="York Cottage">York Cottage</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandringham Estate">Sandringham Estate</a> in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was Prince George, Duke of York (later <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a>), the second and only surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra</a>). His mother, the Duchess of York (later <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>), was the eldest child and only daughter of <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Teck" title="Francis, Duke of Teck">Francis, Duke of Teck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mary_Adelaide,_Duchess_of_Teck" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck">Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His birthday, 14 December 1895, was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Albert, Prince Consort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been "rather distressed". Two days later, he wrote again: "I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name <i>Albert</i> to her."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Queen was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: "I am all impatience to see the <em>new</em> one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, he was <a href="/wiki/Baptised" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptised">baptised</a> "Albert Frederick Arthur George" at <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene_Church,_Sandringham" title="St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham">St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham</a> on 17 February 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formally he was His Highness Prince Albert of York; within the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a> he was known informally as "Bertie".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duchess of Teck did not like the first name her grandson had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name "may supplant the less favoured one".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert was fourth in line to the throne at birth, after his grandfather, father and elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward</a>. </p><p>Albert was ill often and was described as "easily frightened and somewhat prone to tears".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were generally removed from their children's day-to-day upbringing, as was the norm in aristocratic families of that era. He had a <a href="/wiki/Stutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutter">stutter</a> that lasted for many years. Although naturally <a href="/wiki/Left-handed" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handed">left-handed</a>, he was forced to write with his right hand, as was common practice at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had chronic stomach problems as well as <a href="/wiki/Knock_knees" class="mw-redirect" title="Knock knees">knock knees</a>, for which he was forced to wear painful corrective splints.<sup id="cite_ref-matthew_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthew-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria died</a> on 22 January 1901, and the Prince of Wales succeeded her as King Edward VII. Prince Albert moved up to third in line to the throne, after his father and elder brother. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career_and_education">Military career and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png/170px-Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png/255px-Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png/340px-Prince_Albert_in_RAF_uniform.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>At an RAF dinner, 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in 1909, Albert attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Osborne" title="Royal Naval College, Osborne">Royal Naval College, Osborne</a>, as a naval <a href="/wiki/Cadet" title="Cadet">cadet</a>. In 1911 he came bottom of the class in the final examination, but despite this he progressed to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Dartmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval College, Dartmouth">Royal Naval College, Dartmouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Edward_VII" title="Death and state funeral of Edward VII">Edward VII died</a> in 1910, his father became King George V. Prince Edward became Prince of Wales, with Albert second in line to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cumberland_(1902)" title="HMS Cumberland (1902)">HMS <i>Cumberland</i></a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> and on the east coast of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was rated as a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Collingwood_(1908)" title="HMS Collingwood (1908)">HMS <i>Collingwood</i></a> on 15 September 1913. He spent three months in the Mediterranean, but never overcame his seasickness.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three weeks after the outbreak of World War I he was medically evacuated from the ship to Aberdeen, where his appendix was removed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Marnoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Marnoch">Sir John Marnoch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_dispatches" title="Mentioned in dispatches">mentioned in dispatches</a> for his actions as a turret officer aboard <i>Collingwood</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a> (31 May – 1 June 1916), the great naval battle of the war. He did not see further combat, largely because of ill health caused by a <a href="/wiki/Duodenal_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Duodenal ulcer">duodenal ulcer</a>, for which he had an operation in November 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradford55_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradford55-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1918 Albert was appointed Officer in Charge of Boys at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service" title="Royal Naval Air Service">Royal Naval Air Service</a>'s training establishment at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Cranwell" title="RAF Cranwell">Cranwell</a>. With the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> Albert transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as Officer Commanding Number 4 Squadron of the Boys' Wing at Cranwell until August 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before reporting for duty on the staff of the <a href="/wiki/RAF%27s_Cadet_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF's Cadet Brigade">RAF's Cadet Brigade</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_Leonards-on-Sea" title="St Leonards-on-Sea">St Leonards-on-Sea</a> and then at <a href="/wiki/Shorncliffe_Army_Camp" title="Shorncliffe Army Camp">Shorncliffe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed a fortnight's training and took command of a squadron on the Cadet Wing.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first member of the British royal family to be certified as a fully qualified pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert wanted to serve on the Continent while the war was still in progress and welcomed a posting to <a href="/wiki/General_Trenchard" class="mw-redirect" title="General Trenchard">General Trenchard</a>'s staff in France. On 23 October, he flew across the Channel to <a href="/wiki/Autigny,_Seine-Maritime" title="Autigny, Seine-Maritime">Autigny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the closing weeks of the war, he served on the staff of the RAF's <a href="/wiki/Independent_Air_Force" title="Independent Air Force">Independent Air Force</a> at its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy, France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the disbanding of the Independent Air Force in November 1918, he remained on the Continent for two months as an RAF staff officer until posted back to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He accompanied <a href="/wiki/King_Albert_I_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="King Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I of Belgium</a> on his triumphal re-entry into Brussels on 22 November. The prince qualified as an RAF pilot on 31 July 1919 and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">squadron leader</a> the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1919, Albert attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the historian <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Vere_Laurence" title="Reginald Vere Laurence">R. V. Laurence</a> as his "official mentor".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 June 1920 his father created him <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Inverness" title="Earl of Inverness">Earl of Inverness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baron_Killarney" title="Baron Killarney">Baron Killarney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His stutter, and his embarrassment over it, together with a tendency to shyness, caused him to appear less confident in public than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at <a href="/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Championships, Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1926_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_Doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="1926 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles">Men's Doubles</a> with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a> in 1926, losing in the first round.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He developed an interest in working conditions, and was president of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Welfare_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Welfare Society">Industrial Welfare Society</a>. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Albert_and_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" title="Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse,_Brisbane,_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_1_110084_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York_at_Eagle_Farm_Racecourse%2C_Brisbane%2C_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>The Duke and Duchess of York (centre, reading programmes) at <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Racecourse" title="Eagle Farm Racecourse">Eagle Farm Racecourse</a>, Brisbane, Queensland, 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>In a time when royalty were expected to marry fellow royalty, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Chisholm" title="Sheila Chisholm">Lady Loughborough</a> came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, he met for the first time since childhood <a href="/wiki/Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a>, the youngest daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bowes-Lyon,_14th_Earl_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Earl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bowes-Lyon,_Countess_of_Strathmore_and_Kinghorne" title="Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne">Countess of Strathmore</a>. He became determined to marry her.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the words of Lady Strathmore, Albert would be "made or marred" by his choice of wife. After a protracted courtship, Elizabeth agreed to marry him.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert and Elizabeth were married on 26 April 1923 in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. Albert's marriage to someone not of royal birth was considered a modernising gesture.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly formed <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Company" title="British Broadcasting Company">British Broadcasting Company</a> wished to record and broadcast the event on radio, but the Abbey <a href="/wiki/Dean_and_Chapter_of_Westminster" title="Dean and Chapter of Westminster">Chapter</a> vetoed the idea (although the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Westminster" title="Dean of Westminster">Dean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Edward_Ryle" title="Herbert Edward Ryle">Herbert Edward Ryle</a>, was in favour).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg/180px-TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg/270px-TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg/360px-TIMEMagazine12Jan1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>On the <a href="/wiki/1929_Time_magazine_covers" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 Time magazine covers">cover of <i>Time</i></a>, January 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>From December 1924 to April 1925, the Duke and Duchess toured <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a>, travelling via the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>. During the trip, they both went <a href="/wiki/Big-game_hunting" title="Big-game hunting">big-game hunting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of his stutter, Albert dreaded public speaking.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his closing speech at the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Exhibition" title="British Empire Exhibition">British Empire Exhibition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wembley" title="Wembley">Wembley</a> on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he began to see <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Logue" title="Lionel Logue">Lionel Logue</a>, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his delivery improved, Albert opened the new <a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_Canberra" title="Old Parliament House, Canberra">Parliament House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia, during a tour of the empire with his wife in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took them via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Clark" title="Bertrand Clark">Bertrand Clark</a>, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Duke and Duchess had two children: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth</a> (the future Elizabeth II, called "Lilibet" by the family) who was born in 1926, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Margaret</a> who was born in 1930. The close family lived at <a href="/wiki/White_Lodge,_Richmond_Park" title="White Lodge, Richmond Park">White Lodge, Richmond Park</a>, and then at 145 <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a>, rather than one of the royal palaces.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1931, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian prime minister">Canadian prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a>, considered Albert for <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a>—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._H._Thomas" title="J. H. Thomas">J. H. Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reluctant_king">Reluctant king</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reluctant king"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></div> <p>King George V had severe reservations about Prince Edward, saying "After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself in twelve months" and "I pray God that my eldest son will never marry and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 January 1936, <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_V" title="Death and state funeral of George V">George V died</a> and Edward ascended the throne as King Edward VIII. In the <a href="/wiki/Vigil_of_the_Princes" title="Vigil of the Princes">Vigil of the Princes</a>, Prince Albert and his three brothers (the new king, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a>) took a shift standing guard over their father's body as it <a href="/wiki/Lay_in_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay in state">lay in state</a>, in a closed casket, in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a>. </p><p>As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII abdication crisis">abdicated</a> in order to marry <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a>, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands. He abdicated and Albert, though he had been reluctant to accept the throne, became king.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day before the abdication, Albert went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. He wrote in his diary, "When I told her what had happened, I broke down and sobbed like a child."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of Edward's abdication, the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>, the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_(Amendment_No._27)_Act_1936" title="Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936">removed all direct mention of the monarch</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Constitution of the Irish Free State">Irish constitution</a>. The next day, it passed the <a href="/wiki/External_Relations_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="External Relations Act">External Relations Act</a>, which gave the monarch limited authority (strictly on the advice of the government) to appoint diplomatic representatives for Ireland and to be involved in the making of foreign treaties. The two acts made the Irish Free State a republic in essence without removing its links to the Commonwealth.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Across Britain, gossip spread that Albert was physically and psychologically incapable of being king. No evidence has been found to support the contemporaneous rumour that the government considered bypassing him, his children and his brother Prince Henry, in favour of their younger brother Prince George, Duke of Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seems to have been suggested on the grounds that Prince George was at that time the only brother with <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">a son</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_reign">Early reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_crown_George_VI_1937.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_crown_George_VI_1937.png/220px-1_crown_George_VI_1937.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_crown_George_VI_1937.png/330px-1_crown_George_VI_1937.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/1_crown_George_VI_1937.png/440px-1_crown_George_VI_1937.png 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crown_(British_coin)" title="Crown (British coin)">Crown coin</a> with George in profile, 1937</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg/222px-Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg/333px-Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg/444px-Coronation_of_H.M._George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the Coronation in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert assumed the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">regnal name</a> "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession, Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon Edward the title "<a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor" title="Duke of Windsor">Duke of Windsor</a>" with the style "Royal Highness", but the <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of <a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a>, as these were private properties and did not pass to him automatically.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png/170px-Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png/255px-Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png/340px-Radio_Times_-_1937-05-07_-_front_cover_-_Christopher_Richard_Wynne_Nevinson.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption>Cover of the 7 May 1937 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a></i>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/C._R._W._Nevinson" title="C. R. W. Nevinson">C. R. W. Nevinson</a>, marking the first coronation to be broadcast, and partially televised, live </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/George_VI%27s_coronation" class="mw-redirect" title="George VI's coronation">George VI's coronation</a> at Westminster Abbey took place on 12 May 1937, the date previously intended for <a href="/wiki/Abandoned_coronation_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abandoned coronation of Edward VIII">Edward's coronation</a>. In a break with tradition, Queen Mary attended the ceremony in a show of support for her son.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Durbar</a> held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Government of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian nationalism</a> made the welcome that the royal party would have received likely to be muted at best,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a prolonged absence from Britain would have been undesirable in the tense period before the Second World War. Two overseas tours were undertaken, to France and to North America, both of which promised greater strategic advantages in the event of war.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing likelihood of war in Europe dominated the early reign of George VI. The King was constitutionally bound to support British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">appeasement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-matthew_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthew-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the King and Queen greeted Chamberlain on his return from negotiating the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> in 1938, they invited him to appear on the balcony of <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> with them. This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-matthew_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthew-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While broadly popular among the general public, Chamberlain's policy towards Hitler was the subject of some opposition in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, which led historian and politician <a href="/wiki/John_Grigg" title="John Grigg">John Grigg</a> to describe George's behaviour in associating himself so prominently with a politician as "the most unconstitutional act by a British sovereign in the present century".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg/220px-FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg/330px-FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg/440px-FDR-George-VI-Potomac-June-9-1939-2-detail-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> with King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Potomac_(AG-25)" title="USS Potomac (AG-25)">USS <i>Potomac</i></a>, 9 June 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>In May and June 1939, the <a href="/wiki/1939_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="1939 royal tour of Canada">King and Queen toured Canada</a> and the United States; it was the first visit of a reigning British monarch to North America, although George had been to Canada prior to his accession. From <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, George and Elizabeth were accompanied by Canadian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to present themselves in North America as <a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="King and Queen of Canada">King and Queen of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Mackenzie King and the Canadian governor general, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Tweedsmuir" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Tweedsmuir">Lord Tweedsmuir</a>, hoped that George's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a>, which gave full sovereignty to the <a href="/wiki/British_Dominions" class="mw-redirect" title="British Dominions">British Dominions</a>. On 19 May, George personally accepted and approved the <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credence" title="Letter of credence">letter of credence</a> of the new U.S. ambassador to Canada, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Calhoun_Roper" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Calhoun Roper">Daniel Calhoun Roper</a>; gave <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a>. The official royal tour historian, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lanctot" title="Gustave Lanctot">Gustave Lanctot</a>, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trip was intended to soften the strong <a href="/wiki/Isolationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolationist">isolationist</a> tendencies among the North American public with regard to the developing tensions in Europe. Although the aim of the tour was mainly political, to shore up Atlantic support for the United Kingdom in any future war, the King and Queen were enthusiastically received by the public.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor was dispelled.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They visited the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a> and stayed with President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Home_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site">his private estate</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strong bond of friendship was forged between Roosevelt and the royal couple during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command,_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg/220px-Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg/440px-Royal_Air_Force_Bomber_Command%2C_1942-1945._CH20901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, and Princess Elizabeth with RAF personnel during World War II</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of Poland">German invasion of Poland</a> in September 1939, the United Kingdom and the self-governing Dominions <a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">other than Ireland</a> declared war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King and Queen resolved to stay in London, despite German <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">bombing raids</a>. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, although they usually spent nights at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first night of the Blitz on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the <a href="/wiki/East_End" class="mw-redirect" title="East End">East End</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 September, the couple narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In defiance, the Queen declared: "I am glad we have been bombed. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. They were subject to <a href="/wiki/British_rationing" class="mw-redirect" title="British rationing">British rationing</a> restrictions, and the U.S. first lady <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded-up Palace.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1942, the King's brother, the Duke of Kent, was killed on active service.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg/220px-King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg/330px-King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg/440px-King_George_VI_with_Sir_Bernard_Montgomery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>With Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a> (right), near the front lines in the Netherlands, October 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint <a href="/wiki/Lord_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Halifax">Lord Halifax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Beaverbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a> to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George related much of what the two discussed in his diary, which is the only extant first-hand account of these conversations.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the war, George and Elizabeth provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops. George visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> in June 1943, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Normandy</a> in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their high public profile and apparently indefatigable determination secured their place as symbols of national resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a social function in 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Imperial General Staff">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Brooke">Alan Brooke</a>, revealed that every time he met Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a>, he thought Montgomery was after his job. George replied: "You should worry, when I meet him, I always think he's after mine!"<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, crowds shouted "We want the King!" in front of Buckingham Palace during the <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a> celebrations. In an echo of Chamberlain's appearance, the King invited Churchill to appear with the royal family on the balcony to public acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1946, George addressed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations</a> at its first assembly, which was held in London, and reaffirmed "our faith in the equal rights of men and women and of nations great and small".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empire_to_Commonwealth">Empire to Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Empire to Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg/220px-Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg/330px-Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg/440px-Attlee_with_GeorgeVI_HU_59486.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>With Clement Attlee (left) at Buckingham Palace, July 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The Statute of Westminster 1931 had already acknowledged the evolution of the Dominions into separate <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> states. The process of transformation from an empire to a voluntary association of independent states, known as the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>, gathered pace after the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the ministry of <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> became the two independent Dominions of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in August 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George relinquished the title of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became King of India and King of Pakistan instead. In late April 1949, the Commonwealth leaders issued the <a href="/wiki/London_Declaration" title="London Declaration">London Declaration</a>, which laid the foundation of the modern Commonwealth and recognised George as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1950, he ceased to be King of India when it became a republic. He remained King of Pakistan until his death. Other countries left the Commonwealth, such as <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> in January 1948, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> (divided between Israel and the Arab states) in May 1948 and the Republic of Ireland in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947, George and his family toured southern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a>, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and referred to his South African bodyguards as "the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the tour, Smuts lost <a href="/wiki/1948_South_African_general_election" title="1948 South African general election">the election the following year</a>, and the new government instituted a <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">strict policy of racial segregation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_VI" title="Death and state funeral of George VI">Death and state funeral of George VI</a></div> <p>The stress of the war had taken its toll on George's health,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made worse by his heavy <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">smoking</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequent development of <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a> among other ailments, including <a href="/wiki/Arteriosclerosis" title="Arteriosclerosis">arteriosclerosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buerger%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Buerger's disease">Buerger's disease</a>. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after George developed an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_sympathectomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar sympathectomy">lumbar sympathectomy</a> in March 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His elder daughter and heir presumptive, Elizabeth, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Princess Elizabeth and her husband, <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, taking the place of the King and Queen. </p><p>George was well enough to open the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a> in May 1951, but on 4 June it was announced that he would need immediate and complete rest for the next four weeks, despite the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII of Norway</a> the following afternoon for an official visit.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 September 1951, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonectomy" title="Pneumonectomy">his left lung was removed</a> in a surgical operation performed by <a href="/wiki/Clement_Price_Thomas" title="Clement Price Thomas">Clement Price Thomas</a> after a malignant tumour was found.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1951, Elizabeth and Philip went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to George's illness. At the <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> in November, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Simonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Simonds">Lord Simonds</a>, read the King's <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">speech from the throne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Christmas broadcast</a> of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 January 1952, despite advice from those close to him, George went to <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London Airport</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to see Elizabeth and Philip off on their tour to Australia via Kenya. It was his last public appearance. Six days later, at 07:30 <a href="/wiki/GMT" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT">GMT</a> on the morning of 6 February, he was found dead in bed at Sandringham House in Norfolk.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had died in the night from a <a href="/wiki/Coronary_thrombosis" title="Coronary thrombosis">coronary thrombosis</a> at the age of 56.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter flew back to Britain from Kenya as Queen Elizabeth II.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 9 February George's coffin rested in St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, before <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a> at Westminster Hall from 11 February.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral took place at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a>, on the 15th.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred initially in the Royal Vault until he was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Memorial_Chapel" title="King George VI Memorial Chapel">King George VI Memorial Chapel</a> inside St George's on 26 March 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, fifty years after his death, the remains of his widow, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and the ashes of his younger daughter, Princess Margaret, who both died that year, were interred in the chapel alongside him.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the remains of Queen Elizabeth II and her husband, Prince Philip, were also interred in the chapel.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_VI" title="Cultural depictions of George VI">Cultural depictions of George VI</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg/170px-George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg/255px-George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg/340px-George_VI_-_Statue_-_Carlton_House_Terrace_-_London_-_310504.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Statue by <a href="/wiki/William_McMillan_(sculptor)" title="William McMillan (sculptor)">William McMillan</a> (1955) at <a href="/wiki/Carlton_House_Terrace" title="Carlton House Terrace">Carlton House Terrace</a>, Westminster</figcaption></figure> <p>In the words of <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) <a href="/wiki/George_Hardie_(politician)" title="George Hardie (politician)">George Hardie</a>, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne" and tried "to make it steady again".<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became king at a point when public faith in the monarchy was at a low ebb. During his reign, his people endured the hardships of war, and imperial power was eroded. However, as a dutiful family man and by showing personal courage, he succeeded in restoring the popularity of the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a> and the <a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a> were founded at the King's suggestion during the Second World War to recognise acts of exceptional civilian bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He bestowed the George Cross on the entire "<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">island fortress of Malta</a>" in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation" title="Order of Liberation">Order of Liberation</a> by the French government in 1960, one of only two people (the other being Churchill in 1958) to be awarded the medal after 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> won an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a> for his performance as George VI in the 2010 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_honours_and_arms"><span id="Titles.2C_honours_and_arms"></span>Titles, honours and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Titles, honours and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_George_VI" title="List of titles and honours of George VI">List of titles and honours of George VI</a></div> <p>As Duke of York, Albert bore the <a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal arms of the United Kingdom">royal arms of the United Kingdom</a> differenced with a <a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a> of three points <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a>, the centre point bearing an anchor <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>—a difference earlier awarded to his father, George V, when he was Duke of York, and then later awarded to his grandson <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a>. As king, he bore the royal arms undifferenced.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:692px;max-width:692px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert,_Duke_of_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg/183px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg/275px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg/366px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert%2C_Duke_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1430" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Coat of arms as Duke of York</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1901-1952).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/173px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="173" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/346px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Coat of arms as King of the United Kingdom</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_(1837-1952).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg/168px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg/252px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg/336px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281837-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Coat of arms in Scotland</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/152px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/228px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/304px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Coat of arms in Canada</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Name</th> <th rowspan="2">Birth</th> <th rowspan="2">Death</th> <th colspan="2">Marriage</th> <th rowspan="2">Children </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date</th> <th>Spouse </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td> <td>21 April 1926</td> <td><a href="/wiki/8_September_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="8 September 2022">8 September 2022</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten" title="Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten">20 November 1947</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a></td> <td>21 August 1930</td> <td>9 February 2002</td> <td>6 May 1960<br /><small>Divorced 11 July 1978</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon">Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Armstrong-Jones,_2nd_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon">David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sarah_Chatto" title="Lady Sarah Chatto">Lady Sarah Chatto</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark">Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of George VI<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII of the United Kingdom</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">George V of the United Kingdom</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Alexandra of Denmark">Princess Alexandra of Denmark</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>George VI of the United Kingdom</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Duke_Alexander_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg_(1804%E2%80%931885)" title="Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1804–1885)">Duke Alexander of Württemberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Teck" title="Francis, Duke of Teck">Francis, Duke of Teck</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Countess_Claudine_Rh%C3%A9dey_von_Kis-Rh%C3%A9de" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde">Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Victoria Mary of Teck">Princess Victoria Mary of Teck</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Adolphus,_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge">Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mary_Adelaide_of_Cambridge" title="Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge">Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From April 1949 until his death in 1952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George VI continued as titular Emperor of India until 22 June 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained head of state as <a href="/wiki/King_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="King of India">King of India</a> until the country <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">became a republic</a> on 26 January 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As monarch, George VI was <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a>. He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His godparents were: <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (his great-grandmother, for whom his grandmother the <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Princess of Wales</a> stood proxy); the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg">Grand Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Cambridge" title="Princess Augusta of Cambridge">Grand Duchess</a> of Mecklenburg (his maternal great-aunt and great-uncle, for whom his grandfather the <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Teck" title="Francis, Duke of Teck">Duke of Teck</a> and his paternal aunt <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maud_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maud of Wales">Princess Maud of Wales</a> stood proxy); <a href="/wiki/Empress_Frederick" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Frederick">Empress Frederick</a> (his paternal great-aunt, for whom his paternal aunt <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Victoria of Wales">Princess Victoria of Wales</a> stood proxy); the <a href="/wiki/Frederik_VIII_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik VIII of Denmark">Crown Prince of Denmark</a> (his great-uncle, for whom his grandfather the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Prince of Wales</a> stood proxy); the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Duke of Connaught</a> (his great-uncle); the <a href="/wiki/Louise,_Princess_Royal_and_Duchess_of_Fife" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife">Duchess of Fife</a> (his paternal aunt); and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Adolphus_of_Teck" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Adolphus of Teck">Prince Adolphus of Teck</a> (his maternal uncle).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGazette38330" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38330/page/3647">"No. 38330"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 22 June 1948. p. 3647.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+38330&rft.pages=3647&rft.date=1948-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F38330%2Fpage%2F3647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span> Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf">Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.</a> ('Section 7')</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayall2009" class="citation book cs1">Mayall, James, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbiNAgAAQBAJ&q=+%22On+independence+in+1947%2C+George+VI+became+%27King+of+India%27+until+the+adoption+of+republican+status+in+1950.%22"><i>The Contemporary Commonwealth: An Assessment 1965-2009</i></a>. London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor & Francis Group">Taylor & Francis Group</a>. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-23830-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-23830-8"><bdi>978-1-135-23830-8</bdi></a>. <q>On independence in 1947, George VI became 'King of India' until the adoption of republican status in 1950.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Commonwealth%3A+An+Assessment+1965-2009&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Routledge%3A+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-135-23830-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvbiNAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2B%2522On%2Bindependence%2Bin%2B1947%252C%2BGeorge%2BVI%2Bbecame%2B%2527King%2Bof%2BIndia%2527%2Buntil%2Bthe%2Badoption%2Bof%2Brepublican%2Bstatus%2Bin%2B1950.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James, p. 90; Weir, p. 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weir, pp. 322–323, 329</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judd, p. 3; Rhodes James, p. 90; Townsend, p. 15; Wheeler-Bennett, pp. 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judd, pp. 4–5; Wheeler-Bennett, pp. 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler-Bennett, pp. 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, Tuesday 18 February 1896, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judd, p. 6; Rhodes James, p. 90; Townsend, p. 15; Windsor, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler-Bennett, pp. 17–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushner2011" class="citation cs2">Kushner, Howard I. (2011), "Retraining the King's left hand", <i>The Lancet</i>, <b>377</b> (9782): 1998–1999, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960854-4">10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60854-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21671515">21671515</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35750495">35750495</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Retraining+the+King%27s+left+hand&rft.volume=377&rft.issue=9782&rft.pages=1998-1999&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35750495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21671515&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960854-4&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=Howard+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matthew-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-matthew_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-matthew_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-matthew_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthew" title="Colin Matthew">Matthew, H. C. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+London+Declaration+of+the+Commonwealth+Prime+Ministers%2C+April+28%2C+1949&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=351-354&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1949.tb00131.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1090506%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=S.+A.+de+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Queen Elizabeth II and the Royal Family: A Glorious Illustrated History</i>, Dorling Kindersley, 2016, p. 118, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221222826/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/article/1951-06-05/4/17.html#start%3D1951-01-01%26end%3D1952-01-01%26terms%3D%22The%20king%22%20AND%20%22lung%22%26back%3D/tto/archive/find/%252522The+king%252522+AND+%252522lung%252522/w:1951-01-01%7E1952-01-01/o:date/2%26prev%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522The+king%252522+AND+%252522lung%252522/w:1951-01-01%7E1952-01-01/o:date/16%26next%3D/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522The+king%252522+AND+%252522lung%252522/w:1951-01-01%7E1952-01-01/o:date/18">archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span></cite><span 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href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, p. 454; Rhodes James, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James, p. 331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhodes James, p. 334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003090808/http://www.heathrowairport.com/about-us/company-news-and-information/company-information/our-history">"Heathrow's history"</a>, <i>Heathrow Airport</i>, LHR Airports, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024852/http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html"><i>Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805</i></a>, Dean & Canons of Windsor, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/about-st-georges/royal-connection/burial/burials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Burials+in+the+Chapel+since+1805&rft.pub=Dean+%26+Canons+of+Windsor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgeorges-windsor.org%2Fabout-st-georges%2Froyal-connection%2Fburial%2Fburials-in-the-chapel-since-1805.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1920360.stm">"Mourners visit Queen Mother's vault"</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, 10 April 2002, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207174725/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1920360.stm">archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mourners+visit+Queen+Mother%27s+vault&rft.date=2002-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F1920360.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardie in the British House of Commons, 11 December 1936, quoted in Rhodes James, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from George VI to the Duke of Windsor, quoted in Rhodes James, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Ashley_(writer)" title="Mike Ashley (writer)">Ashley, Mike</a> (1998), <i>British Monarchs</i>, London: Robinson, pp. 703–704, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a 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London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79667-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79667-1"><bdi>978-0-297-79667-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+George+VI&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-297-79667-1&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowarth1987" class="citation book cs1">Howarth, Patrick (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780091710002"><i>George VI</i></a></span>. Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-171000-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-171000-2"><bdi>978-0-09-171000-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+VI&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-09-171000-2&rft.aulast=Howarth&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780091710002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudd1982" class="citation book cs1">Judd, Denis (1982). <i>King George VI</i>. London: Michael Joseph. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-2184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-2184-6"><bdi>978-0-7181-2184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+George+VI&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-7181-2184-6&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthew" title="Colin Matthew">Matthew, H. C. G.</a> (2004). "George VI (1895–1952)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F33370">10.1093/ref:odnb/33370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=George+VI+%281895%E2%80%931952%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F33370&rft.aulast=Matthew&rft.aufirst=H.+C.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes_James1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rhodes_James" title="Robert Rhodes James">Rhodes James, Robert</a> (1998). <i>A Spirit Undaunted: The Political Role of George VI</i>. London: Little, Brown and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-64765-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-64765-6"><bdi>978-0-316-64765-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Spirit+Undaunted%3A+The+Political+Role+of+George+VI&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-316-64765-6&rft.aulast=Rhodes+James&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawcross2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Shawcross" title="William Shawcross">Shawcross, William</a> (2009). <i>Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: The Official Biography</i>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4859-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4050-4859-0"><bdi>978-1-4050-4859-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Elizabeth+The+Queen+Mother%3A+The+Official+Biography&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4050-4859-0&rft.aulast=Shawcross&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1988" class="citation book cs1">Sinclair, David (1988). <i>Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy</i>. Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-33240-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-33240-5"><bdi>978-0-340-33240-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Georges%3A+The+Making+of+the+Modern+Monarchy&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-340-33240-5&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Townsend_(RAF_officer)" title="Peter Townsend (RAF officer)">Townsend, Peter</a> (1975). <i>The Last Emperor</i>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77031-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77031-2"><bdi>978-0-297-77031-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Emperor&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-297-77031-2&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers2006" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Hugo (2006). <i>Elizabeth: The Queen Mother</i>. Arrow Books/Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-947662-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-947662-7"><bdi>978-0-09-947662-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%3A+The+Queen+Mother&rft.pub=Arrow+Books%2FRandom+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-09-947662-7&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler-Bennett1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wheeler-Bennett" title="John Wheeler-Bennett">Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John</a> (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kinggeorgevihisl00whee"><i>King George VI: His Life and Reign</i></a>. New York: St Martin's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+George+VI%3A+His+Life+and+Reign&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Wheeler-Bennett&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkinggeorgevihisl00whee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Weir_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alison Weir (historian)">Weir, Alison</a> (1996). <i>Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, Revised Edition</i>. London: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7448-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7448-5"><bdi>978-0-7126-7448-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Royal+Families%3A+The+Complete+Genealogy%2C+Revised+Edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-7448-5&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindsor1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Windsor, The Duke of</a> (1951). <i>A King's Story</i>. London: Cassell & Co Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+King%27s+Story&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Windsor&rft.aufirst=The+Duke+of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Ziegler" title="Philip Ziegler">Ziegler, Philip</a> (1990). <i>King Edward VIII: The Official Biography</i>. London: Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-215741-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-215741-4"><bdi>978-0-00-215741-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Edward+VIII%3A+The+Official+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-00-215741-4&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_VI&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">37</span> 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height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-George_VI-article.ogg" title="File:En-George VI-article.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 12 July 2014<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2014-07-12</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>George VI</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="c:George VI of the United Kingdom">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="q:George VI of the United Kingdom">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="s:Author:George VI of the United Kingdom">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/q280856" class="extiw" title="d:q280856">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/george-vi">George VI</a> at the website of the Royal Family</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/people/king-george-vi-king-of-the-united-kingdom-1895-1952#/type/subject">George VI</a> at the website of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1TubkzxPFY"><span class="plainlinks">Footage of King George VI stammering in a 1938 speech</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-vlrXBqGw8"><span class="plainlinks">Soundtrack of King George VI Coronation speech in 1937</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp01753">Portraits of King George VI</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280856#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/005986">Newspaper clippings about George VI</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>George VI </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 14 December 1895</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 6 February 1952</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> </b><br />1936–1952 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a><sup>1</sup> </b><br />1936–1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Masonic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Colquhoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Iain Colquhoun">Iain Colquhoun</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grand_Masters_of_the_Grand_Lodge_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of Scotland">Grand Master Mason of the Grand Lodge of Scotland</a> </b><br />1936–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Orr-Ewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Orr-Ewing">Norman Orr-Ewing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Air_commodore-in-chief" title="Air commodore-in-chief">Air commodore-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary Air Force">Auxiliary Air Force</a> </b><br />1936–1952 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a> </b><br />1949–1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Air_commodore-in-chief" title="Air commodore-in-chief">Air commodore-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a> </b><br />1941–1952 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">The Duke of Edinburgh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;"><small><b>Notes and references</b></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><small>1. <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Indian Empire</a> dissolved 15 August 1947. Title abandoned 22 June 1948 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette38330" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38330/page/3647">"No. 38330"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 22 June 1948. p. 3647.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+38330&rft.pages=3647&rft.date=1948-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F38330%2Fpage%2F3647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+VI" class="Z3988"></span>)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_VI" title="Template:George VI"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_VI" title="Template talk:George VI"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_VI" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George VI"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_VI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion#Dominions" title="Dominion">British Dominions</a> (1936–1952), <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a> (1936–1947)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dominions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_head_of_state_from_1922_to_1949" title="Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood">Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_John_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prince John of the United Kingdom">Prince John</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Albert_and_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon" title="Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_George_VI" title="Proclamation of accession of George VI">Proclamation of accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_George_VI_and_Elizabeth" title="Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_processions_of_George_VI" title="List of participants in the coronation processions of George VI">Participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Coronation_Honours" title="1937 Coronation Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal" title="King George VI Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewsey_White_Horse" title="Pewsey White Horse">Pewsey White Horse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_overseas_trips_made_by_George_VI" title="List of official overseas trips made by George VI">State and official visits made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1939_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="1939 royal tour of Canada">1939 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_George_VI" title="List of state visits received by George VI">State visits received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_VI" title="Death and state funeral of George VI">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_George_VI" title="List of prime ministers of George VI">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperor of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent,_1947" title="Letters Patent, 1947">Letters Patent, 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_George_VI" title="List of titles and honours of George VI">Titles and honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_VI" title="Cultural depictions of George VI">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Radio addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#George_VI" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_and_Elizabeth" title="Bertie and Elizabeth"><i>Bertie and Elizabeth</i> (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill:_The_Hollywood_Years" title="Churchill: The Hollywood Years"><i>Churchill: The Hollywood Years</i> (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_%26_Edward" title="Wallis & Edward"><i>Wallis & Edward</i> (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech"><i>The King's Speech</i> (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E."><i>W.E.</i> (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_on_Hudson" title="Hyde Park on Hudson"><i>Hyde Park on Hudson</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Royal_Night_Out" title="A Royal Night Out"><i>A Royal Night Out</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)"><i>The Crown</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkest_Hour_(film)" title="Darkest Hour (film)"><i>Darkest Hour</i> (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech_(play)" title="The King's Speech (play)"><i>The King's Speech</i> (2012)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_at_the_Royal_Lodge,_Windsor" title="Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor"><i>Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor</i> (1950)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Statues and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Memorial" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial">King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_VI,_Hong_Kong" title="Statue of George VI, Hong Kong">Statue of George VI, Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_(novel)" title="Fatherland (novel)"><i>Fatherland</i> (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston%27s_War" title="Winston's War"><i>Winston's War</i> (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech:_How_One_Man_Saved_the_British_Monarchy" title="The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy"><i>The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy</i> (2010)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_George_VI" title="Royal Family Order of George VI">Royal Family Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order_appointed_by_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order appointed by George VI">Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_and_Dames_Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order_appointed_by_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Knights and Dames Commander of the Royal Victorian Order appointed by George VI">Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Bridge" title="King George VI Bridge">King George VI Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gate_of_the_Year" title="The Gate of the Year">The Gate of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_station" title="King George station">King George station (Surrey, British Columbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth_Stakes" title="King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes">King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Chase" title="King George VI Chase">King George VI Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Reservoir" title="King George VI Reservoir">King George VI Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI_Sound" title="George VI Sound">George VI Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">← Edward VIII</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II →</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_and_topics_related_to_George_VI" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_and_topics_related_to_George_VI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles and topics related to George VI</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English,_Scottish_and_British_monarchs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English,_Scottish_and_British_monarchs" title="Template:English, Scottish and British monarchs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English,_Scottish_and_British_monarchs" title="Template talk:English, Scottish and British monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English,_Scottish_and_British_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English, Scottish and British monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English,_Scottish_and_British_monarchs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">British</a> monarchs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Monarchs of England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Monarchs of Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfweard_of_Wessex" title="Ælfweard of Wessex">Ælfweard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">Eadwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_England" title="Edgar, King of England">Edgar the Peaceful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Martyr" title="Edward the Martyr">Edward the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside" title="Edmund Ironside">Edmund Ironside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Godwinson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgar_%C3%86theling" title="Edgar Ætheling">Edgar Ætheling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">Stephen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young King</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Jane</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin" title="Kenneth MacAlpin">Kenneth I MacAlpin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domnall_mac_Ailp%C3%ADn" title="Domnall mac Ailpín">Donald I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Causant%C3%ADn_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Causantín mac Cináeda">Constantine I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Áed mac Cináeda">Áed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giric" title="Giric">Giric</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_ab_Rhun" title="Eochaid ab Rhun">Eochaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_II_of_Scotland" title="Donald II of Scotland">Donald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Scotland" title="Constantine II of Scotland">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm I of Scotland">Malcolm I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulf" title="Indulf">Indulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub,_King_of_Scotland" title="Dub, King of Scotland">Dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuil%C3%A9n" title="Cuilén">Cuilén</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb,_King_of_Scotland" title="Amlaíb, King of Scotland">Amlaíb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_II_of_Scotland" title="Kenneth II of Scotland">Kenneth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_of_Scotland" title="Constantine III of Scotland">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_III_of_Scotland" title="Kenneth III of Scotland">Kenneth III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm II of Scotland">Malcolm II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" title="Duncan I of Scotland">Duncan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotland" title="Macbeth, King of Scotland">Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulach" title="Lulach">Lulach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm III of Scotland">Malcolm III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_III_of_Scotland" title="Donald III of Scotland">Donald III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_II_of_Scotland" title="Duncan II of Scotland">Duncan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_Scotland" title="Edgar, King of Scotland">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotland" title="Alexander I of Scotland">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm IV of Scotland">Malcolm IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Balliol" title="Edward Balliol">Edward Balliol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland" title="Robert II of Scotland">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland" title="Robert III of Scotland">Robert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland" title="James II of Scotland">James II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_V" title="James V">James V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Monarchs_of_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_1603"> <ul><li><b>Monarchs of England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I & VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">The Protectorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II & VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III & II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_II" title="Mary II">Mary II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_monarchs_after_the_Acts_of_Union_1707"> <ul><li><b>British monarchs after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_princes" title="Template:British princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_princes" title="Template talk:British princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_prince" title="British prince">British princes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a>, who formalised the use of the titles <i>prince</i> and <i>princess</i> for members of the British royal family.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">King George II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_William_of_Great_Britain" title="Prince George William of Great Britain">Prince George William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cumberland" title="Prince William, Duke of Cumberland">Prince William, Duke of Cumberland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh" title="Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh">Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Cumberland_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn">Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_Great_Britain" title="Prince Frederick of Great Britain">Prince Frederick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">King George IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV" title="William IV">King William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_King_of_Hanover" title="Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover">King Ernest Augustus of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Adolphus,_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge">Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Octavius_of_Great_Britain" title="Prince Octavius of Great Britain">Prince Octavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfred_of_Great_Britain" title="Prince Alfred of Great Britain">Prince Alfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Frederick,_Duke_of_Gloucester_and_Edinburgh" title="Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh">Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Hanover" title="George V of Hanover">King George V of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Prince George, Duke of Cambridge">Prince George, Duke of Cambridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">King Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Crown_Prince_of_Hanover" title="Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover">Prince Ernest Augustus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_John_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Alexander John of Wales">Prince Alexander John of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught" title="Prince Arthur of Connaught">Prince Arthur of Connaught</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Crown_Prince_of_Hanover#Issue" title="Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover">Prince George William of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Crown_Prince_of_Hanover#Issue" title="Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover">Prince Christian of Hanover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick">Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_John_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prince John of the United Kingdom">Prince John</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Windsor,_2nd_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Leopold,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hubertus_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_(pilot)" title="Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (pilot)">Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernest_Augustus_of_Hanover_(born_1914)" title="Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1914)">Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_William_of_Hanover" title="Prince George William of Hanover">Prince George William of Hanover</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Gloucester" title="Prince William of Gloucester">Prince William of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James,_Earl_of_Wessex" title="James, Earl of Wessex">James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales" title="Prince George of Wales">Prince George of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Wales" title="Prince Louis of Wales">Prince Louis of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Archie_of_Sussex" title="Prince Archie of Sussex">Prince Archie of Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Not a British prince by birth, but created <a href="/wiki/Prince_consort" title="Prince consort">Prince Consort</a>. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom.<br /><i>Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Windsor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Windsor_family" title="Template:Windsor family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Windsor_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Windsor family (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Windsor_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Windsor family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Windsor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Generations are numbered by their descent from <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood">Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George, Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_John_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prince John of the United Kingdom">Prince John</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg/75px-Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg/113px-Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg/150px-Badge_of_the_House_of_Windsor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="715" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Kent">Prince Edward, Duke of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy" title="Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy">Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Gloucester" title="Prince William of Gloucester">Prince William of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Windsor,_Earl_of_St_Andrews" title="George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews">George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Helen_Taylor" title="Lady Helen Taylor">Lady Helen Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Nicholas_Windsor" title="Lord Nicholas Windsor">Lord Nicholas Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Windsor,_Earl_of_Ulster" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster">Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Davina_Windsor" title="Lady Davina Windsor">Lady Davina Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Windsor" title="Lord Frederick Windsor">Lord Frederick Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Rose_Gilman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Rose Gilman">Lady Rose Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gabriella_Kingston" title="Lady Gabriella Kingston">Lady Gabriella Kingston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Beatrice" title="Princess Beatrice">Princess Beatrice</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Windsor,_Lord_Downpatrick" title="Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick">Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Eugenie" title="Princess Eugenie">Princess Eugenie</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Marina_Windsor" title="Lady Marina Windsor">Lady Marina Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Amelia_Windsor" title="Lady Amelia Windsor">Lady Amelia Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsor" title="Lady Louise Windsor">Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xan_Windsor,_Lord_Culloden" class="mw-redirect" title="Xan Windsor, Lord Culloden">Xan Windsor, Lord Culloden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Windsor">Albert Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_Earl_of_Wessex" title="James, Earl of Wessex">James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Windsor">Leopold Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cosima_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Cosima Windsor">Lady Cosima Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maud Windsor">Maud Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Windsor">Louis Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Windsor" title="Lord Frederick Windsor">Isabella Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales" title="Prince George of Wales">Prince George of Wales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)" title="Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)">Princess Charlotte of Wales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Wales" title="Prince Louis of Wales">Prince Louis of Wales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Archie_of_Sussex" title="Prince Archie of Sussex">Prince Archie of Sussex</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lilibet_of_Sussex" title="Princess Lilibet of Sussex">Princess Lilibet of Sussex</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>*Descendant of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and therefor a member of the house of <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten-Windsor" title="Mountbatten-Windsor">Mountbatten-Windsor</a>, yet officially considered members of the house of Windsor</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_York" title="Template:Dukes of York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_York" title="Template talk:Dukes of York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Dukes of York</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley</a> (1385–1402)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward,_2nd_Duke_of_York" title="Edward, 2nd Duke of York">Edward of Norwich</a> (1402–1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Plantagenet</a> (1415–1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward of York</a> (1460–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard of Shrewsbury</a> (1474–1483)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry</a> (1494–1509)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles</a> (1605–1625)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James</a> (1633/1644–1685)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany">Ernest Augustus</a> (1716–1728)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany">Edward</a> (1760–1767)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Frederick</a> (1784–1827)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George</a> (1892–1910)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Albert</a> (1920–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Andrew</a> (1986–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>italics denote <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Duke of York and Albany">Dukes of York and Albany</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Template:Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Template talk:Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forefather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Duke Francis I</a>*</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_I,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Duke Ernest I</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Ferdinand</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">King Leopold I of the Belgians</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ducal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Duke Ernest II</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert, Prince Consort of the United Kingdom</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha-Koh%C3%A1ry" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry">Koháry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand II of Portugal">King Ferdinand II of Portugal and the Algarves</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince August</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Leopold</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe,_Crown_Prince_of_Belgium" title="Louis Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium">Crown Prince Louis Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">King Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders">Prince Philippe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">King Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Duke Alfred I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza-Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_V_of_Portugal" title="Pedro V of Portugal">King Pedro V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">King Luís I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jo%C3%A3o,_Duke_of_Beja" title="Infante João, Duke of Beja">Infante João</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Fernando_of_Portugal" title="Infante Fernando of Portugal">Infante Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Augusto,_Duke_of_Coimbra" title="Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra">Infante Augusto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koháry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philipp_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Philipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_August_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Ludwig August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Tsar Ferdinand I of the Bulgarians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant">Prince Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Baudouin_of_Belgium" title="Prince Baudouin of Belgium">Prince Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Hereditary Prince Alfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur_of_Connaught" title="Prince Arthur of Connaught">Prince Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Duke Charles Edward I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">King Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Duke_of_Porto" title="Afonso, Duke of Porto">Infante Afonso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koháry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold_Clement_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Leopold Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pedro_Augusto_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Pedro Augusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_August_Leopold_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince August Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Joseph Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Joseph Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Gaston_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Ludwig Gaston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria" title="Boris III of Bulgaria">Tsar Boris III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiril,_Prince_of_Preslav" title="Kiril, Prince of Preslav">Prince Kiril</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium" title="Leopold III of Belgium">King Leopold III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Prince Charles, Count of Flanders">Prince Charles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_John_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prince John of the United Kingdom">Prince John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Windsor,_2nd_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Prince Alastair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ducal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Leopold,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hubertus_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_(pilot)" title="Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (pilot)">Prince Hubertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Josias,_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Friedrich Josias, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Friedrich Josias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Filipe,_Prince_Royal_of_Portugal" title="Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal">Prince Luís Filipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Portugal" title="Manuel II of Portugal">King Manuel II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koháry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Rainer_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Rainer of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Rainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philipp_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_(1901%E2%80%931985)" title="Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1901–1985)">Prince Philipp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" title="Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha">Tsar Simeon II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium" title="Baudouin of Belgium">King Baudouin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">King Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexandre_of_Belgium" title="Prince Alexandre of Belgium">Prince Alexandre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ducal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas,_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Andreas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koháry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Johannes_Heinrich_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Johannes Heinrich of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Johannes Heinrich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kardam,_Prince_of_Tarnovo" title="Kardam, Prince of Tarnovo">Prince Kardam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyril,_Prince_of_Preslav" title="Kyril, Prince of Preslav">Prince Kyril</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">King Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Laurent_of_Belgium" title="Prince Laurent of Belgium">Prince Laurent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ducal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hubertus,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Hubertus, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Hubertus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koháry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Johannes_Heinrich_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha#_Life" title="Prince Johannes Heinrich of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Johannes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" title="Boris Saxe-Coburg-Gotha">Prince Boris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gabriel_of_Belgium" title="Prince Gabriel of Belgium">Prince Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emmanuel_of_Belgium" title="Prince Emmanuel of Belgium">Prince Emmanuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*Titled as Princes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld before 11 February 1826</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchy_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template talk:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchy_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of British Columbia">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Alberta">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Ontario">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Quebec">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Territorial Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Vice-Regal_Appointments" title="Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments">Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces">The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright#Canada" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial and symbolic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapels_Royal#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapels Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(18th%E2%80%9320th_centuries)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (18th–20th centuries)">1786–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(21st_century)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (21st century)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch" title="Special address by the British monarch">Special address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Canadian sovereign">Title and style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Canadian Coronation Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Canadian Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">History of monarchy in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Debate on the monarchy in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emperors_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emperors_of_India" title="Template:Emperors of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emperors_of_India" title="Template talk:Emperors of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emperors_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emperors of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emperors_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_India" title="Emperor of India">Emperors of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Heads of State of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_State_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Heads of State of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of State of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Pakistan" title="List of heads of state of Pakistan">Heads of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarch (1947–1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/90px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President (from 1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (general)">A. Khan</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Y. Khan</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ilahi_Chaudhry" title="Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry">Chaudhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">G. Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasim_Sajjad" title="Wasim Sajjad">Sajjad</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Leghari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasim_Sajjad" title="Wasim Sajjad">Sajjad</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafiq_Tarar" title="Muhammad Rafiq Tarar">Tarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Musharraf</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Soomro" title="Muhammad Mian Soomro">Soomro</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamnoon_Hussain" title="Mamnoon Hussain">Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Alvi" title="Arif Alvi">Alvi</a></li> <li>Zardari</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>§Head of the military regime  *Acting President</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_State_of_Ceylon_and_Sri_Lanka" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Ceylon_and_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Heads of State of Ceylon and Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_State_of_Ceylon_and_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Heads of State of Ceylon and Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_State_of_Ceylon_and_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of State of Ceylon and Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_State_of_Ceylon_and_Sri_Lanka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heads of state of Sri Lanka">Heads of State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Monarch of Ceylon</a> (1948–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceylon_(1951%E2%80%931972).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ceylon_(1951%E2%80%931972).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/90px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">President of Sri Lanka</a> (from 1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gopallawa" title="William Gopallawa">Gopallawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Jayewardene" title="J. R. Jayewardene">Jayewardene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingiri_Banda_Wijetunga" title="Dingiri Banda Wijetunga">Wijetunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Kumaratunga" title="Chandrika Kumaratunga">Kumaratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Rajapaksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithripala_Sirisena" title="Maithripala Sirisena">Sirisena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of State of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_State_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Africa" title="List of heads of state of South Africa">Heads of State</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">Monarch</a> (1910–1961)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a> (1961–1994)<br />(under <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Swart" title="C. R. Swart">Charles Robberts Swart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_D%C3%B6nges" title="Eben Dönges">Eben Dönges</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Naud%C3%A9" title="Tom Naudé">Tom Naudé</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fouch%C3%A9" title="Jim Fouché">Jim Fouché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Klerk" title="Jan de Klerk">Jan de Klerk</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Diederichs" title="Nico Diederichs">Nico Diederichs</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_Viljoen" title="Marais Viljoen">Marais Viljoen</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vorster" title="John Vorster">John Vorster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_Viljoen" title="Marais Viljoen">Marais Viljoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._W._Botha" title="P. W. Botha">P. W. Botha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a> (from 1994)<br />(post-Apartheid)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Presidency of Nelson Mandela">1994-1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Thabo_Mbeki" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Thabo Mbeki">1999-2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Matsepe-Casaburri" title="Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri">Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a> (2008-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jacob_Zuma" title="Presidency of Jacob Zuma">2009-2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (2018-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>†Died in office *Acting President</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/20px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/21px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/32px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/42px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280856#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280856#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280856#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000410249563">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8330386">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/7955/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGTdbGVyWRhc3H7p4jG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118690477">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50024182">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140374066">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140374066">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001115765">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="George VI <re di Gran Bretagna>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V308106">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36542954">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2011627930&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07013345X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90266903">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000189040&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq4678mb4d3wfv5">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810670180005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261639505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10815645?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500356596">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/65213ed3-8453-48e8-918f-828dc11dc6b5">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1282785">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118690477.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118690477">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084554436">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582213">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k45ndm">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/33816">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30089190">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_VI&oldid=1259853207">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_VI&oldid=1259853207</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_VI" title="Category:George VI">George VI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1895_births" title="Category:1895 births">1895 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_deaths" title="Category:1952 deaths">1952 deaths</a></li><li><a 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descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_royalty_and_nobility_with_disabilities" title="Category:British royalty and nobility with disabilities">British royalty and nobility with disabilities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" title="Category:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chief_Commanders_of_the_Legion_of_Merit" title="Category:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit">Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_George_V" title="Category:Children of George V">Children of George V</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Liberation" title="Category:Companions of the Liberation">Companions of the Liberation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_coronary_thrombosis" title="Category:Deaths from coronary thrombosis">Deaths from coronary thrombosis</a></li><li><a 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