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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" class="jsx-3080627139"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Podcast Guru" class="jsx-3080627139"/><title class="jsx-3162370740">Throughline | Podcast Guru</title><meta name="description" content="The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<br><br><em>Subscribe to Throughline+. You'll be supporting the history-reframing, perspective-shifting, time-warping stories you can't get enough of - and you'll unlock access bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org/throughline</em>" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta property="og:title" content="Throughline | Podcast Guru" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta property="og:description" content="The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<br><br><em>Subscribe to Throughline+. You'll be supporting the history-reframing, perspective-shifting, time-warping stories you can't get enough of - and you'll unlock access bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org/throughline</em>" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400&c=66&f=jpg" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1535235039" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://app.podcastguru.io/podcast/throughline-1451109634" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Throughline | Podcast Guru" class="jsx-3162370740"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<br><br><em>Subscribe to Throughline+. You'll be supporting the history-reframing, perspective-shifting, time-warping stories you can't get enough of - and you'll unlock access bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening. 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.h-100{height:100%}.w-100{width:100%}.text-align-center{text-align:center}.d-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.a-i-center{-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.skeleton-box{-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;background-color:#e2e3e4}.skeleton-box-dark{background-color:#999999}.skeleton-text-line{width:100%;height:10px}.skeleton-text-line-short{width:70%}.skeleton-button{width:134px;height:42px;-webkit-border-radius:21px;-moz-border-radius:21px;border-radius:21px}#nprogress .bar{background:#9c27b0!important;height:3px}#nprogress .peg{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px #9c27b0,0 0 5px #9c27b0;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 10px #9c27b0,0 0 5px #9c27b0;box-shadow:0 0 10px #9c27b0,0 0 5px #9c27b0}#nprogress .spinner-icon{border-top-color:#9c27b0;border-left-color:#9c27b0}</style><div id="__next"><audio></audio><div class="jsx-3162370740 min-page-height"><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-banner"><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-image"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="Throughline"/></div><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-title-container"><div class="jsx-3162370740 container"><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-title-container-inner"><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-artwork"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="Throughline" width="100%" height="100%"/></div><div class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-title"><h1 class="jsx-3162370740 light">Throughline</h1><p class="jsx-3162370740 podcast-artist">NPR</p></div><button class="subscribe-button btn btn-text"><img src="/img/icons/oval-light.svg" alt="oval" width="20"/></button></div></div></div></div><div class="jsx-3162370740 container pt-lg"><div class="jsx-daf139eb9a77b6da tabs-container"><div class="jsx-2082973293 tab active"><div class="jsx-2082973293 tab-inner">Overview</div></div><div class="jsx-2082973293 tab"><div class="jsx-2082973293 tab-inner">Episodes</div></div></div></div><div class="jsx-3162370740"><div class="jsx-1632631828 details-banner pt-lg pb-sm"><div class="jsx-1632631828 container"><h3 class="jsx-1632631828">Details</h3><div class="jsx-1632631828 details mt-md mb-sm">The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<br><br><em>Subscribe to Throughline+. You'll be supporting the history-reframing, perspective-shifting, time-warping stories you can't get enough of - and you'll unlock access bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org/throughline</em></div><button class="jsx-1632631828 btn-text">Read More</button></div></div><div class="jsx-3162370740 container"><div class="jsx-2110a593e28eb586 episode-list"><div class="jsx-2110a593e28eb586 episode-list-title-container"><h3 class="jsx-2110a593e28eb586 episode-list-title">Recent Episodes</h3></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-artwork-container"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/a-history-of-hezbollah-15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/27/gettyimages-12328883042_sq-0f7148989bba35edad1b2fc9586126c156313d7f.jpg?s=1900&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="A History of Hezbollah" class="artwork"/></a><div class="jsx-3676333407 date">MAR 28, 2024<!-- --></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-info"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/a-history-of-hezbollah-15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-title">A History of Hezbollah</div><div class="jsx-3676333407 summary">Hezbollah is a Lebanese paramilitary organization and political party that's directly supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the wake of the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, and Israel's invasion of Gaza, Hezbollah and Israel have been exchanging missile fire across the border they share, causing growing fears of a regional conflict with the U.S. and Israel on one side and Iran along with its allies in Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi rebels of Yemen on the other.<br/><br/>Learn more about sponsor message choices: <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a><br/><br/><a href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy">NPR Privacy Policy</a></div></a></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-play"><img class="mb-sm cursor-pointer" src="/img/icons/play-circle-dark.svg" alt="play-circle"/><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-duration">49 MIN</div></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-artwork-container"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/the-great-textbook-war-c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/19/gettyimages-3301916_sq-8904b0be6b3d07dfcc2e3bcf4195f1454ae3a163.jpg?s=1900&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="The Great Textbook War" class="artwork"/></a><div class="jsx-3676333407 date">MAR 21, 2024<!-- --></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-info"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/the-great-textbook-war-c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-title">The Great Textbook War</div><div class="jsx-3676333407 summary">What is school for? Over a hundred years ago, a man named Harold Rugg published a series of textbooks that encouraged students to confront the thorniest parts of U.S. history: to identify problems, and try and solve them. And it was just as controversial as the fights we're seeing today. In this episode: a media mogul, a textbook author, and a battle over what students should – or shouldn't – learn in school.<br/><br/>Learn more about sponsor message choices: <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a><br/><br/><a href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy">NPR Privacy Policy</a></div></a></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-play"><img class="mb-sm cursor-pointer" src="/img/icons/play-circle-dark.svg" alt="play-circle"/><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-duration">47 MIN</div></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-artwork-container"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/radiolab-worst-year-ever-489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/22/worstyearever_episode-image-1-_sq-0bcd27619ad6f482b88f4239cbedc0aff620028c.jpg?s=1900&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever" class="artwork"/></a><div class="jsx-3676333407 date">MAR 19, 2024<!-- --></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-info"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/radiolab-worst-year-ever-489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-title">Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever</div><div class="jsx-3676333407 summary">What was the worst year to be alive on planet Earth? We make the case for 536 AD, which set off a cascade of catastrophes that is almost too horrible to imagine. A supervolcano. The disappearance of shadows. A failure of bread. Plague rats. Using evidence painstakingly gathered around the world - from Mongolian tree rings to Greenlandic ice cores to Mayan artifacts - we paint a portrait of what scientists and historians think went wrong, and what we think it felt like to be there in real time. (Spoiler: not so hot.) We hear a hymn for the dead from the ancient kingdom of Axum, the closest we can get to the sound of grief from a millennium and a half ago.<br/><br/>The horrors of 536 make us wonder about the parallels and perpendiculars with our own time: does it make you feel any better knowing that your suffering is part of a global crisis? Or does it just make things worse?" <br/><br/>This week we're sharing a bonus episode from <a href="https://radiolab.org/podcast/worst-year-ever">Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever. </a><br><br/><br/>Learn more about sponsor message choices: <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a><br/><br/><a href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy">NPR Privacy Policy</a></div></a></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-play"><img class="mb-sm cursor-pointer" src="/img/icons/play-circle-dark.svg" alt="play-circle"/><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-duration">38 MIN</div></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-artwork-container"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/a-symphony-of-resistance-throwback-cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/13/gettyimages-108994884_sq-913b16f0454c3ff87541c4a7426e5823b57891e9.jpg?s=1900&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="A Symphony of Resistance (Throwback)" class="artwork"/></a><div class="jsx-3676333407 date">MAR 14, 2024<!-- --></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-info"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/a-symphony-of-resistance-throwback-cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-title">A Symphony of Resistance (Throwback)</div><div class="jsx-3676333407 summary">In 2011, the world was shaken by the Arab Spring, a wave of "pro-democracy" protests that spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The effects of the uprisings reverberated around the world as regimes fell in some countries, and civil war began in others. This week, we revisit the years leading up to the Arab Spring and its lasting impact on three people who lived through it.<br/><br/><em>To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at </em><a href="http://plus.npr.org/throughline"><em>plus.npr.org/throughline</em></a><em>.</em><br/><br/>Learn more about sponsor message choices: <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a><br/><br/><a href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy">NPR Privacy Policy</a></div></a></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-play"><img class="mb-sm cursor-pointer" src="/img/icons/play-circle-dark.svg" alt="play-circle"/><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-duration">55 MIN</div></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-artwork-container"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/the-rise-of-the-right-wing-in-israel-4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5"><img src="https://us-central1-podcastguru-217d6.cloudfunctions.net/gcf_get_image?image_url=https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/06/gettyimages-1244329649_sq-ebec4d587b2f262e97de315b2c4ee36e4c735434.jpg?s=1900&c=66&f=jpg&width=300&height=300&api_key=xqFmUFX5BHLBTA" alt="The Rise of the Right Wing in Israel" class="artwork"/></a><div class="jsx-3676333407 date">MAR 7, 2024<!-- --></div></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-info"><a class="jsx-3676333407 no-style" href="/podcast/throughline-1451109634/episode/the-rise-of-the-right-wing-in-israel-4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5"><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-title">The Rise of the Right Wing in Israel</div><div class="jsx-3676333407 summary">For most of its early history, Israel was dominated by left-leaning, secular politicians. But today, the right is in power. Its politicians represent a movement that uses a religious framework to define Israel and its borders, and that has aggressively resisted a two-state solution with Palestinians. And its government – led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — is waging a war in Gaza which, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, has killed over 30,000 people, many of them children. The government launched the war in response to the October 7th, 2023 Hamas-led attack that, according to Israeli authorities, killed over 1,200 Israelis with an additional 250 being taken hostage.This is not the first time that tension has erupted into violence. But the dominance of right-wing thinkers in Israeli politics is pivotal to how the war has unfolded. On today's episode: the story of Israel's rightward shift.<br/><br/><em>Correction: In a previous version of this episode, we said incorrectly that Benjamin Netanyahu was born in 1948. He was born in 1949.</em><br/><br/>To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.<br/><br/>Learn more about sponsor message choices: <a href="https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices">podcastchoices.com/adchoices</a><br/><br/><a href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy">NPR Privacy Policy</a></div></a></div><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-play"><img class="mb-sm cursor-pointer" src="/img/icons/play-circle-dark.svg" alt="play-circle"/><div class="jsx-3676333407 episode-duration">53 MIN</div></div></div></div><div class="jsx-3162370740 text-align-center mt-lg mb-lg"><button class="jsx-3162370740 btn-text btn-text-barney">See all episodes</button></div></div></div></div><footer class="jsx-2402283764 footer-wrapper"><div class="jsx-2402283764 container pt-md pb-md"><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-wrapper-inner"><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-left"><img height="64px" src="/img/podcastguru-logo.svg" alt="Podcast Guru Logo"/><div class="jsx-2098791354 language-select"><select class="jsx-2098791354"><option value="en" class="jsx-2098791354" selected="">English<!-- --></option><option value="tr" class="jsx-2098791354">Türkçe<!-- --></option><option value="ru" class="jsx-2098791354">Pусский<!-- --></option></select><div class="jsx-2098791354 select-icon-container"><img src="/img/icons/down-light.svg" alt="down"/></div></div><a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/podcast-guru/id1535235039" target="_blank" class="jsx-2402283764"><img src="/img/apple-appstore-badge.png" alt="Apple App Store Badge" class="jsx-2402283764 google-play-badge"/></a><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.reallybadapps.podcastguru&referrer=utm_source%3Dapp.podcastguru.io%26utm_medium%3Dfooter" target="_blank" class="jsx-2402283764"><img src="/img/google-play-badge.png" alt="Google Play Badge" class="jsx-2402283764 google-play-badge"/></a></div><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-right"><h3 class="jsx-2402283764 light mb-md">Company</h3><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link-container"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://podcastguru.io/about-podcast-guru" target="_blank" class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link">About</a></div><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link-container"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://podcastguru.io/contact-us" target="_blank" class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link">Contact Us</a></div><div class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link-container"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://podcastguru.io/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank" class="jsx-2402283764 footer-link">Terms and Conditions</a></div></div></div></div></footer></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"podcastUrl":"throughline-1451109634","podcastData":{"artist":"NPR","artworkUrl":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","collectionName":"Throughline","copyright":"Copyright 2019-2021 NPR - For Personal Use Only","description":"The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eSubscribe to Throughline+. You'll be supporting the history-reframing, perspective-shifting, time-warping stories you can't get enough of - and you'll unlock access bonus episodes and sponsor-free listening. Learn more at plus.npr.org/throughline\u003c/em\u003e","etag":"\"0c36d839da498be7e72529a26a1da10a:1711733113.787268\"","feedUrl":"https://feeds.npr.org/510333/podcast.xml","genre":"History","imageLink":null,"imageUrl":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","items":[{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"Hezbollah is a Lebanese paramilitary organization and political party that's directly supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the wake of the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, and Israel's invasion of Gaza, Hezbollah and Israel have been exchanging missile fire across the border they share, causing growing fears of a regional conflict with the U.S. and Israel on one side and Iran along with its allies in Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi rebels of Yemen on the other.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eHezbollah is a Lebanese paramilitary organization and political party that's directly supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the wake of the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, and Israel's invasion of Gaza, Hezbollah and Israel have been exchanging missile fire across the border they share, causing growing fears of a regional conflict with the U.S. and Israel on one side and Iran along with its allies in Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi rebels of Yemen on the other.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":47958353,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR6332114955.mp3?d=2997\u0026size=47958353\u0026e=1198908668\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3","guid":"40511104-68d4-47bd-8e0a-98daf80cc316","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2997,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/27/gettyimages-12328883042_sq-0f7148989bba35edad1b2fc9586126c156313d7f.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 28 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1711609259,"slug":"a-history-of-hezbollah-15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3","title":"A History of Hezbollah"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"What is school for? Over a hundred years ago, a man named Harold Rugg published a series of textbooks that encouraged students to confront the thorniest parts of U.S. history: to identify problems, and try and solve them. And it was just as controversial as the fights we're seeing today. In this episode: a media mogul, a textbook author, and a battle over what students should – or shouldn't – learn in school.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eWhat is school for? Over a hundred years ago, a man named Harold Rugg published a series of textbooks that encouraged students to confront the thorniest parts of U.S. history: to identify problems, and try and solve them. And it was just as controversial as the fights we're seeing today. In this episode: a media mogul, a textbook author, and a battle over what students should – or shouldn't – learn in school.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":45776188,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR3352812986.mp3?d=2860\u0026size=45776188\u0026e=1198908644\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e","guid":"4d6dd4f4-12ef-4dea-8107-a5a218d14dca","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2860,"itunesEpisode":"285","itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/19/gettyimages-3301916_sq-8904b0be6b3d07dfcc2e3bcf4195f1454ae3a163.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 21 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1711004459,"slug":"the-great-textbook-war-c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e","title":"The Great Textbook War"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"What was the worst year to be alive on planet Earth? We make the case for 536 AD, which set off a cascade of catastrophes that is almost too horrible to imagine. A supervolcano. The disappearance of shadows. A failure of bread. Plague rats. Using evidence painstakingly gathered around the world - from Mongolian tree rings to Greenlandic ice cores to Mayan artifacts - we paint a portrait of what scientists and historians think went wrong, and what we think it felt like to be there in real time. (Spoiler: not so hot.) We hear a hymn for the dead from the ancient kingdom of Axum, the closest we can get to the sound of grief from a millennium and a half ago.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe horrors of 536 make us wonder about the parallels and perpendiculars with our own time: does it make you feel any better knowing that your suffering is part of a global crisis? Or does it just make things worse?\" \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis week we're sharing a bonus episode from \u003ca href=\"https://radiolab.org/podcast/worst-year-ever\"\u003eRadiolab: Worst. Year. Ever. \u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eWhat was the worst year to be alive on planet Earth? We make the case for 536 AD, which set off a cascade of catastrophes that is almost too horrible to imagine. A supervolcano. The disappearance of shadows. A failure of bread. Plague rats. Using evidence painstakingly gathered around the world - from Mongolian tree rings to Greenlandic ice cores to Mayan artifacts - we paint a portrait of what scientists and historians think went wrong, and what we think it felt like to be there in real time. (Spoiler: not so hot.) We hear a hymn for the dead from the ancient kingdom of Axum, the closest we can get to the sound of grief from a millennium and a half ago.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;The horrors of 536 make us wonder about the parallels and perpendiculars with our own time: does it make you feel any better knowing that your suffering is part of a global crisis? Or does it just make things worse?\" \u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;This week we're sharing a bonus episode from \u0026lt;a href=\"https://radiolab.org/podcast/worst-year-ever\"\u0026gt;Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever. \u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":37073442,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR2253901599.mp3?d=2317\u0026size=37073442\u0026e=1198920669\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa","guid":"9e663c2d-facf-4c08-a2a6-328fc69edcb8","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2317,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/22/worstyearever_episode-image-1-_sq-0bcd27619ad6f482b88f4239cbedc0aff620028c.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Tue, 19 Mar 2024 14:51:47 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1710859907,"slug":"radiolab-worst-year-ever-489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa","title":"Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"In 2011, the world was shaken by the Arab Spring, a wave of \"pro-democracy\" protests that spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The effects of the uprisings reverberated around the world as regimes fell in some countries, and civil war began in others. This week, we revisit the years leading up to the Arab Spring and its lasting impact on three people who lived through it.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cem\u003eTo access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://plus.npr.org/throughline\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eplus.npr.org/throughline\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eIn 2011, the world was shaken by the Arab Spring, a wave of \"pro-democracy\" protests that spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The effects of the uprisings reverberated around the world as regimes fell in some countries, and civil war began in others. This week, we revisit the years leading up to the Arab Spring and its lasting impact on three people who lived through it.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at \u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"http://plus.npr.org/throughline\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;plus.npr.org/throughline\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":53298618,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR8458736797.mp3?d=3331\u0026size=53298618\u0026e=1198908629\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b","guid":"85bd2db4-845b-4f44-9ce2-471cd58d2168","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":3331,"itunesEpisode":"283","itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/13/gettyimages-108994884_sq-913b16f0454c3ff87541c4a7426e5823b57891e9.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 14 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1710399659,"slug":"a-symphony-of-resistance-throwback-cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b","title":"A Symphony of Resistance (Throwback)"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"For most of its early history, Israel was dominated by left-leaning, secular politicians. But today, the right is in power. Its politicians represent a movement that uses a religious framework to define Israel and its borders, and that has aggressively resisted a two-state solution with Palestinians. And its government – led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — is waging a war in Gaza which, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, has killed over 30,000 people, many of them children. The government launched the war in response to the October 7th, 2023 Hamas-led attack that, according to Israeli authorities, killed over 1,200 Israelis with an additional 250 being taken hostage.This is not the first time that tension has erupted into violence. But the dominance of right-wing thinkers in Israeli politics is pivotal to how the war has unfolded. On today's episode: the story of Israel's rightward shift.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cem\u003eCorrection: In a previous version of this episode, we said incorrectly that Benjamin Netanyahu was born in 1948. He was born in 1949.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTo access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eFor most of its early history, Israel was dominated by left-leaning, secular politicians. But today, the right is in power. Its politicians represent a movement that uses a religious framework to define Israel and its borders, and that has aggressively resisted a two-state solution with Palestinians. And its government – led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — is waging a war in Gaza which, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, has killed over 30,000 people, many of them children. The government launched the war in response to the October 7th, 2023 Hamas-led attack that, according to Israeli authorities, killed over 1,200 Israelis with an additional 250 being taken hostage.This is not the first time that tension has erupted into violence. But the dominance of right-wing thinkers in Israeli politics is pivotal to how the war has unfolded. On today's episode: the story of Israel's rightward shift.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;Correction: In a previous version of this episode, we said incorrectly that Benjamin Netanyahu was born in 1948. He was born in 1949.\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":50970585,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR7579413436.mp3?d=3185\u0026size=50970585\u0026e=1198908601\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5","guid":"fa631ebd-837a-4c27-94ad-e2819526820e","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":3185,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/06/gettyimages-1244329649_sq-ebec4d587b2f262e97de315b2c4ee36e4c735434.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 07 Mar 2024 08:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1709798459,"slug":"the-rise-of-the-right-wing-in-israel-4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5","title":"The Rise of the Right Wing in Israel"}],"itunesAuthorName":"NPR","itunesBlock":false,"itunesCategories":["History","Society \u0026 Culture"],"itunesComplete":null,"itunesExplicit":null,"itunesId":"1451109634","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/23/throughline_tile_npr-network-01_sq-53d2dcb6d4b07be30f1b23f5ae9939c67c3bc62e.jpg?s=1400\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesNewFeedUrl":null,"language":"en-us","lastBuildDate":"Mon, 25 Mar 2024 21:55:33 +0000","lastPolled":1712076640,"link":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510333/throughline","ownerEmail":"podcasts@npr.org","ownerName":"NPR","publishedDate":null,"slug":"throughline-1451109634","subtitle":null,"title":"Throughline","type":null,"updated":1711607730},"episodes":[{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"Hezbollah is a Lebanese paramilitary organization and political party that's directly supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the wake of the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, and Israel's invasion of Gaza, Hezbollah and Israel have been exchanging missile fire across the border they share, causing growing fears of a regional conflict with the U.S. and Israel on one side and Iran along with its allies in Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi rebels of Yemen on the other.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eHezbollah is a Lebanese paramilitary organization and political party that's directly supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the wake of the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, and Israel's invasion of Gaza, Hezbollah and Israel have been exchanging missile fire across the border they share, causing growing fears of a regional conflict with the U.S. and Israel on one side and Iran along with its allies in Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthi rebels of Yemen on the other.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":47958353,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR6332114955.mp3?d=2997\u0026size=47958353\u0026e=1198908668\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3","guid":"40511104-68d4-47bd-8e0a-98daf80cc316","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2997,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/27/gettyimages-12328883042_sq-0f7148989bba35edad1b2fc9586126c156313d7f.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 28 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1711609259,"slug":"a-history-of-hezbollah-15ac07f31a36d518e6f242b9e30198c3","title":"A History of Hezbollah"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"What is school for? Over a hundred years ago, a man named Harold Rugg published a series of textbooks that encouraged students to confront the thorniest parts of U.S. history: to identify problems, and try and solve them. And it was just as controversial as the fights we're seeing today. In this episode: a media mogul, a textbook author, and a battle over what students should – or shouldn't – learn in school.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eWhat is school for? Over a hundred years ago, a man named Harold Rugg published a series of textbooks that encouraged students to confront the thorniest parts of U.S. history: to identify problems, and try and solve them. And it was just as controversial as the fights we're seeing today. In this episode: a media mogul, a textbook author, and a battle over what students should – or shouldn't – learn in school.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":45776188,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR3352812986.mp3?d=2860\u0026size=45776188\u0026e=1198908644\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e","guid":"4d6dd4f4-12ef-4dea-8107-a5a218d14dca","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2860,"itunesEpisode":"285","itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/19/gettyimages-3301916_sq-8904b0be6b3d07dfcc2e3bcf4195f1454ae3a163.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 21 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1711004459,"slug":"the-great-textbook-war-c7c22ae76c324c152f1bcdf3ed0a791e","title":"The Great Textbook War"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"What was the worst year to be alive on planet Earth? We make the case for 536 AD, which set off a cascade of catastrophes that is almost too horrible to imagine. A supervolcano. The disappearance of shadows. A failure of bread. Plague rats. Using evidence painstakingly gathered around the world - from Mongolian tree rings to Greenlandic ice cores to Mayan artifacts - we paint a portrait of what scientists and historians think went wrong, and what we think it felt like to be there in real time. (Spoiler: not so hot.) We hear a hymn for the dead from the ancient kingdom of Axum, the closest we can get to the sound of grief from a millennium and a half ago.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe horrors of 536 make us wonder about the parallels and perpendiculars with our own time: does it make you feel any better knowing that your suffering is part of a global crisis? Or does it just make things worse?\" \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis week we're sharing a bonus episode from \u003ca href=\"https://radiolab.org/podcast/worst-year-ever\"\u003eRadiolab: Worst. Year. Ever. \u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eWhat was the worst year to be alive on planet Earth? We make the case for 536 AD, which set off a cascade of catastrophes that is almost too horrible to imagine. A supervolcano. The disappearance of shadows. A failure of bread. Plague rats. Using evidence painstakingly gathered around the world - from Mongolian tree rings to Greenlandic ice cores to Mayan artifacts - we paint a portrait of what scientists and historians think went wrong, and what we think it felt like to be there in real time. (Spoiler: not so hot.) We hear a hymn for the dead from the ancient kingdom of Axum, the closest we can get to the sound of grief from a millennium and a half ago.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;The horrors of 536 make us wonder about the parallels and perpendiculars with our own time: does it make you feel any better knowing that your suffering is part of a global crisis? Or does it just make things worse?\" \u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;This week we're sharing a bonus episode from \u0026lt;a href=\"https://radiolab.org/podcast/worst-year-ever\"\u0026gt;Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever. \u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":37073442,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR2253901599.mp3?d=2317\u0026size=37073442\u0026e=1198920669\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa","guid":"9e663c2d-facf-4c08-a2a6-328fc69edcb8","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":2317,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/22/worstyearever_episode-image-1-_sq-0bcd27619ad6f482b88f4239cbedc0aff620028c.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Tue, 19 Mar 2024 14:51:47 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1710859907,"slug":"radiolab-worst-year-ever-489d3664da2621fe6dd98b9473c352fa","title":"Radiolab: Worst. Year. Ever"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"In 2011, the world was shaken by the Arab Spring, a wave of \"pro-democracy\" protests that spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The effects of the uprisings reverberated around the world as regimes fell in some countries, and civil war began in others. This week, we revisit the years leading up to the Arab Spring and its lasting impact on three people who lived through it.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cem\u003eTo access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://plus.npr.org/throughline\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eplus.npr.org/throughline\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eIn 2011, the world was shaken by the Arab Spring, a wave of \"pro-democracy\" protests that spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa. The effects of the uprisings reverberated around the world as regimes fell in some countries, and civil war began in others. This week, we revisit the years leading up to the Arab Spring and its lasting impact on three people who lived through it.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at \u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"http://plus.npr.org/throughline\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;plus.npr.org/throughline\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":53298618,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR8458736797.mp3?d=3331\u0026size=53298618\u0026e=1198908629\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b","guid":"85bd2db4-845b-4f44-9ce2-471cd58d2168","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":3331,"itunesEpisode":"283","itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/13/gettyimages-108994884_sq-913b16f0454c3ff87541c4a7426e5823b57891e9.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 14 Mar 2024 07:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1710399659,"slug":"a-symphony-of-resistance-throwback-cf166e6bb5af77290321a315e2e4f04b","title":"A Symphony of Resistance (Throwback)"},{"author":null,"contentEncoded":"For most of its early history, Israel was dominated by left-leaning, secular politicians. But today, the right is in power. Its politicians represent a movement that uses a religious framework to define Israel and its borders, and that has aggressively resisted a two-state solution with Palestinians. And its government – led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — is waging a war in Gaza which, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, has killed over 30,000 people, many of them children. The government launched the war in response to the October 7th, 2023 Hamas-led attack that, according to Israeli authorities, killed over 1,200 Israelis with an additional 250 being taken hostage.This is not the first time that tension has erupted into violence. But the dominance of right-wing thinkers in Israeli politics is pivotal to how the war has unfolded. On today's episode: the story of Israel's rightward shift.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cem\u003eCorrection: In a previous version of this episode, we said incorrectly that Benjamin Netanyahu was born in 1948. He was born in 1949.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTo access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLearn more about sponsor message choices: \u003ca href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u003epodcastchoices.com/adchoices\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u003eNPR Privacy Policy\u003c/a\u003e","description":"\u003cdescription\u003eFor most of its early history, Israel was dominated by left-leaning, secular politicians. But today, the right is in power. Its politicians represent a movement that uses a religious framework to define Israel and its borders, and that has aggressively resisted a two-state solution with Palestinians. And its government – led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu — is waging a war in Gaza which, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, has killed over 30,000 people, many of them children. The government launched the war in response to the October 7th, 2023 Hamas-led attack that, according to Israeli authorities, killed over 1,200 Israelis with an additional 250 being taken hostage.This is not the first time that tension has erupted into violence. But the dominance of right-wing thinkers in Israeli politics is pivotal to how the war has unfolded. On today's episode: the story of Israel's rightward shift.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;Correction: In a previous version of this episode, we said incorrectly that Benjamin Netanyahu was born in 1948. He was born in 1949.\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;To access bonus episodes and listen to Throughline sponsor-free, subscribe to Throughline+ via Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/throughline.\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Learn more about sponsor message choices: \u0026lt;a href=\"https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices\"\u0026gt;podcastchoices.com/adchoices\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy\"\u0026gt;NPR Privacy Policy\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u003c/description\u003e","enclosureLength":50970585,"enclosureType":"audio/mpeg","enclosureUrl":"https://chrt.fm/track/138C95/prfx.byspotify.com/e/play.podtrac.com/npr-510333/traffic.megaphone.fm/NPR7579413436.mp3?d=3185\u0026size=50970585\u0026e=1198908601\u0026t=podcast\u0026p=510333","episodeId":"4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5","guid":"fa631ebd-837a-4c27-94ad-e2819526820e","itunesAuthorName":null,"itunesBlock":false,"itunesDuration":3185,"itunesEpisode":null,"itunesEpisodeType":"full","itunesExplicit":"no","itunesImage":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/03/06/gettyimages-1244329649_sq-ebec4d587b2f262e97de315b2c4ee36e4c735434.jpg?s=1900\u0026c=66\u0026f=jpg","itunesOrder":null,"itunesSeason":null,"itunesSubtitle":null,"itunesSummary":null,"publishedDate":"Thu, 07 Mar 2024 08:00:59 +0000","publishedTimestamp":1709798459,"slug":"the-rise-of-the-right-wing-in-israel-4d1a2025ec59d48dc5002af6a57f6dd5","title":"The Rise of the Right Wing in Israel"}],"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"minutes-string":"{{count}} MIN","minutes-string_plural":"{{count}} MIN","date-string":"{{month}} {{day}}, {{year}}","month-1":"JAN","month-2":"FEB","month-3":"MAR","month-4":"APR","month-5":"MAY","month-6":"JUN","month-7":"JUL","month-8":"AUG","month-9":"SEP","month-10":"OCT","month-11":"NOV","month-12":"DEC","404-title":"Oh no! 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