CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hassan II of Morocco - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6ec1aef4-025b-4939-b6bb-30f31dba7cc5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hassan_II_of_Morocco","wgTitle":"Hassan II of Morocco","wgCurRevisionId":1275971211,"wgRevisionId":1275971211,"wgArticleId":410355,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2022","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles with hCards","Pages using infobox military person with embed","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024","Hassan II of Morocco","1929 births","1999 deaths","20th-century Arab people","20th-century Moroccan businesspeople","Alawi dynasty","Alumni of the Royal College (Rabat)","Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry","Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword","Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour","Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath","Kings of Morocco","Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia","Moroccan Army officers","Moroccan anti-communists","Moroccan exiles in Madagascar","Moroccan Muslims","Moroccan people of Arab descent","Muslim monarchs","People from Rabat","Recipients of the Collar of Honour","Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise","Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali","Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria","University of Bordeaux alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hassan_II_of_Morocco","wgRelevantArticleId":410355,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Hassan_II","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q69103", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1684"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1123"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/640px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="898"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hassan II of Morocco - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hassan_II_of_Morocco rootpage-Hassan_II_of_Morocco skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hassan+II+of+Morocco" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hassan+II+of+Morocco" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hassan+II+of+Morocco" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hassan+II+of+Morocco" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heir_apparent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heir_apparent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Heir apparent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heir_apparent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Reign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_coups_d'état" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_coups_d'état"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Attempted coups d'état </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_coups_d'état-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armed_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Armed conflicts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death and funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Honors and decorations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_decorations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honors and decorations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 National orders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Foreign orders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Honorary prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hassan II of Morocco</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" > 63 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="الحسن الثاني بن محمد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحسن الثاني بن محمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4)" title="ایکینجی حسن (مراکش) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی حسن (مراکش)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II." title="Hasan II. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hasan II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II,_brenin_Moroco" title="Hassan II, brenin Moroco – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hassan II, brenin Moroco" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_2._af_Marokko" title="Hassan 2. af Marokko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hassan 2. af Marokko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لحسن التاني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحسن التاني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II." title="Hassan II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hassan II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has%C3%A1n_II_de_Marruecos" title="Hasán II de Marruecos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hasán II de Marruecos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasano_la_2-a_(Maroko)" title="Hasano la 2-a (Maroko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hasano la 2-a (Maroko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II.a_Marokokoa" title="Hassan II.a Marokokoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hassan II.a Marokokoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="حسن دوم، پادشاه مراکش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حسن دوم، پادشاه مراکش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_de_Marrocos" title="Hasan II de Marrocos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hasan II de Marrocos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%82%B0_2%EC%84%B8" title="하산 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하산 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_ll_na_Maroko" title="Hassan ll na Maroko – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hassan ll na Maroko" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6_II" title="Հասան II – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասան II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II." title="Hasan II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hasan II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_la_2ma_di_Maroko" title="Hassan la 2ma di Maroko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hassan la 2ma di Maroko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_dari_Maroko" title="Hassan II dari Maroko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hassan II dari Maroko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_del_Marocco" title="Hasan II del Marocco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hasan II del Marocco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95" title="חסן השני, מלך מרוקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חסן השני, מלך מרוקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_II" title="ჰასან II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰასან II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasanus_II" title="Hasanus II – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hasanus II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Haszan_marokk%C3%B3i_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Haszan marokkói király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Haszan marokkói király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A6assan_II" title="Ħassan II – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ħassan II" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="मोरोक्कोचा दुसरा हसन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोरोक्कोचा दुसरा हसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="الحسن الثانى بن محمد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحسن الثانى بن محمد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="حسن دوم مراکش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حسن دوم مراکش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_dari_Maghribi" title="Hassan II dari Maghribi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hassan II dari Maghribi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_van_Marokko" title="Hassan II van Marokko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hassan II van Marokko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B32%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="ハサン2世 (モロッコ王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハサン2世 (モロッコ王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_av_Marokko" title="Hassan II av Marokko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hassan II av Marokko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_(Alawici)" title="Hasan II (Alawici) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hasan II (Alawici)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_de_Marrocos" title="Hassan II de Marrocos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hassan II de Marrocos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_o_Morocco" title="Hassan II o Morocco – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hassan II o Morocco" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasani_II" title="Hasani II – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hasani II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Hassan II of Morocco – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hassan II of Morocco" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хасан II од Марока – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хасан II од Марока" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_II_od_Maroka" title="Hasan II od Maroka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hasan II od Maroka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II" title="Hassan II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hassan II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4asan_Wis_Sin" title="Ḥasan Wis Sin – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ḥasan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4asan_wis_2" title="Ḥasan wis 2 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ḥasan wis 2" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฮะซันที่ 2 แห่งโมร็อกโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีฮะซันที่ 2 แห่งโมร็อกโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Hasan" title="II. Hasan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Hasan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_II" title="Хасан II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хасан II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="حسن ثانی المغربی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حسن ثانی المغربی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Maroc" title="Hassan II của Maroc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hassan II của Maroc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_do_Marok" title="Hassan II do Marok – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Hassan II do Marok" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%EF%BC%89" title="哈桑二世（摩洛哥） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈桑二世（摩洛哥）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="哈桑二世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈桑二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99s%C9%99n_II" title="Həsən II – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həsən II" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q69103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hassan_II_of_Morocco" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&oldid=1275971211" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&id=1275971211&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHassan_II_of_Morocco">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHassan_II_of_Morocco">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hassan_II_of_Morocco" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q69103" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan II">Hassan II</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hassan II" and "Hasan II" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hassan II (disambiguation)">Hassan II (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Hassan II <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>الحسن الثاني</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_II_(1983).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/220px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/330px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg/440px-Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="911" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Hassan II in 1983</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">King of Morocco</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">26 February 1961 – 23 July 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1929-07-09)9 July 1929 <a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Makhzen_(Rabat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dar al-Makhzen (Rabat)">Dar al-Makhzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">French protectorate in Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 July 1999(1999-07-23) (aged 70) Rabat, Morocco</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mohammed_V" title="Mausoleum of Mohammed V">Royal Mausoleum</a>, Rabat, Morocco</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lalla_Latifa_Amahzoune" title="Lalla Latifa Amahzoune">Lalla Latifa Amahzoune</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1961)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Meryem_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco">Princess Lalla Meryem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Asma_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Asma of Morocco">Princess Lalla Asma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Hasna_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco">Princess Lalla Hasna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Rachid_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco">Prince Moulay Rachid</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Hassan bin Mohammed bin Yusef al-Alawi الحسن بن محمد بن يوسف العلوي</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">الحسن الثاني</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alawi_dynasty" title="Alawi dynasty">Alawi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_II_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hassan_II_signature.png/125px-Hassan_II_signature.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hassan_II_signature.png/188px-Hassan_II_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hassan_II_signature.png/250px-Hassan_II_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="3080" data-file-height="1144" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Makhzen_(Fez)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)">Dar al-Makhzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_(Rabat)" title="Royal College (Rabat)">Royal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">University of Bordeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (1952)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg/17px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg/34px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Royal Moroccan Armed Forces</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> (1952)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rif_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif revolt">Rif revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">October War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Hassan_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/King_Hassan_II.jpg/75px-King_Hassan_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/King_Hassan_II.jpg/113px-King_Hassan_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/King_Hassan_II.jpg/150px-King_Hassan_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="2108" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassan II of Morocco</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco#Deposition_and_exile_(1953–1955)" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Death and funeral of Hassan II of Morocco">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Political offices</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">King of Morocco</a> (1961–1999) <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Chief of the Defence Staff</a> (1956–1999) <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Prime Minister of Morocco</a> (1961) <a href="/wiki/Alawi_dynasty" title="Alawi dynasty">Crown Prince of Morocco</a> (1929–1961)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Policies</li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Domestic_reforms">Domestic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moroccanization" title="Moroccanization">Moroccanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Morocco)" title="Years of Lead (Morocco)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_Mosque" title="Hassan II Mosque">Hassan II Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yachin" title="Operation Yachin">Operation Yachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Committee" title="Al-Quds Committee">Al-Quds Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Military</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rif_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif revolt">Rif revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Attempted_coups_d'état">Attempted coups d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1971 Moroccan coup attempt">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Bouazza_plot" title="Moulay Bouazza plot">1973</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="874" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hassan_II_series" title="Template:Hassan II series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Hassan_II_series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Hassan II series (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hassan_II_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hassan II series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hassan II (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الحسن الثاني, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: al-Ḥasan aṯ-ṯhānī; 9 July 1929 – 23 July 1999) was <a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">King of Morocco</a> from 1961 until his death in 1999. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Alawi_dynasty" title="Alawi dynasty">Alawi dynasty</a>, he was the eldest son of King <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a>, and his second wife Princess <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar">Abla bint Tahar</a>. He was named crown prince in 1957 and was the first commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Royal Armed Forces</a>. He was enthroned as king in 1961 following his father's death. His reign was marked by the start of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a>, as well as two failed coup attempts against him <a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1971 Moroccan coup attempt">in 1971</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">in 1972</a>. Hassan's conservative approach reportedly strengthened his rule over Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> He was accused of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> practices, as well as <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> and civil rights abuses, particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Morocco)" title="Years of Lead (Morocco)">Years of Lead</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Equity_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Equity and Reconciliation Commission">truth commission</a> was set up after his death to investigate allegations of human rights violations during his reign. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Hassan II studying at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_(Rabat)" title="Royal College (Rabat)">Royal College</a> in 1943</figcaption></figure>Mawlay al-Hassan bin Mohammed bin Yusef al-Alawi was born on 9 July 1929 at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Rabat" title="Royal Palace of Rabat">Dar al-Makhzen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">French protectorate in Morocco</a>, as the eldest son to Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a> and his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a>, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">'Alawi dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> He first studied <a href="/wiki/Islamic_sciences" title="Islamic sciences">Islamic sciences</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Fez" title="Royal Palace of Fez">Dar al-Makhzen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>. He then became a student at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_(Rabat)" title="Royal College (Rabat)">Royal College</a> in Rabat, where instruction was conducted in Arabic and French and a class was created for him. <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Ben_Barka" title="Mehdi Ben Barka">Mehdi Ben Barka</a> was notably his mathematics teacher for four years at the Royal College.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In June 1948, he obtained his baccalaureate from the Royal College.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Hassan pursued his higher education at the Rabat Institute of Higher Studies, a department of the University of Bordeaux, from where he received a law degree in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 1952, he earned a master's degree in public law from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">University of Bordeaux</a> before serving in the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> on board the <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jeanne_d%27Arc_(R97)" title="French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (R97)">Jeanne d'Arc cruiser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> He was a doctoral student at the Faculty of Law of Bordeaux in 1953, when his family's exile occurred.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-14">[14]</a> After having ascended the throne, on 25 June 1963, Dean Lajugie presented him with the insignia of Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Bordeaux.<a href="#cite_note-:14-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heir_apparent">Heir apparent</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Heir apparent">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammed_V_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mohammed_V_1950.jpg/220px-Mohammed_V_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mohammed_V_1950.jpg/330px-Mohammed_V_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mohammed_V_1950.jpg/440px-Mohammed_V_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hassan II and his father Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a>, 1950</figcaption></figure> In 1943, a twelve-year-old Hassan attended the <a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Conference" title="Casablanca Conference">Casablanca Conference</a> at the Anfa Hotel along with his father, where he met United States President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1947, he attended his father's speech in what was then the <a href="/wiki/Tangier_International_Zone" title="Tangier International Zone">Tangier International Zone</a>. In the speech, Sultan Mohammed wished for the French and Spanish protectorates and the Tangier International Zone to be unified into one nation.<a href="#cite_note-Tanger-17">[17]</a> The speech became a reference for Moroccan nationalists and anti-colonial movements and later led to Morocco's independence.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Hassan later claimed that he had "profound resentment" towards the protectorate and that he felt "deep humiliation" from French colonialism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> Despite paying hommage to <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Hubert Lyautey</a>, the first resident-general of the French protectorate, he was highly critical of Lyautey's successors, noting their "stubborn stupidity" and "total insensitivity".<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-6">[6]</a> Hassan and his family were forced into exile by French authorities on 20 August 1953, being deported to <a href="/wiki/Zonza" title="Zonza">Zonza</a> in <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. Their deportation led to protests and further fueled the anti-colonial movement.<a href="#cite_note-Tanger-17">[17]</a> They moved to the city of <a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-Rousse" title="L'Île-Rousse">L'Île-Rousse</a> and lived at the Napoléon Bonaparte hotel for five months before being transferred to <a href="/wiki/Antsirabe" title="Antsirabe">Antsirabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> in January 1954.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> During this time, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ben_Aarafa" title="Mohammed Ben Aarafa">Mohammed Ben Aarafa</a> was named sultan in Morocco by the French government.<a href="#cite_note-22">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Prince Hassan acted as his father's political advisor during their exile. They returned to Morocco on 16 November 1955.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> He participated with his father in the February 1956 negotiations for Moroccan independence.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> Following Morocco's independence from France, his father named him commander-in-chief of the newly founded <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Royal Moroccan Armed Forces</a> in April 1956.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> The same year, he led army contingents to victory after defeating rebel militias during the <a href="/wiki/Rif_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif revolt">Rif revolt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> It was during his tenure as commander-in-chief that he met General <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Oufkir" title="Mohamed Oufkir">Mohamed Oufkir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-cac-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> who became Minister of Defense during his reign.<a href="#cite_note-oufkir_un_destin_marocain-29">[28]</a> Oufkir would later suspected of orchestrating a failed coup d'état to kill Hassan in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-:2-30">[29]</a> After Mohammed V changed the title of the Moroccan sovereign from <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a> in 1957, Hassan was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a> on 9 July 1957.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-AHMorocco-32">[31]</a> In this position, he was the president of the organising committee of the International Meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Toumliline" title="Monastery of Toumliline">monastery of Toumliline</a> in 1957 and gave a welcome speech.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign">edit</a>]</div> Hassan ascended the throne on 26 February 1961 on his father's death.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-changing_face_of_morocco-34">[33]</a> His enthronement took place at the Royal Palace of Rabat on 3 March 1961, and he also inherited the position of prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-:12-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Domestic policy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Morocco)" title="Years of Lead (Morocco)">Years of Lead (Morocco)</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_II,_Marrakech,_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg/220px-Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg/330px-Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg/440px-Hassan_II%2C_Marrakech%2C_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption>Hassan II greeting the public on his way to Friday prayer in <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, 1966</figcaption></figure> In 1962, Hassan and his aides wrote Morocco's first constitution, defining the kingdom as a social and democratic <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, making <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>, and creating the title of <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a> and "supreme representative of the nation" for the king, whose person was defined as "inviolable and sacred". The constitution also reaffirmed a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_political_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party political system">multi-party political system</a>, the only one which existed in the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> at that time.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> The constitution provoked strong political protest from the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Popular_Forces" title="National Union of Popular Forces">UNFP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Party" title="Istiqlal Party">Istiqlal</a> and other leftist parties that formed the opposition at the time.<a href="#cite_note-gleijeses159-36">[35]</a> Hassan's reign was infamous for a poor human rights record labeled as "appalling" by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> It was, however, at its worst during the period from the 1960s to the late 1980s, which was labelled as the "<a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Morocco)" title="Years of Lead (Morocco)">years of lead</a>"<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> and saw thousands of dissidents jailed, killed, exiled or <a href="/wiki/Forcibly_disappeared" class="mw-redirect" title="Forcibly disappeared">forcibly disappeared</a>. The country would only become relatively freer by the early 1990s under strong international pressure and condemnation over its human rights record. Since then, Morocco's human rights record has improved modestly and improved significantly during the reign of Hassan's successor <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Equity_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Equity and Reconciliation Commission">Equity and Reconciliation Commission</a> was created by Mohammed to investigate human rights abuses during his father's reign.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Hassan imprisoned many members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Popular_Forces" title="National Union of Popular Forces">National Union of Popular Forces</a> and sentenced some party leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Ben_Barka" title="Mehdi Ben Barka">Mehdi Ben Barka</a>, to death.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> A series of <a href="/wiki/1965_Moroccan_riots" title="1965 Moroccan riots">student protests</a> began on 21 March 1965 in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, and devolved into general riots the following day; the resulting violent repression led to hundreds of deaths. In the aftermath, on 26 March, Hassan gave a speech that he concluded with: "There is no greater danger to a country than a so-called intellectual; it would have been better if you had all been illiterate."<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> In June, he dissolved parliament and suspended the constitution of 1962, declaring a <a href="/wiki/State_of_exception" title="State of exception">state of exception</a> that would last more than five years, in which he ruled Morocco directly; however, he did not completely abolish the mechanisms of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> An alleged report from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> claimed that, during this period, "Hassan [appeared] obsessed with the preservation of his power rather than with its application toward the resolution of Morocco's multiplying domestic problems."<a href="#cite_note-gleijeses159-36">[35]</a> In October 1965, <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Ben_Barka" title="Mehdi Ben Barka">Mehdi Ben Barka</a>, a key political opponent and fierce critic of Hassan, was kidnapped and <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">disappeared</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Rise_and_Kill_First" title="Rise and Kill First">Rise and Kill First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Ronen Bergman</a> points to cooperation between the Moroccan authorities and Israel's <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> in locating Ben Barka.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> In 1990, following riots in <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, Hassan set up the <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Council_(Morocco)" title="National Human Rights Council (Morocco)">Consultative Human Rights Council</a> to look into allegations of abuse by the State.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In 1991, he pardoned two thousand prisoners, including political prisoners and people held in secret prisons including in <a href="/wiki/Tazmamart" title="Tazmamart">Tazmamart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> In 1998, the first opposition-led government was elected.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> During his reign, Morocco was labeled as "partly free" by <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, except for a "not free" ranking in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FH1972-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_coups_d'état">Attempted coups d'état</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Attempted coups d'état">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Moroccan coup d'état attempt">1971 Moroccan coup d'état attempt</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Moroccan coup d'état attempt">1972 Moroccan coup d'état attempt</a></div>In the early 1970s, Hassan survived two <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a> attempts. <a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1971 Moroccan coup attempt">The first</a> occurred on 10 July 1971 during his forty-second birthday party at his palace in <a href="/wiki/Skhirat" title="Skhirat">Skhirat</a>, near Rabat.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a> The attempted coup was carried out by up to 1,400 army cadets from the Ahermoumou military training academy led by General <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Medbouh" title="Mohamed Medbouh">Mohamed Medbouh</a> and Colonel <a href="/wiki/M%27hamed_Ababou" title="M'hamed Ababou">M'hamed Ababou</a>. Hassan was reported to have hidden in a bathroom whilst grenades were thrown and rapid shots were fired.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> The rebels also raided and took over the offices of the <a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">RTM</a>, Morocco's state-owned broadcasting company, broadcasting propaganda claiming that the king had been murdered and that a republic had been founded.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> Ababou gave orders to rebels through <a href="/wiki/SNRT_Radio_National" title="SNRT Radio National">Radio-Maroc</a>, ordering the execution of everyone in the palace by asking that "dinner be served to everyone by 7 pm" on air.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The coup ended the same day when royalist troops took over the palace in combat against the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-53">[52]</a> After firing died down, Hassan ended up face-to-face with one of the rebel commanders; he reportedly intimidated the leader of the rebel troops by reciting a verse of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, and the commander knelt and kissed his right hand.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> An estimated 400 people were killed by rebels during the attempted coup; loyal troops within the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Moroccan Armed Forces">Royal Moroccan Armed Forces</a> under the command of Hassan killed more than 150 and detained 900 people in connection with the coup.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> It was subsequently claimed by Moroccan authorities that the young cadets had been misled by senior officers into thinking that they were acting to protect the king.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-53">[52]</a> Hassan himself had claimed that the coup was supported by <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Republic">Libya</a>, raising tensions between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The next day, Hassan attended the funerals of royalist soldiers killed during the attempted coup.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg/186px-Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg/280px-Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg/373px-Damaged_tail_of_the_royal_Boeing_727_after_the_1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Hassan II's damaged Boeing 727 after the <a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">1972 coup attempt</a></figcaption></figure>On 16 August 1972, during a <a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">second coup attempt</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> military jets from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force" title="Royal Moroccan Air Force">Royal Moroccan Air Force</a> opened fire on the king's <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a> while flying at a 3 km (1.9 mi) altitude over <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9touan" title="Tétouan">Tétouan</a> on the way to Rabat from Barcelona,<a href="#cite_note-:7-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-57">[56]</a> killing eight people on board and injuring fifty. A bullet hit the fuselage but they failed to take the plane down despite it being badly damaged.<a href="#cite_note-:8-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> The military jets were loaded with <a href="/wiki/Dummy_round" title="Dummy round">practice ammunition</a> rather than missiles, severely impacting the coup's effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-:9-60">[59]</a> Hassan hurried to the cockpit, took control of the radio, and reportedly shouted: "Stop firing, the tyrant is dead!";<a href="#cite_note-:9-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> however, conflicting reports state that he posed as a mechanic and stated that both pilots died and the king was badly injured, convincing the pilots to stop.<a href="#cite_note-:8-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-56">[55]</a> 220 members of the Air Force were arrested for partaking in the coup plot, 177 of whom were acquitted, 32 were found guilty, and 11 people were sentenced to death by a <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">military tribunal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-63">[62]</a> After making an emergency landing at <a href="/wiki/Rabat%E2%80%93Sal%C3%A9_Airport" title="Rabat–Salé Airport">Rabat–Salé International Airport</a>, Hassan escaped to his palace in Shkirat in an unmarked car.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Amekrane" title="Mohamed Amekrane">Mohamed Amekrane</a>, a colonel suspected to be a main part of the coup, attempted to flee to <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>; however, his asylum application was declined and he was sent back to Morocco. He was later sentenced to death by firing squad.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-63">[62]</a> General <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Oufkir" title="Mohamed Oufkir">Mohamed Oufkir</a>, Morocco's defense minister at the time, was suspected to have led the coup; he was later found dead from multiple gunshot wounds, with his death officially determined to be a <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-63">[62]</a> Hassan declared that he "must not place [his] trust in anyone" after what he perceived as treason from Oufkir.<a href="#cite_note-:1-51">[50]</a> The attempted coups reportedly reinforced his rule over Morocco.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg/220px-Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg/330px-Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg/440px-Hugh_Downs_interviews_King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco_at_the_Florida_showcase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Hassan II being interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Downs" title="Hugh Downs">Hugh Downs</a> for <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a> on NBC, 1963</figcaption></figure> Hassan's first official foreign visit as King was to attend the <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement</a>, which took place in September 1961 in Belgrade.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> era, Hassan allied Morocco with the West generally, and with the United States and France in particular. His obituary in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> described him as "a monarch oriented to the west".<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> There were close and continuing ties between the royal government and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, who helped to reorganize Morocco's security forces in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> During Hassan's tenure as prime minister, Morocco controversially accepted Soviet military aid and made overtures towards Moscow. During an interview, he stated that "as an Islamic people, [Morocco has] the right to practice <a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">bigamy</a>. We can wed East and West and be faithful to both".<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> In 1975, he created the <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Committee" title="Al-Quds Committee">Al-Quds Committee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a> aimed to "preserve the Arab-Muslim character" of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. It works on the restoration of mosques and the creation of hospitals and schools in the city.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The committee also gives out scholarship to students living in the city, as well as donating equipment to schools and kindergartens.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Hassan also admitted <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Calmels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbert Calmels (page does not exist)">Norbert Calmels</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Calmels" class="extiw" title="fr:Norbert Calmels">fr</a>], a French member of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and one of his personal friends, to the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Morocco" title="Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco">Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco</a>. Calmels was responsible for bringing about a rapprochement between Islam and Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-:16-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Hassan was alleged to have covertly cooperated with the State of Israel and Israeli intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-:11-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> In what was termed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yachin" title="Operation Yachin">Operation Yachin</a>, he negotiated for the migration of over 97,000 <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jews" title="Moroccan Jews">Moroccan Jews</a> to Israel from 1961 to 1964 in exchange for weapons and training for Morocco's security forces and intelligence agencies.<a href="#cite_note-:11-76">[75]</a> The Moroccan Jewish community was <a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">historically among the largest</a> in the Muslim world.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In an arrangement financed by the American <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Immigrant_Aid_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society">Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society</a> (HIAS), Hassan was paid a sum of $500,000 along with $100 for each of the first 50,000 Moroccan Jews to be migrated to Israel, and $250 for each Jewish emigrant thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Hassan served as a mediator between Arab countries and Israel. In 1977, he served as a key backchannel in peace talks between Egypt and Israel, hosting secret meetings between Israeli and Egyptian officials; these meetings led to the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-76">[75]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Gazit" title="Shlomo Gazit">Shlomo Gazit</a>, during an interview with <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a>, then-leader of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Military Intelligence Directorate</a>, Hassan invited <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> agents to bug the Casablanca hotel hosting the <a href="/wiki/1965_Arab_League_summit" title="1965 Arab League summit">1965 Arab League summit</a> to record conversations of participating Arab leaders. This information was instrumental in Israel's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-76">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Ronen Bergman</a> claimed in his book, <a href="/wiki/Rise_And_Kill_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise And Kill First">Rise And Kill First</a>, that Israeli intelligence then supplied information leading to Mehdi Ben Barka's capture and assassination.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Bergman also alleged that the Moroccan <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_for_Territorial_Surveillance_(Morocco)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (Morocco)">DST</a> and Mossad collaborated in a 1996 plot to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>. The plot involved a woman close to bin Laden who was an informant for the DST; however, the mission was aborted due to rising tensions between Morocco and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-:11-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Mauritania–Morocco relations">Relations with Mauritania</a> remained strained due to <a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Moroccan claims</a> to the entirety of Mauritanian territory, with Morocco only recognizing Mauritania as a sovereign state in 1969, nearly a decade after the latter's declaration of independence.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In 1984, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (SADR) joining the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> two years prior, Hassan declared the suspension of Morocco's membership of the organisation.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Morocco entered into a diplomatic crisis with Burkinabé President <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Thomas Sankara</a> following his decision to recognize the SADR.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Hassan was close to Shah <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> of Iran, even hosting him in 1979 when he was exiled.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_conflicts">Armed conflicts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Armed conflicts">edit</a>]</div> On 14 October 1963, the <a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a> was declared as a result of failed negotiations over borders inherited from French colonialism between Hassan and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>'s newly elected president <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-89">[88]</a> The war heavily damaged both countries' economies, and the king ordered his citizens to call off <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> festivities in part due to the economic recession caused by the war.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> A peace treaty and armistice ended the war on 15 January 1969.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-89">[88]</a> Hassan later claimed that the war was "stupid and a real setback".<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> Hassan sent 11,000 troops, one infantry brigade to Egypt and one armored regiment to Syria during the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, in which six Moroccan troops were captured.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> During Hassan's reign, Morocco recovered the Spanish-controlled area of <a href="/wiki/Ifni" title="Ifni">Ifni</a> in 1969, and gained control of two-thirds of what was formerly <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Spanish Sahara</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Green_March" title="Green March">Green March</a> in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> The nationalist <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a> subsequently engaged in a <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">war</a> for control of the territory, with support from Algeria, and relations between the two countries deteriorated further as a result.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> Hassan adopted a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market-based economy</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphates</a> mining industries played a major role.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> In 1967, he launched an irrigation project consisting of over a million hectares of land.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The king eventually came to develop very good relations with parts of the French media and financial elite. In 1988, the contract for the construction of <a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_Mosque" title="Hassan II Mosque">the Great Mosque of Casablanca</a>, a considerable project in scale, financed through compulsory contributions, was awarded to a civil engineering firm owned by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bouygues" title="Francis Bouygues">Francis Bouygues</a>, one of the most powerful businessmen in France and a personal friend of Hassan's. His image in France was tarnished, however, following the publication in 1990 of <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Perrault" title="Gilles Perrault">Gilles Perrault</a>'s Our Friend the King, describing detention conditions in <a href="/wiki/Tazmamart" title="Tazmamart">Tazmamart</a>, the repression of left-wing opponents and Sahrawis, political assassinations, and the poor socioeconomic conditions in which the majority of Moroccans lived.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> On 3 March 1973, Hassan announced a policy of "<a href="/wiki/Moroccanization" title="Moroccanization">Moroccanization</a>", in which state-held assets, agricultural lands, and businesses that were more than fifty percent foreign-owned were taken over and transferred to local companies and businessmen.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> This economic policy affected thousands of businesses, and the proportion of locally-owned industrial businesses in Morocco immediately increased from 18% to 55%.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> Two-thirds of the wealth of the "Moroccanized" economy were concentrated in 36 Moroccan families.<a href="#cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">[5]</a> In 1988, he also adopted a privatization policy. Beginning in 1993, more than a hundred public companies were privatized.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> It was primarily carried out by the king and his advisor, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Azoulay" title="André Azoulay">André Azoulay</a>. Subsequently, the French group <a href="/wiki/Accor" title="Accor">Accor</a> was able to acquire six hotels from the Moroccan chain Moussafir and the management of the <a href="/wiki/Jamai_Palace" title="Jamai Palace">Jamaï Palace</a> in Fez. This privatization operation enabled notables close to the Moroccan government to control the most prominent public companies, and French companies to make a strong comeback in the country's economy. The royal family also acquired the mining group Monagem.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and funeral">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Death and funeral of Hassan II of Morocco">Death and funeral of Hassan II of Morocco</a></div> On 23 July 1999, Hassan was admitted to the CHU Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat for <a href="/wiki/Acute_interstitial_pneumonitis" title="Acute interstitial pneumonitis">acute interstitial pneumonitis</a>; at 16:30 (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>), he was pronounced dead from a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a> at the age of 70.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The Moroccan government ordered forty days of mourning, while entertainment and cultural events were cancelled, and public institutions and many businesses were closed upon news of the king's death.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Several world leaders expressed their condolences, and days of mourning were also declared in several other countries, the majority being <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[b]</a> He was succeeded by his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a>, whose enthronement ceremony was held a week later.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Hassan was buried on 25 July at the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mohammed_V" title="Mausoleum of Mohammed V">Mausoleum of Mohammed V</a> in Rabat, following an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_funeral" title="Islamic funeral">Islamic funeral ceremony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> His coffin, which was covered in a cloth depicting <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic calligraphy</a>, was carried by his two sons, King Mohammed VI and Prince <a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Rachid_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco">Moulay Rachid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg/220px-King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg/330px-King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg/440px-King_Hassan_II_with_Mohammed_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>King Hassan II with his son, Crown Prince Sidi Mohammed, later <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a></figcaption></figure> Hassan was described in an official royal palace biography after his death as "well versed in the fields of architecture, medicine and technology" and that he gave his children a "strong commitment to the search for learning and a dedication to uphold the values of their country and their people".<a href="#cite_note-:12-10">[10]</a> Hassan was fluent in Arabic and French and spoke "capable English".<a href="#cite_note-nyt_obit-4">[4]</a> He often quoted verse 29:46 (<a href="/wiki/Al-Ankabut" title="Al-Ankabut">Al-Ankabut</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-74">[73]</a> In 1956, then-prince Hassan began a relationship with French actress <a href="/wiki/Etchika_Choureau" title="Etchika Choureau">Etchika Choureau</a>, whom he met in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a> in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> The relationship ended in 1961 after Hassan's ascension to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Later that year, on 9 November, he married <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Latifa_Amahzoune" title="Lalla Latifa Amahzoune">Lalla Latifa Amahzoune</a>, an ethnic <a href="/wiki/Zayanes" title="Zayanes">Zayane</a> and a granddaughter of Berber chief <a href="/wiki/Mouha_ou_Hammou_Zayani" title="Mouha ou Hammou Zayani">Mouha ou Hammou Zayani</a>, during a double nuptial ceremony with his brother <a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Abdallah_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco">Prince Moulay Abdallah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Hassan and Amahzoune had five children: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Meryem_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco">Princess Lalla Meryem</a> (born 26 August 1962);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a> (born 21 August 1963);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Asma_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Asma of Morocco">Princess Lalla Asma</a> (born 29 September 1965);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Hasna_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco">Princess Lalla Hasna</a> (born 19 November 1967);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Rachid_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco">Prince Moulay Rachid</a> (born 20 June 1970).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_decorations">Honors and decorations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Honors and decorations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #0B4527; color: #FFFFFF;">Royal styles of King Hassan II of Morocco</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="874" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Majesty</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_orders">National orders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National orders">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png/60px-Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png/90px-Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ribbon_Wissam_al_Mohamadi_Morocco.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Muhammad" title="Order of Muhammad">Order of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/60px-MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/90px-MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/120px-MAR_Order_of_the_Throne_-_4th_Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Throne" title="Order of the Throne">Order of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_(1963).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif/60px-Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif/90px-Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif/120px-Order_of_the_Independence_Combat_%281963%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the Order of the Independence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_(Maroc).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/60px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/90px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/120px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ouissam_Alaouite" title="Order of Ouissam Alaouite">Order of Ouissam Alaouite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Fidelity_(Kingdom_of_Morocco).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif/60px-Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif/90px-Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif/120px-Order_of_Fidelity_%28Kingdom_of_Morocco%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the Order of Fidelity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/60px-MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/90px-MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png/120px-MAR_Order_of_the_Military_-_4th_Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(Morocco)" title="Order of Military Merit (Morocco)">Order of Military Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Civil_Merit_(Morocco).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif/60px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif/90px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif/120px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Morocco%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the National Order of Merit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Prosperity_(Morocco).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif/60px-Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif/90px-Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif/120px-Order_of_Prosperity_%28Morocco%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Master of the National Order of Prosperity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_orders">Foreign orders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign orders">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png/60px-AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png/90px-AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png/120px-AUT_Honour_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria_-_1st_Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Star of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Austrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Merit of the Austrian Republic">Order of Merit of the Austrian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif/60px-Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif/90px-Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif/120px-Wisam_al-Khalifa_1st_class.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="59" /></a> Grand Collar of the Order of al-Khalifa of <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/60px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/90px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg/120px-BEL_-_Order_of_Leopold_-_Grand_Cordon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> of Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png/60px-KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png/90px-KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png/120px-KHM_Ordre_Royal_du_Cambodge_-_Grand_Croix_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Cambodia" title="Royal Order of Cambodia">Royal Order of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/90px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Order of the Elephant</a> of Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/60px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/90px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png/120px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile</a> of Egypt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/90px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> of France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_9_Sond_des_Grosskreuzes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross Special Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/60px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/90px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg/120px-GRE_Order_Redeemer_1Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Redeemer" title="Order of the Redeemer">Order of the Redeemer</a> of Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Pahlavi_(Iran).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif/60px-Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif/90px-Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif/120px-Order_of_Pahlavi_%28Iran%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pahlavi" title="Order of Pahlavi">Order of Pahlavi</a> of Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.2River-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ord.2River-ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.2River-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ord.2River-ribbon.gif/90px-Ord.2River-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Ord.2River-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Two_Rivers" title="Order of the Two Rivers">Order of the Two Rivers</a> of Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg/60px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg/90px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg/120px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_di_Gran_Cordone_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight Grand Cross with Collar of <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg/60px-JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg/90px-JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg/120px-JOR_Al-Hussein_ibn_Ali_Order_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Collar_(Order_of_Knighthood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collar (Order of Knighthood)">Collar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_al-Hussein_bin_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of al-Hussein bin Ali">Order of al-Hussein bin Ali</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_(Kuwait)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great_%28Kuwait%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mubarak_the_Great" title="Order of Mubarak the Great">Order of Mubarak the Great</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif/60px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif/90px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif/120px-Lebanese_Order_of_Merit_Extraordinary_Grade.gif 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="46" /></a> Extraordinary Grade of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Lebanon)" title="Order of Merit (Lebanon)">Order of Merit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Idris_I_(Libya)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Order_of_Idris_I_%28Libya%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_of_Idris_I_%28Libya%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Order_of_Idris_I_%28Libya%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_of_Idris_I_%28Libya%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Order_of_Idris_I_%28Libya%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Idris_I" title="Order of Idris I">Order of Idris I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-MLI_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Mali" title="National Order of Mali">National Order of Mali</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png" class="mw-file-description" title="MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit"><img alt="MRT Grand Cross Order of National Merit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png/60px-MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png/90px-MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png/120px-MRT_Grand_Cross_Order_of_National_Merit.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the Order of National Merit of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Order of the Netherlands Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:CivilOrderOman.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/CivilOrderOman.png/60px-CivilOrderOman.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/CivilOrderOman.png/90px-CivilOrderOman.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/CivilOrderOman.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Special Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Oman" title="Order of Oman">Order of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif/90px-Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Order of Pakistan</a>, First Class</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png/60px-PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png/90px-PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png/120px-PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword" title="Military Order of Saint James of the Sword">Military Order of Saint James of the Sword</a> of Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/60px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/90px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/120px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Order of Prince Henry">Order of Prince Henry</a> of Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/60px-PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/90px-PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/120px-PRT_Military_Order_of_the_Tower_and_of_the_Sword_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Tower and Sword">Order of the Tower and Sword</a> of Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Independence_(Qatar)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_of_Independence_%28Qatar%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the Order of the Independence of <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/60px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/90px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/120px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Abdulaziz_al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Abdulaziz al Saud">Order of Abdulaziz al Saud</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, 1st Class</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/60px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/90px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg/120px-ESP_Alfonso_X_Order_GC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a> Collar of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Alfonso_X,_the_Wise" title="Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise">Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise</a> of Spain (1989)<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg/60px-ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg/90px-ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg/120px-ESP_Charles_III_Order_GC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Charles_III" title="Order of Charles III">Order of Charles III</a> of Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Two_Niles_(Sudan)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Order of the Two Niles (Sudan) - ribbon bar"><img alt="Order of the Two Niles (Sudan) - ribbon bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_of_the_Two_Niles_%28Sudan%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Two_Niles" title="Order of the Two Niles">Order of the Two Niles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_Of_Ummayad_(Syria)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_Of_Ummayad_%28Syria%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Wissam of the Order of Oumayid of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/90px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Seraphim_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Royal Order of the Seraphim</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/90px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/120px-Order_of_the_Republic_%28Tunisia%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Cordon">Grand Cordon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Tunisia)" title="Order of the Republic (Tunisia)">Order of the Republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif/60px-Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif/90px-Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Order_of_7th_November_1987.gif 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="29" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Collar">Grand Collar</a> of the Order of the Seventh of November of Tunisia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> of the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg/60px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg/90px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_honorary_member_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a> of the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_(United_Arab_Emirates).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg/60px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg/90px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg/120px-Ribbon_bar_of_the_Order_of_the_Union_%28United_Arab_Emirates%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Collar of the Order of Etihad (Order of the Federation) of UAE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png/60px-Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png/90px-Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Order_of_the_Yugoslavian_Great_Star_Rib.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Yugoslav_Great_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Yugoslav Great Star">Yugoslav Great Star</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_prizes">Honorary prizes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honorary prizes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Honorary Doctorate by <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (1995)<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a></li> <li>On 1 November 2022, Hassan was posthumously awarded the Pan-African Prize for his contributions to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ancestry">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Hassan II of Morocco</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. (=12.) <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Hassan I of Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Yusef_of_Morocco" title="Yusef of Morocco">Yusef of Morocco</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. (=13.) <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco#Marriages,_concubines_and_children" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Lalla Oum al-Khair</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V of Morocco</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Yacout" title="Lalla Yacout">Lalla Yacout</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. Hassan II of Morocco</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. (=8.) <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Hassan I of Morocco</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco#Marriages,_concubines_and_children" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Moulay Mohammed Tahar ben Hassan</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. (=9.) <a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco#Marriages,_concubines_and_children" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Lalla Oum al-Khair</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Abla_bint_Tahar" title="Lalla Abla bint Tahar">Lalla Abla bint Tahar</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHassan_II1976" class="citation book cs1">Hassan II, King of Morocco (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2877242">Le défi : [mémoires]</a>. Paris: Albin Michel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-226-00317-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-226-00317-7"><bdi>2-226-00317-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2877242">2877242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+d%C3%A9fi+%3A+%5Bm%C3%A9moires%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2877242&rft.isbn=2-226-00317-7&rft.aulast=Hassan+II&rft.aufirst=King+of+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F2877242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan_II1993" class="citation book cs1">Hassan II, King of Morocco (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28547610">La mémoire d'un roi : entretiens avec Eric Laurent</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Laurent_(journalist)" title="Éric Laurent (journalist)">Éric Laurent</a>. Paris: Plon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-259-02596-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-259-02596-X"><bdi>2-259-02596-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28547610">28547610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+m%C3%A9moire+d%27un+roi+%3A+entretiens+avec+Eric+Laurent&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28547610&rft.isbn=2-259-02596-X&rft.aulast=Hassan+II&rft.aufirst=King+of+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F28547610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan_II2000" class="citation book cs1">Hassan II, King of Morocco (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45064335">Le génie de la modération : réflexions sur les vérités de l'islam</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Laurent_(journalist)" title="Éric Laurent (journalist)">Éric Laurent</a>. Paris: Plon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-259-19321-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-259-19321-8"><bdi>2-259-19321-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45064335">45064335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+g%C3%A9nie+de+la+mod%C3%A9ration+%3A+r%C3%A9flexions+sur+les+v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9s+de+l%27islam&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45064335&rft.isbn=2-259-19321-8&rft.aulast=Hassan+II&rft.aufirst=King+of+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F45064335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">History of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">List of rulers of Morocco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Mohammed Ben Arafa's title is not recognized by the Moroccan government. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-tehrantimes.com-107">[106]</a> declared forty days of mourning and closure of offices for three days; <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a><a href="#cite_note-tehrantimes.com-107">[106]</a> declared seven days of mourning and ordered public offices closed on Saturday; <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> declared seven days of mourning; <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> all declared three days of mourning.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Kwame Badu Antwi-Boasiako; Okyere B. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXepyfLYDIcC">Traditional Institutions and Public Administration in Democratic Africa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155102/https://books.google.com/books?id=OXepyfLYDIcC">Archived</a> 18 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", (2009), p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ahl-al-Bayt">"Ahl al-Bayt"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710034428/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ahl-al-Bayt">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ahl+al-Bayt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAhl-al-Bayt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-3"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hassan-II">"Hassan II, king of Morocco"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723101120/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hassan-II">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hassan+II%2C+king+of+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHassan-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_obit-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_obit_4-15">p</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory1999" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Joseph (24 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/24/world/hassan-ii-of-morocco-dies-at-70-a-monarch-oriented-to-the-west.html">"Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203195120/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/24/world/hassan-ii-of-morocco-dies-at-70-a-monarch-oriented-to-the-west.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hassan+II+of+Morocco+Dies+at+70%3B+A+Monarch+Oriented+to+the+West&rft.date=1999-07-24&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Fhassan-ii-of-morocco-dies-at-70-a-monarch-oriented-to-the-west.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller_modern_history-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_modern_history_5-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2013" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Susan Gilson (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855022840">A History of Modern Morocco</a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139045834">10.1017/CBO9781139045834</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-62469-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-62469-5"><bdi>978-1-139-62469-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/855022840">855022840</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702181854/http://worldcat.org/oclc/855022840">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Morocco&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F855022840&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139045834&rft.isbn=978-1-139-62469-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Susan+Gilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F855022840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan_II1993" class="citation book cs1">Hassan II, King of Morocco (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28547610">La mémoire d'un roi : entretiens avec Eric Laurent</a>. Éric Laurent. Paris: Plon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-259-02596-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-259-02596-X"><bdi>2-259-02596-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28547610">28547610</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125161556/https://www.worldcat.org/title/memoire-dun-roi-entretiens-avec-eric-laurent/oclc/28547610">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+m%C3%A9moire+d%27un+roi+%3A+entretiens+avec+Eric+Laurent&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28547610&rft.isbn=2-259-02596-X&rft.aulast=Hassan+II&rft.aufirst=King+of+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F28547610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arabic.cnn.com/world/2015/10/31/ben-barka-morocco-0">"قضية المهدي بن بركة تعود للواجهة بقوة في المغرب بعد مرور نصف قرن على اختطافه"</a>. CNN Arabic (in Arabic). 30 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306081413/https://arabic.cnn.com/world/2015/10/31/ben-barka-morocco-0">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Arabic&rft.atitle=%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1+%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farabic.cnn.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2F10%2F31%2Fben-barka-morocco-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoindreauPenz1949" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Coindreau, Roger; Penz, Charles (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7WhxAAAAMAAJ&q=maroc+prince+Moulay+Hassan+baccalaur%C3%A9at">Le Maroc: Maroc français, Maroc espagnol, Tanger</a> (in French). Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales. p. 60. <q>Prince Moulay el-Hassan passed the second part of the baccalaureate in June 1948. He studied at the Imperial College with his brother Moulay Abdallah under the direction of French and Moroccan professors</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Maroc%3A+Maroc+fran%C3%A7ais%2C+Maroc+espagnol%2C+Tanger&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+d%27%C3%A9ditions+g%C3%A9ographiques%2C+maritimes+et+coloniales&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Coindreau&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Penz%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7WhxAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmaroc%2Bprince%2BMoulay%2BHassan%2Bbaccalaur%25C3%25A9at&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyrop1972" class="citation book cs1">Nyrop, Richard F. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ma57JxwfGV0C&dq=Lalla+Aisha+studies+university&pg=PA165">Area Handbook for Morocco</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+Morocco&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Nyrop&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMa57JxwfGV0C%26dq%3DLalla%2BAisha%2Bstudies%2Buniversity%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041011214635/http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/generalities/hismajesty/hismajesty.html">"His Majesty King Hassan II"</a>. Moroccan Ministry of Communication. 11 October 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/generalities/hismajesty/hismajesty.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2004. Retrieved 15 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moroccan+Ministry+of+Communication&rft.atitle=His+Majesty+King+Hassan+II&rft.date=2004-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mincom.gov.ma%2Fenglish%2Fgeneralities%2Fhismajesty%2Fhismajesty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenmansour1969" class="citation book cs1">Benmansour, Abdelouahab (1969). Hassan II, sa vie, sa lutte, ses réalisations. Rabat: Imprimerie Royale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hassan+II%2C+sa+vie%2C+sa+lutte%2C+ses+r%C3%A9alisations&rft.place=Rabat&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Royale&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Benmansour&rft.aufirst=Abdelouahab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLugan1992" class="citation book cs1">Lugan, Bernard (1992). Histoire du Maroc. Paris: Critérion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782741300229" title="Special:BookSources/9782741300229"><bdi>9782741300229</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Maroc&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Crit%C3%A9rion&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9782741300229&rft.aulast=Lugan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorval1956" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Corval, Pierre (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L70vAAAAIAAJ&q=Le+Maroc+en+r%C3%A9volution.+By+Pierre+Corval+%C2%B7+1956+Hassan+son+doctorat">Le Maroc en révolution</a> (in French). Éditions T.C. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Maroc+en+r%C3%A9volution&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+T.C.&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Corval&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL70vAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DLe%2BMaroc%2Ben%2Br%25C3%25A9volution.%2BBy%2BPierre%2BCorval%2B%25C2%25B7%2B1956%2BHassan%2Bson%2Bdoctorat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalherbe1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Malherbe, Marc (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aoEgfyg2l98C&dq=maroc+prince+Moulay+Hassan+%C3%A9tudes+doctorat&pg=PA152">La Faculté de Droit de Bordeaux: (1870 - 1970)</a> (in French). Presses Univ de Bordeaux. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86781-163-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86781-163-0"><bdi>978-2-86781-163-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Facult%C3%A9+de+Droit+de+Bordeaux%3A+%281870+-+1970%29&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Presses+Univ+de+Bordeaux&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-86781-163-0&rft.aulast=Malherbe&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaoEgfyg2l98C%26dq%3Dmaroc%2Bprince%2BMoulay%2BHassan%2B%25C3%25A9tudes%2Bdoctorat%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/la-conference-danfa-une-etape-decisive-dans-lhistoire-de-la-deuxieme-guerre-mondiale">"La Conférence d'Anfa, une étape décisive dans l'histoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale"</a>. Maroc.ma (in French). 21 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122191245/https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/la-conference-danfa-une-etape-decisive-dans-lhistoire-de-la-deuxieme-guerre-mondiale">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maroc.ma&rft.atitle=La+Conf%C3%A9rence+d%27Anfa%2C+une+%C3%A9tape+d%C3%A9cisive+dans+l%27histoire+de+la+deuxi%C3%A8me+guerre+mondiale&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maroc.ma%2Ffr%2Factualites%2Fla-conference-danfa-une-etape-decisive-dans-lhistoire-de-la-deuxieme-guerre-mondiale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1993-01-16-9301030814-story.html">"Lesson of Casablanca Conference Timely After 50 Years: Have Clear Goals"</a>. 16 January 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418203354/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1993-01-16-9301030814-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lesson+of+Casablanca+Conference+Timely+After+50+Years%3A+Have+Clear+Goals&rft.date=1993-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-1993-01-16-9301030814-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tanger-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tanger_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tanger_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenargane" class="citation web cs1">Benargane, Yassine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/52704/avril-1947-mohammed-tanger-pour.html">"Mohammed V à Tanger pour prononcer son discours historique"</a>. Yabiladi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913171852/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/52704/avril-1947-mohammed-tanger-pour.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=Mohammed+V+%C3%A0+Tanger+pour+prononcer+son+discours+historique&rft.aulast=Benargane&rft.aufirst=Yassine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F52704%2Favril-1947-mohammed-tanger-pour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouhsine" class="citation web cs1">Mouhsine, Réda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/2017/04/09/5-choses-savoir-discours-tanger-prononce-mohammed-v_1542574">"5 choses à savoir sur le discours de Tanger prononcé par Mohammed V"</a>. Telquel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122161656/https://telquel.ma/2017/04/09/5-choses-savoir-discours-tanger-prononce-mohammed-v_1542574">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel&rft.atitle=5+choses+%C3%A0+savoir+sur+le+discours+de+Tanger+prononc%C3%A9+par+Mohammed+V&rft.aulast=Mouhsine&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9da&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2F2017%2F04%2F09%2F5-choses-savoir-discours-tanger-prononce-mohammed-v_1542574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumann1980" class="citation journal cs1">Neumann, Robert G. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325990">"Review of The Challenge: The Memoirs of King Hassan II of Morocco, King Hassan, II"</a>. Middle East Journal. 34 (1): 79–80. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325990">4325990</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125161606/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325990">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Challenge%3A+The+Memoirs+of+King+Hassan+II+of+Morocco%2C+King+Hassan%2C+II&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325990%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBÉZIE2013" class="citation web cs1">BÉZIE, Grégoire (3 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/2013/10/03/en-1953-l-exil-corse-du-roi-mohammed-v-du-maroc-331057.html">"En 1953, l'exil corse du roi Mohammed V du Maroc"</a>. France 3 Corse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122161245/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/corse/2013/10/03/en-1953-l-exil-corse-du-roi-mohammed-v-du-maroc-331057.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+3+Corse&rft.atitle=En+1953%2C+l%27exil+corse+du+roi+Mohammed+V+du+Maroc&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft.aulast=B%C3%89ZIE&rft.aufirst=Gr%C3%A9goire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fcorse%2F2013%2F10%2F03%2Fen-1953-l-exil-corse-du-roi-mohammed-v-du-maroc-331057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/retour-de-lexil-de-feu-sm-mohammed-v-un-evenement-glorieux-dans-lhistoire-de-la-lutte-pour-lindependance-du-maroc">"Retour de l'exil de Feu SM Mohammed V : Un événement glorieux dans l'histoire de la lutte pour l'indépendance du Maroc"</a>. Aujourd'hui Le Maroc. 18 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122161245/https://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/retour-de-lexil-de-feu-sm-mohammed-v-un-evenement-glorieux-dans-lhistoire-de-la-lutte-pour-lindependance-du-maroc">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aujourd%27hui+Le+Maroc&rft.atitle=Retour+de+l%27exil+de+Feu+SM+Mohammed+V+%3A+Un+%C3%A9v%C3%A9nement+glorieux+dans+l%27histoire+de+la+lutte+pour+l%27ind%C3%A9pendance+du+Maroc&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faujourdhui.ma%2Factualite%2Fretour-de-lexil-de-feu-sm-mohammed-v-un-evenement-glorieux-dans-lhistoire-de-la-lutte-pour-lindependance-du-maroc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruner1984" class="citation book cs1">Gruner, Roger (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11896423">Du Maroc traditionnel au Maroc moderne : le contrôle civil au Maroc, 1912-1956</a>. Paris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7233-0226-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7233-0226-1"><bdi>2-7233-0226-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11896423">11896423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Du+Maroc+traditionnel+au+Maroc+moderne+%3A+le+contr%C3%B4le+civil+au+Maroc%2C+1912-1956&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11896423&rft.isbn=2-7233-0226-1&rft.aulast=Gruner&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11896423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zamane.ma/lautre-mohammed-vi/">"L'autre Mohammed VI"</a>. Zamane (in French). 30 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803183905/http://zamane.ma/fr/lautre-mohammed-vi/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zamane&rft.atitle=L%27autre+Mohammed+VI&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzamane.ma%2Flautre-mohammed-vi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichbalHamndani" class="citation web cs1">Michbal, Mehdi; Hamndani, Hassan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/2016/11/21/exil-alaouites-vraie-histoire_1524468">"La vraie histoire de l'exil de Mohammed V à Madagascar"</a>. Telquel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122161247/https://telquel.ma/2016/11/21/exil-alaouites-vraie-histoire_1524468">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel&rft.atitle=La+vraie+histoire+de+l%27exil+de+Mohammed+V+%C3%A0+Madagascar&rft.aulast=Michbal&rft.aufirst=Mehdi&rft.au=Hamndani%2C+Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2F2016%2F11%2F21%2Fexil-alaouites-vraie-histoire_1524468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAit_Akdim2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ait Akdim, Youssef (28 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/04/28/le-temps-qui-passe-n-eteint-pas-la-colere-d-al-hoceima-dans-le-nord-du-maroc_5119340_3212.html">"Le temps qui passe n'éteint pas la colère d'Al-Hoceima, dans le nord du Maroc"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125150007/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/04/28/le-temps-qui-passe-n-eteint-pas-la-colere-d-al-hoceima-dans-le-nord-du-maroc_5119340_3212.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+temps+qui+passe+n%27%C3%A9teint+pas+la+col%C3%A8re+d%27Al-Hoceima%2C+dans+le+nord+du+Maroc&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.aulast=Ait+Akdim&rft.aufirst=Youssef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fafrique%2Farticle%2F2017%2F04%2F28%2Fle-temps-qui-passe-n-eteint-pas-la-colere-d-al-hoceima-dans-le-nord-du-maroc_5119340_3212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelbachir1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Belbachir, Abdellatif (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6APgnAAACAAJ">Atlas: Hassan II, roi militant</a> (in French). Impr. idéale. p. 355. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155049/https://books.google.com/books?id=6APgnAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas%3A+Hassan+II%2C+roi+militant&rft.pages=355&rft.pub=Impr.+id%C3%A9ale&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Belbachir&rft.aufirst=Abdellatif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6APgnAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cac-28"><a href="#cite_ref-cac_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin1975" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Vera (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCRNRGOhNA4C">Cannabis and Culture</a>. Mouton Publishers / Aldine. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110812060" title="Special:BookSources/9783110812060"><bdi>9783110812060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+Culture&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Mouton+Publishers+%2F+Aldine&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9783110812060&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCRNRGOhNA4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oufkir_un_destin_marocain-29"><a href="#cite_ref-oufkir_un_destin_marocain_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Stephen (2002). Oufkir : un destin marocain. Paris: Hachette Littératures. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782012790483" title="Special:BookSources/9782012790483"><bdi>9782012790483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oufkir+%3A+un+destin+marocain&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette+Litt%C3%A9ratures&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9782012790483&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Giniger1972" class="citation news cs1">Henry Giniger (18 August 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/18/archives/key-morocco-aide-apparent-suicide-defense-chief-found-dead-after-2d.html">"Key Morocco Aide Apparent Suicide"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122201645/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/18/archives/key-morocco-aide-apparent-suicide-defense-chief-found-dead-after-2d.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Key+Morocco+Aide+Apparent+Suicide&rft.date=1972-08-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Henry+Giniger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F08%2F18%2Farchives%2Fkey-morocco-aide-apparent-suicide-defense-chief-found-dead-after-2d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacouture1961" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lacouture, Jean (1 May 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1961/05/LACOUTURE/24244">"Le début du règne de Hassan II révèle que le nouveau roi du Maroc ne manque pas de bons atouts"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135012/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1961/05/LACOUTURE/24244">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Le+d%C3%A9but+du+r%C3%A8gne+de+Hassan+II+r%C3%A9v%C3%A8le+que+le+nouveau+roi+du+Maroc+ne+manque+pas+de+bons+atouts&rft.date=1961-05-01&rft.aulast=Lacouture&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F1961%2F05%2FLACOUTURE%2F24244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHMorocco-32"><a href="#cite_ref-AHMorocco_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyrop1972" class="citation book cs1">Nyrop, Richard (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K28sAAAAYAAJ">Area Handbook for Morocco</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 164. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155103/https://books.google.com/books?id=K28sAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+Morocco&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Nyrop&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK28sAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBicknell2022" class="citation web cs1">Bicknell, Julia (30 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/blogs/1/2208/how-the-inter-faith-spirit-of-toumliline-lives-on-50-years-after-moroccan-monastery-closed">"How the inter-faith 'spirit of Toumliline' lives on 50 years after Moroccan monastery closed"</a>. The Tablet. The Tablet Publishing Company. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tablet&rft.atitle=How+the+inter-faith+%27spirit+of+Toumliline%27+lives+on+50+years+after+Moroccan+monastery+closed&rft.date=2022-09-30&rft.aulast=Bicknell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetablet.co.uk%2Fblogs%2F1%2F2208%2Fhow-the-inter-faith-spirit-of-toumliline-lives-on-50-years-after-moroccan-monastery-closed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-changing_face_of_morocco-34"><a href="#cite_ref-changing_face_of_morocco_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberson2014" class="citation journal cs1">Roberson, Jennifer (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.22.1.0057">"The Changing Face of Morocco under King Hassan II"</a>. Mediterranean Studies. 22 (1): 57–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fmediterraneanstu.22.1.0057">10.5325/mediterraneanstu.22.1.0057</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.22.1.0057">10.5325/mediterraneanstu.22.1.0057</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194086873">194086873</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118003736/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.22.1.0057">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Face+of+Morocco+under+King+Hassan+II&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194086873%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5325%2Fmediterraneanstu.22.1.0057%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5325%2Fmediterraneanstu.22.1.0057&rft.aulast=Roberson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5325%2Fmediterraneanstu.22.1.0057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ma1962.htm">"Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, 1962"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121204945/https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ma1962.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Kingdom+of+Morocco%2C+1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Fconstit%2Fma1962.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gleijeses159-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gleijeses159_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gleijeses159_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleijeses1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Piero_Gleijeses" title="Piero Gleijeses">Gleijeses, Piero</a> (1996). "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961–1965". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Latin_American_Studies" title="Journal of Latin American Studies">Journal of Latin American Studies</a>. 28 (1): 159–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022216x00012670">10.1017/s0022216x00012670</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/157991">157991</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144610436">144610436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Latin+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Cuba%27s+First+Venture+in+Africa%3A+Algeria%2C+1961%E2%80%931965&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144610436%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F157991%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022216x00012670&rft.aulast=Gleijeses&rft.aufirst=Piero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7304361.stm">"Morocco 'Facebook prince' pardon"</a>. BBC. 19 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320174115/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7304361.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Morocco+%27Facebook+prince%27+pardon&rft.date=2008-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7304361.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2007" class="citation news cs1">Hamilton, Richard (13 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6256131.stm">"Laughter, freedom and religion in Morocco"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314163149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6256131.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Laughter%2C+freedom+and+religion+in+Morocco&rft.date=2007-01-13&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Ffrom_our_own_correspondent%2F6256131.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Joffé" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">George Joffé. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9403363/Morocco">"Morocco"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507113629/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9403363/Morocco">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morocco&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.au=George+Joff%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9403363%2FMorocco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlyomovics2001" class="citation journal cs1">Slyomovics, Susan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559305">"A Truth Commission for Morocco"</a>. Middle East Report (218): 18–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1559305">10.2307/1559305</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-2851">0899-2851</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559305">1559305</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129100403/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559305">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=A+Truth+Commission+for+Morocco&rft.issue=218&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0899-2851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1559305%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1559305&rft.aulast=Slyomovics&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1559305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazan2006" class="citation web cs1">Hazan, Pierre (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep12365">"Morocco: Betting on a Truth and Reconciliation Commission"</a>. US Institute of Peace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125150006/https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep12365">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morocco%3A+Betting+on+a+Truth+and+Reconciliation+Commission&rft.pub=US+Institute+of+Peace&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hazan&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fresrep12365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYabiladi.com" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yabiladi.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/52137/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-1965-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9.html"><bdi lang="ar">23 مارس 1965..عندما تحولت شوارع الدار البيضاء إلى أنهار من الدماء</bdi></a>. yabiladi.ma (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331121813/https://ar.yabiladi.com/articles/details/52137/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-1965-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yabiladi.ma&rft.atitle=23+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+1965..%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1&rft.au=Yabiladi.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.ma%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F52137%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3-1965-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/sponsors/comment-hassan-ii-a-tue-la-philosophie_1603021?fbrefresh=7">"Comment Hassan II a tué la philosophie"</a>. Telquel.ma (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126210655/https://telquel.ma/sponsors/comment-hassan-ii-a-tue-la-philosophie_1603021?fbrefresh=7">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel.ma&rft.atitle=Comment+Hassan+II+a+tu%C3%A9+la+philosophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2Fsponsors%2Fcomment-hassan-ii-a-tue-la-philosophie_1603021%3Ffbrefresh%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1970/03/A/29529">"Le Maroc, dans la voie du développement et du progrès"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). 1 March 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135010/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1970/03/A/29529">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Le+Maroc%2C+dans+la+voie+du+d%C3%A9veloppement+et+du+progr%C3%A8s&rft.date=1970-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F1970%2F03%2FA%2F29529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenargane" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benargane, Yassine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/54407/histoire-juin-1965-quand-hassan.html">"Le 7 juin 1965, quand Hassan II déclarait l'état d'exception au Maroc"</a>. Yabiladi.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125211643/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/54407/histoire-juin-1965-quand-hassan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi.com&rft.atitle=Le+7+juin+1965%2C+quand+Hassan+II+d%C3%A9clarait+l%27%C3%A9tat+d%27exception+au+Maroc&rft.aulast=Benargane&rft.aufirst=Yassine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F54407%2Fhistoire-juin-1965-quand-hassan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation book cs1">Bergman, Ronen (2018). Rise and kill first: the secret history of Israel's targeted assassinations. Translated by Ronnie Hope. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6971-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6971-2"><bdi>978-1-4000-6971-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1019731689">1019731689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+and+kill+first%3A+the+secret+history+of+Israel%27s+targeted+assassinations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1019731689&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6971-2&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/monde/les-revolutions-arabes/20110304.OBS9107/maroc-le-roi-cree-un-conseil-national-des-droits-de-l-homme.html">"Maroc: le roi crée un Conseil national des droits de l'homme"</a>. L'Obs (in French). 4 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126140400/https://www.nouvelobs.com/monde/les-revolutions-arabes/20110304.OBS9107/maroc-le-roi-cree-un-conseil-national-des-droits-de-l-homme.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=Maroc%3A+le+roi+cr%C3%A9e+un+Conseil+national+des+droits+de+l%27homme&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fmonde%2Fles-revolutions-arabes%2F20110304.OBS9107%2Fmaroc-le-roi-cree-un-conseil-national-des-droits-de-l-homme.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/opinion-fr/maroc-la-grace-royale-une-strategie-pour-apaiser-la-contestation">"Maroc : la grâce royale, une stratégie pour apaiser la contestation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126144717/https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/opinion-fr/maroc-la-grace-royale-une-strategie-pour-apaiser-la-contestation">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Maroc+%3A+la+gr%C3%A2ce+royale%2C+une+strat%C3%A9gie+pour+apaiser+la+contestation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Ffr%2Fopinion-fr%2Fmaroc-la-grace-royale-une-strategie-pour-apaiser-la-contestation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14121438">"Morocco country profile"</a>. BBC News. 14 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127170356/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14121438">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Morocco+country+profile&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-14121438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FH1972-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FH1972_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedom_House2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls">"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012"</a> (XLS). Retrieved 22 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+ratings+and+status%2C+FIW+1973-2012&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Freedom+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FFIW%2520All%2520Scores%252C%2520Countries%252C%25201973-2012%2520%2528FINAL%2529.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_51-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyropNelson1978" class="citation book cs1">Nyrop, Richard F.; Nelson, Harold D. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298167">Morocco, a country study</a>. DA pam 550 ; 49. Washington: Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204164000/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298167">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morocco%2C+a+country+study&rft.place=Washington&rft.series=DA+pam+550+%3B+49&rft.pub=Dept.+of+Defense%2C+Dept.+of+the+Army+%3A+for+sale+by+the+Supt.+of+Docs.%2C+U.S.+Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Nyrop&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Harold+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001298167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIslah2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Islah, Fadwa (27 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1251790/politique/maroc-makhzen-mode-demploi-les-confidences-exclusives-dabdelhak-el-merini-porte-parole-du-palais/">"Makhzen, mode d'emploi… Les confidences exclusives d'Abdelhak El Merini, porte-parole du Palais"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127235258/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1251790/politique/maroc-makhzen-mode-demploi-les-confidences-exclusives-dabdelhak-el-merini-porte-parole-du-palais/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Makhzen%2C+mode+d%27emploi%E2%80%A6+Les+confidences+exclusives+d%27Abdelhak+El+Merini%2C+porte-parole+du+Palais&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Islah&rft.aufirst=Fadwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F1251790%2Fpolitique%2Fmaroc-makhzen-mode-demploi-les-confidences-exclusives-dabdelhak-el-merini-porte-parole-du-palais%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoublet2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Doublet, Pierre (2 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/le-complot-de-skhirat_482688.html">"Le complot de Skhirat"</a>. L'Express (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128010329/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/le-complot-de-skhirat_482688.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Le+complot+de+Skhirat&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.aulast=Doublet&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fmonde%2Fafrique%2Fle-complot-de-skhirat_482688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1971/07/14/dix-officiers-dont-quatre-generaux-ont-ete-fusilles-au-maroc_2453888_1819218.html">"Dix officiers, dont quatre généraux ont été fusillés au Maroc"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 14 July 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128181205/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1971/07/14/dix-officiers-dont-quatre-generaux-ont-ete-fusilles-au-maroc_2453888_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Dix+officiers%2C+dont+quatre+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux+ont+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fusill%C3%A9s+au+Maroc&rft.date=1971-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1971%2F07%2F14%2Fdix-officiers-dont-quatre-generaux-ont-ete-fusilles-au-maroc_2453888_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamlili2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lamlili, Nadia (11 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/255319/politique/palais-de-skhirat-au-maroc-hassan-ii-un-roi-miracule/">"Palais de Skhirat au Maroc : Hassan II, un roi miraculé"</a>. Jeune Afrique (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128001745/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/255319/politique/palais-de-skhirat-au-maroc-hassan-ii-un-roi-miracule/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jeune+Afrique&rft.atitle=Palais+de+Skhirat+au+Maroc+%3A+Hassan+II%2C+un+roi+miracul%C3%A9&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.aulast=Lamlili&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2Fmag%2F255319%2Fpolitique%2Fpalais-de-skhirat-au-maroc-hassan-ii-un-roi-miracule%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/08/18/le-souverain-a-echappe-par-deux-fois-aux-tirs-des-aviateurs-rebelles_3141503_1819218.html">"Le souverain a échappé par deux fois aux tirs des aviateurs rebelles"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 18 August 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206034154/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/08/18/le-souverain-a-echappe-par-deux-fois-aux-tirs-des-aviateurs-rebelles_3141503_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+souverain+a+%C3%A9chapp%C3%A9+par+deux+fois+aux+tirs+des+aviateurs+rebelles&rft.date=1972-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1972%2F08%2F18%2Fle-souverain-a-echappe-par-deux-fois-aux-tirs-des-aviateurs-rebelles_3141503_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zamane.ma/coup-detat-des-aviateurs-lincroyable-fuite-damekrane-a-gibraltar-zamane/">"Coup d'Etat des aviateurs: L'incroyable fuite d'Amekrane à Gibraltar"</a>. Zamane (in French). 18 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206025046/https://zamane.ma/coup-detat-des-aviateurs-lincroyable-fuite-damekrane-a-gibraltar-zamane/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zamane&rft.atitle=Coup+d%27Etat+des+aviateurs%3A+L%27incroyable+fuite+d%27Amekrane+%C3%A0+Gibraltar&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzamane.ma%2Fcoup-detat-des-aviateurs-lincroyable-fuite-damekrane-a-gibraltar-zamane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPautardAxelrad2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pautard, André; Axelrad, Madeleine (2 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/la-seconde-tentative-de-coup-d-etat_482687.html">"La seconde tentative de coup d'Etat"</a>. L'Express (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206025054/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/la-seconde-tentative-de-coup-d-etat_482687.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=La+seconde+tentative+de+coup+d%27Etat&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.aulast=Pautard&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Axelrad%2C+Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fmonde%2Fafrique%2Fla-seconde-tentative-de-coup-d-etat_482687.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zamane.ma/le-coup-detat-des-aviateurs-a-fait-huit-morts/">"Le coup d'Etat des aviateurs a fait huit morts"</a>. Zamane (in French). 5 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206034657/https://zamane.ma/le-coup-detat-des-aviateurs-a-fait-huit-morts/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zamane&rft.atitle=Le+coup+d%27Etat+des+aviateurs+a+fait+huit+morts&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzamane.ma%2Fle-coup-detat-des-aviateurs-a-fait-huit-morts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnyangwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Anyangwe, Carlson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/807760233">Revolutionary Overthrow of Constitutional Orders in Africa</a>. Mankon, Bamenda: Labngaa Research & Publishg CIG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9956-727-57-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9956-727-57-5"><bdi>978-9956-727-57-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/807760233">807760233</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206234224/https://www.worldcat.org/title/revolutionary-overthrow-of-constitutional-orders-in-africa/oclc/807760233">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+Overthrow+of+Constitutional+Orders+in+Africa&rft.place=Mankon%2C+Bamenda&rft.pub=Labngaa+Research+%26+Publishg+CIG&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F807760233&rft.isbn=978-9956-727-57-5&rft.aulast=Anyangwe&rft.aufirst=Carlson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F807760233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempest1991" class="citation web cs1">Tempest, Rone (16 April 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-16-wr-256-story.html">"Profile : Morocco's Hassan Survives Africa's Political Minefield"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206124956/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-16-wr-256-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Profile+%3A+Morocco%27s+Hassan+Survives+Africa%27s+Political+Minefield&rft.date=1991-04-16&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Rone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-04-16-wr-256-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/2014/07/03/histoire-justice-selon-hassan-ii_141206?fbrefresh=10">"Les procès politique du temps de Hassan II"</a>. Telquel.ma (in French). 4 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206025046/https://telquel.ma/2014/07/03/histoire-justice-selon-hassan-ii_141206?fbrefresh=10">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel.ma&rft.atitle=Les+proc%C3%A8s+politique+du+temps+de+Hassan+II&rft.date=2014-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2F2014%2F07%2F03%2Fhistoire-justice-selon-hassan-ii_141206%3Ffbrefresh%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/14/archives/morocco-executes-11-for-role-in-plot-to-assassinate-hassan-appeal.html">"Morocco Executes 11 for Role in Plot to Assassinate Hassan"</a>. The New York Times. 14 January 1973. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109075922/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/14/archives/morocco-executes-11-for-role-in-plot-to-assassinate-hassan-appeal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Morocco+Executes+11+for+Role+in+Plot+to+Assassinate+Hassan&rft.date=1973-01-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F01%2F14%2Farchives%2Fmorocco-executes-11-for-role-in-plot-to-assassinate-hassan-appeal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenargane" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benargane, Yassine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/56517/coup-d-etat-1972-maroc-gibraltar.html">"Coup d'Etat de 1972: Du Maroc à Gibraltar, quand la CEDH donnait raison à la veuve d'Amekrane contre le Royaume-Uni"</a>. Yabiladi (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818073025/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/56517/coup-d-etat-1972-maroc-gibraltar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=Coup+d%27Etat+de+1972%3A+Du+Maroc+%C3%A0+Gibraltar%2C+quand+la+CEDH+donnait+raison+%C3%A0+la+veuve+d%27Amekrane+contre+le+Royaume-Uni&rft.aulast=Benargane&rft.aufirst=Yassine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F56517%2Fcoup-d-etat-1972-maroc-gibraltar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne2001" class="citation web cs1">Byrne, Jennifer (11 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725151257/http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s340307.htm">"Interview with Malika Oufkir"</a>. Foreign Correspondent. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News (Australia)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s340307.htm">the original</a> on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Correspondent&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Malika+Oufkir&rft.date=2001-07-11&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fforeign%2Fstories%2Fs340307.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/38245/histoire-l-echec-coup-d-etat-aout.html">"Histoire: L'échec du coup d'Etat du 16 août 1972 a renforcé la stabilité du royaume"</a>. yabiladi.com (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206025051/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/38245/histoire-l-echec-coup-d-etat-aout.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yabiladi.com&rft.atitle=Histoire%3A+L%27%C3%A9chec+du+coup+d%27Etat+du+16+ao%C3%BBt+1972+a+renforc%C3%A9+la+stabilit%C3%A9+du+royaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F38245%2Fhistoire-l-echec-coup-d-etat-aout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalafrej1962" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Balafrej, Ahmed (1 June 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1962/06/BALAFREJ/24768">"La charte de Casablanca et l'unité africaine"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319172756/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1962/06/BALAFREJ/24768">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=La+charte+de+Casablanca+et+l%27unit%C3%A9+africaine&rft.date=1962-06-01&rft.aulast=Balafrej&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F1962%2F06%2FBALAFREJ%2F24768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1961/09/08/les-relations-franco-marocaines-sont-actuellement-excellentes-declare-le-roi-hassan-ii_2276266_1819218.html">"Les Relations Franco-Marocaines sont actuellement excellentes déclare le roi Hassan II"</a>. Le Monde.fr (in French). 8 September 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309213341/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1961/09/08/les-relations-franco-marocaines-sont-actuellement-excellentes-declare-le-roi-hassan-ii_2276266_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Les+Relations+Franco-Marocaines+sont+actuellement+excellentes+d%C3%A9clare+le+roi+Hassan+II&rft.date=1961-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1961%2F09%2F08%2Fles-relations-franco-marocaines-sont-actuellement-excellentes-declare-le-roi-hassan-ii_2276266_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrittain2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Brittain" title="Victoria Brittain">Brittain, Victoria</a> (2 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,515405,00.html">"Ben Barka killed with French help"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155050/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jul/02/victoriabrittain">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ben+Barka+killed+with+French+help&rft.date=2001-07-02&rft.aulast=Brittain&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Finternational%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C515405%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/article-politique-143.html">"Le roi du Maroc, président du comité Al Qods"</a>. Yabiladi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135008/https://www.yabiladi.com/article-politique-143.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=Le+roi+du+Maroc%2C+pr%C3%A9sident+du+comit%C3%A9+Al+Qods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticle-politique-143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMousjid" class="citation web cs1">Mousjid, Bilal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ledesk.ma/grandangle/qua-fait-le-comite-al-qods-pour-la-palestine/">"Qu'a fait le Comité Al-Qods pour la Palestine ?"</a>. Le Desk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135008/https://ledesk.ma/grandangle/qua-fait-le-comite-al-qods-pour-la-palestine/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Desk&rft.atitle=Qu%27a+fait+le+Comit%C3%A9+Al-Qods+pour+la+Palestine+%3F&rft.aulast=Mousjid&rft.aufirst=Bilal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fledesk.ma%2Fgrandangle%2Fqua-fait-le-comite-al-qods-pour-la-palestine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmaq.org/presentation/">"Aperçu sur de l'Agence : Projets et Réalisations – Bayt Mal Al Qods Asharif Agency"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213140417/https://bmaq.org/presentation/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aper%C3%A7u+sur+de+l%27Agence+%3A+Projets+et+R%C3%A9alisations+%E2%80%93+Bayt+Mal+Al+Qods+Asharif+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmaq.org%2Fpresentation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmaq.org/leducation/">"L'éducation – Bayt Mal Al Qods Asharif Agency"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234927/https://bmaq.org/leducation/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9ducation+%E2%80%93+Bayt+Mal+Al+Qods+Asharif+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmaq.org%2Fleducation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrama2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brama, Keme (26 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abidjan.net/articles/341111/islam-et-christianisme">"Islam et christianisme"</a>. Abidjan.net (in French). Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abidjan.net&rft.atitle=Islam+et+christianisme&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.aulast=Brama&rft.aufirst=Keme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abidjan.net%2Farticles%2F341111%2Fislam-et-christianisme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aujourdhui.ma/focus/la-tolerance-au-maroc-une-obligation-identitaire-5629">"La tolérance au Maroc : une obligation identitaire"</a>. Aujourd'hui le Maroc (in French). 20 December 2001. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aujourd%27hui+le+Maroc&rft.atitle=La+tol%C3%A9rance+au+Maroc+%3A+une+obligation+identitaire&rft.date=2001-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faujourdhui.ma%2Ffocus%2Fla-tolerance-au-maroc-une-obligation-identitaire-5629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_76-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-look-at-israels-decades-long-covert-intelligence-ties-with-morocco/">"A look at Israel's decades-long covert intelligence ties with Morocco"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210915205047/https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-look-at-israels-decades-long-covert-intelligence-ties-with-morocco/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=A+look+at+Israel%27s+decades-long+covert+intelligence+ties+with+Morocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fa-look-at-israels-decades-long-covert-intelligence-ties-with-morocco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="israel_pm_visit" class="citation journal cs1">Alaoui, Hassan II (1 October 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2537039">"The Israeli Prime Minister's Visit to Morocco"</a>. Journal of Palestine Studies. 16 (1): 164–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2537039">10.2307/2537039</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537039">2537039</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119005235/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537039">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Israeli+Prime+Minister%27s+Visit+to+Morocco&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537039%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2537039&rft.aulast=Alaoui&rft.aufirst=Hassan+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottreich2020" class="citation book cs1">Gottreich, Emily (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/jewish-morocco-a-history-from-pre-islamic-to-postcolonial-times">Jewish Morocco: A History from Pre-Islamic to Postcolonial Times</a>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781838603601.ch-001">10.5040/9781838603601.ch-001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-849-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-849-6"><bdi>978-1-78076-849-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241423198">241423198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Morocco%3A+A+History+from+Pre-Islamic+to+Postcolonial+Times&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241423198%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781838603601.ch-001&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-849-6&rft.aulast=Gottreich&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburycollections.com%2Fbook%2Fjewish-morocco-a-history-from-pre-islamic-to-postcolonial-times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alaoual.com/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9/67304.html"><bdi lang="ar">هكذا وافقت السلطات المغربية على تهجير اليهود بين 1956 و1964</bdi></a>. الأول (in Arabic). 6 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190711231928/https://alaoual.com/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9/67304.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84&rft.atitle=%D9%87%D9%83%D8%B0%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+1956+%D9%881964&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falaoual.com%2F%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a6%25d9%258a%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9%2F67304.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzulc1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tad_Szulc" title="Tad Szulc">Szulc, Tad</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretallianceex00szul">The Secret Alliance: The Extraordinary Story of the Rescue of the Jews Since World War II</a>. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-24946-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-24946-5"><bdi>978-0-374-24946-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Alliance%3A+The+Extraordinary+Story+of+the+Rescue+of+the+Jews+Since+World+War+II&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+%26+Giroux&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-374-24946-5&rft.aulast=Szulc&rft.aufirst=Tad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretallianceex00szul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-81"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurkes" class="citation web cs1">Surkes, Sue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/morocco-tipped-off-israeli-intelligence-helped-israel-win-six-day-war/">"Morocco tipped off Israeli intelligence, 'helped Israel win Six Day War'"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108135907/https://www.timesofisrael.com/morocco-tipped-off-israeli-intelligence-helped-israel-win-six-day-war/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Morocco+tipped+off+Israeli+intelligence%2C+%27helped+Israel+win+Six+Day+War%27&rft.aulast=Surkes&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fmorocco-tipped-off-israeli-intelligence-helped-israel-win-six-day-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Bergman, Ronen</a> (2018). Rise And Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations. Random House. pp. 86–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6971-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6971-2"><bdi>978-1-4000-6971-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+And+Kill+First%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Israel%27s+Targeted+Assassinations&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6971-2&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/israel-tried-to-kill-bin-laden-in-1996-paper/story-q6YYHScUw0rnjRs1qV3J7H.html">"Israel tried to kill Bin Laden in 1996: Paper"</a>. Hindustan Times. 26 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135007/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/israel-tried-to-kill-bin-laden-in-1996-paper/story-q6YYHScUw0rnjRs1qV3J7H.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+tried+to+kill+Bin+Laden+in+1996%3A+Paper&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fisrael-tried-to-kill-bin-laden-in-1996-paper%2Fstory-q6YYHScUw0rnjRs1qV3J7H.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Serre1966" class="citation journal cs1">de la Serre, Françoise (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43114982">"Les Revendications Marocaines Sur la Mauritanie"</a>. Revue française de science politique. 16 (2): 320–331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frfsp.1966.418461">10.3406/rfsp.1966.418461</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-2950">0035-2950</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43114982">43114982</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204215340/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43114982">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+fran%C3%A7aise+de+science+politique&rft.atitle=Les+Revendications+Marocaines+Sur+la+Mauritanie&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E320-%3C%2Fspan%3E331&rft.date=1966&rft.issn=0035-2950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43114982%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frfsp.1966.418461&rft.aulast=de+la+Serre&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43114982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/188357/politique/jour-maroc-a-quitte-lorganisation-de-lunite-africaine/">"Le jour où le Maroc a quitté l'Organisation de l'unité africaine"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 30 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204215341/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/188357/politique/jour-maroc-a-quitte-lorganisation-de-lunite-africaine/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Le+jour+o%C3%B9+le+Maroc+a+quitt%C3%A9+l%27Organisation+de+l%27unit%C3%A9+africaine&rft.date=2008-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F188357%2Fpolitique%2Fjour-maroc-a-quitte-lorganisation-de-lunite-africaine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouhsineMajdi" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mouhsine, Réda; Majdi, Yassine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/2017/02/01/12-novembre-1984-au-sommet-loua-siege-du-maroc-resta-vide_1533926?fbrefresh=8">"Quand le Maroc a claqué la porte de l'OUA (archive)"</a>. Telquel.ma (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204215341/https://telquel.ma/2017/02/01/12-novembre-1984-au-sommet-loua-siege-du-maroc-resta-vide_1533926?fbrefresh=8">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel.ma&rft.atitle=Quand+le+Maroc+a+claqu%C3%A9+la+porte+de+l%27OUA+%28archive%29&rft.aulast=Mouhsine&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9da&rft.au=Majdi%2C+Yassine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2F2017%2F02%2F01%2F12-novembre-1984-au-sommet-loua-siege-du-maroc-resta-vide_1533926%3Ffbrefresh%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoukari-Yabara2017" class="citation book cs1">Boukari-Yabara, Amzat (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/992770487">Africa unite! : une histoire du panafricanisme</a>. Paris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7071-9640-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7071-9640-8"><bdi>978-2-7071-9640-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/992770487">992770487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+unite%21+%3A+une+histoire+du+panafricanisme&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F992770487&rft.isbn=978-2-7071-9640-8&rft.aulast=Boukari-Yabara&rft.aufirst=Amzat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F992770487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2003/04/jimmy-carter-and-the-1979-decision-to-admit-the-shah-into-the-united-states/">"Jimmy Carter and the 1979 Decision to Admit the Shah into the United States"</a>. American Diplomacy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155109/https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2003/04/jimmy-carter-and-the-1979-decision-to-admit-the-shah-into-the-united-states/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Diplomacy&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Carter+and+the+1979+Decision+to+Admit+the+Shah+into+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericandiplomacy.web.unc.edu%2F2003%2F04%2Fjimmy-carter-and-the-1979-decision-to-admit-the-shah-into-the-united-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarsounPaul1976" class="citation journal cs1">Farsoun, Karen; Paul, Jim (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3011767">"War in the Sahara: 1963"</a>. MERIP Reports (45): 13–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3011767">10.2307/3011767</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7265">0047-7265</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3011767">3011767</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204210150/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3011767">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MERIP+Reports&rft.atitle=War+in+the+Sahara%3A+1963&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.date=1976&rft.issn=0047-7265&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3011767%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3011767&rft.aulast=Farsoun&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Paul%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3011767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYassineBabas" class="citation web cs1">Yassine, Benargane; Babas, Latifa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/56939/history-when-king-hassan-forbade.html">"When King Hassan II forbade Moroccans from celebrating Eid al-Adha"</a>. Yabiladi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204210151/https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/56939/history-when-king-hassan-forbade.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=When+King+Hassan+II+forbade+Moroccans+from+celebrating+Eid+al-Adha&rft.aulast=Yassine&rft.aufirst=Benargane&rft.au=Babas%2C+Latifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F56939%2Fhistory-when-king-hassan-forbade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlilat2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alilat, Farid (9 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/124805/archives-thematique/d-but-de-la-guerre-des-sables/">"Début de la guerre des Sables"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204210151/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/124805/archives-thematique/d-but-de-la-guerre-des-sables/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9but+de+la+guerre+des+Sables&rft.date=2007-10-09&rft.aulast=Alilat&rft.aufirst=Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F124805%2Farchives-thematique%2Fd-but-de-la-guerre-des-sables%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabas" class="citation web cs1">Babas, Latifa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/58148/october-1973-when-morocco-participated.html">"When Morocco participated to the Yom Kippur war"</a>. Yabiladi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323173240/https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/58148/october-1973-when-morocco-participated.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=When+Morocco+participated+to+the+Yom+Kippur+war&rft.aulast=Babas&rft.aufirst=Latifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F58148%2Foctober-1973-when-morocco-participated.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabas" class="citation web cs1">Babas, Latifa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/58208/kippur-were-moroccan-soldiers-betrayed.html">"Were Moroccan soldiers betrayed behind enemy lines by Syrian forces?"</a>. Yabiladi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204210155/https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/58208/kippur-were-moroccan-soldiers-betrayed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yabiladi&rft.atitle=Were+Moroccan+soldiers+betrayed+behind+enemy+lines+by+Syrian+forces%3F&rft.aulast=Babas&rft.aufirst=Latifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F58208%2Fkippur-were-moroccan-soldiers-betrayed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner1979" class="citation journal cs1">Weiner, Jerome B. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325817">"The Green March in Historical Perspective"</a>. Middle East Journal. 33 (1): 20–33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325817">4325817</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204215733/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4325817">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Green+March+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Jerome+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4325817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/western-sahara-polisario-front-leader-arrives-in-algeria/a-57764852">"Western Sahara: Polisario Front leader arrives in Algeria"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204215341/https://www.dw.com/en/western-sahara-polisario-front-leader-arrives-in-algeria/a-57764852">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Sahara%3A+Polisario+Front+leader+arrives+in+Algeria&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fwestern-sahara-polisario-front-leader-arrives-in-algeria%2Fa-57764852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zamane.ma/marocanisation-le-coup-de-poker-tente-par-hassan-ii-zamane/">"Marocanisation: Le coup de poker tenté par Hassan II"</a>. Zamane (in French). 14 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021054656/https://zamane.ma/marocanisation-le-coup-de-poker-tente-par-hassan-ii-zamane/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zamane&rft.atitle=Marocanisation%3A+Le+coup+de+poker+tent%C3%A9+par+Hassan+II&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzamane.ma%2Fmarocanisation-le-coup-de-poker-tente-par-hassan-ii-zamane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1981/03/06/hassan-ii-brosse-un-sombre-tableau-de-l-agriculture_2713884_1819218.html">"Hassan II brosse un sombre tableau de l'agriculture"</a>. Le Monde.fr (in French). 6 March 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021051642/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1981/03/06/hassan-ii-brosse-un-sombre-tableau-de-l-agriculture_2713884_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Hassan+II+brosse+un+sombre+tableau+de+l%27agriculture&rft.date=1981-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1981%2F03%2F06%2Fhassan-ii-brosse-un-sombre-tableau-de-l-agriculture_2713884_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orientxxi.info/magazine/maroc-hassan-ii-pote-et-despote,3201?no_js=oui">"Maroc. Hassan II, " pote " et despote"</a>. 22 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902214003/https://orientxxi.info/magazine/maroc-hassan-ii-pote-et-despote,3201?no_js=oui">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maroc.+Hassan+II%2C+%22+pote+%22+et+despote&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forientxxi.info%2Fmagazine%2Fmaroc-hassan-ii-pote-et-despote%2C3201%3Fno_js%3Doui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aujourdhui.ma/focus/marocanisation-un-systeme-et-des-echecs-17906">"Marocanisation : Un système et des échecs"</a>. Aujourd'hui le Maroc (in French). 7 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923110235/https://aujourdhui.ma/focus/marocanisation-un-systeme-et-des-echecs-17906">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aujourd%27hui+le+Maroc&rft.atitle=Marocanisation+%3A+Un+syst%C3%A8me+et+des+%C3%A9checs&rft.date=2004-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faujourdhui.ma%2Ffocus%2Fmarocanisation-un-systeme-et-des-echecs-17906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/57374/archives-thematique/guy-sorman-avocat-de-l-islam/">"Guy Sorman, avocat de l'islam – Jeune Afrique"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 2 April 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021051650/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/57374/archives-thematique/guy-sorman-avocat-de-l-islam/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Guy+Sorman%2C+avocat+de+l%27islam+%E2%80%93+Jeune+Afrique&rft.date=2003-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F57374%2Farchives-thematique%2Fguy-sorman-avocat-de-l-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/1992/12/les-operations-de-privatisation-au-maroc-demarreront-debut-93-938785">"Les opérations de privatisation au Maroc démarreront début 93"</a>. Les Echos (in French). 28 December 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021051642/https://www.lesechos.fr/1992/12/les-operations-de-privatisation-au-maroc-demarreront-debut-93-938785">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Echos&rft.atitle=Les+op%C3%A9rations+de+privatisation+au+Maroc+d%C3%A9marreront+d%C3%A9but+93&rft.date=1992-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F1992%2F12%2Fles-operations-de-privatisation-au-maroc-demarreront-debut-93-938785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orientxxi.info/magazine/maroc-le-roi-son-or-et-le-groupe-managem,3106?no_js=oui">"Maroc. Le roi, son or et le groupe Managem"</a>. 30 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022222545/https://orientxxi.info/magazine/maroc-le-roi-son-or-et-le-groupe-managem,3106?no_js=oui">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maroc.+Le+roi%2C+son+or+et+le+groupe+Managem&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forientxxi.info%2Fmagazine%2Fmaroc-le-roi-son-or-et-le-groupe-managem%2C3106%3Fno_js%3Doui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/07/25/la-mort-de-hassan-ii-roi-du-maroc_3579742_1819218.html">"La mort de Hassan II, roi du Maroc"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 25 July 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122191207/https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/07/25/la-mort-de-hassan-ii-roi-du-maroc_3579742_1819218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=La+mort+de+Hassan+II%2C+roi+du+Maroc&rft.date=1999-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1999%2F07%2F25%2Fla-mort-de-hassan-ii-roi-du-maroc_3579742_1819218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMataillet2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mataillet, Dominique (21 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/84636/politique/mort-de-hassan-ii/">"Mort de Hassan II"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122220613/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/84636/politique/mort-de-hassan-ii/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Mort+de+Hassan+II&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft.aulast=Mataillet&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F84636%2Fpolitique%2Fmort-de-hassan-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leconomiste.com/article/la-cause-du-deces-de-sm-le-roi-un-infarctus-du-myocarde">"La cause du décès de S.M. le Roi: Un infarctus du myocarde"</a>. L'Economiste (in French). 23 July 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123153832/https://www.leconomiste.com/article/la-cause-du-deces-de-sm-le-roi-un-infarctus-du-myocarde">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Economiste&rft.atitle=La+cause+du+d%C3%A9c%C3%A8s+de+S.M.+le+Roi%3A+Un+infarctus+du+myocarde&rft.date=1999-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leconomiste.com%2Farticle%2Fla-cause-du-deces-de-sm-le-roi-un-infarctus-du-myocarde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friendsofmorocco.org/99news/99hassanII.htm">"Mourning of Hassan II"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091108153726/http://friendsofmorocco.org/99news/99hassanII.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mourning+of+Hassan+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffriendsofmorocco.org%2F99news%2F99hassanII.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tehrantimes.com-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tehrantimes.com_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tehrantimes.com_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/41888/Arab-Leaders-Governments-Mourn-Death-of-Moroccan-King">"Arab Leaders, Governments Mourn Death of Moroccan King"</a>. 24 July 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210523123831/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/41888/Arab-Leaders-Governments-Mourn-Death-of-Moroccan-King">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Leaders%2C+Governments+Mourn+Death+of+Moroccan+King&rft.date=1999-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Fnews%2F41888%2FArab-Leaders-Governments-Mourn-Death-of-Moroccan-King&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/402825.stm">"BBC News | Monitoring | Region mourns death of King Hassan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522102732/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/402825.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+News+%26%23124%3B+Monitoring+%26%23124%3B+Region+mourns+death+of+King+Hassan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmonitoring%2F402825.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddy-Weitzman2002" class="citation book cs1">Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zs57d0logH8C&q=national+mourning+for+morocco+king&pg=PA428">Middle East Contemporary Survey: Vol. XXIII 1999</a>. The Moshe Dayan Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789652240491" title="Special:BookSources/9789652240491"><bdi>9789652240491</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318155104/https://books.google.com/books?id=zs57d0logH8C&q=national+mourning+for+morocco+king&pg=PA428">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Contemporary+Survey%3A+Vol.+XXIII+1999&rft.pub=The+Moshe+Dayan+Center&rft.date=2002-05&rft.isbn=9789652240491&rft.aulast=Maddy-Weitzman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzs57d0logH8C%26q%3Dnational%2Bmourning%2Bfor%2Bmorocco%2Bking%26pg%3DPA428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolhem2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dolhem, Nancy (1 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2001/07/DOLHEM/7842">"Le règne de Hassan II (1961-1999). Une espérance brisée"</a>. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135017/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2001/07/DOLHEM/7842">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Le+r%C3%A8gne+de+Hassan+II+%281961-1999%29.+Une+esp%C3%A9rance+bris%C3%A9e&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.aulast=Dolhem&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F2001%2F07%2FDOLHEM%2F7842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maroc.ma/fr/content/biographie-de-sa-majest%C3%A9-mohammed-vi">"Biographie de Sa Majesté Mohammed VI"</a>. Maroc.ma (in French). 13 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701164606/https://www.maroc.ma/fr/content/biographie-de-sa-majest%C3%A9-mohammed-vi">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maroc.ma&rft.atitle=Biographie+de+Sa+Majest%C3%A9+Mohammed+VI&rft.date=2013-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maroc.ma%2Ffr%2Fcontent%2Fbiographie-de-sa-majest%25C3%25A9-mohammed-vi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/1999/07/26/1054506/king-hassan-ii-funeral">"King Hassan II Funeral"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206124302/https://www.npr.org/1999/07/26/1054506/king-hassan-ii-funeral">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=King+Hassan+II+Funeral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F1999%2F07%2F26%2F1054506%2Fking-hassan-ii-funeral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessel" class="citation web cs1">Kessel, Jerrold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9907/25/hassan.05/index.html">"Morocco's King Hassan buried as thousands mourn"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325182312/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9907/25/hassan.05/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Morocco%27s+King+Hassan+buried+as+thousands+mourn&rft.aulast=Kessel&rft.aufirst=Jerrold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FWORLD%2Fafrica%2F9907%2F25%2Fhassan.05%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKOWLOZSKI2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">KOWLOZSKI, Nina (26 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1302488/politique/maroc-disparition-de-lactrice-francaise-etchika-choureau-premier-amour-de-hassan-ii/">"Disparition de l'actrice française Etchika Choureau, premier amour de Hassan II"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205170759/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1302488/politique/maroc-disparition-de-lactrice-francaise-etchika-choureau-premier-amour-de-hassan-ii/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Disparition+de+l%27actrice+fran%C3%A7aise+Etchika+Choureau%2C+premier+amour+de+Hassan+II&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft.aulast=KOWLOZSKI&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F1302488%2Fpolitique%2Fmaroc-disparition-de-lactrice-francaise-etchika-choureau-premier-amour-de-hassan-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoudarham" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boudarham, Mohammed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telquel.ma/2022/01/25/etchika-choureau-grand-amour-hassan-ii_1510912?fbrefresh=5">"Etchika Choureau, le grand amour de Hassan II"</a>. Telquel.ma (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215040121/https://telquel.ma/2022/01/25/etchika-choureau-grand-amour-hassan-ii_1510912?fbrefresh=5">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telquel.ma&rft.atitle=Etchika+Choureau%2C+le+grand+amour+de+Hassan+II&rft.aulast=Boudarham&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelquel.ma%2F2022%2F01%2F25%2Fetchika-choureau-grand-amour-hassan-ii_1510912%3Ffbrefresh%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYabiladi.com" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yabiladi.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/123630/etchika-choureau-grand-amour-interdit.html">"Etchika Choureau, grand amour interdit de Hassan II, décède à l'âge de 92 ans"</a>. yabiladi.com (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128100122/https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/123630/etchika-choureau-grand-amour-interdit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yabiladi.com&rft.atitle=Etchika+Choureau%2C+grand+amour+interdit+de+Hassan+II%2C+d%C3%A9c%C3%A8de+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A2ge+de+92+ans&rft.au=Yabiladi.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Farticles%2Fdetails%2F123630%2Fetchika-choureau-grand-amour-interdit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebay.com/itm/382882566304">"magazine picture - 1961 - morocco moulay abdallah king hassan II wedding"</a>. eBay. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eBay&rft.atitle=magazine+picture+-+1961+-+morocco+moulay+abdallah+king+hassan+II+wedding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.com%2Fitm%2F382882566304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WGeMoxa0G4">ROYAL WEDDING Morocco: Prince Moulay Abdallah & Lamia Solh of Lebanon - 1961 | Rare Footage</a>, 14 January 2018, retrieved 26 September 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ROYAL+WEDDING+Morocco%3A+Prince+Moulay+Abdallah+%26+Lamia+Solh+of+Lebanon+-+1961+%7C+Rare+Footage&rft.date=2018-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8WGeMoxa0G4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boe.es/boe/dias/1989/09/23/pdfs/A29893-29893.pdf">"Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bollettino+Ufficiale+di+Stato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboe.es%2Fboe%2Fdias%2F1989%2F09%2F23%2Fpdfs%2FA29893-29893.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maparchives.ma/en/news/moroccous-king-hassan-ii-awarded-honorary-doctorate-georgetown-university">"Morocco/US: King Hassan II awarded honorary doctorate by Georgetown University"</a>. www.maparchives.ma. Retrieved 3 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maparchives.ma&rft.atitle=Morocco%2FUS%3A+King+Hassan+II+awarded+honorary+doctorate+by+Georgetown+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maparchives.ma%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fmoroccous-king-hassan-ii-awarded-honorary-doctorate-georgetown-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZouiten" class="citation news cs1">Zouiten, Sara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/11/352171/ethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-moroccos-late-king-hassan-ii">"Ethiopia Awards Pan-African Prize to Morocco's Late King Hassan II"</a>. Morocco World News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101210702/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2022/11/352171/ethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-moroccos-late-king-hassan-ii">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+Awards+Pan-African+Prize+to+Morocco%27s+Late+King+Hassan+II&rft.aulast=Zouiten&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2022%2F11%2F352171%2Fethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-moroccos-late-king-hassan-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northafricapost.com/62251-ethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-late-king-hassan-ii-for-his-dedication-to-african-emancipation-pan-africanism.html">"Ethiopia awards Pan-African Prize to late King Hassan II for his dedication to African emancipation, Pan-Africanism"</a>. The North Africa Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102072054/https://northafricapost.com/62251-ethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-late-king-hassan-ii-for-his-dedication-to-african-emancipation-pan-africanism.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+North+Africa+Post&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+awards+Pan-African+Prize+to+late+King+Hassan+II+for+his+dedication+to+African+emancipation%2C+Pan-Africanism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthafricapost.com%2F62251-ethiopia-awards-pan-african-prize-to-late-king-hassan-ii-for-his-dedication-to-african-emancipation-pan-africanism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassan+II+of+Morocco" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Hassan II of Morocco at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hassan_II_of_Morocco" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Hassan II of Morocco">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103" class="extiw" title="d:Q69103">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329073127/http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/generalities/history/history.html">History of Morocco</a> (archived 29 March 2007)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Hassan II of Morocco </div><div><a href="/wiki/Alaouite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaouite dynasty">Alaouite dynasty</a></div>Born: 9 July 1929 Died: 23 July 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Mohammed V</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">King of Morocco</a> 1961–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_Morocco418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_Morocco" title="Template:Rulers of Morocco"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rulers_of_Morocco" title="Template talk:Rulers of Morocco"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers_of_Morocco" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers of Morocco"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_Morocco418" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">Rulers of Morocco</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid dynasty</a> (788–974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco" title="Idris I of Morocco">Idris I (Idris ibn Abdallah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II (Idris ibn Idris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Idris" title="Muhammad ibn Idris">Muhammad ibn Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad" title="Ali ibn Muhammad">Ali I (Ali ibn Muhammad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Muhammad" title="Yahya ibn Muhammad">Yahya I (Yahya ibn Muhammad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Yahya" title="Yahya ibn Yahya">Yahya II (Yahya ibn Yahya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Umar" title="Ali ibn Umar">Ali II (Ali ibn Umar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Yahya ibn al-Qasim">Yahya III (Yahya ibn al-Qasim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Idris_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar">Yahya IV (Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hajjam_al-Hasan_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Hasan I (al-Hasan ibn Muhammad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_Jannun" title="Al-Qasim Jannun">Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Aysh_ibn_al-Qasim_Jannun" title="Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim Jannun">Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_al-Qasim_Jannun" title="Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim Jannun">Hasan II (al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid dynasty</a> (1040–1147)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Yusuf" title="Ali ibn Yusuf">Ali ibn Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashfin_ibn_Ali" title="Tashfin ibn Ali">Tashfin ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Tashfin" title="Ibrahim ibn Tashfin">Ibrahim ibn Tashfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Ali" title="Ishaq ibn Ali">Ishaq ibn Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Almohad_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad dynasty">Almohad dynasty</a> (1121–1269)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Mu%27min" title="Abd al-Mu'min">Abd al-Mu'min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_Yusuf" title="Abu Yaqub Yusuf">Yusuf I (Abu Yaqub Yusuf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Yaqub_al-Mansur" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur">Yaqub al-Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Nasir" title="Muhammad al-Nasir">Muhammad al-Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_II,_Almohad_caliph" title="Yusuf II, Almohad caliph">Yusuf II (Yusuf al-Mustansir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Wahid_I" title="Abd al-Wahid I">Abd al-Wahid I (Abd al-Wahid al-Makhluʿ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Adil" title="Abdallah al-Adil">Abdallah al-ʿAdil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Mu%27tasim" title="Yahya al-Mu'tasim">Yahya al-Mu'tasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_al-Ma%27mun" title="Idris al-Ma'mun">Idris al-Ma'mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Wahid_II" title="Abd al-Wahid II">Abd al-Wahid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_as-Said_al-Mutadid" title="Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid">Said al-Muʿtadid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid Sultanate">Marinid dynasty</a> (1244–1465)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_ibn_Abd_al-Haqq" title="Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq">Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Yaqub_ibn_Abd_al-Haqq" title="Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq">Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_Yusuf_an-Nasr" title="Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr">Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Thabit_Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Thabit Amir">Abu Thabit Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Rabi_Sulayman" title="Abu al-Rabi Sulayman">Abu al-Rabi Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Uthman_II" title="Abu Sa'id Uthman II">Abu Sa'id Uthman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_Ali_ibn_Othman" title="Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman">Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Inan_Faris" title="Abu Inan Faris">Abu Inan Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_ibn_Faris_of_Morocco" title="Muhammad II ibn Faris of Morocco">Abu Zayyan Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Faris" title="Abu Bakr ibn Faris">Abu Bakr ibn Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Ali_of_Morocco" title="Ibrahim ibn Ali of Morocco">Ibrahim ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashfin_ibn_Ali_(Marinid)" title="Tashfin ibn Ali (Marinid)">Tashfin ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Faris_Abd_al-Aziz_I_of_Morocco" title="Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz I of Morocco">Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz" title="Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz">Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Abbas_Ahmad_al-Mustansir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Faris_al-Mutawakkil" title="Musa ibn Faris al-Mutawakkil">Musa ibn Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Wathiq" title="Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wathiq">Muhammad ibn Ahmad (al-Wathiq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Abbas_Ahmad_al-Mustansir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_II_ibn_Ahmad_II" title="Abd al-Aziz II ibn Ahmad II">Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Ahmad_II" title="Abdallah ibn Ahmad II">Abdallah ibn Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Said_Uthman_III" title="Abu Said Uthman III">Uthman ibn Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Haqq_II" title="Abd al-Haqq II">Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Idrisid interlude (1465–1471)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Ali_Amrani-Joutey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Wattasid_dynasty" title="Wattasid dynasty">Wattasid dynasty</a> (1471–1549, 1554)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abd_Allah_al-Sheikh_Muhammad_ibn_Yahya" title="Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya">Muhammad ibn Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abd_Allah_al-Burtuqali_Muhammad_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad">Muhammad ibn Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_Abu_Hasan_Ali_ibn_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan Abu Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad">Ali ibn Muhammad (Abu Hassun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad">Ahmad ibn Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din_al-Qasri_Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad" title="Nasir ad-Din al-Qasri Muhammad ibn Ahmad">Muhammad ibn Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad">Ahmad ibn Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadi dynasty</a> (1549–1659)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Shaykh" title="Mohammed al-Shaykh">Mohammed al-Shaykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Ghalib" title="Abdallah al-Ghalib">Abdallah al-Ghalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II_Saadi" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi">Muhammad al-Mutawakkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_I_Saadi" title="Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi">Abd al-Malik I (Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik al-Ghazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Mansur" title="Ahmad al-Mansur">Ahmad al-Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Faris_Abdallah" title="Abu Faris Abdallah">Abu Faris Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Ghalib_II" title="Abdallah al-Ghalib II">Abdallah al-Ghalib II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidan_al-Nasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Zidan al-Nasir">Zidan al-Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_II" title="Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II">Abd al-Malik II (Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zidan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Walid_ben_Zidan" title="Al Walid ben Zidan">Al-Walid ibn Zidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_esh-Sheikh_es-Seghir" title="Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir">Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Abbas" title="Ahmad al-Abbas">Ahmad al-Abbas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Zaouia_of_Dila" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaouia of Dila">Dila'i</a> interlude (1659–1663)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Hajj_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Dila%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed al-Hajj ibn Abu Bakr al-Dila'i">Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alawi_dynasty" title="Alawi dynasty">Alawi dynasty</a> (1666–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_of_Morocco" title="Al-Rashid of Morocco">Al-Rashid ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Ibn_Sharif" title="Ismail Ibn Sharif">Ismail ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l_Abbas_Ahmad_of_Morocco" title="Abu'l Abbas Ahmad of Morocco">Ahmad ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdalmalik_of_Morocco" title="Abdalmalik of Morocco">Abd al-Malik ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_of_Morocco" title="Abdallah of Morocco">Abdallah ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali of Morocco (page does not exist)">Ali ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_II_ben_Arbia_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad II ben Arbia of Morocco (page does not exist)">Muhammad II (Muhammad ibn Ismail)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mostadi_of_Morocco" title="Al-Mostadi of Morocco">Al-Mustadi' ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zin_al-Abidin_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zin al-Abidin of Morocco (page does not exist)">Zin al-Abidin ibn Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Abdallah" title="Mohammed ben Abdallah">Muhammad III (Muhammad ibn Abdallah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_of_Morocco" title="Yazid of Morocco">Al-Yazid ibn Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hisham_of_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hisham of Morocco (page does not exist)">Hisham ibn Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slimane_of_Morocco" title="Slimane of Morocco">Suleiman ibn Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_of_Morocco" title="Abd al-Rahman of Morocco">Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IV_of_Morocco" title="Muhammad IV of Morocco">Muhammad IV (Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco" title="Hassan I of Morocco">Hassan I (Al-Hassan ibn Muhammad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_of_Morocco" title="Abdelaziz of Morocco">Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hafid_of_Morocco" title="Abd al-Hafid of Morocco">Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusef_of_Morocco" title="Yusef of Morocco">Yusuf ibn al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ben_Aarafa" title="Mohammed Ben Aarafa">Muhammad ibn Arafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed V of Morocco">Muhammad V (Muhammad ibn Yusuf)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassan II (Hassan ibn Muhammad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Muhammad VI (Muhammad ibn al-Hassan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairpersons_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity_and_the_African_Union208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Template:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Template talk:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union_chairpersons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union chairpersons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairpersons_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity_and_the_African_Union208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation of African Unity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Nkrumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Arthur_Ankrah" title="Joseph Arthur Ankrah">Ankrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8ne" title="Houari Boumédiène">Boumédiène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahidjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moktar_Ould_Daddah" title="Moktar Ould Daddah">Daddah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakubu_Gowon" title="Yakubu Gowon">Gowon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Ramgoolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Bongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Nimeiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaafar Nimeiry">Nimeiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tolbert" title="William Tolbert">Tolbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siaka_Stevens" title="Siaka Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Moi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Moussa Traoré">Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Babangida" title="Ibrahim Babangida">Babangida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdou_Diouf" title="Abdou Diouf">Diouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9" title="Blaise Compaoré">Compaoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma" title="Gnassingbé Eyadéma">Eyadéma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Chiluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Mwanawasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Chissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Obasanjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">Kufuor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Kikwete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingu_wa_Mutharika" title="Bingu wa Mutharika">Mutharika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Obiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boni_Yayi" title="Thomas Boni Yayi">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Tshisekedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Sall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Assoumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mohammed_VI379" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mohammed_VI" title="Template:Mohammed VI"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mohammed_VI" title="Template talk:Mohammed VI"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mohammed_VI" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mohammed VI"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mohammed_VI379" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">King of Morocco</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">Alaouite dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immediate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Salma_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco">Salma Bennani</a> (former wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Hassan,_Crown_Prince_of_Morocco" title="Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco">Prince Moulay Hassan</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Khadija_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco">Princess Lalla Khadija</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassan II</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalla_Latifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalla Latifa">Latifa Amahzoune</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Rachid_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco">Prince Moulay Rachid</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Meryem_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco">Princess Lalla Meryem</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Asma_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Asma of Morocco">Princess Lalla Asma</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Hasna_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco">Princess Lalla Hasna</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Abdallah_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco">Prince Moulay Abdallah</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Hicham_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Hicham of Morocco">Prince Moulay Hicham</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Moulay_Ismail_of_Morocco" title="Prince Moulay Ismail of Morocco">Prince Moulay Ismail</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Joumala_Alaoui" title="Princess Lalla Joumala Alaoui">Princess Lalla Joumala Alaoui</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Abdallah_ben_Ali_Alaoui" title="Moulay Abdallah ben Ali Alaoui">Moulay Abdallah</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Youssef_Alaoui" title="Moulay Youssef Alaoui">Moulay Youssef</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Driss_Alaoui" title="Moulay Driss Alaoui">Moulay Driss</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_El_Alaoui" title="Mohammed El Alaoui">Mohammed El Alaoui</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalla_Fatima_Zohra" title="Lalla Fatima Zohra">Princess Lalla Fatima Zohra</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Amina_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco">Princess Lalla Amina</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Nuzha_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Nuzha of Morocco">Princess Lalla Nuzha</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Malika_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Malika of Morocco">Princess Lalla Malika</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Aicha_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco">Princess Lalla Aicha</a> (aunt)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Royal_(Rabat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège Royal (Rabat)">Collège Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_V_University" title="Mohammed V University">Mohammed V University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entourage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisors and/or members of the royal cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Ali_El_Himma" title="Fouad Ali El Himma">Fouad Ali El Himma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounir_Majidi" title="Mounir Majidi">Mounir Majidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Abdallah_ben_Ali_Alaoui" title="Moulay Abdallah ben Ali Alaoui">Moulay Abdallah Alaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Youssef_Alaoui" title="Moulay Youssef Alaoui">Moulay Youssef Alaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulay_Driss_Alaoui" title="Moulay Driss Alaoui">Moulay Driss Alaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_El_Alaoui" title="Mohammed El Alaoui">Mohammed El Alaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdi_Chraibi" title="Rochdi Chraibi">Rochdi Chraibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdellatif_Hammouchi" title="Abdellatif Hammouchi">Abdellatif Hammouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadel_Benyaich" title="Fadel Benyaich">Fadel Benyaich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noureddine_Bensouda" title="Noureddine Bensouda">Noureddine Bensouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieb_Fassi_Fihri" title="Taieb Fassi Fihri">Taieb Fassi Fihri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Azziman" title="Omar Azziman">Omar Azziman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Meziane_Belfqih" title="Abdelaziz Meziane Belfqih">Abdelaziz Meziane Belfqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Moatassim" title="Mohamed Moatassim">Mohamed Moatassim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Azoulay" title="André Azoulay">André Azoulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Kabbaj" title="Omar Kabbaj">Omar Kabbaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Kabbaj" title="Mohammed Kabbaj">Mohammed Kabbaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoulikha_Naciri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoulikha Naciri">Zoulikha Naciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_Bouzida" title="Karim Bouzida">Karim Bouzida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdellatif_Mennouni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdellatif Mennouni (page does not exist)">Abdellatif Mennouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostapha_Sahel" title="Mostapha Sahel">Mustpaha Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassad" title="Mohamed Hassad">Mohamed Hassad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhak_Mrini" title="Abdelhak Mrini">Abdelhak Mrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Jirari" title="Abbas Jirari">Abbas Jirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassir_Znagui" title="Yassir Znagui">Yassir Znagui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Taieb_Naciri" title="Mohamed Taieb Naciri">Mohamed Taieb Naciri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mounir_Char%C3%AFbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mounir Charïbi (page does not exist)">Mounir Charïbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driss_Jettou" title="Driss Jettou">Driss Jettou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Aourid" title="Hassan Aourid">Hassan Aourid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yassine_Mansouri" title="Yassine Mansouri">Yassine Mansouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidou_Laanigri" title="Hamidou Laanigri">Hamidou Laanigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakib_Benmoussa" title="Chakib Benmoussa">Chakib Benmoussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelouafi_Laftit" title="Abdelouafi Laftit">Abdelouafi Laftit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieb_Cherkaoui" title="Taieb Cherkaoui">Taieb Cherkaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostapha_Sahel" title="Mostapha Sahel">Mostapha Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Hassar" title="Saad Hassar">Saad Hassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassad" title="Mohamed Hassad">Mohamed Hassad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charki_Draiss" title="Charki Draiss">Charki Draiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchaib_Rmail" title="Bouchaib Rmail">Bouchaib Rmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Midaoui" title="Ahmed Midaoui">Ahmed Midaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abderrahmane_Sbai" title="Abderrahmane Sbai">Abderrahmane Sbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdellatif_Loudiyi" title="Abdellatif Loudiyi">Abdellatif Loudiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Jaidi" title="Aziz Jaidi">Aziz Jaidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior bureaucrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Bakkoury" title="Mustapha Bakkoury">Mustapha Bakkoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Aziz Akhannouch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Fassi_Fihri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Fassi Fihri (page does not exist)">Ali Fassi Fihri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathallah_Sijilmassi" title="Fathallah Sijilmassi">Fathallah Sijilmassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Terrab" title="Mostafa Terrab">Mostafa Terrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Toufiq" title="Ahmed Toufiq">Ahmed Toufiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Akhchichine" title="Ahmed Akhchichine">Ahmed Akhchichine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latifa_Labida" title="Latifa Labida">Latifa Labida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latifa_Akherbach" title="Latifa Akherbach">Latifa Akherbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Benaissa" title="Mohamed Benaissa">Mohamed Benaissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driss_Dahak" title="Driss Dahak">Driss Dahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalihenna_Ould_Errachid" title="Khalihenna Ould Errachid">Khalihenna Ould Errachid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Cheikh_Biadillah" title="Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah">Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driss_Benhima" title="Driss Benhima">Driss Benhima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarek_Sijilmassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarek Sijilmassi (page does not exist)">Tarek Sijilmassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Bourita" title="Nasser Bourita">Nasser Bourita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">No official position<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/plus-pres-de-sa-majeste_484239.html">[1]</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mehdi Alaoui Mdaghri</li> <li>Khalid Cohen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Bernoussi" title="Hassan Bernoussi">Hassan Bernoussi</a></li> <li>Karim Chakour</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior media-bureaucrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%AF%C3%A7al_Lara%C3%AFchi" title="Faïçal Laraïchi">Faïçal Laraïchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Hachimi_Idrissi" title="Khalil Hachimi Idrissi">Khalil Hachimi Idrissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samira_Sitail" title="Samira Sitail">Samira Sitail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Akhchichine" title="Ahmed Akhchichine">Ahmed Akhchichine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latifa_Akherbach" title="Latifa Akherbach">Latifa Akherbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business interests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIGER" title="SIGER">SIGER</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Domaines_Agricoles" title="Les Domaines Agricoles">Les Domaines Agricoles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Al_Mada_(SNI)35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al_Mada_(holding)" title="Al Mada (holding)">Al Mada</a> (SNI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attijariwafa_Bank" title="Attijariwafa Bank">Attijariwafa Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafa_Assurance" title="Wafa Assurance">Wafa Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managem" title="Managem">Managem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inwi" title="Inwi">Inwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjane_(business)" title="Marjane (business)">Marjane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acima" class="mw-redirect" title="Acima">Acima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonasid" title="Sonasid">Sonasid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONAPAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONAPAR (page does not exist)">ONAPAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMED" title="SOMED">SOMED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nareva" title="Nareva">Nareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agma_Lahlou-Tazi" title="Agma Lahlou-Tazi">Agma Lahlou-Tazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optorg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optorg (page does not exist)">Optorg</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPTORG" class="extiw" title="fr:OPTORG">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotherma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotherma (page does not exist)">Sotherma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Harazem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidi Harazem">Sidi Harazem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain_Saiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain Saiss (page does not exist)">Ain Saiss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-M%C3%A9dias" title="Eco-Médias">Eco-Médias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assabah" title="Assabah">Assabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89conomiste" title="L'Économiste">L'Économiste</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2M_(TV_channel)" title="2M (TV channel)">SOREAD (2M)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ONA_Group" title="ONA Group">ONA Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasseries_du_Maroc" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasseries du Maroc">Brasseries du Maroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_Commerciale_du_Maroc" title="Banque Commerciale du Maroc">BCM (Banque Commerciale du Maroc)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosumar (page does not exist)">Cosumar</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosumar" class="extiw" title="fr:Cosumar">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesieur_Cristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesieur Cristal (page does not exist)">Lesieur Cristal</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesieur_Cristal" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesieur Cristal">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centrale_Laiti%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centrale Laitière (page does not exist)">Centrale Laitière</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrale_Danone" class="extiw" title="fr:Centrale Danone">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimo_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimo (company) (page does not exist)">Bimo</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimo" class="extiw" title="fr:Bimo">fr</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island_crisis" title="Perejil Island crisis">Perejil Island crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Moroccan_protests" title="2011–2012 Moroccan protests">2011-12 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Galv%C3%A1n_scandal" title="Daniel Galván scandal">Daniel Galván scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirak_Rif_Movement" title="Hirak Rif Movement">Hirak Rif Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudawana" title="Mudawana">Mudawana (new family code)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Equity and Reconciliation Commission">Equity and Reconciliation Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gdeim_Izik_protest_camp" title="Gdeim Izik protest camp">Gdeim Izik protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Advisory_Council_for_Saharan_Affairs" title="Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs">Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_Autonomy_Proposal" title="Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal">Autonomy proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections & referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Moroccan_general_election" title="2021 Moroccan general election">2021 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Moroccan_general_election" title="2016 Moroccan general election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Moroccan_general_election" title="2011 Moroccan general election">2011 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Moroccan_constitutional_referendum" title="2011 Moroccan constitutional referendum">2011 constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Moroccan_general_election" title="2007 Moroccan general election">2007 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Moroccan_general_election" title="2002 Moroccan general election">2002 parliamentary election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patronage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mawazine" title="Mawazine">Mawazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDays" title="MEDays">MEDays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan II">← Hassan II</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Category:Mohammed VI of Morocco">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2173" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2173" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108891731">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/38237806">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/73959/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymBBqktRWqmb6W8KDrMP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118911392">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81062661">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11906975p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11906975p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX956112">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073747149">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810535367605606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/70005">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262584205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060957478006706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118911392.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118911392">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027527611">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10567876">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6g26qb9">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&oldid=1275971211">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&oldid=1275971211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Category:Hassan II of Morocco">Hassan II of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_births" title="Category:1929 births">1929 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_deaths" title="Category:1999 deaths">1999 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Arab_people" title="Category:20th-century Arab people">20th-century Arab people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Moroccan_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century Moroccan businesspeople">20th-century Moroccan businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alawi_dynasty" title="Category:Alawi dynasty">Alawi dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_Royal_College_(Rabat)" title="Category:Alumni of the Royal College (Rabat)">Alumni of the Royal College (Rabat)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Collars_of_the_Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry">Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Collars_of_the_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword" title="Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword">Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Cross_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour">Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorary_Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" title="Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_Morocco" title="Category:Kings of Morocco">Kings of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Order_of_Cambodia" title="Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia">Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_Army_officers" title="Category:Moroccan Army officers">Moroccan Army officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_anti-communists" title="Category:Moroccan anti-communists">Moroccan anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_exiles_in_Madagascar" title="Category:Moroccan exiles in Madagascar">Moroccan exiles in Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_Muslims" title="Category:Moroccan Muslims">Moroccan Muslims</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_people_of_Arab_descent" title="Category:Moroccan people of Arab descent">Moroccan people of Arab descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslim_monarchs" title="Category:Muslim monarchs">Muslim monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Rabat" title="Category:People from Rabat">People from Rabat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Collar_of_Honour" title="Category:Recipients of the Collar of Honour">Recipients of the Collar of Honour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Civil_Order_of_Alfonso_X,_the_Wise" title="Category:Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise">Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Al-Hussein_bin_Ali" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali">Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Grand_Star_of_the_Decoration_for_Services_to_the_Republic_of_Austria" title="Category:Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria">Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Bordeaux_alumni" title="Category:University of Bordeaux alumni">University of Bordeaux alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)">CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2022">Use dmy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_military_person_with_embed" title="Category:Pages using infobox military person with embed">Pages using infobox military person with embed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 04:02 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_of_Morocco&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Hassan II of Morocco</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 63 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7cf7cb559d-q8759","wgBackendResponseTime":148,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.968","walltime":"2.362","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14124,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":434475,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16246,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":514561,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2039.790 1 -total"," 36.52% 744.913 2 Template:Reflist"," 31.24% 637.218 4 Template:Infobox"," 25.43% 518.809 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 18.63% 380.024 73 Template:Cite_web"," 10.02% 204.487 24 Template:Cite_book"," 8.29% 169.046 8 Template:Navbox"," 6.31% 128.714 1 Template:Nobold"," 6.30% 128.523 1 Template:Hassan_II_series"," 6.29% 128.290 3 Template:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.238","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22608668,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","280","20.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","13.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","5.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","5.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","5.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","4.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","4.4"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2615\u003E","40","2.9"],["type","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","2.9"],["[others]","420","30.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-jvh2w","timestamp":"20250219124739","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hassan II of Morocco","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_II_of_Morocco","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q69103","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q69103","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-21T17:43:39Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T04:02:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/Hassan_II_%281983%29.jpg","headline":"King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999"}</script> </body> </html>