CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917bb9c78dbc9d20',cH: '5gg3TroKgD.lG6A8Kx7Lq7LeLgJ26RI3ioe8VZ2.2GM-1740528769-1.2.1.1-THjM9RH4Y1PsxKAE1JolgmFHWSfHSrazqjM2N_7cmYDIFeLSSXc6JlhjRlb6msVL',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Samaila%20Bawa%20Muazu&__cf_chl_tk=FqgLafm6Bf2JeTZEfPAOEogUJh6Vl8_wPRaSya7DxKw-1740528769-1.0.1.1-D573jL4lVgfUtomb8FNU1EqaVAx74EQQ42G5vJVphWk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740528769',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Samaila%20Bawa%20Muazu&__cf_chl_f_tk=FqgLafm6Bf2JeTZEfPAOEogUJh6Vl8_wPRaSya7DxKw-1740528769-1.0.1.1-D573jL4lVgfUtomb8FNU1EqaVAx74EQQ42G5vJVphWk",md: "Ewwr8nvphfBxF6pqvviymA2hUBUkfnYeRzu.uuhLzww-1740528769-1.2.1.1-4FJBU_tVZEceq0EgMERCrbmOo0EAibvR.iS7K6iqS5vh414JTjgKVbVusv2rD6uBgwBwFpM_LOQLxTZMsiFgsFQ1OuAv3oO.jLANZIaySwd9BadllhxQ.IwyaEoe_AN4RUrPDHxa1N1HE5ryaxlonQU.ox8hOy4peE3f1C3kUfQ8FwJiwUGyv26Sr30J4.0iYmLssAh36PCL7O8WJsrY6Tk9euXyPKEZwOa1tynfG7H0ex99nQ9E3vGjcPR3gpfZ0C_npyQ9JMKIBrswkVxB32HJ1dlzJ3dofUxBkMO9U3zXBYgzZdVLW9fynVKLPiMpsvPE5L9VWaCoI56TK8Yd0jVruZO2GYH87fHDtudEIcfUD9JqcBrUod8wvaEcmydMToZxlhltOlRGm8wcq3L1FdKzLUTuUzpcVX5Wc4OgF8TwYfwNYFmEV9kiVWFDVHZrAtQKspJyLM0XDQTETMvY3uzaKwH8S3MjU5F3NZgv_V8UvmQiWDfS9orExg9va70tDP1HuGzIdL1vMD_UG9VU2ATyqJGKk1bvlHYanExbT.k6p04Lo72KcG1LNuyVPnKdlm5illaI.aoZeTlK5OvHRm1xGJfyP4k9FRS0xmwHtqtK3oPHlHv.NggSt.qT1OUGsLM7pYkuJFESzhBRXaqJO6QX1KJWptqYli8VtH3tcbsigByELDt82P4fssk73YKJ3GpFrHqHqgq_n9DUNpTZv320TXvmUMZ9sQ6LZNZzTuD65atV73NxspCYq2mJ.kSU0Q44OO1H36GTF84kotrzDMLXQP9xqey19FWsZIrC655A3SIDCv.rgTfnliRXKeN9I6mHr3ooUWCDZ28bkW_uiVRK2LIT3Xi2z6fO9PEW.2CgeoOHq4WbgRycUQ2Oki_QW9Y9f7f0xzMxLrB0xxlS6ClpiX_Ay3oj00rySAQo25VALHlE0OQxJ1SQAmB7H59gQYcROSP2_WEJnQsalyG2siiu.qDyxV0KjoULJ0VJkygQy023e3r9nAwIBHcAPaECBDBYEVuwOvD1hG23QrngUktdFVsvawY8.Wh9Kz3DzXux6NAktI84Ap_K_dkSZIexhI8XkoKl4rR5R0SluWsWXeQm4SN_0cFS7COGlULTwNVKbCX0NUqzcEUnBgTZ1uTbCUVAUAq48.JUFS2_iTu6iEC8F4IyPn2G5ArBMhFPSMVbNisdYlifCbgWgsHRbBJI9Bh.Diz5tsNfoK_wYEqbkq4U5bPxqTVVSzePS5vdVBxXklWHNKv1IRC2IGR4jZZARXy6C4tfqh3r.tfDyzFqnPFyqubco1LQzDHjESdFcnxIk7lLz6PAH70.z.sZ7LmN4u9s1VFS79ixj1lmRZGXG84BoDUBFMCYgVBaKNZuv_y0b59ARXqfXkd6OGaglChzZomfKBBKUg6R9InG7EE0H7Mo743JeQ5trunDAr5TbIIim7axMsdRJoDVFr9br9LMuYdgKDdctm0EGQbiNpein54wyUqt1tdLxWSiWkEhZTJcN_EmlaqY3pQh_1qD9v7QeRza_iu9FxaYb01rpt3u19oyV4.temLVggbUcE2qIVt85xKXPt8akWeT_tffYhI6ohDe0qwCqkUkKtyM0tg1hKjGGlJkyKSkJq6mUm7PyLjZimyCJ3PbXEylWqUG0q5WvIm9j6mkYfNEQzd0YIU1s.N9BdTH1ZlbbOwTyzMPapACAEqVGT2QaVO9qAylLR8lXMoQPjUY6j8SVOVtXtHeqje_ad96qP3k4byA8YIwrcJFa3Abv82qpWfQAKz24JlzElICqvWrS0xbdB5fh_mLzO9149ACjLJ3CEZQ9fdJR3faw8GzLBCGZh3IVhOK3lPGMVi2u4ulR2L_pwlKWSe6uj9hDAtqvd7GlaQrKsTg_x4ScrOXKiqmupuFjhYoD2unPqm.THKz58GyAz725H3mYOuYbTXOPg3YdSc.4axfiTF7ov3_LOU6ZbHm9SRq_c4d",mdrd: "soJoaWhxDFJraUksoGm_qo8DJefvGnvbRZqa289Pcy0-1740528769-1.2.1.1-yokGTu6XxaQ897mKhLQf6Kh6D.mEE0wD9tkLlSoZ83jTcMI7hb5D2wOdoe2V6zteQEfbaKL3VhKNXUYMFenOxGFu9Bc.fOJj2gxAjOTRDekEPGpkso.Kd1pesdTCQIY7TKOHtZpsL32VDL2LGKzPYXpqt73_BhadJVVHcpTS0g8buxOqpqHMOiWHh4v5svOZx5zVhvSaMsHjvUJ4CsYo1hfBEN9ce2P4lzxLD7jgHLL9ogIAV6Es2t4pN3aAOqlLeWZuDPhTVACL61PVS6RZegbXaBaMk8Pmt.nontcfToeij_Z5Hav1Hf0DPKDzG9GSZO5N4q6VdeeR94cqQdkxE0iq9VRy_3aTx6X6pE_F2abBaMb0h3RCV.fwKrIQDKjCI2Znhn1eBPl7nI4HxMTlzjdJm1goFqErf3g9Z9EUDVdgvdUwYcb0s7N0rIdCeElpj.AxrPTHOjiI8I0czHplGeF_DnZCvshiZr6oPefGJk2lOz8V0iCb9kQ19R0RIBdMgzdPfYbPGT4IRqxGCK1Ddb5Pj9Iyd5ZYgZtB4AhM8XKxOABJVZIGBvDCccF1CMrAGQKb_3ggc4h7bSZog1jcPdya7M1KxreHdE6WP1KHDx7jqSSlbg0948I3s9CNzFABQFVIGj5zyeSSeCImG0uvWnBlUxAnMFWzIjuqCUv6hmpgG7NfPTxQd2XfsgEMN95i9WAsT0pZLFPIu6XCnWpEsSeq3QAjePOfXJXi_KHd6C3vpW8BhmZEX_HzjtMgA4J9wcsP8HJ6XlgOOKbgqek09AwrBg1B7NVCsj_w3oPxIuy6dUrts8Q7cxtRkJqIf74GYAAcZGb5k5OLWP4X.DS3YcEJrzavNyW2BZVCKpZ8MaMdqeHYOGkiIRmam8yG3qHBqm4YQmha2qYA4rDTC1werHSIf9L_TDJGaEKl0525y1i540KHoOnboxQGISqobZY33lnEceSbX5scp7tfLid3zRzBqgSQEyzl_EcbtJvHnrzv4OM1nlHogo1RxeXKQt4a1jHP8BEukuILHQnuPXuDpmhAeaIvPMJaUCQ3R1WcZSrdEZEVkXER75tfbUM6nRyXJjSNj9cEW9uLqf.cYUSfK93mXOQXkaLIj9ltE1jRYuOpLLONfvPPoZmQkmt5ZSOFsH0icBcwmDi4S9i794guO1OSKNuPFUKl2pTkYyWSlm8PhTx6ACk2O68yG_ofquXNGsfXaTNoLR2ZSSmjX7oYRE.BVouwbfixoiJC5I7aZcOEFogM8VSnHYjMS3XFFBhEZbcTk55397xCbWsbR6T9T.5cfBb3tv1wV5guNPywFgXjtTZ.De2Z2yqxaplHrVHXXSlduZT5YmcGhjUaXDa8jWdtxwCRAMdu7EnPu6LNP5P9sIyvRO67MuMVtW6ymRbGOtyU_F5Tv4UgUmOy39MBzuANTHMaaGGV0_sJgBNdadGVmz4b_k4XcDnHeucVqywbD3..KtpKZ8AMSrLgPlFf30CXKTUOeWobqPq7DPicT3dPk5MGJTN0z7E5NriTZV4sth5W_kLsvBJxHOPiiUe1dZh59J6kkEZtEXkDUh9jXhK.NARRQFOTS8KsXmfG3mi7hWDpyLUfLOBe404ZVT97vHFuKXuGHhp8w9Ypf5BRK8lsA08rDTMfOP0MMJwvzD7PDHPa4WnBBESwj6qfmWO1e5ihdx1n2mxSkV65g9ZyK_TCG9SY3syK_q7Z6l.gyPp8xfuV1K80Csh8HdpXVDnsgJnbz8jfqgoc1TDtQ6TavRJQhYUri4NsrcgLWUZBLBTc8AKnCpV4sugg5zOs9MrXLhy78GMC1JwAWnsRpbKiVICJIyF2VQuetVBVNXzDqIEH7QxUGqmTeckJczvpcoY3iDq3EVSG4h6XctKA0ABt46wsI_pnRziZxMQ.lU8237jzd0AFt69kbA.kou0deyLgVqlvsuwIDg79jFvpjagnxuLzCoA3YiLN7KOUX0zXQxl5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917bb9c78dbc9d20';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Samaila%20Bawa%20Muazu&__cf_chl_rt_tk=FqgLafm6Bf2JeTZEfPAOEogUJh6Vl8_wPRaSya7DxKw-1740528769-1.0.1.1-D573jL4lVgfUtomb8FNU1EqaVAx74EQQ42G5vJVphWk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>