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container technology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: virtual container technology"> <meta name="keywords" content="virtual container technology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="virtual container technology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8715</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: virtual container technology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8715</span> Mitigating the Cost of Empty Container Repositioning through the Virtual Container Yard: An Appraisal of Carriers’ Perceptions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Edirisinghe">L. Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Jin"> Z. Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Wijeratne"> A. W. Wijeratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mudunkotuwa"> R. Mudunkotuwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Empty container repositioning is a fundamental problem faced by the shipping industry. The virtual container yard is a novel strategy underpinning the container interchange between carriers that could substantially reduce this ever-increasing shipping cost. This paper evaluates the shipping industry perception of the virtual container yard using chi-square tests. It examines if the carriers perceive that the selected independent variables, namely culture, organization, decision, marketing, attitudes, legal, independent, complexity, and stakeholders of carriers, impact the efficiency and benefits of the virtual container yard. There are two major findings of the research. Firstly, carriers view that complexity, attitudes, and stakeholders may impact the effectiveness of container interchange and may influence the perceived benefits of the virtual container yard. Secondly, the three factors of legal, organization, and decision influence only the perceived benefits of the virtual container yard. Accordingly, the implementation of the virtual container yard will be influenced by six key factors, namely complexity, attitudes, stakeholders, legal, organization and decision. Since the virtual container yard could reduce overall shipping costs, it is vital to examine the carriers’ perception of this concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20yard" title="virtual container yard">virtual container yard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalance" title=" imbalance"> imbalance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95757/mitigating-the-cost-of-empty-container-repositioning-through-the-virtual-container-yard-an-appraisal-of-carriers-perceptions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8714</span> Virtual Container Yard: A Paradigm Shift in Container Inventory Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalith%20Edirisinghe">Lalith Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhihong%20Jin"> Zhihong Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.W.%20Wijeratne"> A.W. Wijeratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansa%20Edirisinghe"> Hansa Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshmi%20Ranwala%20Rashika%20Mudunkotuwa"> Lakshmi Ranwala Rashika Mudunkotuwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paradigm shift in container inventory management (CIM) is a long-awaited industry need. Virtual container yard (VCY) is a concept developed in 2013 and its primary objective is to minimize shipping transport cost through implementing container exchange between carriers. Shipping lines always try to maintain lower container idle time and provide higher customer satisfaction. However, it is disappointing to note that carriers turn a blind eye to the escalating cost resulted from the present inefficient CIM mechanism. The cost of empty container management is simply transferred to the importers and exporters as freight adjustments. It also creates an environmental hazard. Therefore, it has now become a problem for the society. Therefore, a paradigm shift may be required as the present CIM system is not working for common interests of human beings as it should be. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboation" title="collaboation">collaboation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipping" title=" shipping"> shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20yard" title=" virtual container yard"> virtual container yard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126828/virtual-container-yard-a-paradigm-shift-in-container-inventory-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8713</span> The Virtual Container Yard: Identifying the Persuasive Factors in Container Interchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Edirisinghe">L. Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhihong%20Jin"> Zhihong Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Wijeratne"> A. W. Wijeratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mudunkotuwa"> R. Mudunkotuwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The virtual container yard is an effective solution to the container inventory imbalance problem which is a global issue. It causes substantial cost to carriers, which inadvertently adds to the prices of consumer goods. The virtual container yard is rooted in the fundamentals of container interchange between carriers. If carriers opt to interchange their excess containers with those who are deficit, a substantial part of the empty reposition cost could be eliminated. Unlike in other types of ships, cargo cannot be directly loaded to a container ship. Slots and containers are supplementary components; thus, without containers, a carrier cannot ship cargo if the containers are not available and vice versa. Few decades ago, carriers recognized slot (the unit of space in a container ship) interchange as a viable solution for the imbalance of shipping space. Carriers interchange slots among them and it also increases the advantage of scale of economies in container shipping. Some of these service agreements between mega carriers have provisions to interchange containers too. However, the interchange mechanism is still not popular among carriers for containers. This is the paradox that prevails in the liner shipping industry. At present, carriers reposition their excess empty containers to areas where they are in demand. This research applied factor analysis statistical method. The paper reveals that five major components may influence the virtual container yard namely organisation, practice and culture, legal and environment, international nature, and marketing. There are 12 variables that may impact the virtual container yard, and these are explained in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20yard" title="virtual container yard">virtual container yard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipping" title=" shipping"> shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalance" title=" imbalance"> imbalance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97126/the-virtual-container-yard-identifying-the-persuasive-factors-in-container-interchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8712</span> Virtual Container Yard: Assessing the Perceived Impact of Legal Implications to Container Carriers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Edirisinghe">L. Edirisinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Mukherjee"> P. Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Edirisinghe"> H. Edirisinghe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual Container Yard (VCY) is a modern concept that helps to reduce the empty container repositioning cost of carriers. The concept of VCY is based on container interchange between shipping lines. Although this mechanism has been theoretically accepted by the shipping community as a feasible solution, it has not yet achieved the necessary momentum among container shipping lines (CSL). This paper investigates whether there is any legal influence on this industry myopia about the VCY. It is believed that this is the first publication that focuses on the legal aspects of container exchange between carriers. Not much literature on this subject is available. This study establishes with statistical evidence that there is a phobia prevailing in the shipping industry that exchanging containers with other carriers may lead to various legal implications. The complexity of exchange is two faceted. CSLs assume that offering a container to another carrier (obviously, a competitor in terms of commercial context) or using a container offered by another carrier may lead to undue legal implications. This research reveals that this fear is reflected through four types of perceived components, namely: shipping associate; warehouse associate; network associate; and trading associate. These components carry eighteen subcomponents that comprehensively cover the entire process of a container shipment. The statistical explanation has been supported through regression analysis; INCO terms were used to illustrate the shipping process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20yard" title="virtual container yard">virtual container yard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal" title=" legal"> legal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20law" title=" maritime law"> maritime law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111772/virtual-container-yard-assessing-the-perceived-impact-of-legal-implications-to-container-carriers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8711</span> Implementation of Distributed Randomized Algorithms for Resilient Peer-to-Peer Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Tanaka">Richard Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhu"> Ying Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a few randomized algorithms in application-layer peer-to-peer networks. The significant gain in scalability and resilience that peer-to-peer networks provide has made them widely used and adopted in many real-world distributed systems and applications. The unique properties of peer-to-peer networks make them particularly suitable for randomized algorithms such as random walks and gossip algorithms. Instead of simulations of peer-to-peer networks, we leverage the Docker virtual container technology to develop implementations of the peer-to-peer networks and these distributed randomized algorithms running on top of them. We can thus analyze their behaviour and performance in realistic settings. We further consider the problem of identifying high-risk bottleneck links in the network with the objective of improving the resilience and reliability of peer-to-peer networks. We propose a randomized algorithm to solve this problem and evaluate its performance by simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20randomized%20algorithms" title="distributed randomized algorithms">distributed randomized algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer-to-peer%20networks" title=" peer-to-peer networks"> peer-to-peer networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20technology" title=" virtual container technology"> virtual container technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilient%20networks" title=" resilient networks"> resilient networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133527/implementation-of-distributed-randomized-algorithms-for-resilient-peer-to-peer-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8710</span> An Experimental Testbed Using Virtual Containers for Distributed Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parth%20Patel">Parth Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhu"> Ying Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distributed systems have become ubiquitous, and they continue their growth through a range of services. With advances in resource virtualization technology such as Virtual Machines (VM) and software containers, developers no longer require high-end servers to test and develop distributed software. Even in commercial production, virtualization has streamlined the process of rapid deployment and service management. This paper introduces a distributed systems testbed that utilizes virtualization to enable distributed systems development on commodity computers. The testbed can be used to develop new services, implement theoretical distributed systems concepts for understanding, and experiment with virtual network topologies. We show its versatility through two case studies that utilize the testbed for implementing a theoretical algorithm and developing our own methodology to find high-risk edges. The results of using the testbed for these use cases have proven the effectiveness and versatility of this testbed across a range of scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title="distributed systems">distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20testbed" title=" experimental testbed"> experimental testbed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer-to-peer%20networks" title=" peer-to-peer networks"> peer-to-peer networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20container%20technology" title=" virtual container technology"> virtual container technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133579/an-experimental-testbed-using-virtual-containers-for-distributed-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8709</span> A Simulation Modeling Approach for Optimization of Storage Space Allocation in Container Terminal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamal%20Abd%20El-Nasser%20A.%20Said">Gamal Abd El-Nasser A. Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Sayed%20M.%20El-Horbaty"> El-Sayed M. El-Horbaty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Container handling problems at container terminals are NP-hard problems. This paper presents an approach using discrete-event simulation modeling to optimize solution for storage space allocation problem, taking into account all various interrelated container terminal handling activities. The proposed approach is applied on a real case study data of container terminal at Alexandria port. The computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed model for optimization of storage space allocation in container terminal where 54% reduction in containers handling time in port is achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20terminal" title="container terminal">container terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-event%20simulation" title=" discrete-event simulation"> discrete-event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage%20space%20allocation" title=" storage space allocation "> storage space allocation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19699/a-simulation-modeling-approach-for-optimization-of-storage-space-allocation-in-container-terminal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8708</span> Experimental Simulation of Soil Boundary Condition for Dynamic Studies </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20S.%20Qaftan">Omar S. Qaftan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Sabbagh"> T. T. Sabbagh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the free-field response by adopting a flexible membrane container as soil boundary for experimental shaking table tests. The influence of the soil container boundary on the soil behaviour and the dynamic soil properties under seismic effect were examined. A flexible container with 1/50 scale factor was adopted in the experimental tests, including construction, instrumentation, and determination of the results of dynamic tests on a shaking table. Horizontal face displacements and accelerations were analysed to determine the influence of the container boundary on the performance of the soil. The outputs results show that the flexible boundary container allows more displacement and larger accelerations. The soil in a rigid wall container cannot deform as similar as the soil in the real field does. Therefore, the response of flexible container tested is believed to be more reliable for soil boundary than that in the rigid container. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74384/experimental-simulation-of-soil-boundary-condition-for-dynamic-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8707</span> The Role of Virtual Geographic Environment (VGEs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Chen">Min Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Lin"> Hui Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> VGEs are a kind of typical web- and computer-based geographic environment, with aims of merging geographic knowledge, computer technology, virtual reality technology, network technology, and geographic information technology, to provide a digital mirror of physical geographic environments to allow users to ‘feel it in person’ by a means for augmenting the senses and to ‘know it beyond reality’ through geographic phenomena simulation and collaborative geographic experiments. Many achievements have appeared in this field, but further evolution should be explored. With the exploration of the conception of VGEs, and some examples, this article illustrated the role of VGEs and their contribution to currently GIScience. Based on the above analysis, questions are proposed for discussing about the future way of VGEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20geographic%20environments%20%28VGEs%29" title="virtual geographic environments (VGEs)">virtual geographic environments (VGEs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIScience" title=" GIScience"> GIScience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20systems" title=" geographic information systems"> geographic information systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29975/the-role-of-virtual-geographic-environment-vges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8706</span> Sloshing Response of Liquid in Prismatic Container under Oscillation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Maiti">P. R. Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Bhattacharyya"> S. K. Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sloshing is a physical phenomenon characterized by the oscillation of unrestrained free surface of liquid in a partially liquid filled container subjected to external excitation. Determination of sloshing frequency in container is important to avoid resonance condition of the system. The complex behavior of the free surface movement and its combined mode of vibration make difficulty for exact analysis of sloshing. In the present study, numerical analysis is carried out for a partially liquid filled tank under external forces. Boundary element approach is used to formulate the sloshing problem in two -dimensional prismatic container with potential flow. Effort has been made to find slosh response for two dimensional problems in partially liquid filled prismatic container. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title="sloshing">sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20element%20method" title=" boundary element method"> boundary element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prismatic%20container" title=" prismatic container"> prismatic container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillation" title=" oscillation"> oscillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28051/sloshing-response-of-liquid-in-prismatic-container-under-oscillation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8705</span> Econometric Analysis of West African Countries’ Container Terminal Throughput and Gross Domestic Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kehinde%20Peter%20Oyeduntan">Kehinde Peter Oyeduntan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayode%20Oshinubi"> Kayode Oshinubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The west African ports have been experiencing large inflow and outflow of containerized cargo in the last decades, and this has created a quest amongst the countries to attain the status of hub port for the sub-region. This study analyzed the relationship between the container throughput and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of nine west African countries, using Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Polynomial Regression Model (PRM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) with a time series of 20 years. The results showed that there exists a high correlation between the GDP and container throughput. The model also predicted the container throughput in west Africa for the next 20 years. The findings and recommendations presented in this research will guide policy makers and help improve the management of container ports and terminals in west Africa, thereby boosting the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container" title="container">container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ports" title=" ports"> ports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminals" title=" terminals"> terminals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157245/econometric-analysis-of-west-african-countries-container-terminal-throughput-and-gross-domestic-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8704</span> Complex Technology of Virtual Reconstruction: The Case of Kazan Imperial University of XIX-Early XX Centuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20K.%20Karimova">L. K. Karimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Shariukova"> K. I. Shariukova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Kirpichnikova"> A. A. Kirpichnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Razuvalova"> E. A. Razuvalova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with technology of virtual reconstruction of Kazan Imperial University of XIX - early XX centuries. The paper describes technologies of 3D-visualization of high-resolution models of objects of university space, creation of multi-agent system and connected with these objects organized database of historical sources, variants of use of technologies of immersion into the virtual environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-reconstruction" title="3D-reconstruction">3D-reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20space" title=" university space"> university space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reconstruction" title=" virtual reconstruction"> virtual reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20heritage" title=" virtual heritage"> virtual heritage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41436/complex-technology-of-virtual-reconstruction-the-case-of-kazan-imperial-university-of-xix-early-xx-centuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8703</span> A System Framework for Dynamic Service Deployment in Container-Based Computing Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuen-Tai%20Wang">Shuen-Tai Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ching%20Lin"> Yu-Ching Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsi-Ya%20Chang"> Hsi-Ya Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing and virtualization technology have brought an innovative way for people to develop and use software nowadays. However, conventional virtualization comes at the expense of performance loss for applications. Container-based virtualization could be an option as it potentially reduces overhead and minimizes performance decline of the service platform. In this paper, we introduce a system framework and present an implementation of resource broker for dynamic cloud service deployment on the container-based platform to facilitate the efficient execution and improve the utilization. We target the load-aware service deployment approach for task ranking scenario. This proposed effort can collaborate with resource management system to adaptively deploy services according to the different requests. In particular, our approach relies on composing service immediately onto appropriate container according to user’s requirement in order to conserve the waiting time. Our evaluation shows how efficient of the service deployment is and how to expand its applicability to support the variety of cloud service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container-based%20virtualization" title=" container-based virtualization"> container-based virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20broker" title=" resource broker"> resource broker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20deployment" title=" service deployment"> service deployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92510/a-system-framework-for-dynamic-service-deployment-in-container-based-computing-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8702</span> i2kit: A Tool for Immutable Infrastructure Deployments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Chico%20De%20Guzman">Pablo Chico De Guzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Sanchez"> Cesar Sanchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microservice architectures are increasingly in distributed cloud applications due to the advantages on the software composition, development speed, release cycle frequency and the business logic time to market. On the other hand, these architectures also introduce some challenges on the testing and release phases of applications. Container technology solves some of these issues by providing reproducible environments, easy of software distribution and isolation of processes. However, there are other issues that remain unsolved in current container technology when dealing with multiple machines, such as networking for multi-host communication, service discovery, load balancing or data persistency (even though some of these challenges are already solved by traditional cloud vendors in a very mature and widespread manner). Container cluster management tools, such as Kubernetes, Mesos or Docker Swarm, attempt to solve these problems by introducing a new control layer where the unit of deployment is the container (or the pod — a set of strongly related containers that must be deployed on the same machine). These tools are complex to configure and manage and they do not follow a pure immutable infrastructure approach since servers are reused between deployments. Indeed, these tools introduce dependencies at execution time for solving networking or service discovery problems. If an error on the control layer occurs, which would affect running applications, specific expertise is required to perform ad-hoc troubleshooting. As a consequence, it is not surprising that container cluster support is becoming a source of revenue for consulting services. This paper presents i2kit, a deployment tool based on the immutable infrastructure pattern, where the virtual machine is the unit of deployment. The input for i2kit is a declarative definition of a set of microservices, where each microservice is defined as a pod of containers. Microservices are built into machine images using linuxkit —- a tool for creating minimal linux distributions specialized in running containers. These machine images are then deployed to one or more virtual machines, which are exposed through a cloud vendor load balancer. Finally, the load balancer endpoint is set into other microservices using an environment variable, providing service discovery. The toolkit i2kit reuses the best ideas from container technology to solve problems like reproducible environments, process isolation, and software distribution, and at the same time relies on mature, proven cloud vendor technology for networking, load balancing and persistency. The result is a more robust system with no learning curve for troubleshooting running applications. We have implemented an open source prototype that transforms i2kit definitions into AWS cloud formation templates, where each microservice AMI (Amazon Machine Image) is created on the fly using linuxkit. Even though container cluster management tools have more flexibility for resource allocation optimization, we defend that adding a new control layer implies more important disadvantages. Resource allocation is greatly improved by using linuxkit, which introduces a very small footprint (around 35MB). Also, the system is more secure since linuxkit installs the minimum set of dependencies to run containers. The toolkit i2kit is currently under development at the IMDEA Software Institute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container" title="container">container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deployment" title=" deployment"> deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immutable%20infrastructure" title=" immutable infrastructure"> immutable infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microservice" title=" microservice"> microservice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78219/i2kit-a-tool-for-immutable-infrastructure-deployments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8701</span> Teaching College Classes with Virtual Reality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penn%20P.%20Wu">Penn P. Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technologies have made it possible for students to experience a virtual on-the-scene or virtual in-person observation of an educational event. In an experimental class, the author uses VR, particularly 360° videos, to virtually engage students in an event, through a wide spectrum of educational resources, such s a virtual “bystander.” Students were able to observe the event as if they were physically on site, although they could not intervene with the scene. The author will describe the adopted equipment, specification, and cost of building them as well as the quality of VR. The author will discuss (a) feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of using VR as a supplemental technology to teach college students and criteria and methodologies used by the authors to evaluate them; (b) barriers and issues of technological implementation; and (c) pedagogical practices learned through this experiment. The author also attempts to explore (a) how VR could provide an interactive virtual in-person learning experience; (b) how VR can possibly change traditional college education and online education; (c) how educators and balance six critical factors: cost, time, technology, quality, result, and content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20with%20VR" title="learning with VR">learning with VR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20experience%20of%20learning" title=" virtual experience of learning"> virtual experience of learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20in-person%20learning" title=" virtual in-person learning"> virtual in-person learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20for%20education" title=" virtual reality for education"> virtual reality for education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59042/teaching-college-classes-with-virtual-reality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8700</span> The Importance of Student Feedback in Development of Virtual Engineering Laboratories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Altalbe">A. A. Altalbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20W%20Bergmann"> N. W Bergmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been significant recent interest in on-line learning, as well as considerable work on developing technologies for virtual laboratories for engineering students. After reviewing the state-of-the-art of virtual laboratories, this paper steps back from the technology issues to look in more detail at the pedagogical issues surrounding virtual laboratories, and examines the role of gathering student feedback in the development of such laboratories. The main contribution of the paper is a set of student surveys before and after a prototype deployment of a simulation laboratory tool, and the resulting analysis which leads to some tentative guidelines for the design of virtual engineering laboratories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title="engineering education">engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elearning" title=" elearning"> elearning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20engineering" title=" electrical engineering"> electrical engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20laboratories" title=" virtual laboratories"> virtual laboratories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62804/the-importance-of-student-feedback-in-development-of-virtual-engineering-laboratories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8699</span> Onboard Heat, Pressure and Boil-Off Gas Treatment for Stacked NGH Tank Containers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Jin%20Kang">Hee Jin Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite numerous studies on the reserves and availability of natural gas hydrates, the technology of transporting natural gas hydrates in large quantities to sea has not been put into practical use. Several natural gas hydrate transport technologies presented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are under preparation for commercialization. Among them, NGH tank container concept modularized transportation unit to prevent sintering effect during sea transportation. The natural gas hydrate can be vaporized in a certain part during the transportation. Unprocessed BOG increases the pressure inside the tank. Also, there is a risk of fire if you export the BOG out of the tank without proper handling. Therefore, in this study, we have studied the concept of technology to properly process BOG to modularize natural gas hydrate and to transport it to sea for long distance. The study is expected to contribute to the practical use of NGH tank container, which is a modular transport concept proposed to solve the sintering problem that occurs when transporting natural gas hydrate in the form of bulk cargo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20gas%20hydrate" title="Natural gas hydrate">Natural gas hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tank%20container" title=" tank container"> tank container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20transportation" title=" marine transportation"> marine transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boil-off%20gas" title=" boil-off gas"> boil-off gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70771/onboard-heat-pressure-and-boil-off-gas-treatment-for-stacked-ngh-tank-containers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8698</span> An Empirical Analysis of the Freight Forwarders’ Buying Behaviour: Implications for the Ocean Container Carriers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Dzakah%20Fanam">Peter Dzakah Fanam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20O.%20Nguyen"> Hong O. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Cahoon"> Stephen Cahoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to explore the buying behavior of the freight forwarders and to evaluate how their buying decision affects the ocean container carriers’ market share. This study analysed the buying decisions of the freight forwarders and validated the process of stages that the freight forwarders’ pass through before choosing an ocean container carrier. Factor analysis was applied to data collected from 105 freight forwarding companies to unveil the influential factors the freight forwarders’ consider important when selecting an ocean container carrier. This study did not only analysed the buying behaviour of the freight forwarders but also unveiled the influential factors affecting the competitiveness of the ocean container carriers in their market share maximisation. Furthermore, the study have made a methodological contribution that helps in better understanding of the critical factors influencing the selection of the ocean container carriers from the freight forwarders’ perspective. The implications of the freight forwarders’ buying behaviour is important to the ocean container carriers because it have severe effect on the market share of the ocean container carriers and the percentage of customers they control within the liner shipping sector. The findings of this study will help the ocean container carriers to formulate relevant marketing strategies in attracting the freight forwarders in purchasing the liner shipping service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20carrier" title="ocean carrier">ocean carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freight%20forwarder" title=" freight forwarder"> freight forwarder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying%20behaviour" title=" buying behaviour"> buying behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influential%20factors" title=" influential factors"> influential factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53684/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-freight-forwarders-buying-behaviour-implications-for-the-ocean-container-carriers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8697</span> Virtual Reality Technology for Employee Training in High-Risk Industries: Benefits and Advancements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeganeh%20Jabbari">Yeganeh Jabbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepideh%20Khalatabad"> Sepideh Khalatabad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the development of virtual reality (VR) technology for training applications, specifically its the potential benefits of VR technology for employee training and its ability to simulate real-world scenarios in a safe and controlled environment are highlighted, along with the associated cost and time savings. The adoption of VR technology in high-risk industrial organizations such as the oil and gas industry is discussed, with a focus on its ability to improve worker performance. Additionally, the use of VR technology in activities such as simulation and data visualization in the oil and gas industry is explored, leading to enhanced safety measures and collaboration between teams. The integration of advanced technologies such as robotics is mentioned as a way to further promote efficiency and sustainability. Also, the study mentions that the digital transformation of the oil and gas industry is revolutionizing operations and promoting safety, efficiency, and sustainability through the use of VR technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20training" title="virtual reality training">virtual reality training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20benefits" title=" virtual reality benefits"> virtual reality benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20industries" title=" high-risk industries"> high-risk industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166838/virtual-reality-technology-for-employee-training-in-high-risk-industries-benefits-and-advancements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8696</span> Pallet Tracking and Cost Optimization of the Flow of Goods in Logistics Operations by Serial Shipping Container Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominika%20Crnjac%20Milic">Dominika Crnjac Milic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Martinovic"> Martina Martinovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Simovic"> Vladimir Simovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The case study method in this paper shows the implementation of Information Technology (IT) and the Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) in a Croatian company that deals with logistics operations and provides logistics services in the cold chain segment. This company is aware of the sensitivity of the goods entrusted to them by the user of the service, as well as of the importance of speed and accuracy in providing logistics services. To that end, it has implemented and used the latest IT to ensure the highest standard of high-quality logistics services to its customers. Looking for efficiency and optimization of supply chain management, while maintaining a high level of quality of the products that are sold, today's users of outsourced logistics services are open to the implementation of new IT products that ultimately deliver savings. By analysing the positive results and the difficulties that arise when using this technology, we aim to provide an insight into the potential of this approach of the logistics service provider. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20operations" title="logistics operations">logistics operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serial%20shipping%20container%20code" title=" serial shipping container code"> serial shipping container code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20optimization" title=" cost optimization"> cost optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75994/pallet-tracking-and-cost-optimization-of-the-flow-of-goods-in-logistics-operations-by-serial-shipping-container-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8695</span> A Novel Integration of Berth Allocation, Quay Cranes and Trucks Scheduling Problems in Container Terminals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Moharami%20Gargari">M. Moharami Gargari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Javdani%20Zamani"> S. Javdani Zamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mohammadnejad"> A. Mohammadnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abuali"> S. Abuali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As maritime container transport is developing fast, the need arises for efficient operations at container terminals. One of the most important determinants of container handling efficiency is the productivity of quay cranes and internal transportation vehicles, which are responsible transporting of containers for unloading and loading operations for container vessels. For this reason, this paper presents an integrated mathematical model formulation for discrete berths with quay cranes and internal transportations vehicles. The problems have received increasing attention in the literature and the present paper deals with the integration of these interrelated problems. A new mixed integer linear formulation is developed for the Berth Allocation Problem (BAP), Quay Crane Assignment and Scheduling Problem (QCASP) and Internal Transportation Scheduling (ITS), which accounts for cranes and trucks positioning conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20berths" title="discrete berths">discrete berths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20terminal" title=" container terminal"> container terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truck%20scheduling" title=" truck scheduling"> truck scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20vessel%20arrival" title=" dynamic vessel arrival "> dynamic vessel arrival </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30174/a-novel-integration-of-berth-allocation-quay-cranes-and-trucks-scheduling-problems-in-container-terminals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8694</span> Experimental and Numerical Studies on Hydrogen Behavior in a Small-Scale Container with Passive Autocatalytic Recombiner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyuki%20Takase">Kazuyuki Takase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshihisa%20Hiraki"> Yoshihisa Hiraki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaku%20Takase"> Gaku Takase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isamu%20Kudo"> Isamu Kudo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important issue is to ensure the safety of long-term waste storage containers in which fuel debris and radioactive materials are accumulated. In this case, hydrogen generated by water decomposition by radiation is accumulated in the container for a long period of time, so it is necessary to reduce the concentration of hydrogen in the container. In addition, a condition that any power supplies from the outside of the container are unnecessary is requested. Then, radioactive waste storage containers with the passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) would be effective. The radioactive waste storage container with PAR was used for moving the fuel debris of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 to the storage location. However, the effect of PAR is not described in detail. Moreover, the reduction of hydrogen concentration during the long-term storage period was performed by the venting system, which was installed on the top of the container. Therefore, development of a long-term storage container with PAR was started with the aim of safely storing fuel debris picked up at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant for a long period of time. A fundamental experiment for reducing the concentration of hydrogen which generates in a nuclear waste long-term storage container was carried out using a small-scale container with PAR. Moreover, the circulation flow behavior of hydrogen in the small-scale container resulting from the natural convection by the decay heat was clarified. In addition, preliminary numerical analyses were performed to predict the experimental results regarding the circulation flow behavior and the reduction of hydrogen concentration in the small-scale container. From the results of the present study, the validity of the container with PAR was experimentally confirmed on the reduction of hydrogen concentration. In addition, it was predicted numerically that the circulation flow behavior of hydrogen in the small-scale container is blocked by steam which generates by chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20behavior" title="hydrogen behavior">hydrogen behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20of%20concentration" title=" reduction of concentration"> reduction of concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20storage%20container" title=" long-term storage container"> long-term storage container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-scale" title=" small-scale"> small-scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAR" title=" PAR"> PAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89008/experimental-and-numerical-studies-on-hydrogen-behavior-in-a-small-scale-container-with-passive-autocatalytic-recombiner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8693</span> Mathematical Model and Algorithm for the Berth and Yard Resource Allocation at Seaports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Liu">Ming Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhihui%20Sun"> Zhihui Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoning%20Zhang"> Xiaoning Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a deterministic container transportation problem, jointly optimizing the berth allocation, quay crane assignment and yard storage allocation at container ports. The problem is formulated as an integer program to coordinate the decisions. Because of the large scale, it is then transformed into a set partitioning formulation, and a framework of branchand- price algorithm is provided to solve it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branch-and-price" title="branch-and-price">branch-and-price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20terminal" title=" container terminal"> container terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20scheduling" title=" joint scheduling"> joint scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20logistics" title=" maritime logistics"> maritime logistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69918/mathematical-model-and-algorithm-for-the-berth-and-yard-resource-allocation-at-seaports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8692</span> Application of Container Technique to High-Risk Children: Its Effect on Their Levels of Stress, Anxiety and Depression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Thi%20Loan">Nguyen Thi Loan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phan%20Ngoc%20Thanh%20Tra"> Phan Ngoc Thanh Tra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Container is one of the techniques used in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EDMR) Therapy. This paper presents the positive results of applying Container technique to “high risk children”. The sample for this research is composed of 60 “high risk children” whose ages range from 11 to 18 years old, housed in Ho Chi Minh City Youth Center. They have been under the program of the Worldwide Orphans Foundation since August 2015 for various reasons such as, loss of parents, anti-social behaviors, homelessness, child labor among others. These “high risk children” are under high levels of stress, anxiety and depression. The subjects were divided into two groups: the control and the experimental with 30 members each. The experimental group was applied Container Technique and the instruments used to measure their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are DASS-42 and ASEBA. Results show that after applying the Container Technique to the experimental group, there are significant differences between the two groups’ levels of stress, anxiety and depression. The experimental group’s levels of stress, anxiety and depression decreased significantly. The results serve as a basis for the researchers to make an appeal to psychologists to apply Container Technique in doing psychological treatment in a suitable context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20technique" title=" container technique"> container technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMDR" title=" EMDR"> EMDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68824/application-of-container-technique-to-high-risk-children-its-effect-on-their-levels-of-stress-anxiety-and-depression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8691</span> General Framework for Price Regulation of Container Terminals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Yildiz">Murat Yildiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Yildiz"> Burcu Yildiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Price Cap Regulation is a form of economic regulation designed in the 1980s in the United Kingdom. Price cap regulation sets a cap on the price that the utility provider can charge. The cap is set according to several economic factors, such as the price cap index, expected efficiency savings and inflation. It has been used by several countries as a regulatory regime in several sectors. Container port privatization is still in early stages in some countries. Lack of a general framework can be an impediment to privatization. This paper aims a general framework to comprising decisions to be made for variables which are able to accommodate the variety of container terminals. Several approaches that may be needed as well as a passage between approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Price%20Cap%20Regulation" title="Price Cap Regulation">Price Cap Regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ports%20privatization" title=" ports privatization"> ports privatization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20terminal%20price%20regime" title=" container terminal price regime"> container terminal price regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earning%20sharing" title=" earning sharing"> earning sharing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46297/general-framework-for-price-regulation-of-container-terminals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8690</span> Numerical Simulation of Sloshing Control Using Input Shaping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongjoo%20Kim">Dongjoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective control of sloshing in a liquid container is an important issue to be resolved in many applications. In this study, numerical simulations are performed to design the velocity profile of rectangular container and investigate the effectiveness of input shaping for sloshing control. Trapezoidal profiles of container velocity are chosen to be reference commands and they are convolved with a series of impulses to generate shaped ones that induce minimal residual oscillations. The performances of several input shapers are compared from the viewpoint of transient peak and residual oscillations of sloshing. Results show that sloshing can be effectively controlled by input shaping (Supported by the NRF programs, NRF-2015R1D1A1A01059675, of Korean government). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20shaping" title="input shaping">input shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20container" title=" rectangular container"> rectangular container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title=" sloshing"> sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezoidal%20profile" title=" trapezoidal profile"> trapezoidal profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020/numerical-simulation-of-sloshing-control-using-input-shaping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8689</span> A Dirty Page Migration Method in Process of Memory Migration Based on Pre-copy Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Zijian">Kang Zijian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Tingyu"> Zhang Tingyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article investigates the challenges in memory migration during the live migration of virtual machines. We found three challenges probably existing in pre-copy technology. One of the main challenges is the challenge of downtime migration. Decrease the downtime could promise the normal work for a virtual machine. Although pre-copy technology is greatly decreasing the downtime, we still need to shut down the machine in order to finish the last round of data transfer. This paper provides an optimization scheme for the problems existing in pro-copy technology, mainly the optimization of the dirty page migration mechanism. The typical pre-copy technology copy n-1th’s dirty pages in nth turn. However, our idea is to create a double iteration method to solve this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20machine" title="virtual machine">virtual machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-copy%20technology" title=" pre-copy technology"> pre-copy technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20migration%20process" title=" memory migration process"> memory migration process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downtime" title=" downtime"> downtime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dirty%20pages%20migration%20method" title=" dirty pages migration method"> dirty pages migration method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169033/a-dirty-page-migration-method-in-process-of-memory-migration-based-on-pre-copy-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8688</span> Operating System Based Virtualization Models in Cloud Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dev%20Ras%20Pandey">Dev Ras Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Mishra"> Bharat Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Tripathi"> S. K. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing is ready to transform the structure of businesses and learning through supplying the real-time applications and provide an immediate help for small to medium sized businesses. The ability to run a hypervisor inside a virtual machine is important feature of virtualization and it is called nested virtualization. In today’s growing field of information technology, many of the virtualization models are available, that provide a convenient approach to implement, but decision for a single model selection is difficult. This paper explains the applications of operating system based virtualization in cloud computing with an appropriate/suitable model with their different specifications and user’s requirements. In the present paper, most popular models are selected, and the selection was based on container and hypervisor based virtualization. Selected models were compared with a wide range of user’s requirements as number of CPUs, memory size, nested virtualization supports, live migration and commercial supports, etc. and we identified a most suitable model of virtualization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtualization" title="virtualization">virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OS%20based%20virtualization" title=" OS based virtualization"> OS based virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20based%20virtualization" title=" container based virtualization"> container based virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypervisor%20based%20virtualization" title=" hypervisor based virtualization"> hypervisor based virtualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68118/operating-system-based-virtualization-models-in-cloud-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8687</span> An Intelligent Tutoring System Enriched with 3D Virtual Reality for Dentistry Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meltem%20Ery%C4%B1lmaz">Meltem Eryılmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the emergence of the COVID-19 infection outbreak, the socio-cultural, political, economic, educational systems dynamics of the world have gone through a major change, especially in the educational field, specifically dentistry preclinical education, where the students must have a certain amount of real-time experience in endodontics and other various procedures. The totality of the digital and physical elements that make our five sense organs feel as if we really exist in a virtual world is called virtual reality. Virtual reality, which is very popular today, has started to be used in education. With the inclusion of developing technology in education and training environments, virtual learning platforms have been designed to enrich students' learning experiences. The field of health is also affected by these current developments, and the number of virtual reality applications developed for students studying dentistry is increasing day by day. The most widely used tools of this technology are virtual reality glasses. With virtual reality glasses, you can look any way you want in a world designed in 3D and navigate as you wish. With this project, solutions that will respond to different types of dental practices of students who study dentistry with virtual reality applications are produced. With this application, students who cannot find the opportunity to work with patients in distance education or who want to improve themselves at home have unlimited trial opportunities. Unity 2021, Visual Studio 2019, Cardboard SDK are used in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentistry" title="dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20tutoring%20system" title=" intelligent tutoring system"> intelligent tutoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141811/an-intelligent-tutoring-system-enriched-with-3d-virtual-reality-for-dentistry-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8686</span> Managing Virtual Teams in a Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jafari%20Toosy">M. Jafari Toosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zamani"> A. Zamani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article, considering the result of pandemics at the international level and all activities and projects performed virtually and the need for resource management and virtual teams in this period identifies the components of virtual management after searching the available resources. Exploration of virtual management in the pandemic era is explored in 10 international articles. The results of research with this method and according to the tasks and topics related to management knowledge and definition of virtual teams can be divided into topics such as planning, decision making, control, organization, leadership, attention to growth and capability, resources and facilities, Communication, creativity, innovation and security. In order to explain the nature of virtual management, a definition of virtual management was provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual" title=" virtual"> virtual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20team%20management" title=" virtual team management"> virtual team management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=team" title=" team"> team</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143801/managing-virtual-teams-in-a-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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