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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Superkonduktivitas" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Superkonduktivitas" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Superkonduktivitas" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Superkonduktivitas" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Buku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artikel_Jurnal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_Jurnal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Artikel Jurnal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_Jurnal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Superkonduktivitas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 76 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9" title="موصلية فائقة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موصلية فائقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="سوپردواز – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سوپردواز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="অতি পৰিবাহিতা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অতি পৰিবাহিতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivid%C3%A1" title="Superconductividá – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Superconductividá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0fratke%C3%A7iricilik" title="İfratkeçiricilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfratkeçiricilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Звышправоднасць – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Звышправоднасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Свръхпроводимост – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свръхпроводимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="অতিপরিবাহিতা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অতিপরিবাহিতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superprovodljivost" title="Superprovodljivost – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Superprovodljivost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivitat" title="Superconductivitat – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Superconductivitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="گەیەنەری ڕەھا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەیەنەری ڕەھا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supravodivost" title="Supravodivost – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Supravodivost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superledende" title="Superledende – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Superledende" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraleitung" title="Supraleitung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supraleitung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Υπεραγωγιμότητα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπεραγωγιμότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Superconductivity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superkonduktiveco" title="Superkonduktiveco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Superkonduktiveco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductividad" title="Superconductividad – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Superconductividad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Clijuhtivus" title="Ülijuhtivus – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ülijuhtivus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supereroankortasun" title="Supereroankortasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Supereroankortasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ابررسانایی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابررسانایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprajohde" title="Suprajohde – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suprajohde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraconductivit%C3%A9" title="Supraconductivité – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supraconductivité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsheoltacht" title="Forsheoltacht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Forsheoltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercondutividade" title="Supercondutividade – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Supercondutividade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="מוליכות-על – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוליכות-על" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अतिचालकता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतिचालकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supravodljivost" title="Supravodljivost – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Supravodljivost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siprakondikt%C3%A8" title="Siprakondiktè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siprakondiktè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szupravezet%C3%A9s" title="Szupravezetés – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szupravezetés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գերհաղորդականություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերհաղորդականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconduttivit%C3%A0" title="Superconduttività – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Superconduttività" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9D%E5%B0%8E" title="超伝導 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超伝導" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ზეგამტარობა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზეგამტარობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Асқын өткізгіштік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Асқын өткізгіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84_%ED%98%84%EC%83%81" title="초전도 현상 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초전도 현상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductrum" title="Superconductrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Superconductrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlaidumas" title="Superlaidumas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Superlaidumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supravad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Supravadītspēja – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Supravadītspēja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Суперспроводливост – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суперспроводливост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4" title="അതിചാലകത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അതിചാലകത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Хэт дамжуулагч – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэт дамжуулагч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अतिसंवाहकता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अतिसंवाहकता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keberaliran_lampau" title="Keberaliran lampau – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keberaliran lampau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE" title="စူပါကွန်ဒပ်တီဗီတီ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စူပါကွန်ဒပ်တီဗီတီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابررسانا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ابررسانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergeleiding" title="Supergeleiding – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supergeleiding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superkonduktivitet" title="Superkonduktivitet – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Superkonduktivitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadprzewodnictwo" title="Nadprzewodnictwo – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadprzewodnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzor-condutivit%C3%A0" title="Dzor-condutività – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dzor-condutività" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%84%DB%90%DA%96%D8%AF" title="د برېښنا فوق العاده لېږد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د برېښنا فوق العاده لېږد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercondutividade" title="Supercondutividade – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supercondutividade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraconductibilitate" title="Supraconductibilitate – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supraconductibilitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Сверхпроводимость – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сверхпроводимость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Superconductivity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%86%DA%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="سپرڪنڊڪٽيويٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سپرڪنڊڪٽيويٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraprovodnost" title="Supraprovodnost – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Supraprovodnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සුපිරි සන්නායකතාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුපිරි සන්නායකතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supravodivos%C5%A5" title="Supravodivosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Supravodivosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superprevodnost" title="Superprevodnost – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Superprevodnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superp%C3%ABrcjellshm%C3%ABria" title="Superpërcjellshmëria – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Superpërcjellshmëria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Суперпроводност – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суперпроводност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraledning" title="Supraledning – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Supraledning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மீக்கடத்துதிறன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மீக்கடத்துதிறன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="అతివాహకత్వము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అతివాహకత్వము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="สภาพนำยวดยิ่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภาพนำยวดยิ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCperiletkenlik" title="Süperiletkenlik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süperiletkenlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%82%D3%99_%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D2%AF%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Үтә үткәрүчәнлек – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үтә үткәрүчәнлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Надпровідність – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Надпровідність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="فوق ایصالیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوق ایصالیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercondutivit%C3%A0" title="Supercondutività – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Supercondutività" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Siêu dẫn – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siêu dẫn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductividad" title="Superconductividad – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Superconductividad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%BC%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超导现象 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="超导现象" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%BC%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超导现象 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超导现象" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="超導現象 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="超導現象" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124131#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Superkonduktivitas</b> atau <b>keteradihantaran</b> adalah sebuah fenomena yang terjadi dalam beberapa <a href="/wiki/Material" class="mw-redirect" title="Material">material</a> pada suhu rendah, dicirikan dengan ketiadaan <a href="/wiki/Hambatan_listrik" title="Hambatan listrik">hambatan listrik</a> dan "dampin" dari <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Medan magnetik">medan magnetik</a> bagian dalam (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_Meissner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek Meissner (halaman belum tersedia)">efek Meissner</a>). Superkonduktivitas adalah sebuah fenomena mekanika-kuantum yang berbeda dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktor_klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkonduktor klasik (halaman belum tersedia)">konduktivitas sempurna</a>. </p><p>Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktor_konvensional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkonduktor konvensional (halaman belum tersedia)">superkonduktor konvensional</a>, superkonduktivitas disebabkan oleh sebuah <a href="/wiki/Gaya" class="mw-disambig" title="Gaya">gaya</a> tarik antara <a href="/wiki/Konduksi_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduksi listrik">elektron konduksi</a> tertentu yang meningkat dari pertukaran <i><a href="/wiki/Phonon" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonon">phonon</a></i>, yang menyebabkan elektron konduksi memperlihatkan <a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">fase</a> <a href="/wiki/Superfluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluid">adizalir</a> terdiri dari <i>pasangan</i> elektron yang berhubungan. Ada juga sebuah kelas material, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktor_tidak_konvensional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkonduktor tidak konvensional (halaman belum tersedia)">superkonduktor tidak konvensional</a>, yang memperlihatkan superkonduktivitas tetapi yang ciri fisiknya berlawanan dengan teori superkonduktor konvensional. Apa yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktor_suhu-tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkonduktor suhu-tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">superkonduktor suhu-tinggi</a> bersuperkonduk pada suhu yang jauh lebih tinggi dari yang dimungkinkan menurut teori konvensional (meskipun masih jauh di bawah <a href="/wiki/Suhu_ruangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suhu ruangan">suhu ruangan</a>). Sekarang ini tidak ada teori lengkap tentang <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi</a>. </p><p>Superkonduktivitas terjadi di berbagai macam material, termasuk unsur sederhana seperti <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloy">logam lakur</a>, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> di-dop-berat, dan beberapa senyawa <a href="/wiki/Keramik" title="Keramik">keramik</a> berisi bidang atom <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>. Kelas senyawa yang terakhir, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuprat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuprat (halaman belum tersedia)">kuprat</a>, adalah superkonduktor suhu tinggi. </p><p>Superkonduktivitas tidak terjadi dalam <a href="/wiki/Logam_mulia" title="Logam mulia">logam mulia</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>, atau di banyak logam <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferromagnetisme">ferromagnetik</a>, meskipun ada beberapa material menampilkan baik superkonduktivitas dan feromagnetisme telah ditemukan tahun-tahun belakangan ini. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buku">Buku</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Buku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Buku"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Tinkham, Michael (2004). <i>Introduction to Superconductivity (2nd ed.)</i>. Dover Books on Physics. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-486-43503-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-486-43503-2">0-486-43503-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Superconductivity+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.pub=Dover+Books+on+Physics&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-486-43503-2&rft.au=Tinkham%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASuperkonduktivitas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tipler, Paul; Llewellyn, Ralph (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernphysics0000tipl"><i>Modern Physics (4th ed.)</i></a>. W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7167-4345-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7167-4345-0">0-7167-4345-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Physics+%284th+ed.%29&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7167-4345-0&rft.au=Tipler%2C+Paul%3B+Llewellyn%2C+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernphysics0000tipl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASuperkonduktivitas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artikel_Jurnal">Artikel Jurnal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Artikel Jurnal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Artikel Jurnal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>H.K. Onnes, <i>Commun. Phys. Lab.</i> <b>12</b>, 120 (1911)</li> <li>W. Meissner and R. Oschenfeld, <i>Naturwiss.</i> <b>21</b>, 787 (1933)</li> <li>F. London and H. London, <i>Proc. R. Soc. London</i> <b>A149</b>, 71 (1935)</li> <li>V.L. Ginzburg and L.D. Landau, <i>Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.</i> <b>20</b>, 1064 (1950)</li> <li>E.Maxwell, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>78</b>, 477 (1950)</li> <li>C.A. Reynolds et. al., <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>78</b>, 487 (1950)</li> <li>J. Bardeen, L.N. Cooper, and J.R. Schrieffer, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> <b>108</b>, 1175 (1957)</li> <li>N.N. Bogoliubov, <i>Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.</i> <b>34</b>, 58 (1958)</li> <li>L.P. Gor'kov, <i>Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.</i> <b>36</b>, 1364 (1959)</li> <li>B.D. Josephson, <i>Phys. Lett.</i> <b>1</b>, 251 (1962)</li> <li>J.G. Bednorz and K.A. Mueller, <i>Z. Phys.</i> <b>B64</b>, 189 (1986)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eere.energy.gov/EE/power_superconductivity.html">US, EREN: superconductivity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superconductors.org/">superconductors.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ornl.gov/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt1.html">Introduction to superconductivity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031027181934/http://www.ornl.gov/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt1.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2003-10-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.gov/partnerlabs/jlab.htm">Superconducting Niobium Cavities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051201025123/http://www.sns.gov/partnerlabs/jlab.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-12-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/applied/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215180800/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/applied/">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-12-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&oldid=24497712">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktivitas&oldid=24497712</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Superkonduktivitas" title="Kategori:Superkonduktivitas">Superkonduktivitas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu_material" title="Kategori:Ilmu material">Ilmu material</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 10 Oktober 2023, pukul 19.49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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