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<span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-determination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-determination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Self-determination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-determination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iwi_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iwi_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iwi identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iwi_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-tribalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-tribalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pan-tribalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pan-tribalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_iwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_iwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major iwi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_iwi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major iwi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_iwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_iwi_by_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_iwi_by_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Largest iwi by population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_iwi_by_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_iwi_by_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_iwi_by_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other iwi by population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_iwi_by_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_iwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_iwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other notable iwi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_iwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iwi_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iwi_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Iwi radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iwi_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%9C%84_(%EB%A7%88%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%A1%B1)" title="이위 (마오리족) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이위 (마오리족)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi_(maori)" title="Iwi (maori) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iwi (maori)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ივი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ივი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3" title="イウィ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イウィ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iwi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Иви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иви" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96)" title="Іві (маорі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іві (маорі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%BB%B4_(%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA)" title="伊维 (毛利人) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊维 (毛利人)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1676081#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest social unit in traditional Māori culture</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Māori social unit. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Iwi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Iwi (disambiguation)">Iwi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> <b>Iwi</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Māori pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">[ˈiwi]</a></span>) are the largest social units in New Zealand <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori society</a>. In <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">iwi</i></span> roughly means <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">people</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">nation</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara1998Back_cover_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara1998Back_cover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is often translated as "<a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is both singular and <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> in the Māori language, and is typically pluralised as such in English. </p><p><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">Iwi</span></span> groups trace their ancestry to the original <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> migrants who, according to tradition, arrived from <a href="/wiki/Hawaiki" title="Hawaiki">Hawaiki</a>. Some <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> cluster into larger groupings that are based on <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Whakapapa" title="Whakapapa">whakapapa</a></span></span> (genealogical tradition) and known as <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a></span></span> (literally <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, with reference to the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">original migration voyages</a>). These super-groupings are generally symbolic rather than logistical. In pre-European times, most Māori were allied to relatively small groups in the form of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a></i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">sub-tribes</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara199817_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara199817-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wh%C4%81nau" title="Whānau">whānau</a></span></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">family</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara1998164_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara1998164-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> contains a number of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span>; among the <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span> of the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a> iwi, for example, are <a href="/wiki/Te_Uri-o-Hau" title="Te Uri-o-Hau">Te Uri-o-Hau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Roroa" title="Te Roroa">Te Roroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Tao%C5%AB" title="Te Taoū">Te Taoū</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua-o-%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei</a>. Māori use the word <i><a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a></i> for the territory or boundaries of iwi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern-day New Zealand, <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> can exercise significant <a href="/wiki/Political_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Political power">political power</a> in the management of land and other assets. For example, the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Waitangi settlement">Treaty of Waitangi settlement</a> between the New Zealand Government and <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> compensated that <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> for various losses of the rights guaranteed under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> of 1840. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the tribe has collective assets under management of $1.85 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">Iwi</span></span> affairs can have a real impact on <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">New Zealand politics</a> and society. A 2004 attempt by some <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> to test in court their ownership of the seabed and foreshore areas polarised public opinion (see <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Māori and many other <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a>, <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">iwi</i></span> literally means <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">bone</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Oceanic_language" title="Proto-Oceanic language">Proto-Oceanic</a> *<i>suRi</i>₁, meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">thorn, splinter, fish bone</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ACD_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACD-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Māori may refer to returning home after travelling or living elsewhere as "going back to the bones" – literally to the burial areas of the <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestors</a>. Māori author <a href="/wiki/Keri_Hulme" title="Keri Hulme">Keri Hulme</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bone_People" title="The Bone People">The Bone People</a></i> (1985) has a title linked directly to the dual meaning of bone and "tribal people". </p><p>Many <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> names begin with <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ngāti</i></span> or with <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ngāi</i></span> (from <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngā āti</i></span> and <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngā ai</i></span> respectively, both meaning roughly <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the offspring of</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ngāti</i></span> has become a productive morpheme in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a> to refer to groups of people: examples are Ngāti Pākehā (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> as a group), <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%8Dneke" title="Ngāti Pōneke">Ngāti Pōneke</a> (Māori who have migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> region), and <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_R%C4%81nana" title="Ngāti Rānana">Ngāti Rānana</a> (Māori living in London). Ngāti Tūmatauenga ("Tribe of <a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABmatauenga" title="Tūmatauenga">Tūmatauenga</a>", the god of war) is the official Māori-language name of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language#South_Island_dialects" title="Māori language">southern dialect</a> of Māori, Ngāti and Ngāi become <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Kāti</i></span> and <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Kāi</i></span>, terms found in such iwi names as <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81i_Tahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a> (also known as Ngāi Tahu). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> has a generally recognised territory (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a></i></span>), but many of these overlap, sometimes completely.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has added a layer of complication to the long-running discussions and court cases about how to resolve historical Treaty claims. The length of coastline emerged as one factor in the final (2004) legislation to allocate fishing-rights in settlement of claims relating to commercial fisheries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-determination">Self-determination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Self-determination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">Iwi</span></span> can become a prospective vehicle for ideas and ideals of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and/or <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Tino_rangatiratanga" title="Tino rangatiratanga">tino rangatiratanga</a></i></span>. Thus does <a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a> mention in the preamble of its constitution "the dreams and aspirations of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">tangata whenua</a></span></span> to achieve self-determination for <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">whānau</span></span>, <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span> and <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> within their own land".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_T%C5%ABhoe" title="Ngāi Tūhoe">Tūhoe</a> envisage self-determination in specifically <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>-oriented terms.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iwi_identity">Iwi identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iwi identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Increasing urbanisation of Māori has led to a situation where a significant percentage do not identify with any particular <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>. The following extract from a 2000 <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court of New Zealand</a> judgment discussing the process of settling fishing rights illustrates some of the issues: </p> <blockquote> <p>... 81 per cent of Maori now live in urban areas, at least one-third live outside their tribal influence, more than one-quarter do not know their iwi or for some reason do not choose to affiliate with it, at least 70 per cent live outside the traditional tribal territory and these will have difficulties, which in many cases will be severe, in both relating to their tribal heritage and in accessing benefits from the settlement. It is also said that many Maori reject tribal affiliation because of a working-class unemployed attitude, defiance and frustration. Related but less important factors, are that a hapu may belong to more than one iwi, a particular hapu may have belonged to different iwi at different times, the tension caused by the social and economic power moving from the iwi down rather than from the hapu up, and the fact that many iwi do not recognise spouses and adoptees who do not have kinship links.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In the 2006 census, 16 per cent of the 643,977 people who claimed Māori ancestry did not know their <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>. Another 11 per cent did not state their <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>, or stated only a general geographic region, or merely gave a <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">waka</a></i></span> name.<sup id="cite_ref-iwi_Census_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwi_Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initiatives like the Iwi Helpline are trying to make it easier for people to identify their <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-iwihelpline_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwihelpline-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the proportion who "don't know" dropped relative to previous censuses.<sup id="cite_ref-iwi_Census_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwi_Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pan-tribalism">Pan-tribalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pan-tribalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some established pan-tribal organisations may<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (December 2018)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> exert influence across <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> divisions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a> Church, for example, operates across <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> divisions, and the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a>, though principally congregated around <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a>, aims to transcend some <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> functions in a wider grouping.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_iwi">Major iwi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major iwi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_iwi" title="List of iwi">List of iwi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_iwi_by_population">Largest iwi by population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Largest iwi by population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> – 165,201 (in 2018) – based in the <a href="/wiki/Northland_Region" title="Northland Region">Northland Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a> – 92,349 (in 2018) – based in <a href="/wiki/Gisborne,_New_Zealand" title="Gisborne, New Zealand">Gisborne Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Cape" title="East Cape">East Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Tainui" title="Waikato Tainui">Waikato Tainui</a> – 84,030 (in 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – based in the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu">Ngāti Kahungunu</a> – 82,239 (in 2018) based on the East Coast of the North Island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu/ Kāi Tahu</a> – 74,082<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(in 2018) based in the South Island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Arawa" title="Te Arawa">Te Arawa</a> – 60,719 (in 2018) – based in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">Bay of Plenty Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_T%C5%ABwharetoa" title="Ngāti Tūwharetoa">Ngāti Tūwharetoa</a> – 47,930 (in 2018) – based in the central <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABhoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tūhoe">Ngāi Tūhoe</a> – 46,479 (in 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – based in <a href="/wiki/Te_Urewera" title="Te Urewera">Te Urewera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne" title="Whakatāne">Whakatāne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maniapoto" title="Ngāti Maniapoto">Ngāti Maniapoto</a> – 45,719 (in 2018) – based in <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waitomo" title="Waitomo">Waitomo</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_iwi_by_population">Other iwi by population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other iwi by population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>No affiliation – 110,928 (in 2013) – includes New-Zealand-based Māori with no <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> affiliation</li> <li>Te Hiku, or <a href="/wiki/Muriwhenua" title="Muriwhenua">Muriwhenua</a> – 33,711 (in 2013) – group of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> and <i><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Northland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland region">Northland region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Raukawa" title="Ngāti Raukawa">Ngāti Raukawa</a> – 29,442 (in 2013) – group of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> and <i><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> region, <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D" title="Taupō">Taupō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB-Whanganui" title="Manawatū-Whanganui">Manawatū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80ti_Awa" title="Te Āti Awa">Te Āti Awa</a> – 23,094 (in 2013) – group of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> and <i><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_M%C4%81ori" title="Hauraki Māori">Hauraki Māori</a> – 14,313 (in 2013) – group of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> and <i><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span></i> at or around the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_iwi">Other notable iwi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other notable iwi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Porirua" title="Porirua">Porirua</a>, having migrated from <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> in the 1820s under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tama" title="Ngāti Tama">Ngāti Tama</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Te_Tau_Ihu_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Tau Ihu Māori">Te Tau Ihu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Ruanui" title="Ngāti Ruanui">Ngāti Ruanui</a> (based in the Taranaki region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruahine" title="Ngāruahine">Ngāruahine</a> (based in South Taranaki)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80ti_Awa" title="Te Āti Awa">Te Āti Awa</a> – Taranaki and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hikairo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Hikairo">Ngāti Hikairo </a>-rangatiratanga in Kāwhia, Ōpārau and Waipā in the <a href="/wiki/King_Country" title="King Country">King Country</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C5%8Dhea" title="Whakatōhea">Whakatōhea</a> (based in the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki" title="Ōpōtiki">Ōpōtiki</a> district)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a> (based in and north of <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> – notably <a href="/wiki/Bastion_Point" title="Bastion Point">Bastion Point</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ōrākei">Ōrākei</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iwi_radio">Iwi radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iwi radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Te_Whakaruruhau_o_Ng%C4%81_Reo_Irirangi_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori">Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori</a></div> <p>Many <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> operate or are affiliated with media organisations. Most of these belong to <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Te_Whakaruruhau_o_Ng%C4%81_Reo_Irirangi_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori">Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori</a></span></span> (the National Māori Radio Network), a group of radio stations which receive contestable Government funding from <a href="/wiki/Te_M%C4%81ngai_P%C4%81ho" title="Te Māngai Pāho">Te Māngai Pāho</a> (the Māori Broadcast Funding Agency) to operate on behalf of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> and <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">hapū</span></span>. Under their funding agreement, the stations must produce programmes in the local Māori language and actively promote local Māori culture.<sup id="cite_ref-maorimedia_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maorimedia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A two-year <a href="/wiki/Massey_University" title="Massey University">Massey University</a> survey of 30,000 people published in 2003 indicated 50 per cent of Māori in National Māori Radio Network broadcast areas listened to an <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> station.<sup id="cite_ref-hiddensuccess_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiddensuccess-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_of_Technology" title="Auckland University of Technology">Auckland University of Technology</a> study in 2009 suggested the audience of <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> radio stations would increase as the growing New Zealand Māori population tried to keep a connection to their culture, family history, spirituality, community, language and <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-diversityreportage_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diversityreportage-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> Te Reo Māori Society campaigned for Māori radio, helping to set up Te Reo o Poneke, the first Māori-owned radio operation, using airtime on Wellington <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">student-radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/Radio_Active_(New_Zealand)" title="Radio Active (New Zealand)">Radio Active</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-walkerfirstiwi_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkerfirstiwi-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-one <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">iwi</span></span> radio stations were set up between 1989 and 1994, receiving Government funding in accordance with a Treaty of Waitangi claim.<sup id="cite_ref-cherrylsmith_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cherrylsmith-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group of radio stations formed various networks, becoming <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;">Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-avcgroupeu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avcgroupeu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara1998Back_cover-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara1998Back_cover_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBallara1998">Ballara 1998</a>, Back cover.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: Durie, A. (1999). Emancipatory Māori education: Speaking from the heart. In S. May (Ed.), <i>Indigenous community education</i> (pp. 67–78). Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.<br />- See also: Healey, S. M. (2006). <i>The nature of the relationship of the Crown in New Zealand with iwi Māori</i>. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Auckland, New Zealand.<br />- See also: Sharp, A. (1999). What if value and rights lie foundationally in groups? The Maori case. <i>Critical Review of International, Social and Political Philosophy</i>, <i>2</i>(2), 1–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, R. (1848). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TayALea-t1-body-d2-d20.html">A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand, or, A vocabulary of its different productions, &c., &c., with their native names</a></i>.<br />- <a href="/wiki/John_White_(ethnographer)" title="John White (ethnographer)">White, J.</a> (1887). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Whi03Anci-t1-g1-t1-body-d1.html">The ancient history of the Maori, his mythology and traditions</a></i>.<br />- Smith, S. P. (1910). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-SmiMaor-t1-front-d3.html">Maori wars of the nineteenth century; the struggle of the northern against the southern Maori tribes prior to the colonisation of New Zealand in 1840</a></i>.<br />- Best, E. (1934). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BesMaor-c5-0.html">The Maori as he was: A brief account of Maori life as it was in pre-European days</a></i>.<br />- Buck, P. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BucTheC-t1-g1-t3-body1-d2-d3.html"><i>The coming of the Maori</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara199817-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara199817_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBallara1998">Ballara 1998</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallara1998164-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallara1998164_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBallara1998">Ballara 1998</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tereomaori.tki.org.nz/Curriculum-guidelines/Appendix-2-Glossary-of-Maori-terms">"Glossary of Māori terms"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Austronesian+Comparative+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%2AsuRi%E2%82%81%3A+thorn%2C+splinter%2C+fish+bone&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Blust&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Trussel%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facd.clld.org%2Fcognatesets%2F30101%233%2F-10.68%2F176.00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310152116/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=A949CD08-4825-48BF-B038-FAC923793297&chapter=12">"Waitangi Tribunal – About the Reports"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=A949CD08-4825-48BF-B038-FAC923793297&chapter=12">the original</a> on 10 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waitangi+Tribunal+%E2%80%93+About+the+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz%2Freports%2Fviewchapter.asp%3FreportID%3DA949CD08-4825-48BF-B038-FAC923793297%26chapter%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maoriparty.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1056&Itemid=94">"The Rules of the Maori Party"</a>. The Māori Party<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2008</span>. <q>The Maori Party is born of the dreams and aspirations of tangata whenua to achieve self-determination for whānau, hapū and iwi within their own land; to speak with a strong, independent and united voice; and to live according to kaupapa handed down by our ancestors. The vision for the Maori Party will be based on these aspirations [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rules+of+the+Maori+Party&rft.pub=The+M%C4%81ori+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maoriparty.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1056%26Itemid%3D94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTahana2008" class="citation news cs1">Tahana, Yvonne (9 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10526089">"Tuhoe leader backs self rule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/APN_News_%26_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="APN News & Media">APN</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2008</span>. <q>Calls from Maori activist Tame Iti for self-government arrangements for the Tuhoe tribe similar to those Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have in the UK have been backed by a leader likely to negotiate the tribe's Treaty settlement. ... While other iwi have focused on economic transfer of assets as a way of achieving tino rangatiratanga or self-determination, Tuhoe have spelled out their intention to negotiate constitutional issues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Tuhoe+leader+backs+self+rule&rft.date=2008-08-09&rft.aulast=Tahana&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsection%2F1%2Fstory.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10526089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225235130/http://www.ipsofactoj.com/international/2005/Part09/int2005(09)-008.htm">"Thompson – vs – Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commission"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsofactoj.com/international/2005/Part09/int2005(09)-008.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thompson+%E2%80%93+vs+%E2%80%93+Treaty+of+Waitangi+Fisheries+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsofactoj.com%2Finternational%2F2005%2FPart09%2Fint2005%2809%29-008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwi_Census-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iwi_Census_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iwi_Census_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Table 30, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006censushomepage/quickstats/quickstats-about-a-subject/maori.aspx">QuickStats About Māori</a>, 2006 Census. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwihelpline-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iwihelpline_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003063928/http://teohu.maori.nz/archive/miscellaneous/tangaroa/Tangaroa%2067.pdf">"Iwi Helpline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>teohu.maori.nz</i>. Te Ohu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teohu.maori.nz/archive/miscellaneous/tangaroa/Tangaroa%2067.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teohu.maori.nz&rft.atitle=Iwi+Helpline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteohu.maori.nz%2Farchive%2Fmiscellaneous%2Ftangaroa%2FTangaroa%252067.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demographics-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Demographics_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demographics_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demographics_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201110644/https://tewhata.io/social/people/demographics/">"Demographics"</a>. <i>Te Whata</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tewhata.io/social/people/demographics/">the original</a> on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Whata&rft.atitle=Demographics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftewhata.io%2Fsocial%2Fpeople%2Fdemographics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maorimedia-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maorimedia_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maorimedia.co.nz/Iwi_Radio_Coverage.pdf">"Iwi Radio Coverage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>maorimedia.co.nz</i>. Māori Media Network. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maorimedia.co.nz&rft.atitle=Iwi+Radio+Coverage&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maorimedia.co.nz%2FIwi_Radio_Coverage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hiddensuccess-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hiddensuccess_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822233042/http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwpubafs/2003/press_releases/01_08_03a.html">"The hidden success of Māori radio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Massey_University" title="Massey University">Massey University</a>. 1 August 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwpubafs/2003/press_releases/01_08_03a.html">the original</a> on 22 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+hidden+success+of+M%C4%81ori+radio&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massey.ac.nz%2F~wwpubafs%2F2003%2Fpress_releases%2F01_08_03a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diversityreportage-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diversityreportage_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobie2009" class="citation journal cs1">Robie, David (1 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925120418/http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/2313/pjr_15%281%29_6_diversityreportage_pp67-911.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Diversity reportage in Aotearoa: demographics and the rise of the ethnic media"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pacific Journalism Review</i>. <b>15</b> (1). Auckland: <span class="nowrap">67–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24135%2Fpjr.v15i1.965">10.24135/pjr.v15i1.965</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10292%2F2313">10292/2313</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/2313/pjr_15%281%29_6_diversityreportage_pp67-911.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=Diversity+reportage+in+Aotearoa%3A+demographics+and+the+rise+of+the+ethnic+media&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10292%2F2313&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24135%2Fpjr.v15i1.965&rft.aulast=Robie&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faut.researchgateway.ac.nz%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10292%2F2313%2Fpjr_15%25281%2529_6_diversityreportage_pp67-911.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walkerfirstiwi-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walkerfirstiwi_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2014" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Piripi (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori-radio-reo-irirangi/page-3">"First iwi radio station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=First+iwi+radio+station&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Piripi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmaori-radio-reo-irirangi%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cherrylsmith-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cherrylsmith_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Cherryl Waerea-I-Te Rangi Smith (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222082856/http://www.kaupapamaori.com/assets/SmithC/kimihia_te_maramatanga_chpt6.pdf"><i>Kimihia Te Maramatanga: Colonisation and Iwi Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">119–</span>141. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaupapamaori.com/assets/SmithC/kimihia_te_maramatanga_chpt6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kimihia+Te+Maramatanga%3A+Colonisation+and+Iwi+Development&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.pub=University+of+Auckland&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Cherryl+Waerea-I-Te+Rangi+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaupapamaori.com%2Fassets%2FSmithC%2Fkimihia_te_maramatanga_chpt6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avcgroupeu-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-avcgroupeu_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avc-group.eu/references/broadcast_production_and_telecommunications/ref/maori_radio_upgrade_project">"Maori Radio Upgrade Project"</a>. <i>avc-group.eu</i>. AVC Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avc-group.eu&rft.atitle=Maori+Radio+Upgrade+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avc-group.eu%2Freferences%2Fbroadcast_production_and_telecommunications%2Fref%2Fmaori_radio_upgrade_project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBallara1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ballara" title="Angela Ballara">Ballara, Angela</a> (1998). <i>Iwi: The dynamics of Māori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945</i>. Wellington: Victoria University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iwi%3A+The+dynamics+of+M%C4%81ori+tribal+organisation+from+c.1769+to+c.1945&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Ballara&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIwi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tkm.govt.nz/">Te Kāhui Māngai</a> – Directory of Iwi and Māori Organisations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/storydisplay.cfm?storyID=3452740&thesection=news&thesubsection=general">Urban Māori article</a> in <i>The New Zealand Herald</i> (details on the creation and rationale for the National Urban Māori Authority)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/tribal-organisation">Tribal organisation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara_%E2%80%93_the_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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(canoe)">waka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Tribes_of_New_Zealand" title="United Tribes of New Zealand">United Tribes of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABpapa" title="Kūpapa">Kūpapa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_land_confiscations" title="New Zealand land confiscations">Land confiscations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_society" title="Category:Māori society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_and_conservation" title="Māori and conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li>Diaspora <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians" title="Māori Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders_in_the_United_Kingdom#Māori" title="New Zealanders in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Americans" title="Māori Americans">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauora" title="Hauora">Hauora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">Hapū</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">Marae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangata_whenua" title="Tangata whenua">Tangata whenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wh%C4%81nau" title="Whānau">Whānau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Movement" title="Mana Movement">Mana Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_M%C4%81ori_Development" title="Minister for Māori Development">Minister for Māori Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Motuhake" title="Mana Motuhake">Mana Motuhake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_movement" title="Māori King movement">Māori King movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_rangatiratanga" title="Tino rangatiratanga">Tino rangatiratanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangihanga" title="Tangihanga">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_cultures)" title="Mana (Oceanian cultures)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_deities" title="List of Māori deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_and_spirits_in_M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Ghosts and spirits in Māori culture">Ghosts and spirits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Naming customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongomaraeroa" title="Rongomaraeroa">Rongomaraeroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">Tapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_M%C4%81ori" title="Taha Māori">Taha Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikanga_M%C4%81ori" title="Tikanga Māori">Tikanga Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taua" title="Taua">Taua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakapapa" title="Whakapapa">Whakapapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">Kapa haka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">Haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">Poi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro" title="Taonga pūoro">Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_poetry" title="Māori poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounamu" title="Pounamu">Pounamu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hei-tiki" title="Hei-tiki">Hei-tiki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">Tattooing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakairo" title="Whakairo">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_science" title="Category:Māori science">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_and_conservation" title="Māori and conservation">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaitiaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaitiaki">Kaitiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hui" title="Rāhui">Rāhui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Navigation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_sport" title="Category:Māori sport">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haka_in_sports" title="Haka in sports">Haka in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapu_ae" title="Tapu ae">Tapu ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_r%C4%81kau" title="Mau rākau">Mau rākau</a></li> <li>Representative teams <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_cricket_team" title="New Zealand Māori cricket team">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_rugby_league_team" title="New Zealand Māori rugby league team">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_All_Blacks" title="Māori All Blacks">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%9389_New_Zealand_Native_football_team" title="1888–89 New Zealand Native football team">1888–89 Natives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_sportspeople" title="List of New Zealand Māori sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Waka ama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_influence_on_New_Zealand_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori influence on New Zealand English">Influence on New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura_Kaupapa_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura Kaupapa Māori">Language immersion schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language_revival" title="Māori language revival">Māori language revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wiki_o_te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Wiki o te Reo Māori">Te Wiki o te Reo Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Television">Māori Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetary_features_with_M%C4%81ori_names" title="List of planetary features with Māori names">Planetary names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_iwi_and_hapū409" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iwi_and_hap%C5%AB" title="Template:Iwi and hapū"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahu" title="Ngāti Kahu">Ngāti Kahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahu_ki_Whangaroa" title="Ngāti Kahu ki Whangaroa">Ngāti Kahu ki Whangaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kur%C4%AB" title="Ngāti Kurī">Ngāti Kurī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81t%C5%AB" title="Te Pātū">Te Pātū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Rarawa" title="Te Rarawa">Te Rarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Takoto" title="Ngāi Takoto">Ngāi Takoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hine" title="Ngāti Hine">Ngāti Hine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi_/_Ng%C4%81ti_Kahu_ki_Whaingaroa" title="Ngāpuhi / Ngāti Kahu ki Whaingaroa">Ngāpuhi / Ngāti Kahu ki Whaingaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81tiwai" title="Ngātiwai">Ngātiwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_M%C4%81ori" title="Tāmaki Māori">Tāmaki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marut%C5%AB%C4%81hu" title="Marutūāhu">Marutūāhu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maru_(Hauraki)" title="Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)">Ngāti Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C4%81oa" title="Ngāti Pāoa">Ngāti Pāoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tamater%C4%81" title="Ngāti Tamaterā">Ngāti Tamaterā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Whanaunga" title="Ngāti Whanaunga">Ngāti Whanaunga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua_o_Kaipara" title="Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara">Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Uri-o-Hau" title="Te Uri-o-Hau">Te Uri-o-Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Roroa" title="Te Roroa">Te Roroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua_%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Tao%C5%AB" title="Te Taoū">Te Taoū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Waiohua" title="Te Waiohua">Te Waiohua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80kitai_Waiohua" title="Te Ākitai Waiohua">Te Ākitai Waiohua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tamaoho" title="Ngāti Tamaoho">Ngāti Tamaoho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Te_Ata_Waiohua" title="Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua">Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Oho" title="Ngā Oho">Ngā Oho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Manuhiri" title="Ngāti Manuhiri">Ngāti Manuhiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Kawerau_%C4%81_Maki" title="Te Kawerau ā Maki">Te Kawerau ā Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Patukirikiri" title="Te Patukirikiri">Te Patukirikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tai_ki_T%C4%81maki" title="Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki">Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Tainui" title="Waikato Tainui">Waikato Tainui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_M%C4%81ori" title="Hauraki Māori">Hauraki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marut%C5%AB%C4%81hu" title="Marutūāhu">Marutūāhu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maru_(Hauraki)" title="Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)">Ngāti Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C4%81oa" title="Ngāti Pāoa">Ngāti Pāoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rongo%C5%AB" title="Ngāti Rongoū">Ngāti Rongoū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tamater%C4%81" title="Ngāti Tamaterā">Ngāti Tamaterā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Whanaunga" title="Ngāti Whanaunga">Ngāti Whanaunga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hako" title="Ngāti Hako">Ngāti Hako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hei" title="Ngāti Hei">Ngāti Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Patukirikiri" title="Te Patukirikiri">Te Patukirikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou_ki_Harataunga_ki_Mataora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Porou ki Harataunga ki Mataora">Ngāti Porou ki Harataunga ki Mataora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%ABkenga_ki_Waiau" title="Ngāti Pūkenga ki Waiau">Ngāti Pūkenga ki Waiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tai_ki_T%C4%81maki" title="Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki">Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_R%C4%81hiri_Tumutumu" title="Ngāti Rāhiri Tumutumu">Ngāti Rāhiri Tumutumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tara_Tokanui" title="Ngāti Tara Tokanui">Ngāti Tara Tokanui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Tainui" title="Waikato Tainui">Waikato Tainui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Mahuta" title="Ngāti Mahuta">Ngāti Mahuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Te_Wehi" title="Ngāti Te Wehi">Ngāti Te Wehi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maniapoto" title="Ngāti Maniapoto">Ngāti Maniapoto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Paretekawa" title="Ngāti Paretekawa">Ngāti Paretekawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Raukawa" title="Ngāti Raukawa">Ngāti Raukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Korok%C4%AB_Kahukura" title="Ngāti Korokī Kahukura">Ngāti Korokī Kahukura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hau%C4%81" title="Ngāti Hauā">Ngāti Hauā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hinerangi" title="Ngāti Hinerangi">Ngāti Hinerangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pou%C4%81kani" title="Pouākani">Pouākani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rereahu" title="Rereahu">Rereahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tauranga_Moana" title="Tauranga Moana">Tauranga Moana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(Bay_of_Plenty_iwi)" title="Waitaha (Bay of Plenty iwi)">Waitaha-a-Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%ABkenga" title="Ngāti Pūkenga">Ngāti Pūkenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Ranginui" title="Ngāti Ranginui">Ngāti Ranginui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Te_Rangi" title="Ngāi Te Rangi">Ngāi Te Rangi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arawa_(canoe)" title="Arawa (canoe)">Arawa Waka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(Bay_of_Plenty_iwi)" title="Waitaha (Bay of Plenty iwi)">Waitaha-a-Hei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%ABkenga" title="Ngāti Pūkenga">Ngāti Pūkenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_M%C4%81kino" title="Ngāti Mākino">Ngāti Mākino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Huarere" title="Ngāti Huarere">Ngāti Huarere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuika" title="Tapuika">Tapuika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Arawa" title="Te Arawa">Te Arawa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Pikiao" title="Ngāti Pikiao">Ngāti Pikiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rangiteaorere" title="Ngāti Rangiteaorere">Ngāti Rangiteaorere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tar%C4%81whai" title="Ngāti Tarāwhai">Ngāti Tarāwhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABhourangi" title="Tūhourangi">Tūhourangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uenuku-K%C5%8Dpako" class="mw-redirect" title="Uenuku-Kōpako">Uenuku-Kōpako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Whakaue" title="Ngāti Whakaue">Ngāti Whakaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Tahu">Ngāti Tahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kea_Ng%C4%81ti_Tuar%C4%81" title="Ngāti Kea Ngāti Tuarā">Ngāti Kea Ngāti Tuarā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rongomai" title="Ngāti Rongomai">Ngāti Rongomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rangiwewehi" title="Ngāti Rangiwewehi">Ngāti Rangiwewehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rangitihi" title="Ngāti Rangitihi">Ngāti Rangitihi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_T%C5%ABwharetoa" title="Ngāti Tūwharetoa">Ngāti Tūwharetoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_T%C5%ABrangitukua" title="Ngāti Tūrangitukua">Ngāti Tūrangitukua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hotu" title="Ngāti Hotu">Ngāti Hotu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Whakahemo" title="Ngāti Whakahemo">Ngāti Whakahemo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81taatua" title="Mātaatua">Mātaatua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Awa" title="Ngāti Awa">Ngāti Awa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Manawa" title="Ngāti Manawa">Ngāti Manawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Whare" title="Ngāti Whare">Ngāti Whare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C5%8Dhea" title="Whakatōhea">Whakatōhea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C5%AApokorehe" title="Te Ūpokorehe">Te Ūpokorehe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81itai" title="Ngāitai">Ngāitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wh%C4%81nau-%C4%81-Apanui" title="Te Whānau-ā-Apanui">Te Whānau-ā-Apanui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_T%C5%ABhoe" title="Ngāi Tūhoe">Ngāi Tūhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Ruapani" title="Ngāti Ruapani">Ngāti Ruapani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%ABkenga" title="Ngāti Pūkenga">Ngāti Pūkenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Te_Rangi" title="Ngāi Te Rangi">Ngāi Te Rangi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_R%C4%81whiti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Tai Rāwhiti Māori">Te Tai Rāwhiti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81riki_Kaiputahi" title="Ngāriki Kaiputahi">Ngāriki Kaiputahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Porou" title="Ngāti Porou">Ngāti Porou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Aitanga-a-Hauiti" title="Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti">Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Aitanga-a-M%C4%81haki" title="Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki">Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongowhakaata" title="Rongowhakaata">Rongowhakaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_T%C4%81manuhiri" title="Ngāi Tāmanuhiri">Ngāi Tāmanuhiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu">Ngāti Kahungunu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Te_Wairoa" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Te_Whanganui-a-Orotu" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Whanganui-a-Orotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Heretaunga" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Tamatea" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamatea">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Tamakinui_a_Rua" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamakinui a Rua">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Tamakinui a Rua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu_ki_Wairarapa" title="Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa">Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rongomaiwahine" title="Ngāti Rongomaiwahine">Ngāti Rongomaiwahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rakaipaaka" title="Ngāti Rakaipaaka">Ngāti Rakaipaaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungaharuru_Tangit%C5%AB" title="Maungaharuru Tangitū">Maungaharuru Tangitū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Te_Whatui%C4%81piti" title="Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti">Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wairoa_(iwi)" title="Te Wairoa (iwi)">Te Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C4%81hauwera" title="Ngāti Pāhauwera">Ngāti Pāhauwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hineuru" title="Ngāti Hineuru">Ngāti Hineuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heretaunga_Tamatea" title="Heretaunga Tamatea">Heretaunga Tamatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Ranginui" title="Ngāti Ranginui">Ngāti Ranginui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Te_Ohuake" title="Ngāi Te Ohuake">Ngāi Te Ohuake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hau%C4%81uru_M%C4%81ori" title="Hauāuru Māori">Hauāuru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tama" title="Ngāti Tama">Ngāti Tama</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Mutunga" title="Ngāti Mutunga">Ngāti Mutunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80ti_Awa" title="Te Āti Awa">Te Āti Awa</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_(iwi)" title="Taranaki (iwi)">Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maru_(Taranaki)" title="Ngāti Maru (Taranaki)">Ngāti Maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ruahine" title="Ngāruahine">Ngāruahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Ruanui" title="Ngāti Ruanui">Ngāti Ruanui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Rauru" title="Ngā Rauru">Ngā Rauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80ti_Haunui-a-P%C4%81p%C4%81rangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi">Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hau" title="Ngāti Hau">Ngāti Hau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Korowai_o_Wainui%C4%81rua" title="Te Korowai o Wainuiārua">Te Korowai o Wainuiārua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Rangi" title="Ngāti Rangi">Ngāti Rangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Apa" title="Ngāti Apa">Ngāti Apa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hauiti" title="Ngāti Hauiti">Ngāti Hauiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Te_Moana_O_Raukawa_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Moana O Raukawa Māori">Te Moana o Raukawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mua%C5%ABpoko" title="Muaūpoko">Muaūpoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Raukawa" title="Ngāti Raukawa">Ngāti Raukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kauwhata" title="Ngāti Kauwhata">Ngāti Kauwhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atiawa_ki_Whakarongotai" title="Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai">Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_%C4%80ti_Awa" title="Te Āti Awa">Te Āti Awa</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Wh%C4%81nui_ki_te_Upoko_o_te_Ika" title="Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika">Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Te_Tau_Ihu_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Tau Ihu Māori">Te Tau Ihu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atiawa_o_Te_Waka-a-M%C4%81ui" title="Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui">Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Apa_ki_te_R%C4%81_T%C5%8D" title="Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō">Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Kuia" title="Ngāti Kuia">Ngāti Kuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_R%C4%81rua" title="Ngāti Rārua">Ngāti Rārua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_K%C5%8Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Kōata">Ngāti Kōata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tama" title="Ngāti Tama">Ngāti Tama</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_T%C5%ABmatak%C5%8Dkiri" title="Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri">Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Waipounamu_M%C4%81ori" title="Waipounamu Māori">Waipounamu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%93kohu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rēkohu">Rēkohu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Mutunga" title="Ngāti Mutunga">Ngāti Mutunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_M%C4%81ori" title="Urban Māori">Urban Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_%C4%80karana" title="Ngāti Ākarana">Ngāti Ākarana</a> (Auckland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_P%C5%8Dneke" title="Ngāti Pōneke">Ngāti Pōneke</a> (Wellington)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_R%C4%81nana" title="Ngāti Rānana">Ngāti Rānana</a> (London)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"‡" indicates iwi that are located in both the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Islands</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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