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class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Txec" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Txec" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" 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registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Característiques_principals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Característiques_principals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Característiques principals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Característiques_principals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Característiques principals</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Característiques_principals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Posició_dins_el_grup_eslau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posició_dins_el_grup_eslau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Posició dins el grup eslau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posició_dins_el_grup_eslau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breu_presentació_de_la_morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breu_presentació_de_la_morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Breu presentació de la morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breu_presentació_de_la_morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declinacions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declinacions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Declinacions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Declinacions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Declinacions</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Declinacions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classificació_dels_casos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació_dels_casos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Classificació dels casos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificació_dels_casos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alguns_exemples_de_vocabulari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alguns_exemples_de_vocabulari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alguns exemples de vocabulari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alguns_exemples_de_vocabulari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialectes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialectes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Txec</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 171 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ачех бызшәа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ачех бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggies" title="Tsjeggies - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BC%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ቼክኛ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቼክኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checo" title="Idioma checo - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma checo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6misc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Bæmisc sprǣc - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bæmisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التشيكية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التشيكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="تشيكى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checu" title="Idioma checu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma checu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceskava" title="Ceskava - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceskava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ex_dili" title="Çex dili - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çex dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چک دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чех теле - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чех теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sproch" title="Tschechische Sproch - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceku_kalba" title="Čeku kalba - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čeku kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чэшская мова - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэшская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чэская мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки език - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чешки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="চেক ভাষা - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeg" title="Tchekeg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C4%95k-k%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ciĕk-káik-ngṳ̄ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Чехийн мотт - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Tsekyo" title="Pinulongang Tsekyo - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Tsekyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زمانی چیکی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی چیکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ceca" title="Lingua ceca - cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua ceca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eh_tili" title="Çeh tili - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çeh tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1tina" title="Čeština - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čeština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Czesczi jãzëk - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czesczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Чєшьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ - eslau eclesiàstic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslau eclesiàstic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чех чĕлхи - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieceg" title="Tsieceg - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieceg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkisk_(sprog)" title="Tjekkisk (sprog) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eki" title="Çeki - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çeki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Česka rěc - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τσεχική γλώσσα - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5a_lingvo" title="Ĉeĥa lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_checo" title="Idioma checo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma checo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi_keel" title="Tšehhi keel - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زبان چکی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekin_kieli" title="Tšekin kieli - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_kiil" title="Tsehhi kiil - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Kekkiskt mál - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8que" title="Tchèque - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchèque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C2%B7%C3%A8co" title="Tch·èco - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tch·èco" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechisk_spriak" title="Tschechisk spriak - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_ceche" title="Lenghe ceche - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe ceche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechysk" title="Tsjechysk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeicis" title="An tSeicis - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeicis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eh_dili" title="Çeh dili - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çeh dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seacais" title="Seacais - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seacais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_checa" title="Lingua checa - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="چکي زوؤن - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چکي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheckish" title="Sheckish - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sheckish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Czech" title="Yaren Czech - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Czech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%CC%8Dp-khiet-ng%C3%AE" title="Chhia̍p-khiet-ngî - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kiekia" title="ʻŌlelo Kiekia - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צ'כית - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चॅक भाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चॅक भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_bhasa" title="Czech bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czech bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9B%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Čěšćina - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cseh_nyelv" title="Cseh nyelv - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cseh nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Չեխերեն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chec" title="Lingua chec - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ceko" title="Bahasa Ceko - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Tseko" title="Pagsasao a Tseko - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Tseko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheka_linguo" title="Cheka linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cheka linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kkneska" title="Tékkneska - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ceca" title="Lingua ceca - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="チェコ語 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_C%C3%A9ko" title="Basa Céko - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხური ენა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C4%8Dikiyt" title="Tutlayt tačikiyt - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tačikiyt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ceko" title="Basa Ceko - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Ceko" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Чех тілі - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чех тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಚೆಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೆಕ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%96%B4" title="체코어 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%A7ek%C3%AE" title="Zimanê çekî - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê çekî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Чех кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чех кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekek" title="Chekek - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chekek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чех тили - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чех тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Bohemica" title="Lingua Bohemica - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Bohemica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch" title="Tschechesch - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чех чӀал - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чех чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesce_(lingua)" title="Txesce (lingua) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechisch" title="Tsjechisch - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ceca" title="Lengua ceca - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_cech" title="Lingaz cech - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz cech" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ceca" title="Lengua ceca - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua ceca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čekų kalba - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehu_valoda" title="Čehu valoda - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Чехонь кяль - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tseky" title="Fiteny tseky - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tseky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Чех йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чех йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки јазик - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ചെക്ക് ഭാഷ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Чех хэл - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯆꯦꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯦꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Czech" title="Bahasa Czech - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Чехень кель - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چکی - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechies" title="Tsjechies - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेक भाषा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechisch" title="Tsjechisch - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkisk" title="Tsjekkisk - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkisk" title="Tsjekkisk - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga) - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chèc (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Чехаг æвзаг - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_tch%C3%A8que" title="Langue tchèque - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Langue tchèque" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_czeski" title="Język czeski - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język czeski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ceca" title="Lenga ceca - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="چیک بولی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="چېکي ژبه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېکي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tcheca" title="Língua tcheca - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tcheca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiku_simi" title="Chiku simi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiku simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tscheca" title="Lingua tscheca - retoromànic" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tscheca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromànic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ceh%C4%83" title="Limba cehă - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba cehă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Чешский язык - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чешский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Чеськый язык - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чеськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igiceke" title="Igiceke - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igiceke" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ceca" title="Limba ceca - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_leid" title="Czech leid - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceahkagiella" title="Čeahkagiella - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čeahkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Češki jezik - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češki jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1tina" title="Čeština - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Češčina - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Sieki" title="Faʻa Sieki - samoà" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1eekikiel%C3%A2" title="Tšeekikielâ - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšeekikielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_%C3%A7eke" title="Gjuha çeke - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_C%C3%A9ko" title="Basa Céko - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckiska" title="Tjeckiska - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kicheki" title="Kicheki - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kicheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_godka" title="Czesko godka - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="செக் மொழி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D3%A3" title="Забони чехӣ - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони чехӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาเช็ก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเช็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tseko" title="Wikang Tseko - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexi_zyvon" title="Cexi zyvon - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ek%C3%A7e" title="Çekçe - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чех теле - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чех теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Чех кыл - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чех кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D8%AE_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="چېخ تىلى - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Чеська мова - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чеська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیک زبان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chex_tili" title="Chex tili - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chex tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ceca" title="Łéngua ceca - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehan_kel%27" title="Čehan kel' - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_S%C3%A9c" title="Tiếng Séc - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg" title="Tsyeg - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyeg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcheke" title="Tcheke - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tcheke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tseko" title="Tseko - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tseko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="捷克語 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克語" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხური ნინა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A9" title="טשעכיש - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Ts%E1%BA%B9%CC%81k%C3%AC" title="Èdè Tsẹ́kì - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Tsẹ́kì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhisch" title="Tsjehhisch - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhisch" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="捷克语 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="捷克語 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko-g%C3%AD" title="Chesko-gí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="捷克文 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiTsheki" title="IsiTsheki - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiTsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9056#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txec" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Txec&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txec"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txec"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Txec" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Txec" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&oldid=34257920" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Txec&id=34257920&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTxec"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTxec"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Txec"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Txec&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Txec" hreflang="ca"><span>Viquillibres</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1062" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9056" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Txec</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;"><i>čeština</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_natural" title="Llengua natural">llengua natural</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">llengua viva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Ús</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants</th><td class="infobox-data">12 milions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">10.700.000 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2019 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27idiomes_per_nombre_de_parlants_natius" title="Llista d'idiomes per nombre de parlants natius">Rànquing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">73</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">Oficial</a> a</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" class="mw-redirect" title="República Txeca">República Txeca</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Autòcton de</th><td class="infobox-data">Europa Central</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" class="mw-redirect" title="República Txeca">República Txeca</a> i com a llengua minoritària als voltants (<a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_del_Nord" title="Amèrica del Nord">Amèrica del Nord</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:Map_of_Czech_language.svg&lang=ca" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Czech_language.svg/langca-330px-Map_of_Czech_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="286" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Czech_language.svg/langca-500px-Map_of_Czech_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Czech_language.svg/langca-960px-Map_of_Czech_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="3094" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_balto-eslaves" title="Llengües balto-eslaves">llengües balto-eslaves</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Llengües eslaves">llengües eslaves</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves_occidentals" title="Llengües eslaves occidentals">llengües eslaves occidentals</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2334789" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2334789">llengües txecoslovaques</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura">Sistema d'escriptura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76228" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q76228">alfabet txec</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P282" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Institució de normalització</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_de_la_Llengua_Txeca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut de la Llengua Txeca (encara no existeix)">Institut de la Llengua Txeca</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estudiat per</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59068" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q59068">Czech studies</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59068?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P2579" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data">cs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data">cze/ces</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ces">ces</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">SIL</th><td class="infobox-data">ces</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/czec1258">czec1258</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ces">ces</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P1627" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">3601 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P1251" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">cs <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>txec</b> (<i>čeština</i> <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional">IPA</a>: <span title="Pronunciació amb l'IPA" class="IPA">[ˈʧɛʃcɪna]</span> en txec), també conegut com a <b>bohemi</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> és una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_eslava" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua eslava">llengua eslava</a> occidental<sup id="cite_ref-gec_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amb uns dotze milions de parlants nadius. És la llengua oficial de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" class="mw-redirect" title="República Txeca">República Txeca</a>, és a dir, de les regions de <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%A8mia" title="Bohèmia">Bohèmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia">Moràvia</a> i d'una part de <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A8sia" title="Silèsia">Silèsia</a>; també ho és de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a> d'ençà la incorporació de la República Txeca a aquesta institució l'any <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> És parlat també per minories als països del voltant i per immigrants arreu del món. La llengua txeca, és reconeguda com a <a href="/wiki/Llengua_minorit%C3%A0ria" title="Llengua minoritària">llengua minoritària</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Carta_europea_de_les_lleng%C3%BCes_regionals_o_minorit%C3%A0ries" title="Carta europea de les llengües regionals o minoritàries">Carta europea de les llengües regionals o minoritàries</a> per <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_i_Hercegovina" title="Bòsnia i Hercegovina">Bòsnia i Hercegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els seus primers rastres escrits apareixen a l'entorn del <a href="/wiki/Segle_IX" title="Segle IX">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ix</span></a>. Va ser el reformador <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>, cremat com a <a href="/wiki/Heretgia" title="Heretgia">heretge</a> el <a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>, qui en va crear l'ortografia moderna, basada en una versió de l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> a la qual va afegir d'altres lletres. A partir de la <a href="/wiki/Batalla_de_la_Muntanya_Blanca" title="Batalla de la Muntanya Blanca">batalla de la Muntanya Blanca</a> (Bílá Hora) el <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a> i de la victòria dels <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" title="Catolicisme">catòlics</a> sobre els <a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">hussites</a>, la llengua txeca coneix una mena d'era de foscor: l'<a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">alemany</a> esdevé cooficial, i progressivament acaba dominant sobre el txec. Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, però, comença la <a href="/wiki/Renaixement_nacional_txec" title="Renaixement nacional txec">Renaixença txeca</a>, i com en el cas de <a href="/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya">Catalunya</a>, la llengua torna a trobar un cert prestigi, gràcies a personalitats com <a href="/wiki/Josef_Dobrovsk%C3%BD" title="Josef Dobrovský">Josef Dobrovský</a> i <a href="/wiki/Josef_Jungmann" title="Josef Jungmann">Josef Jungmann</a>. El <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, amb el desmembrament de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Austrohongar%C3%A8s" title="Imperi Austrohongarès">Imperi Austrohongarès</a> el txec esdevé una de les dues llengües oficials de la <a href="/wiki/Txecoslov%C3%A0quia" title="Txecoslovàquia">República Txecoslovaca</a>. Tanmateix, quan el règim <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">nazi</a> crea el <a href="/wiki/Protectorat_de_Boh%C3%A8mia_i_Mor%C3%A0via" title="Protectorat de Bohèmia i Moràvia">Protectorat de Bohèmia i Moràvia</a> (1939), la llengua torna a experimentar un gran retrocés. En finalitzar la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">Segona Guerra Mundial</a> (1945) la població d'origen alemany és foragitada del país i el txec esdevé novament l'única llengua oficial. Enderrocat el <a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%B3_d%27acer" title="Teló d'acer">Teló d'acer</a>, Txecoslovàquia se separa en els estats de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" class="mw-redirect" title="República Txeca">República Txeca</a> i d'<a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a> el <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>, i el txec roman com a llengua oficial del primer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Característiques_principals"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques_principals"></span>Característiques principals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques principals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posició_dins_el_grup_eslau"><span id="Posici.C3.B3_dins_el_grup_eslau"></span>Posició dins el grup eslau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Posició dins el grup eslau"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El txec pertany al grup de les llengües eslaves occidentals, com el <a href="/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès">polonès</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Eslovac" title="Eslovac">eslovac</a> i el <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2rab" title="Sòrab">sòrab</a> (encara parlat per 50.000 persones a Alemanya oriental). </p><p>La seva llengua més propera és l'<a href="/wiki/Eslovac" title="Eslovac">eslovac</a>: la intercomprensió és gairebé perfecta entre les dues llengües, a causa de la seva proximitat i al temps de convivència d'ambdues llengües en un <a href="/wiki/Txecoslov%C3%A0quia" title="Txecoslovàquia">context històric recent</a> en el qual ambdues llengües eren oficials, fins a tal punt que la llei txeca preveu que no es facin traduccions de textos eslovacs, fins i tot davant de les administracions. A la ràdio, passen regularment cançons eslovaques, signe que el lligam cultural no s'ha trencat entre ambdós països. És una situació comparable a la relació entre el català i l'<a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0" title="Occità">occità</a>, encara que no es tracti veritablement de llengües bessones, i que la diferència entre aquestes sigui una mica més gran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breu_presentació_de_la_morfologia"><span id="Breu_presentaci.C3.B3_de_la_morfologia"></span>Breu presentació de la morfologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Breu presentació de la morfologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hi ha tres gèneres: masculí, femení i neutre, o fins i tot quatre, si es té en compte la distinció que es fa entre els mots masculins animats i inanimats. </p><p>Contràriament a les llengües llatines (excepte el <a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A8s" title="Romanès">romanès</a>, que conserva dos casos), i com la majoria de les llengües eslaves, el txec <a href="/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3_gramatical" title="Declinació gramatical">declina</a> i ha conservat molts casos de l'indoeuropeu: el <a href="/wiki/Nominatiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominatiu">nominatiu</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Genitiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitiu">genitiu</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Datiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiu">datiu</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Acusatiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Acusatiu">acusatiu</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Locatiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Locatiu">locatiu</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Cas_instrumental" title="Cas instrumental">instrumental</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Vocatiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocatiu">vocatiu</a>. Això fa que en txec hi hagi moltes possibilitats per col·locar els mots dins la frase, com en <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a>. </p><p>Pel que fa a les conjugacions verbals, s'ha de notar que en txec, com en totes les llengües eslaves, és capital la diferència entre formes perfectives i no perfectives. Els seus models de conjugació són variats, i les excepcions no hi són escasses, la qual cosa contribueix a la percepció general de l'alta dificultat d'aquesta llengua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Fonologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'accent tònic cau sempre sobre la primera síl·laba del mot, però en paraules llargues existeix també un accent secundari. </p><p>Hi ha deu sons vocàlics: a /a/, e /ɛ/, i-y /ɪ/, o /o/, u /u/, á /aː/, é /ɛː/, í-ý /iː/, ó /oː/, ú-ů /uː/. Hi ha cinc vocals breus i les seves variants llargues, però aquestes són considerades fonemes individuals. Hi ha hagut certa discussió sobre si realment són cinc o deu les vocals txeques. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Czech_vowel_chart.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gràfic IPA de les volcals dels txec"><img alt="Gràfic IPA de les volcals dels txec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Czech_vowel_chart.png" decoding="async" width="281" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </p><p>Cal remarcar que <b>ó</b> és poc freqüent, que <b>ú</b> només s'empra a principi de mot (en qualsevol altra posició apareix <b>ů</b>, excepte en paraules prefixades o prestades) i que <b>ě</b> (<i>e s hačkem</i>) és una variant de <b>e</b> conservada per motius històrics i no és considerada una vocal diferenciada. </p><p>Només existeixen tres <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftongs</a>, dels quals només un (<b>ou</b>) es troba en paraules d'origen txec: </p> <ul><li><b>ou</b> /oʊ̯/ : bouda, malou, náhodou, koupil</li> <li><b>au</b> /aʊ̯/ : auto, autobus, restaurace</li> <li><b>eu</b> /eʊ̯/: pneumatika, neutralita</li></ul> <p>Totes les altres combinacions de vocals es pronuncien com dos sons separats. </p><p>Generalment, i contràriament al <a href="/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès">polonès</a>, cada lletra correspon a un so, excepte el dígraf <b>ch</b> que es pronuncia com en <a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">alemany</a>, o com la <b>j</b> en <a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%A0" title="Castellà">castellà</a> ([x] en <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional">AFI</a>). Només hi ha una <b>l</b> (el qual no és el cas de les altres llengües eslaves, que distingeixen aquest so pel seu grau de palatalització), i les altres consonants no són gens difícils per a un catalanòfon, a l'excepció notable del <b>ř</b>, que es podria dir que combina els sons catalans <b>r</b> i <b>x</b> o algo que es pot llamar <i>ere asibilada</i> en castellà. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Consonants"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les consonants es diferencien en <i>suaus</i> o palatals, i en <i>dures</i> o no palatals.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les consonants suaus són les següents: </p> <ul><li>Cc /ts/</li> <li>Čč /tʃ/</li> <li>Ďď /ɟ/</li> <li>Jj /j/</li> <li>Ňň /ɲ/</li> <li>Řř /r̝/</li> <li>Šš /ʃ/</li> <li>Ťť /c/</li> <li>Žž /ʒ/</li></ul> <p>Seguits de les vocals <b>ě</b> i <b>i</b>/<b>í</b> (a diferència de <b>y</b>/<b>ý</b>), les consonants <i>n</i>, <i>t</i> i <i>d</i> es palatalitzen. </p><p>En un procés de canvi fonètic històric, la lletra <b>g</b>, present a les altres llengües eslaves, desapareix gairebé per complet, i és substituïda per <b>h</b>, que representa el so [ɦ] en <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional">AFI</a>, i que és una de les característiques fonètiques més conegudes d'aquesta llengua. </p><p>El quadre de sons consonàntics del txec queda així: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Punt_d%27articulaci%C3%B3" title="Punt d'articulació">Punt d'articulació</a> → </td> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Coronal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronal">Coronal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_(fon%C3%A8tica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorsal (fonètica) (encara no existeix)">Dorsal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Glotal">(cap)</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forma_d%27articulaci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forma d'articulació (encara no existeix)">Forma d'articulació</a> ↓ </td> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial">Bilabial</a> </th> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_labiodental" title="Consonant labiodental">Labio‐<br />dental</a> </th> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar">Alveolar</a> </th> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postalveolar">Post‐<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal">Palatal</a> </th> <th style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Velar" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar">Velar</a> </th> <th colspan="2" style="width:4em;"><a href="/wiki/Glotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Glotal">Glotal</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines">   <a href="/wiki/Nasal_bilabial_sonora" title="Nasal bilabial sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">m</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">   (<a href="/wiki/Nasal_labiodental_sonora" title="Nasal labiodental sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɱ</span></a>) </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Nasal_alveolar_sonora" title="Nasal alveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">n</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">   <a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_sonora" title="Nasal palatal sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɲ</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">   (<a href="/wiki/Nasal_velar_sonora" title="Nasal velar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ŋ</span></a>) </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc">  </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Oclusiva">Oclusiva</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sorda" title="Oclusiva bilabial sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">p</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_bilabial_sonora" title="Oclusiva bilabial sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">b</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">  </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sorda" title="Oclusiva alveolar sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">t</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_alveolar_sonora" title="Oclusiva alveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">d</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_palatal_sorda" title="Oclusiva palatal sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">c</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_palatal_sonora" title="Oclusiva palatal sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɟ</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sorda" title="Oclusiva velar sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">k</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_velar_sonora" title="Oclusiva velar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɡ</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines" style="width:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Oclusiva_glotal_sorda" title="Oclusiva glotal sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ʔ</span></a>) </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricativa">Fricativa</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines">  </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_labiodental_sorda" title="Fricativa labiodental sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">f</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_labiodental_sonora" title="Fricativa labiodental sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">v</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa alveolar sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">s</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">z</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_postalveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa postalveolar sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ʃ</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_postalveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa postalveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ʒ</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">  </td> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa_velar_sorda" title="Fricativa velar sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">x</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Fricativa_velar_sonora" title="Fricativa velar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɣ</span></a>) </td> <td class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" colspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Fricativa_glotal_sorda" title="Fricativa glotal sorda"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">h</span></a>) <a href="/wiki/Fricativa_glotal_sonora" title="Fricativa glotal sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɦ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Aproximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproximant">Aproximant</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines">   </td> <td class="nounderlines">   </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2">   </td> <td class="nounderlines">   <a href="/wiki/Aproximant_palatal_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproximant palatal sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">j</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">   </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vibrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrant">Vibrant</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines">   </td> <td> </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Vibrant_alveolar_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrant alveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">r</span> <span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">r̝</span></a><sup>*</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td class="nounderlines"> </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 120%;"> <th style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_aproximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral aproximant (encara no existeix)">lateral aproximant sonora</a> </th> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2">   <a href="/wiki/Lateral_aproximant_alveolar_sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral aproximant alveolar sonora"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">l</span></a> </td> <td class="nounderlines">   </td> <td class="nounderlines">   </td> <td class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declinacions">Declinacions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Declinacions"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classificació_dels_casos"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3_dels_casos"></span>Classificació dels casos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació dels casos"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hi ha set <a href="/wiki/Cas_gramatical" title="Cas gramatical">casos</a> en txec, que s'aprenen a les escoles d'aquesta manera: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Exemple de declinació dels pronoms interrogatius </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ordre</th> <th>Cas </th> <th>Pronom interrogatiu </th></tr> <tr> <th>1.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_nominatiu" title="Cas nominatiu">Nominatiu</a> </th> <td><i>kdo / co?</i> (qui / què?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_genitiu" title="Cas genitiu">Genitiu</a> </th> <td><i>bez koho / čeho?</i> (sense qui / què?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_datiu" title="Cas datiu">Datiu</a> </th> <td><i>komu / čemu?</i> (a qui / a què ?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_acusatiu" title="Cas acusatiu">Acusatiu</a> </th> <td><i>vidím koho / co?</i> (jo veig qui / què ?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_vocatiu" title="Cas vocatiu">Vocatiu</a> </th> <td><i>volám</i> (jo crido) </td></tr> <tr> <th>6.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_locatiu" title="Cas locatiu">Locatiu</a> </th> <td><i>o kom / čem?</i> (sobre qui / què?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>7.</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cas_instrumental" title="Cas instrumental">Instrumental</a> </th> <td><i>s kým / čím?</i> (amb qui / què ?) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tanmateix, l'eslavista francès Claude Kastler proposa una taula moderna de declinació al seu manual <i>La langue tchèque</i> (<i>La llengua txeca</i>). </p><p><br /> N'exclou el <a href="/wiki/Cas_vocatiu" title="Cas vocatiu">cas vocatiu</a> de les declinacions i considera el <a href="/wiki/Cas_locatiu" title="Cas locatiu">locatiu</a> com una forma particular del <a href="/wiki/Cas_datiu" title="Cas datiu">datiu</a>, adoptada per alguns mots després de les preposicions <i>na, v, při, o</i> i <i>po</i>. Per tal d'agilitzar la memorització, adopta la classificació següent: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cas_nominatiu" title="Cas nominatiu">Nominatiu</a> (inclòs el <a href="/wiki/Cas_vocatiu" title="Cas vocatiu">vocatiu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cas_acusatiu" title="Cas acusatiu">Acusatiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cas_genitiu" title="Cas genitiu">Genitiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cas_datiu" title="Cas datiu">Datiu</a> (inclòs el <a href="/wiki/Cas_locatiu" title="Cas locatiu">locatiu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cas_instrumental" title="Cas instrumental">Instrumental</a></li></ul> <p>Aquesta presentació, que reflecteix els fenòmens de sincretismes (coincidències formals) i reuneix algunes formes de nominatiu, d'acusatiu i de genitiu, no és sinó la que s'ha utilitzat d'ençà força temps entre els especialistes de gramàtica comparada eslava i la que va ser adaptada a la descripció francòfona de les llengües eslaves modernes per part dels russificants. És la que s'inclou en molts manuals de txec per a estrangers, o fins i tot a l'única gramàtica en txec per a estrangers, <i>Čeština jazyk cizí</i>, d'Ivan Poldauf i Karel Šprunk. </p><p>El vocatiu es fa servir a l'escrit i en situacions de comunicació oral quan algú s'adreça a algú altre: <i>ahoj Marku!</i> ("Hola, Marc!"), però tendeix a simplificar-se i es diu normalment <i>Vážený pane Novák</i> ("Estimat senyor Novák") en comptes de <i>Vážený pane Nováku</i>. </p><p>A més d'aquests casos, les declinacions distingeixen també en nombre (singular i plural) i en gènere (masculí, femení i neutre), o fins i tot quatre gèneres, atès que el masculí té dues formes: el masculí animat (homes o animals) i el masculí inanimat (objectes). La declinació difereix també en funció de la darrera consonant (dura o suau) de l'arrel del mot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alguns_exemples_de_vocabulari">Alguns exemples de vocabulari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Alguns exemples de vocabulari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abreviatures (<i>m</i>. masculí, <i>f</i>. femení, <i>n</i>. neutre, <i>adj</i>. adjectiu): </p> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <dl><dd>1. <b>Jeden</b> (masculí), <b>jedna</b> (femení), <b>jedno</b> (neutre)</dd> <dd>2. <b>Dva</b> (masculí), <b>dvě</b> (femení i neutre)</dd> <dd>3. <b>Tři</b></dd> <dd>4. <b>Čtyři</b></dd> <dd>5. <b>Pět</b></dd> <dd>6. <b>Šest</b></dd> <dd>7. <b>Sedm</b> /SEDUM/</dd> <dd>8. <b>Osm</b> /OSUM/</dd> <dd>9. <b>Devět</b></dd> <dd>10. <b>Deset</b></dd> <dd><b>Ahoj </b>: Hola</dd> <dd><b>Dobré ráno</b>: Bon dia / Bon dia (al matí)</dd> <dd><b>Dobrý den</b>: Bon dia, Hola (salutació formal)</dd> <dd><b>Dnes</b>: Avui</dd> <dd><b>Ano</b>: Sí</dd> <dd><b>Ne</b>: No</dd> <dd><b>Je to pravda?</b>: És veritat?</dd> <dd><b>Ja jsem...</b> /ja: sɛm/: Jo sóc..., Jo estic...</dd> <dd><b>Kdo jsi ty?</b>: Qui ets tu?</dd> <dd><b>Co je to?</b>: què és això?</dd> <dd><b>Otec</b> (m): Pare</dd> <dd><b>Matka</b> (f): Mare</dd> <dd><b>Syn</b> (m): Fill</dd> <dd><b>Dcéra</b> (f): Filla</dd> <dd><b>Sestra</b> (f): Germana</dd> <dd><b>Bratr</b> (m): Germà</dd> <dd><b>Škola</b> (f): Escola</dd> <dd><b>Káva</b> (f): Cafè</dd> <dd><b>Pivo</b> (n): Cervesa</dd> <dd><b>Chléb</b> / <b>Chleba</b> (m): Pa</dd> <dd><b>Muž</b> (m): Home</dd> <dd><b>Žena</b> (f): Dona</dd> <dd><b>Město</b> (n): Ciutat</dd> <dd><b>Ulice</b> (f): Carrer</dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialectes">Dialectes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Dialectes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En el marc de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" class="mw-redirect" title="República Txeca">República Txeca</a> es parlen tres interdialectes que més o menys es corresponen amb les seves corresponents àrees geogràfiques: <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%A8mia" title="Bohèmia">Bohèmia</a> (dialecte de <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia">Moràvia</a> (com a la seva ciutat més gran, <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A8sia" title="Silèsia">Silèsia</a> (sobretot a <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>). Són diferents de la forma estàndard escrita del txec, i entre elles existeix certa <a href="/wiki/Digl%C3%B2ssia" title="Diglòssia">diglòssia</a>. Per exemple, la primera d'aquestes varietats, la que té un nombre més gran de parlants, és la que se sol anomenar "txec comú", parlada a Bohèmia. Difereix de la llengua "oficial" en certs aspectes gramaticals, però sobretot en pronúncia. Entre aquestes trobem la desinència <i>-ý</i> que esdevé <i>-ej</i>, <i>-é</i> que esdevé <i>-ý</i> o <i>-ej</i>) i la inserció d'una <i>v-</i> inicial als mots que comencen en "o-". També hi ha canvis en la declinació dels substantius, sobretot en el cas <a href="/wiki/Cas_instrumental" title="Cas instrumental">instrumental</a>: en lloc d'haver-hi diverses formes en aquest cas, els bohemis fan servir una terminació única: <i>-(a)ma</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Czech-language">Czech language | West Slavic language</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 16 maig 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gec-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gec_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/txec-0">Txec</a>».  <a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>. [Consulta: 2 setembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/es/organisation-and-rules/multilingualism">Multilingüismo</a>» (en castellà).  Unió Europea. [Consulta: 16 maig 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list">Llista completa d'estats signants de la carta europea de llengües regionals o minoritàries</a>» (en anglès britànic). [Consulta: 16 maig 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDankovičová1999">Dankovičová 1999</a>, pàg. 70–72</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nom_txec" title="Nom txec">Nom txec</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDankovičová1999"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dankovičová</span>, Jana. «Czech». A: <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>. 9th.  International Phonetic Association/Cambridge University Press, 1999. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-63751-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-63751-0">ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Czech&rft.aulast=Dankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Jana&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=International+Phonetic+Association%2FCambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63751-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txec&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Czech language">Txec</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/txec" class="extiw" title="wikt:txec">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33663753" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Hi ha una <i><b><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cs:">edició en txec</a></b></i> de la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia" title="Viquipèdia">Viquipèdia</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33663753" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Portada" class="extiw" title="b:Portada">Viquillibres</a> hi ha llibres de contingut lliure i altres textos relatius a <i><b><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/ca:Txec" class="extiw" title="b:ca:Txec">Txec</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ces">Informació sobre <b>Txec</b> a la XV edició de l'<i>Ethnologue</i>, amb el codi “ces”</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dict.com/txec-catala">Diccionari txec-català i català-txec en línia</a>».</span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.czech-language.cz/">Introducció a la llengua txeca</a>».</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Llengües_eslaves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Plantilla:Llengües eslaves"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Llengües_eslaves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Llengües eslaves">Llengües eslaves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves_orientals" title="Llengües eslaves orientals">Eslaves orientals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antic_eslau_oriental" title="Antic eslau oriental">Antic eslau oriental</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belar%C3%BAs_(llengua)" title="Belarús (llengua)">Belarús</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">Rus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%A8" title="Rutè">Rutè</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFn%C3%A8s" title="Ucraïnès">Ucraïnès</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BArjik" title="Súrjik">Súrjik</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves_occidentals" title="Llengües eslaves occidentals">Eslaves occidentals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Caixubi" title="Caixubi">Caixubi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eslovac" title="Eslovac">Eslovac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Polabi" title="Polabi">Polabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Polon%C3%A8s" title="Polonès">Polonès</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silesi%C3%A0" title="Silesià">Silesià</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2rab" title="Sòrab">Sòrab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alt_s%C3%B2rab" title="Alt sòrab">Alt sòrab</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baix_s%C3%B2rab" title="Baix sòrab">Baix sòrab</a>) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Txec</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moravi%C3%A0" title="Moravià">Moravià</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eslaves_meridionals" title="Llengües eslaves meridionals">Eslaves meridionals</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar" title="Búlgar">Búlgar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8" title="Eslovè">Eslovè</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nic" title="Macedònic">Macedònic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serbocroat" title="Serbocroat">Serbocroat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%A0" title="Bosnià">Bosnià</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Croat_(llengua)" title="Croat (llengua)">Croat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Croat_molisi%C3%A0" title="Croat molisià">Croat molisià</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Montenegr%C3%AD" title="Montenegrí">Montenegrí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Serbi" title="Serbi">Serbi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antic_eslau" title="Antic eslau">Antic eslau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eslau_eclesi%C3%A0stic" title="Eslau eclesiàstic">Eslau eclesiàstic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intereslau" title="Intereslau">Intereslau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Protoeslau" title="Protoeslau">Protoeslau</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX534900">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119459309">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061084-6">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85035271">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573586">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135292&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEC" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC">GEC</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/txec-0">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Britannica</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Czech-language">1</a>)</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=tsjekkisk">SNL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txec&oldid=34257920">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txec&oldid=34257920</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Txec" title="Categoria:Txec">Txec</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Txec</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>171 llengües</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Afegeix un tema</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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