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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-GB" class="no-js"><head><meta charSet="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title data-rh="true">Ultra-processed food (UPFs): A guide for parents of babies, toddlers and pre-schoolers - BBC Tiny Happy People</title><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Children's dietitian Angharad Banner talks about the positives and negatives of processed foods, as well as ideas, easy swaps and recipes for families."/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Children's dietitian Angharad Banner talks about the positives and negatives of processed foods, as well as ideas, easy swaps and recipes for families."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1200xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1200xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg"/><meta 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off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;position:relative;display:block;top:0;left:0;z-index:1;padding:1rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #8A8C8E;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:auto;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:absolute;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js .ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{display:none;}.ssrcss-n7m3zs-StyledLoadingPlaceholderWrapper{min-width:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%;}.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{display:inline-block;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 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18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 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0.125rem #000000;}.ssrcss-18j3hq3-Button:focus:enabled{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #000000,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink{color:#000000;display:inline-block;font-weight:bolder;margin-top:0.5rem;padding:0.75rem 0;width:100%;}.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;}.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink:visited{color:#000000;}.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink:visited:hover,.ssrcss-1ilf98n-StyledLink:visited:focus{color:#000000;}.ssrcss-fq0xf0-Zone-StandardZone{height:100%;margin:0 auto;}.ssrcss-3x3031-PageWrapper{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;color:#141414;margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1666666666666667;}}.ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading:focus{outline-style:none;}.ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading:focus-visible{outline-style:auto;}.ssrcss-j1tvkn-SidebarNavSectionWrapper{border-left:solid 2px #E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:-3px;padding-left:calc(1.25rem + (1rem * 0));padding-right:0.5rem;-webkit-background-clip:padding-box;background-clip:padding-box;border-left:solid 3px transparent;}.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink[aria-current='page']{color:#8214E1;}.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink:link,.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink:visited{border-bottom:1px solid #8A8C8E;color:#141414;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink:link,.ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #8A8C8E;text-decoration:underline 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class="ssrcss-j1tvkn-SidebarNavSectionWrapper efgdili0"><ol><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#ztqkxg8" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)?</span></a></li><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#zdcv8p3" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Why is everyone talking about ultra-processed foods?</span></a></li><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#z4bs46f" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Are they all bad?</span></a></li><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#zhmwh4j" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">What can I do as a parent?</span></a></li><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#z9rykhv" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Angharad's UPF swaps</span></a></li><li><a href="/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#zp6qnk7" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-19f5tl0-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Recipe ideas</span></a></li></ol></div></nav></div></div><div data-testid="grid-wrapper" aria-live="polite" class="ssrcss-o09sa2-ArticleGridWrapper e107fkov1"><section id="gridBlock-0" data-stack-active="false" class="ssrcss-1c21cmm-SectionWrapper enh46943"><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><strong>Home</strong></a> > <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/tips-and-advice" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><strong>Tips and advice</strong></a> > <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/mealtimes" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><strong>Mealtimes</strong></a></p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p><strong>Ultra-processed foods are a huge part of life in the UK in 2024. It can be scary to think about their impact on our health – particularly when news and social media channels are swimming in new information and speculation.</strong></p><p>If you’re a parent to a baby, toddler or pre-schooler – often low on time and energy – quick meals and tasty snacks can be a godsend. Are these suddenly out of bounds?</p><p>We spoke to NHS registered children's dietitian <a href="https://www.instagram.com/abcdietitian/" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><strong>Angharad Banner</strong></a> about processed foods - the positives and negatives – as well as ideas, easy swaps and recipes for parents of under-fives…</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1tohiex-ComponentWrapper eumsyy51"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><img alt="A young boy looks to his parents while eating a breaded fish finger from a plate with his hands." sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px,(min-width: 600px) 624px,(min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p0hjvy8l.jpg 976w" title="" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-11b8pqw-StyledFigureCaption e1xtk7to0"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260">Frozen foods like fish fingers are often ultra-processed, but what does that mean for families?</div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="ztqkxg8"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="ztqkxg8">What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)?</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Angharad explains, “Put simply, a processed food is any food that has been changed in some way during its preparation. Foods that are unprocessed - ‘natural’ foods’ - are the edible parts of plants and animals. These are the foods that should form the main part of our diet.”</p><p>The <a href="https://world.openfoodfacts.org/nova" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><strong>NOVA scale</strong></a> helps us to work out how much a food has been processed, using four groups.</p><p>‘Ultra-processed foods’ (UPFs) are the last group on this scale and generally include foods that have undergone several processing steps and include artificial additives (like colourings, flavour enhancers and sweeteners), sugar, salt, or oil. It also includes drinks like fizzy cola.</p><p>You can see the NOVA scale below…</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><div class="table-wrapper ssrcss-34thzu-TableWrapper e1w4a0zt0"><table><thead><tr><th>Group</th><th>Definition</th><th>Examples</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Group 1</td><td>Unprocessed or natural foods.</td><td>Fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, nuts, seeds, pulses, eggs.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Minimally processed – natural foods altered by processes such as drying, chilling, freezing, boiling, or roasting.</td><td>Pasta, cous cous, dried fruit, pasteurised plain yogurt, milk.</td></tr><tr><td>Group 2</td><td>Processed cooking ingredients – used for preparation & seasoning</td><td>Sugar, salt, oil, butter, honey.</td></tr><tr><td>Group 3</td><td>Processed foods – products made by adding Group 2 ingredients to Group 1 foods.</td><td>Smoked meats and fish, canned fish, bread, cheese, canned beans (such as kidney beans or butter beans).</td></tr><tr><td>Group 4</td><td>Heavily processed foods or ‘ultra-processed foods’ (UPFs) – foods that have undergone several processing steps & include additives.</td><td>Ready meals, breakfast cereals, crisps, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, sausages, ice-cream, fruit yoghurts, chicken nuggets, fish fingers, instant noodles, fizzy drinks, baked beans.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-progress-id="ztqkxg8"><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="zdcv8p3"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="zdcv8p3">Why is everyone talking about ultra-processed foods?</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>You’ve probably seen people talk about UPFs on social media or television, often under a worrying headline.</p><p><strong>Eating this type of food regularly has been associated with obesity, which itself is tied into a lot of other health issues.</strong></p><p>New reports have been published on the negative side of UPFs - scientists are still investigating the long-term effect of additives, like emulsifiers and preservatives, but some research has shown that there is an impact on our health.</p><p>Additives, as well as sugar and salt, can also make us develop a preference for sweet and salty flavours. This is the case for all of us, but it is particularly important for children and young people that are developing their likes and dislikes.</p><p>These concerns - added to the fact that <a href="https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e027546.info" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">research has highlighted the UK as one of the biggest consumers of UPFs in Europe, per head</a> - has meant that food processing has become a hot topic of conversation in this country.</p><p>Angharad says, “Ultimately, we should be eating more of the foods that are unprocessed or minimally processed and less of the processed and ultra-processed foods. But this isn’t always easy.”</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-progress-id="zdcv8p3"><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="z4bs46f"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="z4bs46f">Are they all bad?</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Ideally, we should be eating fewer processed and ultra-processed foods, but Angharad says we should not forget that there can be benefits to them for families.</p><p>“Healthy diets do not have to be made up of only unprocessed or minimally-processed foods. Lots of breakfast cereals which are ultra-processed contain vitamins and minerals including vitamin D, vitamin B and iron, which are vital for our health.”</p><p>“White bread has added calcium and brown bread is a great way to get fibre into your diet.”</p><p>“Tinned foods, such as vegetables and beans (including baked beans), are used to make quick, nutritious meals - tinned tomatoes, for example, which can be used to make <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zdt2wty" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Bolognese</a> or <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/chilliconcarne_67875" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">chilli con carne</a>.”</p><p>Ultimately, a lot of processed and ultra-processed foods are cheaper too.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1tohiex-ComponentWrapper eumsyy51"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><img alt="A woman spoon feeds her baby or toddler rice using a green spoon." sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px,(min-width: 600px) 624px,(min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p0hjvyfc.jpg 976w" title="" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></figure></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Angharad also recognises that there are specific family situations that mean that it’s almost impossible to avoid UPFs. For example, if a mother is <strong>unable to breast feed</strong>, there often isn’t an alternative to formula milk – which is ultra-processed.</p><p>“Some children will have one or several <strong>food allergies</strong>, such as a cow’s milk protein allergy,” Angharad says.</p><p>“Many of the suitable alternative products would be considered processed foods but are a necessary part of the diet and provide useful sources of calcium, as well as offering similar tastes and textures that are helpful as part of the weaning journey.</p><p>“Families wanting to eat less meat and fish and follow more of a <strong>plant-based diet</strong> may also turn to alternative protein sources that would be considered UPF but play a vital role in the diet.</p><p>“There are also some children who are highly selective eaters and some who have Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), which is a recognised medical diagnosis. These children may be reliant on processed foods for all of their nutritional needs.”</p><p><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/ultra-processed_health" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">This BBC Food article has more information on ultra-processed foods and their potential benefits.</a></p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-progress-id="z4bs46f"><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="zhmwh4j"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="zhmwh4j">What can I do as a parent?</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>If you’re looking to cut down your family’s processed and ultra-processed food intake, Angharad has some simple steps to help you get started…</p><ul><li><p><strong>Look for a short ingredients list on the products you buy, ideally less than five</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Try not to feel guilty for using processed or UPFs</strong> – each family is different and has their own needs and challenges</p></li><li><p><strong>Get in the kitchen together and cook from scratch as much as you can.</strong> Try quick meals, like omelettes and stir-fries, and don’t forget, something like a traditional roast dinner is a great example of an unprocessed meal!</p></li></ul><p>If you have little time to make meals and snacks at home, perhaps try cooking in bulk for the week ahead, this can make a huge difference.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1tohiex-ComponentWrapper eumsyy51"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><img alt="A family work together in the kitchen. In the foreground a mum and daughter look at some icing on a spoon. In the background a mum and toddler have a go at whisking a bowl." sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px,(min-width: 600px) 624px,(min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p0hjvyrk.jpg 976w" title="" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-11b8pqw-StyledFigureCaption e1xtk7to0"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260">Talking about food and spending time in the kitchen together is a great way to help your child's language development.</div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p><strong>Baby food and weaning snacks</strong> are a staple for many parents, but, in pre-packaged form, they often contain additives and are considered UPFs. These can be helpful if short on time, but can also be replicated at home using whole foods – <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#zp6qnk7" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">check out some of our Tiny Happy People weaning recipes below!</a></p><p>Making one or two UPF 'swaps' is another great place to start…</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-progress-id="zhmwh4j"><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="z9rykhv"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="z9rykhv">Angharad's UPF swaps</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Why not choose one or two of these 'swaps' that work for your family and try them out for a week.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><div class="table-wrapper ssrcss-34thzu-TableWrapper e1w4a0zt0"><table><thead><tr><th>UPF</th><th>'Swap'</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Jar of pasta sauce</td><td><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/how_to_make_a_tomato_07153" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Homemade pasta sauce</a> using tinned tomatoes, onion, garlic and dried herbs.</td></tr><tr><td>Cereal bars</td><td><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/honeyflapjacks_73203" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Flapjacks.</a></td></tr><tr><td>Shop-bought pizza</td><td><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/pizzadoughbase_70980" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Make your own pizza base</a> and top with sauce, your favourite toppings and cheese.</td></tr><tr><td>Processed meat products (sausages, bacon, fried chicken)</td><td>Try and decrease the frequency you use them and opt for more eggs, mushrooms and tomatoes if you like a cooked breakfast.</td></tr><tr><td>Sweetened breakfast cereals</td><td>Swap these for more wholegrain cereals such as porridge, malted wheat cereal and wheat biscuits, or use half wholegrain and half sweetened!</td></tr><tr><td>Flavoured yoghurts</td><td>Use plain Greek style or natural yoghurt and add fresh or tinned fruit.</td></tr><tr><td>Ready meals</td><td>These are handy on occasion, but consider if you need to add vegetables as these are often missing. Batch cooking or using a slow cooker can help manage the demands of family meals.</td></tr><tr><td>Sweets, chocolate and crisps</td><td>Aim to reduce the frequency by having alternatives like fruit or bread sticks dipped in peanut butter. You can also reduce the portion size by choosing fun size bars and packets.</td></tr><tr><td>Tinned soups</td><td>Aim to reduce these by <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/collections/easy_soup" class="ssrcss-1w74xcy-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">making your own!</a> They can be super easy to prepare.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-progress-id="z9rykhv"><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div class="ssrcss-17rwkvc-BackToTopWrapper enh46942"><a href="#main-content" role="link" class="ssrcss-n0hjyx-SignpostLink ehuptrk1"><span data-testid="arrows:to-top" class="ssrcss-10m9zve-IconWrapper ehuptrk0"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M31.1 2.5H1v2.8h30.1zM14.3 13.3 31 29.5v-6.7L16 8.1.9 22.8v6.7l16.8-16.2z"></path></svg></span><span class="ssrcss-1hgui5j-TextWrapper ehuptrk2">Back to top</span></a></div><div class="ssrcss-9ydv24-Divider enh46941"></div><div data-menu-item-id="zp6qnk7"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-483432-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="zp6qnk7">Recipe ideas</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Here are some Tiny Happy People family recipes that use no, or few, ultra-processed ingredients…</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="column" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zjbst39" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Pea and Leek Puree / Family Veggie Risotto (6-9 months)</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Pea and Leek Puree / Family Veggie Risotto (6-9 months)" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh427.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh427.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh427.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh427.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh427.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh427.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh427.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zjmw92p" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Carrot and Potato Puree / Family Cottage Pie (6-9 months)</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Carrot and Potato Puree / Family Cottage Pie (6-9 months)" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh40r.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh40r.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh40r.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh40r.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh40r.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh40r.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh40r.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zbmjkmn" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Baby's First Fishcakes (9-12 months)</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Baby's First Fishcakes (9-12 months)" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh4j4.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh4j4.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-layout="column" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zh4bf4j" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Baby's First Curry (9-12 months)</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Baby's First Curry (9-12 months)" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh47l.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh47l.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh47l.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh47l.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh47l.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh47l.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh47l.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zb67d6f" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Baby-friendly Fajitas / Family Chicken Fajitas (from around 12 months)</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Baby-friendly Fajitas / Family Chicken Fajitas (from around 12 months)" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh467.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh467.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh467.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh467.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh467.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh467.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh467.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1tohiex-ComponentWrapper eumsyy51"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><img alt="" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px,(min-width: 600px) 624px,(min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07nhts8.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07nhts8.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07nhts8.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07nhts8.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07nhts8.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07nhts8.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07nhts8.jpg 976w" title="" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></figure></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-14s7uv2-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><h2>In case you missed it</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="column" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/znbwkmn" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Weaning - baby food recipes and advice</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Weaning - baby food recipes and advice" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh3x8.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p07yh3x8.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zng6kmn" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Play together at mealtimes</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Play together at mealtimes" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p076jkcj.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p076jkcj.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p076jkcj.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p076jkcj.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p076jkcj.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p076jkcj.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p076jkcj.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/znxsqp3" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Chat over a snack</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Chat over a snack" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p075n726.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p075n726.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p075n726.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p075n726.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p075n726.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p075n726.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p075n726.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-layout="column" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zjh8hbk" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Find an activity to try</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Find an activity to try" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 1280px, (min-width: 600px) 624px, (min-width: 320px) 320px" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bykv04.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0bykv04.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0bykv04.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0bykv04.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/624xn/p0bykv04.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bykv04.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p0bykv04.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait 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https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0bykv1h.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/976xn/p0bykv1h.jpg 976w" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div data-component="promo-block" class="ssrcss-1nq6mya-PromoComponentWrapper ew77c5b0"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-15ic1ob-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-6kxrmq-PromoPortrait et3mn3r0"><div class="ssrcss-1v1new6-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/science-and-facts" class="ssrcss-zozr5j-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1b1mki6-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Child development science</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><img alt="Child development science" sizes="(min-width: 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families.\",\"language\":\"en-GB\",\"attributionLink\":null,\"tags\":[],\"years\":[],\"home\":\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies/passport/home/TinyHappyPeople\",\"image\":{\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0hjvyfc.jpg\",\"alt\":\"\"},\"modifiedDateTime\":\"2024-09-19T14:41:35.903439Z\",\"creationDateTime\":\"2024-03-15T11:48:57.531505Z\",\"publishedDateTime\":\"2024-03-14T14:43:07\",\"locators\":{\"canonicalUrl\":\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p\"},\"contentId\":\"33706ef2-cb0c-4b7f-86f0-74da31f926c6\",\"attributions\":[{\"title\":\"BBC Tiny Happy People\",\"url\":\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people\"}]},\"menuMetadata\":[{\"id\":\"ztqkxg8\",\"text\":\"What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"},{\"id\":\"zdcv8p3\",\"text\":\"Why is everyone talking about ultra-processed foods?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"},{\"id\":\"z4bs46f\",\"text\":\"Are they all bad?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"},{\"id\":\"zhmwh4j\",\"text\":\"What can I do as a parent?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"},{\"id\":\"z9rykhv\",\"text\":\"Angharad's UPF swaps\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"},{\"id\":\"zp6qnk7\",\"text\":\"Recipe ideas\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}],\"headline\":\"Ultra-processed food: A guide for parents of under-fives\",\"grid\":{\"isStacked\":false,\"data\":[[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people\\\">\\u003cstrong>Home\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/a> > \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/tips-and-advice\\\">\\u003cstrong>Tips and advice\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/a> > \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/mealtimes\\\">\\u003cstrong>Mealtimes\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/a>\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":0}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>\\u003cstrong>Ultra-processed foods are a huge part of life in the UK in 2024. It can be scary to think about their impact on our health – particularly when news and social media channels are swimming in new information and speculation.\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>If you’re a parent to a baby, toddler or pre-schooler – often low on time and energy – quick meals and tasty snacks can be a godsend. Are these suddenly out of bounds?\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>We spoke to NHS registered children's dietitian \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.instagram.com/abcdietitian/\\\">\\u003cstrong>Angharad Banner\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/a> about processed foods - the positives and negatives – as well as ideas, easy swaps and recipes for parents of under-fives…\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":1}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"image-block\",\"data\":{\"alt\":\"A young boy looks to his parents while eating a breaded fish finger from a plate with his hands.\",\"caption\":\"Frozen foods like fish fingers are often ultra-processed, but what does that mean for families?\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"mediaType\":\"image\",\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0hjvy8l.jpg\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"id\":\"ztqkxg8\",\"heading\":\"What are ultra-processed foods (UPFs)?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Angharad explains, “Put simply, a processed food is any food that has been changed in some way during its preparation. Foods that are unprocessed - ‘natural’ foods’ - are the edible parts of plants and animals. These are the foods that should form the main part of our diet.”\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>The \\u003ca href=\\\"https://world.openfoodfacts.org/nova\\\">\\u003cstrong>NOVA scale\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/a> helps us to work out how much a food has been processed, using four groups.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>‘Ultra-processed foods’ (UPFs) are the last group on this scale and generally include foods that have undergone several processing steps and include artificial additives (like colourings, flavour enhancers and sweeteners), sugar, salt, or oil. It also includes drinks like fizzy cola.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>You can see the NOVA scale below…\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":2}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003ctable>\\u003cthead>\\u003ctr>\\u003cth>Group\\u003c/th>\\u003cth>Definition\\u003c/th>\\u003cth>Examples\\u003c/th>\\u003c/tr>\\u003c/thead>\\u003ctbody>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Group 1\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Unprocessed or natural foods.\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, nuts, seeds, pulses, eggs.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Minimally processed – natural foods altered by processes such as drying, chilling, freezing, boiling, or roasting.\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Pasta, cous cous, dried fruit, pasteurised plain yogurt, milk.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Group 2\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Processed cooking ingredients – used for preparation & seasoning\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Sugar, salt, oil, butter, honey.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Group 3\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Processed foods – products made by adding Group 2 ingredients to Group 1 foods.\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Smoked meats and fish, canned fish, bread, cheese, canned beans (such as kidney beans or butter beans).\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Group 4\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Heavily processed foods or ‘ultra-processed foods’ (UPFs) – foods that have undergone several processing steps & include additives.\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Ready meals, breakfast cereals, crisps, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, sausages, ice-cream, fruit yoghurts, chicken nuggets, fish fingers, instant noodles, fizzy drinks, baked beans.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003c/tbody>\\u003c/table>\",\"groupPosition\":3}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"id\":\"zdcv8p3\",\"heading\":\"Why is everyone talking about ultra-processed foods?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>You’ve probably seen people talk about UPFs on social media or television, often under a worrying headline.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>\\u003cstrong>Eating this type of food regularly has been associated with obesity, which itself is tied into a lot of other health issues.\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>New reports have been published on the negative side of UPFs - scientists are still investigating the long-term effect of additives, like emulsifiers and preservatives, but some research has shown that there is an impact on our health.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>Additives, as well as sugar and salt, can also make us develop a preference for sweet and salty flavours. This is the case for all of us, but it is particularly important for children and young people that are developing their likes and dislikes.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>These concerns - added to the fact that \\u003ca href=\\\"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/10/e027546.info\\\">research has highlighted the UK as one of the biggest consumers of UPFs in Europe, per head\\u003c/a> - has meant that food processing has become a hot topic of conversation in this country.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>Angharad says, “Ultimately, we should be eating more of the foods that are unprocessed or minimally processed and less of the processed and ultra-processed foods. But this isn’t always easy.”\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":4}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"id\":\"z4bs46f\",\"heading\":\"Are they all bad?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Ideally, we should be eating fewer processed and ultra-processed foods, but Angharad says we should not forget that there can be benefits to them for families.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“Healthy diets do not have to be made up of only unprocessed or minimally-processed foods. Lots of breakfast cereals which are ultra-processed contain vitamins and minerals including vitamin D, vitamin B and iron, which are vital for our health.”\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“White bread has added calcium and brown bread is a great way to get fibre into your diet.”\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“Tinned foods, such as vegetables and beans (including baked beans), are used to make quick, nutritious meals - tinned tomatoes, for example, which can be used to make \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zdt2wty\\\">Bolognese\\u003c/a> or \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/chilliconcarne_67875\\\">chilli con carne\\u003c/a>.”\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>Ultimately, a lot of processed and ultra-processed foods are cheaper too.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":5}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"image-block\",\"data\":{\"alt\":\"A woman spoon feeds her baby or toddler rice using a green spoon.\",\"caption\":\"\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"mediaType\":\"image\",\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0hjvyfc.jpg\",\"title\":\"\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Angharad also recognises that there are specific family situations that mean that it’s almost impossible to avoid UPFs. For example, if a mother is \\u003cstrong>unable to breast feed\\u003c/strong>, there often isn’t an alternative to formula milk – which is ultra-processed.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“Some children will have one or several \\u003cstrong>food allergies\\u003c/strong>, such as a cow’s milk protein allergy,” Angharad says.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“Many of the suitable alternative products would be considered processed foods but are a necessary part of the diet and provide useful sources of calcium, as well as offering similar tastes and textures that are helpful as part of the weaning journey.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“Families wanting to eat less meat and fish and follow more of a \\u003cstrong>plant-based diet\\u003c/strong> may also turn to alternative protein sources that would be considered UPF but play a vital role in the diet.\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>“There are also some children who are highly selective eaters and some who have Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), which is a recognised medical diagnosis. These children may be reliant on processed foods for all of their nutritional needs.”\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/ultra-processed_health\\\">This BBC Food article has more information on ultra-processed foods and their potential benefits.\\u003c/a>\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":6}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"id\":\"zhmwh4j\",\"heading\":\"What can I do as a parent?\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>If you’re looking to cut down your family’s processed and ultra-processed food intake, Angharad has some simple steps to help you get started…\\u003c/p>\\u003cul>\\u003cli>\\u003cp>\\u003cstrong>Look for a short ingredients list on the products you buy, ideally less than five\\u003c/strong>\\u003c/p>\\u003c/li>\\u003cli>\\u003cp>\\u003cstrong>Try not to feel guilty for using processed or UPFs\\u003c/strong> – each family is different and has their own needs and challenges\\u003c/p>\\u003c/li>\\u003cli>\\u003cp>\\u003cstrong>Get in the kitchen together and cook from scratch as much as you can.\\u003c/strong> Try quick meals, like omelettes and stir-fries, and don’t forget, something like a traditional roast dinner is a great example of an unprocessed meal!\\u003c/p>\\u003c/li>\\u003c/ul>\\u003cp>If you have little time to make meals and snacks at home, perhaps try cooking in bulk for the week ahead, this can make a huge difference.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":7}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"image-block\",\"data\":{\"alt\":\"A family work together in the kitchen. 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These can be helpful if short on time, but can also be replicated at home using whole foods – \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zcyhg2p#zp6qnk7\\\">check out some of our Tiny Happy People weaning recipes below!\\u003c/a>\\u003c/p>\\u003cp>Making one or two UPF 'swaps' is another great place to start…\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":8}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"id\":\"z9rykhv\",\"heading\":\"Angharad's UPF swaps\",\"headingLevel\":\"1\"}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Why not choose one or two of these 'swaps' that work for your family and try them out for a week.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":9}},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003ctable>\\u003cthead>\\u003ctr>\\u003cth>UPF\\u003c/th>\\u003cth>'Swap'\\u003c/th>\\u003c/tr>\\u003c/thead>\\u003ctbody>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Jar of pasta sauce\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/how_to_make_a_tomato_07153\\\">Homemade pasta sauce\\u003c/a> using tinned tomatoes, onion, garlic and dried herbs.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Cereal bars\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/honeyflapjacks_73203\\\">Flapjacks.\\u003c/a>\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Shop-bought pizza\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/pizzadoughbase_70980\\\">Make your own pizza base\\u003c/a> and top with sauce, your favourite toppings and cheese.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Processed meat products (sausages, bacon, fried chicken)\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Try and decrease the frequency you use them and opt for more eggs, mushrooms and tomatoes if you like a cooked breakfast.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Sweetened breakfast cereals\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Swap these for more wholegrain cereals such as porridge, malted wheat cereal and wheat biscuits, or use half wholegrain and half sweetened!\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Flavoured yoghurts\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>Use plain Greek style or natural yoghurt and add fresh or tinned fruit.\\u003c/td>\\u003c/tr>\\u003ctr>\\u003ctd>Ready meals\\u003c/td>\\u003ctd>These are handy on occasion, but consider if you need to add vegetables as these are often missing. 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