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id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Religious views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span><i>No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_Win_a_Cosmic_War_(a.k.a._Beyond_Fundamentalism)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_Win_a_Cosmic_War_(a.k.a._Beyond_Fundamentalism)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span><i>How to Win a Cosmic War</i> (a.k.a. <i>Beyond Fundamentalism</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_Win_a_Cosmic_War_(a.k.a._Beyond_Fundamentalism)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.3</span> <span><i>Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-God:_A_Human_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God:_A_Human_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.4</span> <span><i>God: A Human History</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God:_A_Human_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_American_Martyr_in_Persia:_The_Epic_Life_and_Tragic_Death_of_Howard_Baskerville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_American_Martyr_in_Persia:_The_Epic_Life_and_Tragic_Death_of_Howard_Baskerville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.5</span> <span><i>An American Martyr in Persia: The Epic Life and Tragic Death of Howard Baskerville</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_American_Martyr_in_Persia:_The_Epic_Life_and_Tragic_Death_of_Howard_Baskerville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Other writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_as_editor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_as_editor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Work as editor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_as_editor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Business ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aslan_Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aslan_Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Aslan Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aslan_Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BoomGen_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BoomGen_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>BoomGen Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BoomGen_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Of_Kings_and_Prophets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Of_Kings_and_Prophets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2.1</span> <span><i>Of Kings and Prophets</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Of_Kings_and_Prophets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>TV projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Leftovers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Leftovers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3.1</span> <span><i>The Leftovers</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Leftovers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rough_Draft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rough_Draft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3.2</span> <span><i>Rough Draft</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rough_Draft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Believer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Believer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3.3</span> <span><i>Believer</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Believer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allah_in_the_Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allah_in_the_Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3.4</span> <span><i>Allah in the Family</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allah_in_the_Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remarks_about_President_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remarks_about_President_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Remarks about President Trump</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remarks_about_President_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_media_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_media_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other media appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_media_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013_Fox_News_interview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_Fox_News_interview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>2013 Fox News interview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_Fox_News_interview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Professional membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis_of_War_on_Terrorism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_of_War_on_Terrorism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Analysis of War on Terrorism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_of_War_on_Terrorism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection_of_religious_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_of_religious_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Protection of religious freedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_of_religious_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_New_Atheism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_New_Atheism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Criticism of New Atheism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_New_Atheism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رضا أصلان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رضا أصلان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="রেজা আসলান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেজা আসলান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رضا اصلان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رضا اصلان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9F" title="רזא אסלאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רזא אסלאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB" title="റെസാ അസ്ലൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെസാ അസ്ലൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Аслан, Реза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аслан, Реза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Reza Aslan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2298313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Reza Aslan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Reza_Aslan_lit_fest_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Aslan in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1972-05-03</span>) </span>May 3, 1972<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 52)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, Iran</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian-American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Theological_Studies" title="Master of Theological Studies">MTS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts" title="Master of Fine Arts">MFA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">Scholar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writer</a>, and TV host</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization(s)</th><td class="infobox-data org">Aslan Media Inc., BoomGen Studios</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam" title="No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam">No God but God</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" title="Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth">Zealot</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Jackley" title="Jessica Jackley">Jessica Jackley</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2011)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leila_Forouhar" title="Leila Forouhar">Leila Forouhar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(aunt)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Reza Aslan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رضا اصلان</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[ˈɾezɒː<span class="wrap"> </span>æsˈlɒːn]</a></span>; born May 3, 1972) is an <a href="/wiki/Iranian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian-American">Iranian-American</a> scholar of <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writer, and television host. A convert to <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Christianity</a> from <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> as a youth, Aslan eventually reverted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> but continued to write about Christianity. He has written four books on religion: <i><a href="/wiki/No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam" title="No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam">No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</a></i>, <i>Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in the Age of Globalization</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" title="Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth">Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</a></i>, <i>God: A Human History</i> and in 2022 <i>An American Martyr in Persia: The Epic Life and Tragic Death of Howard Baskerville</i>. </p><p>Aslan has worked for television, including a documentary series exploring world religions on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> called <i>Believer</i>, and served as an executive producer on the HBO drama series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Leftovers_(TV_series)" title="The Leftovers (TV series)">The Leftovers</a></i>. Aslan is a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Religion" title="American Academy of Religion">American Academy of Religion</a> and the International Qur'anic Studies Association. He is a professor of <a href="/wiki/Creative_writing" title="Creative writing">creative writing</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">University of California, Riverside</a>, and a board member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_American_Council" title="National Iranian American Council">National Iranian American Council</a> (NIAC). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>Aslan's family came to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> in 1979, fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>. He grew up in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan says that he "spent the 1980s pretending to be Mexican" due to the amount of discrimination faced by Iranian Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_High_School" title="Del Mar High School">Del Mar High School</a> in San Jose, and graduated class of 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s, Aslan taught courses at <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_High_School_(Concord,_California)" title="De La Salle High School (Concord, California)">De La Salle High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord, California</a>. </p><p>Aslan holds a B.A. in <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">religious studies</a> from <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Theological_Studies" title="Master of Theological Studies">Master of Theological Studies</a> (MTS) from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Harvard Divinity School</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts" title="Master of Fine Arts">Master of Fine Arts</a> (M.F.A.) in <a href="/wiki/Fiction_writing" title="Fiction writing">fiction writing</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Writers%27_Workshop" title="Iowa Writers' Workshop">Writers' Workshop</a>, and a Ph.D. in <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 2009 dissertation, "Global Jihadism as a Transnational Social Movement: A Theoretical Framework",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> discusses contemporary Muslim political activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Nation_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2000, while serving as the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote_Literary_Trust" title="Truman Capote Literary Trust">Truman Capote Fellow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Writers%27_Workshop" title="Iowa Writers' Workshop">Iowa Writers' Workshop</a>, Aslan was a visiting faculty member in Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aslan was the 2012–13 Wallerstein Distinguished Visiting Professor at the <a href="/wiki/Drew_University" title="Drew University">Drew University</a> Center on Religion, Culture & Conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-NJDU_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJDU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DrewU_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrewU-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Adjunct Senior Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> from 2012 to 2013,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> he is also a member of the Los Angeles Institute for the Humanities,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Pacific Council on International Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-sunstone_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunstone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has served as Legislative Assistant for the <a href="/wiki/Friends_Committee_on_National_Legislation" title="Friends Committee on National Legislation">Friends Committee on National Legislation</a> in Washington D.C.,<sup id="cite_ref-parstimes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parstimes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected President of Harvard's Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Religions_for_Peace" title="Religions for Peace">World Conference of Religions for Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-parstimes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parstimes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan also serves on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Ploughshares_Fund" title="Ploughshares Fund">Ploughshares Fund</a>, which gives grants for peace and security issues, <a href="/wiki/PEN_Center_USA" title="PEN Center USA">PEN Center USA</a>, a writer's advocacy group, and he serves on the national advisory board of <a href="/wiki/The_Markaz" title="The Markaz">The Markaz</a> (formerly the Levantine Cultural Center), a program to promote peace between Americans and the Arab/Muslim world.<sup id="cite_ref-sunstone_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunstone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also serves on the board of trustees for the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Theological_Seminary" title="Chicago Theological Seminary">Chicago Theological Seminary</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is on the advisory board of the Yale Humanist Community.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3></div> <p>Aslan was born into a <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> Shia Muslim family. He converted to <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christianity">evangelical Christianity</a> at the age of 15,<sup id="cite_ref-economist_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economist-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and converted back to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> the summer before attending Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-loon_watch_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loon_watch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan completed his Harvard degree in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> called him "a <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> by persuasion".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2013 interview with <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a> host <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lehrer" title="Brian Lehrer">Brian Lehrer</a>, Aslan said: "I'm definitely a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> is the tradition within Islam that I most closely adhere to."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2013 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, Aslan stated: "It's not [that] I think Islam is correct and Christianity is incorrect. It's that all religions are nothing more than a language made up of symbols and metaphors to help an individual explain faith."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Cenk Uygur</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></i>, Aslan described Islam as: </p> <blockquote><p>a man-made institution. It's a set of symbols and metaphors that provides a language for which to express what is inexpressible, and that is faith. It's symbols and metaphors that I prefer, but it's not more right or more wrong than any other symbols and metaphors. It's a language; that's all it is.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg/220px-Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg/330px-Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg/440px-Reza_Aslan_-_April_2012-cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="2162" /></a><figcaption>Aslan speaking at <a href="/wiki/Roanoke_College" title="Roanoke College">Roanoke College</a>, 18 April 2012</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3></div> <p>Aslan has published four books, edited two anthologies, and frequently writes for different media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam"><span id="No_God_but_God:_The_Origins.2C_Evolution.2C_and_Future_of_Islam"></span><i>No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</i></h5></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/No_God_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam" title="No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam">No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</a></div> <p><i>No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</i> is a non-fiction book published in 2005. The book describes the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">history of Islam</a> and argues for a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">liberal interpretation of the Islamic religion</a>. It blames Western imperialism and self-serving misinterpretations of Islamic law by past scholars for the current controversies within Islam,<sup id="cite_ref-ked_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ked-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> challenging the "<a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a>" thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-stan_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stan-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="How_to_Win_a_Cosmic_War_(a.k.a._Beyond_Fundamentalism)"><span id="How_to_Win_a_Cosmic_War_.28a.k.a._Beyond_Fundamentalism.29"></span><i>How to Win a Cosmic War</i> (a.k.a. <i>Beyond Fundamentalism</i>)</h5></div> <p>In 2009, Aslan published his second book, <i>How to Win a Cosmic War: God, Globalization, and the End of Terror</i>. The next year, it was re-released in paperback as <i>Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in the Age of Globalization</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-foreign_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreign-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book is both a study of the ideology fueling <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and like-minded militants throughout the Muslim world, and an exploration of religious violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Aslan argues that the United States is fighting a similar war by infusing the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> with its religiously polarizing rhetoric. This war, he asserts, cannot be won.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aslan refers to Al Qaeda's <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> against the West as "a cosmic war", distinct from holy war, in which rival religious groups are engaged in an earthly battle for material goals. "A cosmic war is like a ritual drama in which participants act out on earth a battle they believe is actually taking place in the heavens." American rhetoric of "war on terrorism", Aslan says, is in precise "cosmic dualism" to Al Qaeda's <i>jihad</i>. Aslan distinguishes <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Islamists" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamists">Islamists</a> have legitimate goals and can be negotiated with, unlike <a href="/wiki/Jihadists" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadists">Jihadists</a>, who dream of an idealized past of a <a href="/wiki/Pan_Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Islamism">pan-Islamic</a>, borderless "religious communalism". Aslan's prescription for winning the cosmic war is not to fight but to engage moderate Islamic political forces in the democratic process. "Throughout the Middle East, whenever moderate Islamist parties have been allowed to participate in the political process, popular support for more extremist groups has diminished."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> called <i>Beyond Fundamentalism</i> a "thoughtful analysis of America's War on Terror".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> added that it "offers a very persuasive argument for the best way to counter jihadism."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth"><i>Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</i></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" title="Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth">Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</a></div> <p>Aslan's book <i>Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</i> (2013) is an <a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">historical account</a> of the life of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, which analyzes the various <a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">religious perspectives on Jesus</a>, as well as the creation of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. In the book, Aslan argues that Jesus was a political, rebellious, and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">eschatological Jew</a> whose proclamation of the coming kingdom of God was a call for regime change to end Roman hegemony over Roman Judea and end a corrupt and oppressive aristocratic priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="God:_A_Human_History"><i>God: A Human History</i></h5></div> <p>In this book, published by Random House in 2017, Aslan explains in an accessible scholarly style the history of religion and a theory of why and how humans started thinking about supernatural beings and eventually God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="An_American_Martyr_in_Persia:_The_Epic_Life_and_Tragic_Death_of_Howard_Baskerville"><i>An American Martyr in Persia: The Epic Life and Tragic Death of Howard Baskerville</i></h5></div> <p>On October 11, 2022, <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a> published Aslan's book about <a href="/wiki/Howard_Baskerville" title="Howard Baskerville">Howard Baskerville</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews" title="Kirkus Reviews">Kirkus Reviews</a></i> called it "an intriguing read that breathes life into a pivotal moment of Persian/Iranian history".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_writing">Other writing</h4></div> <p>Aslan has written articles for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i> as a contributing editor.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also written for various newspapers and periodicals, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and <i>The Washington Post</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, <i>The Guardian</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_as_editor">Work as editor</h3></div> <p><i>Tablet and Pen: Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East</i>, an anthology he edited and published, appeared in 2011. In collaboration with Words Without Borders, Aslan worked with a team of three regional editors and seventy-seven translators, amassing a collection of nearly 200 pieces originally written in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Turkish, many presented in English for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Muslims and Jews in America: Commonalities, Contentions, and Complexities</i> (2011) co-edited with Abraham's Vision founder Aaron J. Hahn Tapper, is a collection of essays exploring contemporary Jewish–Muslim relations in the United States and the distinct ways in which these two communities interact with one another in that context.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_ventures">Business ventures</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aslan_Media">Aslan Media</h4></div> <p>Aslan founded Aslan Media, a media platform offering alternative coverage of the Middle East and its global diaspora communities.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BoomGen_Studios">BoomGen Studios</h4></div> <p>In 2006, Aslan partnered with Iranian American cinematographer and producer <a href="/wiki/Mahyad_Tousi" title="Mahyad Tousi">Mahyad Tousi</a> to create BoomGen Studios, a studio and production company focused on bringing stories from and about the Middle East to American audiences. Projects that they consulted on include National Geographic's <i>Amreeka</i>; Disney's <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Persia:_The_Sands_of_Time_(film)" title="Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (film)">Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time</a></i> and the Broadway adaptation of <i>Aladdin</i>; the Weinstein Company's <i>Miral</i>; Relativity Media's <i>Desert Dancer</i>; Fork Films' <i>The Trials of Spring</i>; Jon Stewart's directorial debut <i>Rosewater</i>; and 2014 Oscar-nominated documentary <i>The Square</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Of_Kings_and_Prophets"><i>Of Kings and Prophets</i></h5></div> <p>In January 2015, BoomGen announced that ABC picked up its biblical epic, <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Kings_and_Prophets" title="Of Kings and Prophets">Of Kings and Prophets</a></i>, a dramatic retelling of the central story in the Hebrew Bible: the story of King David from shepherd to king. The series followed an ensemble of characters, including Saul and David, the successive Kings of Israel, their families, and their political rivals. <i>Of Kings and Prophets</i> was set in the Kingdom of Israel but filmed in Cape Town, South Africa. Aslan, Tousi, and Jason Reed served as executive producers on the show.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TV_projects">TV projects</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Leftovers"><i>The Leftovers</i></h5></div> <p>In 2015, Aslan joined the popular HBO series <a href="/wiki/The_Leftovers_(TV_series)" title="The Leftovers (TV series)"><i>The Leftovers</i></a> as a consulting producer for both its second and third seasons. In addition to helping craft the show's foundation, Aslan was integral to shaping protagonist Kevin Garvey's season two character arc.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rough_Draft"><i>Rough Draft</i></h5></div> <p>In March 2016, cable network Ovation premiered <i>Rough Draft with Reza Aslan</i>, a fast-paced and timely talk show featuring Aslan conversing with critically acclaimed authors and writers in film, TV, and journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-variety1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Believer"><i>Believer</i></h5></div> <p>In 2015, Aslan began production on the "spiritual travel series" <i>Believer</i>, a documentary series that follows Aslan as he immerses himself and experiences various religious traditions internationally, focusing on sects considered fringe and disreputable by larger religions. The program, which Aslan compared to <i><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bourdain:_Parts_Unknown" title="Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown">Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was part of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s original programming lineup and premiered in March 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first episode focused on the <a href="/wiki/Aghori" title="Aghori">Aghori</a> sect of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. Aslan was accused of <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Hinduism">anti-Hinduism</a> when Aslan ate part of a human brain while meeting Aghori <a href="/wiki/Sadhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhus">sadhus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_India_Political_Action_Committee" title="United States India Political Action Committee">United States India Political Action Committee</a> said in a statement that "[w]ith multiple reports of hate-fueled attacks against people of Indian origin from across the U.S., the show characterizes Hinduism as cannibalistic, which is a bizarre way of looking at the third largest religion in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vamsee Juluri, professor of media studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>, described the episode as "reckless, racist, and anti-immigrant",<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Aseem_Shukla" title="Aseem Shukla">Aseem Shukla</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_American_Foundation" title="Hindu American Foundation">Hindu American Foundation</a> accused Aslan of being "poorly informed", circulating "common stereotypical misconceptions" about Hinduism and indulging in "religion porn" "to grab ratings", with the "most clichéd, spurious conflations of the Hindu religion with the caste system".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>US Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> compared the show to "touring a zoo".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show has also been criticized for saying that <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> was called "the city of the dead",<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calling the immersion of ashes "dumping", presenting the Aghors as an exception in their struggle against the caste system,<sup id="cite_ref-huffingtonpost.com_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and claims he misunderstood the distinction between <a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the notion of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-huffingtonpost.com_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organizations American Hindus Against Defamation (AHAD) and the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_American_Foundation" title="Hindu American Foundation">Hindu American Foundation</a> (HAF) have also both questioned why Aslan's show does not cover Islam, his own religion. Aslan said that he had planned to cover the <a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a> festival in Pakistan but abandoned the plan because of insurance costs. He pledged to cover Islam if <i>Believer</i> had a second series.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 9, 2017, CNN announced that it had "decided to not move forward with production" on Aslan's <i>Believer</i> series after his anti-Trump tweets were criticized because of vulgar language used shortly before June 9, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StelterCNN06092017-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aslan defended the episode in a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> post.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Allah_in_the_Family"><i>Allah in the Family</i></h5></div> <p>Aslan (along with Andrew Reich) wrote a sitcom pilot titled "Allah in the Family" based on his experiences as an Iranian immigrant growing up in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ABC bought the pilot but it has yet to go into production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Remarks_about_President_Trump">Remarks about President Trump</h4></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">2017 London Bridge attack</a>, Aslan took to Twitter to call President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> "a piece of shit" and a "man-baby" for his response to the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 9, 2017, in response to his remarks, CNN decided to cut ties with Aslan and announced they would not move forward with season two of the <i>Believer</i> series.<sup id="cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StelterCNN06092017-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan said of the cancellation, "I am not a journalist. I am a social commentator and scholar. And so I agree with CNN that it is best that we part ways."<sup id="cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StelterCNN06092017-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media_appearances">Other media appearances</h3></div> <p>Aslan has made numerous appearances on TV and radio, including <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> (NPR), <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Fox_News_Channel#FoxNews.com_Live_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="List of programs broadcast by Fox News Channel">Spirited Debate</a></i> on Fox News, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rachel_Maddow_Show_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rachel Maddow Show (TV series)">The Rachel Maddow Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show_with_Jon_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Show with Jon Stewart">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Colbert_Report" title="The Colbert Report">The Colbert Report</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper_360%C2%B0" title="Anderson Cooper 360°">Anderson Cooper 360°</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hardball_with_Chris_Matthews" title="Hardball with Chris Matthews">Hardball</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nightline" title="Nightline">Nightline</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fareed_Zakaria_GPS" title="Fareed Zakaria GPS">Fareed Zakaria GPS</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC Australia's</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Ideas_(Australia)" title="Big Ideas (Australia)">Big Ideas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013_Fox_News_interview">2013 Fox News interview</h4></div> <p>On July 26, 2013, Aslan was interviewed on <i>Spirited Debate</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> <a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">webcast</a> by Chief Religion Correspondent <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Green" title="Lauren Green">Lauren Green</a> about his book <i><a href="/wiki/Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" title="Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth">Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoxInterviewAslan_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoxInterviewAslan-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Green was "unsatisfied with Aslan's credentials," and she pressed Aslan, questioning why a Muslim would write about Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-lat_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan answered, "Because it's my job as an academic. I am a professor of religion, including the New Testament. That's what I do for a living." The interview lasted about ten minutes and focused "on Aslan's background more than the actual contents of the book."<sup id="cite_ref-lat_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video clip of the interview went <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral</a> within days<sup id="cite_ref-fox_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the book, which was up to that point selling "steadily",<sup id="cite_ref-fox_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appeared at the 4th place on <i>The New York Times</i> print hardcover best-seller list.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By late July 2013, it was topping the U.S. best-seller list on <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Aslan's interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castelli" title="Elizabeth Castelli">Elizabeth Castelli</a>, professor of religion at <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College, Columbia University</a>, reported a sense of outrage in academia, writing "Those of us in the academic field of religious studies, especially biblical scholars and historians of <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a>, found the whole business deeply cringe-worthy. The <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> interview was not just <a href="/wiki/Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">embarrassing</a> but downright offensive. The <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">anti-Muslim</a> bias of Fox is well-documented and is bad enough, whatever the specific context. For scholars of religion, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Green" title="Lauren Green">Green</a>'s conflation of the academic study of religion with personal religious identification is a familiar misunderstanding."<sup id="cite_ref-Nation_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Elizabeth Castelli's dismissal of Fox News for questioning Aslan as a religious scholar, as she acknowledged Aslan could claim as a scholar of "history-of-religions", she dismissed his claims of being a historian. She wrote "<i>History of religions</i> is ... a particular disciplinary approach... often associated in the United States with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_at_Santa_Barbara" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California at Santa Barbara">University of California at Santa Barbara</a>, where Aslan earned his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>. To the extent that he did coursework in the UCSB Religious Studies department, he can certainly lay claim ... But his claims are more grandiose than that and are based on his repeated public statements that he speaks with authority as a historian. He has therefore reasonably opened himself to criticism."<sup id="cite_ref-Nation_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> concurred with Prof. Castelli's acknowledgment of Aslan's religious credentials.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>The Washington Post</i>, the journalist Manuel Roig-Franzia concurred with Prof. Castelli's critique of Aslan's historian credentials, noting that Aslan's university does not offer degrees in the history or the sociology of religion and writing that Aslan "boasts of academic laurels he does not have." However, he quoted Aslan's dissertation adviser, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Juergensmeyer" title="Mark Juergensmeyer">Mark Juergensmeyer</a>, who acknowledged that their departments "don't have a degree in sociology of religions as such" but said that he "doesn't have a problem with Aslan's characterization of his doctorate, noting ... [Aslan] did most of his course work in religion" and his arrangement of getting Aslan out of the religious studies department into the sociology department "was undertaken to get Aslan out of time-consuming required language courses".<sup id="cite_ref-WP_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i> also noted UCSB "is famous for its <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a> program—students tailor their studies around a topic, not a department. They choose a department only for the diploma."<sup id="cite_ref-Philly_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philly-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3></div> <p>He is a professor of <a href="/wiki/Creative_writing" title="Creative writing">creative writing</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">University of California, Riverside</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a board member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_American_Council" title="National Iranian American Council">National Iranian American Council</a> (NIAC).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_membership">Professional membership</h3></div> <p>Aslan is a sitting member of the advisory board for the <a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_American_Council" title="National Iranian American Council">National Iranian American Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 as a member of the group, he joined with 73 other "prominent International Relations and Middle East scholars" in signing a statement of support for the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, an international agreement regarding the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Iranian nuclear program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_analysis">Political analysis</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis_of_War_on_Terrorism">Analysis of War on Terrorism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aslan,_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg/220px-Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg/330px-Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg/440px-Aslan%2C_Reza_-MBFI_2013_fRF_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Reza Aslan at the <a href="/wiki/Miami_Book_Fair_International" title="Miami Book Fair International">Miami Book Fair International</a> 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Aslan refers to Al Qaeda's <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> against the West as "a cosmic war", distinct from <a href="/wiki/Holy_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy war">holy war</a>, in which rival religious groups are engaged in an earthly battle for material goals. "A cosmic war is like a ritual drama in which participants act out on earth a battle they believe is actually taking place in the heavens." American rhetoric of "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">war on terrorism</a>", Aslan says, opposes Al Qaeda's <i>jihad</i> within this very structure of "cosmic dualism". Aslan draws a distinction between <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a>. Islamists have legitimate goals and can be negotiated with, unlike Jihadists, who dream of an idealized past of a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">pan-Islamic</a>, borderless "religious communalism". Aslan's prescription for winning the cosmic war is not to fight but to engage moderate Islamic political forces in the democratic process. "Throughout the Middle East, whenever moderate Islamist parties have been allowed to participate in the political process, popular support for more extremist groups has diminished."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_of_religious_freedom">Protection of religious freedom</h3></div> <p>Aslan has argued for religious freedom and protection for religious minorities throughout the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-WPIRAN_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPIRAN-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ForeignAffairs_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForeignAffairs-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has called for Iran to protect and stop the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">"horrific human rights abuses"</a> against its <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-WPIRAN_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPIRAN-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan has also said that the persecution and displacement of Middle Eastern Christian communities "is nothing less than a regional religious cleansing that will soon prove to be a historic disaster for Christians and Muslims alike."<sup id="cite_ref-ForeignAffairs_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForeignAffairs-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_of_New_Atheism">Criticism of New Atheism</h3></div> <p>In a 2014 interview, Aslan criticized the "armchair atheism" of atheists like <a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> who lack formal training in the study of religion, and who, in Aslan's opinion, are therefore unable to effectively comment on how it shapes human behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan has also called <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> a "buffoon, embarrassing himself every day."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contrasts <a href="/wiki/New_Atheism" title="New Atheism">New Atheists</a> with the "philosophical atheism" of earlier thinkers who "were experts in religion, and so they were able to offer critiques of it that came from a place of knowledge, from a sophistication of education, of research."<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 29, 2014, Antonia Blumberg in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i> stated that Aslan, on CNN, "criticized comedian <a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> for characterizing <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> as an 'Islamic problem,' in addition to making several other sweeping generalizations about the faith."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan was reported as saying "To say 'Muslim countries', as though Pakistan and Turkey are the same ... it's frankly, and I use this word seriously, stupid!" His criticism was not just of Maher but of how Muslims are portrayed in mainstream media.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prachi Gupta, in <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i>, wrote that Aslan believed that the U.S. was partnering with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> while simultaneously condemning <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 8, 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> published an article by Aslan, "Bill Maher Isn't the Only One Who Misunderstands Religion". In it, Aslan wrote, "Bill Maher is right to condemn religious practices that violate fundamental human rights. Religious communities must do more to counter extremist interpretations of their faith. But failing to recognize that religion is embedded in culture—and making a blanket judgment about the world's second-largest religion—is simply bigotry."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>, Eric Sasson took issue with Aslan's claim in the CNN interview that men and women are treated equally in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> due to the countries having elected female leaders, pointing out that the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported a "significant rollback" of women's rights in both countries. Sasson also challenged Aslan's claim that female genital mutilation is a problem only in central Africa, saying that it's also an issue in the predominantly Muslim country of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The television and radio host <a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">David Pakman</a> also cast doubt on some of Aslan's claims from the interview.<sup id="cite_ref-DPak_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DPak-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sam Harris criticized Aslan for blaming individuals rather than Islam as a whole for violence in the Muslim world, calling his approach "post-modernist nonsense."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>Aslan and his ex-fiancée, journalist Amanda Fortini, ended their <a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">engagement</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married entrepreneur and author <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Jackley" title="Jessica Jackley">Jessica Jackley</a>, a Christian, in 2011, forming an <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_marriage" title="Interfaith marriage">interfaith family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His aunt is the Iranian-American pop singer <a href="/wiki/Leila_Forouhar" title="Leila Forouhar">Leila Forouhar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aslan is a fan of the professional <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">football</a> team the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Raiders" title="Las Vegas Raiders">Las Vegas Raiders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> <ul><li>2014 Intersections Honoree, Intersections International<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 Media Bridge-Builder Award, Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding<sup id="cite_ref-Tenanbaum_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tenanbaum-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 Peter J. Gomes Memorial Honor, Harvard Divinity School<sup id="cite_ref-PJGHBS_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PJGHBS-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 East–West Media Award, The Levantine Center<sup id="cite_ref-EastWest_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EastWest-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <ul><li>"The Struggle for Islam's Soul", in Will Marshall (ed.), <i>With All Our Might: A Progressive Strategy for Defeating Jihadism and Defending Liberty</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.</a>, 2006.</li> <li>"Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in the Age of Globalization", Penguin Random House, 2010.</li> <li>"From Here to Mullahcracy", in <a href="/wiki/Lila_Azam_Zanganeh" title="Lila Azam Zanganeh">Lila Azam Zanganeh</a> (ed.), <i>My Sister, Guard Your Veil; My Brother, Guard Your Eyes: Uncensored Iranian Voices</i>, <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">Beacon Press</a>, 2006.</li> <li>"Losing the War", in Gilbert H. Muller (ed.), <i>The New World Reader</i>, CUNY Press, 2010.</li> <li><i>How to Win a Cosmic War</i>, published in paperback as <i>Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in a Globalized Age</i>, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 2010.</li> <li><i>Tablet & Pen: Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East</i> (editor), <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a>, 2011.</li> <li><i>Muslims and Jews in America: Commonalities, Contentions, and Complexities</i> (co-editor), <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 2011.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zealot:_The_Life_and_Times_of_Jesus_of_Nazareth" title="Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth">Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 2013.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_god_but_God:_The_Origins,_Evolution,_and_Future_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam">No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Books for Young Readers</a>, 2012.</li> <li><i>God: A Human History</i>, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 2017.</li> <li><i>A Kid's Book About Israel and Palestine</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://akidsco.com/products/a-kids-book-about-israel-palestine?_pos=1&_sid=64dd237b5&_ss=r">A Kids Co.</a>, 2024.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.sa.ucsb.edu/catalog/Current/CollegesDepartments/ls-intro/soc.aspx?DeptTab=Graduate">"UC Santa Barbara General Catalog - Sociology"</a>. <i>my.sa.ucsb.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Statesman&rft.atitle=Varanasi+as+%27city+of+dead%27+in+%27Believer+With+Reza+Aslan%27+sparks+row&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestatesman.com%2Fentertainment%2Fvaranasi-as-city-of-dead-in-believer-with-reza-aslan-sparks-row-1488798138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huffingtonpost.com-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-huffingtonpost.com_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huffingtonpost.com_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/misleading-and-sensational-cnns-believer-pilot_us_58bdff16e4b0aeb52475fe7f">"Misleading And Sensational, CNN's 'Believer' Pilot Amounts To 'Fake News'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>. March 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Misleading+And+Sensational%2C+CNN%27s+%27Believer%27+Pilot+Amounts+To+%27Fake+News%27&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fmisleading-and-sensational-cnns-believer-pilot_us_58bdff16e4b0aeb52475fe7f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafi2017" class="citation news cs1">Safi, Michael (March 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/10/reza-aslan-criticised-for-documentary-on-cannibalistic-hindus">"Reza Aslan outrages Hindus by eating human brains in CNN documentary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Reza+Aslan+outrages+Hindus+by+eating+human+brains+in+CNN+documentary&rft.date=2017-03-11&rft.aulast=Safi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fmar%2F10%2Freza-aslan-criticised-for-documentary-on-cannibalistic-hindus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiafacts.org/reza-aslans-believer-exhibit-unconcealed-hinduphobia/">"Reza Aslan's 'Believer'—An Exhibit of Unconcealed Hinduphobia"</a>. March 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reza+Aslan%27s+%27Believer%27%E2%80%94An+Exhibit+of+Unconcealed+Hinduphobia&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiafacts.org%2Freza-aslans-believer-exhibit-unconcealed-hinduphobia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2017" class="citation news cs1">George, Varghese K. (March 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/hindu-groups-ro-khanna-object-to-cnn-docus-negative-portrayal-of-religion/article17418368.ece">"Hindu groups, Ro Khanna object to CNN docu's negative portrayal of religion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Hindu+groups%2C+Ro+Khanna+object+to+CNN+docu%27s+negative+portrayal+of+religion&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Varghese+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fhindu-groups-ro-khanna-object-to-cnn-docus-negative-portrayal-of-religion%2Farticle17418368.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StelterCNN06092017-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StelterCNN06092017_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stelter, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/09/media/cnn-reza-aslan-decision/index.html">CNN cancels Reza Aslan's show "Believer" after profane anti-Trump tweets</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>, June 9, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAslan" class="citation web cs1">Aslan, Reza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/1815976328648738/1868651036714600">"Comment on Believer's episode about the Aghors in India"</a>. <i>facebook.com</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/rezaaslanofficial/posts/1868651036714600">the original</a></span> on February 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=facebook.com&rft.atitle=Comment+on+Believer%27s+episode+about+the+Aghors+in+India&rft.aulast=Aslan&rft.aufirst=Reza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Frezaaslanofficial%2Fposts%2F1868651036714600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maximumfun.org/dead-pilots-society/episode-16-allah-family-written-reza-aslan-andrew-reich">"Episode 16 - Allah in the Family written by Reza Aslan & Andrew Reich | Maximum Fun"</a>. <i>www.maximumfun.org</i>. September 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maximumfun.org&rft.atitle=Episode+16+-+Allah+in+the+Family+written+by+Reza+Aslan+%26+Andrew+Reich+%7C+Maximum+Fun&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maximumfun.org%2Fdead-pilots-society%2Fepisode-16-allah-family-written-reza-aslan-andrew-reich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaitlin_Yilek2017" class="citation web cs1">Caitlin Yilek (June 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cnn-host-calls-trump-a-piece-of-s-t-after-london-attack/article/2624900">"CNN host calls Trump 'a piece of s-t' after London attack"</a>. Washingtonexaminer.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNN+host+calls+Trump+%27a+piece+of+s-t%27+after+London+attack&rft.pub=Washingtonexaminer.com&rft.date=2017-06-04&rft.au=Caitlin+Yilek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fcnn-host-calls-trump-a-piece-of-s-t-after-london-attack%2Farticle%2F2624900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/tv/bigideas/stories/2010/06/01/2913953.htm">"Reza Aslan: Terrorism and How to Win a Cosmic War - Politics - Browse - Big Ideas - ABC TV"</a>. Abc.net.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reza+Aslan%3A+Terrorism+and+How+to+Win+a+Cosmic+War+-+Politics+-+Browse+-+Big+Ideas+-+ABC+TV&rft.pub=Abc.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftv%2Fbigideas%2Fstories%2F2010%2F06%2F01%2F2913953.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fox_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fox_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fox_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fox_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/30/business/media/odd-fox-news-interview-lifts-reza-aslans-biography-on-jesus.html?_r=0">"Odd Fox News Interview Lifts Reza Aslan's Biography on Jesus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Odd+Fox+News+Interview+Lifts+Reza+Aslan%27s+Biography+on+Jesus&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F30%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fodd-fox-news-interview-lifts-reza-aslans-biography-on-jesus.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoxInterviewAslan-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FoxInterviewAslan_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.foxnews.com/v/2568059649001/zealot-author-reza-aslan-responds-to-critics/?#sp=show-clips">Fox News: "'Zealot' author Reza Aslan responds to critics"</a> Lauren Green interview of Reza Aslan on July 26, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lat-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lat_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lat_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/showtracker/la-et-st-fox-news-reza-aslan-interview-lauren-green-jesus-20130729,0,5756316.story">"Fox News interview with religion scholar Reza Aslan goes viral"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, July 29, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/bestsellers/books/ref=sr_bs_1">"Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books"</a>. <i>amazon.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amazon.com&rft.atitle=Amazon+Best+Sellers%3A+Best+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fbestsellers%2Fbooks%2Fref%3Dsr_bs_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2013" class="citation news cs1">Graham, David A. (July 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/07/is-muslim-academic-reza-aslan-more-biased-than-a-christian-scholar/278175/">"Is Muslim Academic Reza Aslan More Biased Than a Christian Scholar?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. The Atlantic Monthly Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2015</span>. <q>Aslan may not have a graduate degree in history, but he does have a PhD and an M.T.S. that bear on the topic at hand. He has also published extensively on religion. Arguing he's somehow not a scholar, as John S. Dickerson did, isn't credible.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Is+Muslim+Academic+Reza+Aslan+More+Biased+Than+a+Christian+Scholar%3F&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fnational%2Farchive%2F2013%2F07%2Fis-muslim-academic-reza-aslan-more-biased-than-a-christian-scholar%2F278175%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WP_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/reza-aslan-a-jesus-scholar-whos-hard-to-pin-down/2013/08/08/2b6eee80-002b-11e3-9a3e-916de805f65d_story.html">"Reza Aslan: A Jesus scholar who's hard to pin down"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Reza+Aslan%3A+A+Jesus+scholar+who%27s+hard+to+pin+down&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Freza-aslan-a-jesus-scholar-whos-hard-to-pin-down%2F2013%2F08%2F08%2F2b6eee80-002b-11e3-9a3e-916de805f65d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philly-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Philly_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerakhshani2013" class="citation news cs1">Derakhshani, Tirdad (July 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926213253/http://articles.philly.com/2013-09-18/entertainment/42151956_1_mediterranean-jewish-peasant-jesus-reza-aslan">"Reza Aslan's 'Zealot': Muslim's book about Jesus stirs things up"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2014</span>. <q>He also pointed out the U.S.'s own hypocrisy in calling out ISIS for its brutality while partnering with Saudi Arabia: "Look, Saudi Arabia is one of the most, if not the most, extremist countries in the world. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Reza+Aslan+and+Jessica+Jackley%3A+A+Muslim+and+Christian+Interfaith+Family&rft.date=2013-09-28&rft.aulast=Katz+Miller&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fsusan-katz-miller%2Freza-aslan-and-jessica-ja_b_3671342.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mom.com/kids/40132-reza-aslan-fatherhood-questionnaire">"Reza Aslan: The Fatherhood Questionnaire"</a>. <i>Mom.com</i>. March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Islam%27s+pulse+in+the+US&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.aulast=Hamad+Ali&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fislam-s-pulse-in-the-us-1.837480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFrezaaslan2017" class="citation web cs1">@rezaaslan (February 5, 2017). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/rezaaslan/status/828353688448094209">"Register"</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Register&rft.date=2017-02-05&rft.au=rezaaslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Frezaaslan%2Fstatus%2F828353688448094209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intersectionsinternational.org/2014awardscelebration">"2014 Awards Celebration"</a>. Intersections International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Awards+Celebration&rft.pub=Intersections+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intersectionsinternational.org%2F2014awardscelebration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tenanbaum-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tenanbaum_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tanenbaum.org/events/award-ceremony">"Annual Award Ceremony 2013"</a>. Tenanbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Award+Ceremony+2013&rft.pub=Tenanbaum+Center+for+Interreligious+Understanding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tanenbaum.org%2Fevents%2Faward-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PJGHBS-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PJGHBS_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hds.harvard.edu/news/2013/03/06hds-alumnialumnae-council-announces-inaugural-gomes-honors-recipients">"HDS Alumni/Alumnae Council Announces Inaugural Gomes Honors Recipients"</a>. Harvard Divinity School. March 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+East-West+Awards+Celebrate+Visions+of+Cultural+Diplomacy&rft.pub=Levantine+Cultural+Center&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levantinecenter.org%2Fevent%2F2012-east-west-awards-celebrate-visions-cultural-diplomacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://28d0so13ppai3ijpls45gl2s4gb.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Scholars-Statement-on-Iran-Deal.pdf">"The Nuclear Agreement with Iran: A Plus for Regional Stability"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nuclear+Agreement+with+Iran%3A+A+Plus+for+Regional+Stability&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F28d0so13ppai3ijpls45gl2s4gb.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2FScholars-Statement-on-Iran-Deal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReza+Aslan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Reza Aslan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reza_Aslan" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Reza Aslan">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Reza_Aslan" class="extiw" title="q:Reza Aslan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298313" class="extiw" title="d:Q2298313">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rezaaslan.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298313#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1892643/">Reza Aslan</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1014604">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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