CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913409593c9aa042',cH: 'J10X_jA9IguRHkrKZ1VopbgPzpg8tuSc_vUlnBk9sQk-1739777053-1.2.1.1-UkncaDP1ZQm6uTdSORglAW.pl76ZKYYtfr2R2pEcexhEN_islzdfPwoagCtleF5s',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Farghal&__cf_chl_tk=4d3vmRuTAXRw12NbBOG6dQ6e5Ui8tJagheMWu_zm3dc-1739777053-1.0.1.1-5.LrH2QPxDbcYJDuhPwDLI0IepFMbc7kC3EUARfxhZ8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777053',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Farghal&__cf_chl_f_tk=4d3vmRuTAXRw12NbBOG6dQ6e5Ui8tJagheMWu_zm3dc-1739777053-1.0.1.1-5.LrH2QPxDbcYJDuhPwDLI0IepFMbc7kC3EUARfxhZ8",md: "UnAZLF0VIcz9kbubtrMIkEEiVjg.XvC0FD7aykBhQ38-1739777053-1.2.1.1-.PdCRQu3SHkFCfKZ33fCI5nye2gzxoMKlm1e.nm1Lsk7iWNEq0tOWnMXqGD.TFYbLl93MYJYXMgNaXRYSoyaA6uZyEcCHdr5g7s8.BNfbnOJ6zGjzpujr2nvRLCVf7NqXEp7wLIcloQLQ6DuR5.d_vblqgcsbLiFLDabvTh5EoKj74wrgsk9H.GKQlR0kfqwf4ZJ_voURaDW5_eJRKXsmA.5HSwEHH5Ke.3oBKhrI7QvWPnPBnOtYupglHJuXG3dklDhHSaBmamBanypy921LWJzASBJXIWOns9tdxbM1VxQzAP.pi3VeMvJJX9yi1ToeAWHNNEYy5ewNtv7bDN7klW3aWslGz_sEpkAlFEAS9aiNcJzmj3ygtj6f41OMqAPqUxoZ23NaEt_dON2avi98grz4AMAmqZyRhbe2pXu7sDPmHEncm0OAe0W4R16zelRltRthFrsN0nGawkDhLGVn8ayzqbWvR5plAFlO8mnBC7PJm4YgrG_wXniF_SMttZ1DZy0.F8ZkbQHPAHP0lBNPeOVZvo._h5unlB3BLmgV0rmB_uVpBFItZcEcH2Z1GJFgOTPLwhB5wgAXz84GKAZ.0RxfWB5KqPjqGQooWy8ZkX499CnKm53q3FRnTj1Cy8VzpsPcgvscoCwbLq4XQ0G4T81_SptStDjBVp3iKWEsg2wvuatG20.Xw6CLjgsm3SXH.MdKQ4OESZ2jZ7ynykLbxtFxkws5t2ewW0qdOkOzAokNiIuq0LDMEndhxnmEpS62g.R_PjFCjbyhB6bPxGr_D6hdQMrVuF6EAx0RiApSU1UU8eThl1wi1tpligcScs6I.pMoN1HxU7SjbN.QnRGs3e9GDWX33dSKtVAVJsF.MaoJyAjCk9GJvsteluxarF9sg9D5Psv5XS3eyQmynauBOG4gZqOradhsKE5C_4RiBogizUYCxVDcwqlEfNX7P5zKA5emBQqDqmePW4ZR48cIe1biPByYaRYp.lWO508Dw3utSV_mVDuvmWVs26hl6Tb4HLaxDIjSw7zR2U1vF1Ip7itmW6_JbDkReCMaJqjwjJfyzD0kOi1.dZgkA8yB.jdu5BaY.UY0V343rMqQWKEU1IXbQhfBsSj86qpyVliZq.SWh01C7T_pTodFB.LQdKTwyEerVMIPmbOgJxF.mvONUOcaA94hJrCR1G8xEQ0cyKnm6qEF9AkLbKQKpeHuwR5KfxCsvLBR8kFt_mYCLBbQy3ckuFLzO_L9wni93JJYXnmnsqtL.zu59KWDbxwzfMI.msJnpO9NADvwLl3WgW2dwkbjANe22hHR5RygOaS8BmuGx2x96BA4.gh8fk3_7hoRE1f8I8qv5vBLrkoP.EPxo9BjmXMrWip8C3qbKWtuGusK.fVSh_dZJOGlhf_thlFsT51MV5ESCe3.qerim9Ga7KXdvJ_A4q9SpsvW1MMBjUBdwlLLKvOZ5w4ZSBEYUxUIczmmKoGybn3RoTSors7r5FixT9gqGWUXMSdam9Gx3YwO0AL08UkH1jKZ7uDtJnDBDNbvqgXVW8c4nDGcT1i4o5CedzglJ50yKc9X5tsAd.wLC.20sNe4CYGOk5Qwoa4ECUqm4qtQKJTlLp76KAbL0KcgzDYFT3fEwxOz1G_6aSKQCmlnWZiyy.J8PHJsmA5S1m7sWxm4kUR8e3CB5qCGyqVH7VrbOQtHVv_yGNBX6_s5gSmi2O5qdWEWVgYkHhnz.6ffdxt8A0hyTM03DVz0j0uR_3BTlYjhgbQWvzu9KLtLNUzKpxZrl._2j4kDsm4PsJSdlT4e.eveFr1p9uER_qKgCoZG.MK8w5P0_VkgunZsZ2wzyX5wDgZATGLETArsXYKTj.ykqXZPT48Ntq5VMUNTtAeEEEZK211zETVC5_WwlF_TzTfI1rZ3hbMoi4TCo66ypMZ7xNouWqLZfYozl9XZM8NNkdfGfOVsMb42AY",mdrd: "KZs8pLMatcf1RSoemWHYz0a6CmjTX5bV1ukRz8RtAy4-1739777053-1.2.1.1-rsw3623L3ArwZk7E4rn3V_i3t5hS2ioeaxBLgL4V.YN9cr5mBKDKbVDnyOmGqh1GaXdbNrQ3IjJOtTok4EbCnUtt2brloH63eS.YOp3rdgMlaTuDAoGtqpuLL9MGHWlTc6wzQGpIrGiIz0Yxnp8wGvyrtCyifdiC8OpZUl0UQiUsaHk01oy5OODEgAyjpiUXgPh11YzeKNIJDc1ArAaYoUcVpV0LxVdL.bTCLsT5llz2AV41nz_7YIj6ESg4.nFdWqEJ5cnIYg6BVgpLgKz.CCPjXZ9U54VU6BMkjmQGOiLPXaQjiZSvRmPmAfgyXK5SAXCzBD3q6BCdnzGR8D.Na19zRNrS594CixK2_UFGDVoKJRUEblK8FXTaEbtg9ywQZyGJnpW33YsACS.JxFvVTMvokwj6uqTdkV2jIzPUQjdhWI0fHh5B_eTLbvnizfb2U.HQDhb7JvMtCILcdstfXQnU5Aj5WUoSZrxPp3QWSPh3_bluziXl.2Jrgdemw32TFIBd6btAFPITOyXCz6U_Uh_XnG9lmO7WvVdAn9k6kL6Grf5AW.Gb86P180uMDEqVcv1EIN1RQ94FFpA.1K8MeJcpFRevcdjYgfik3XWTKZpw2FyZUH0VGU5DQg6SV0zvInI1fgE08hARGwBKm__UfsiDj2wRHJRh61HLZ0hqE1upNcjn9gGWWzvG3iuGXmKNS.IWXuMNsOuy0UDkwtbWy8Q6Yu4elMdb4fg9fCMZOxAyElUnPT9UrA2m248dh8Gh.by16WEDeKhmsyH8dhYCdMyV6aFd83Vm3DE1IEJt.YTaD1dgJsWG02Bbr2Hg_I0RjObxlcBWloeWcVU6Cg4qTwoD6uOe4GEPWbT_zo01VF.3jM8XvmnGAABlWKNp7TouVx3sOsFSbuRwsxxLFRURC3UrZWz0AZKINuLXIz7x1hgzBZhVlY5pIkKVTrOSH5fln5mp8Pp_vHzr2d.FfNabeQOeh9M8um00cIMsarAJdnqNydEiezdr8nXsJAQb1eR6Us_w.BaekxYtrrytPTWT0PV5rBMwb50nNHmNZHbJTy0bfeHwmSbzmGjzancPOjx5GL11y1qHLOyVxQFV8WnttMmuAcE3jlgc4EXcjXa0Bz.aff9H9kiZAnzCJ6WlSR7D2WakixQ28yKhmxlPm5KpUTd8kBaybBL6zWEZKKsPvVCRcpLFrwbDURh2lhbksa9zrSvfrhJmfWZmvRoXMTGG.AmuzctfFOYl0COBnURNMhFDFF2AGJKg.z7Y6xvwivPqVyfl1W6gy2XYfPo3uujdh7KwWqKeLujl8leNSqSVhG5XFB17AKD8Gb5th.nxavnnaAhB.KM1sz_ZeT7Kfn1BWHDwRlmPWYnH9pmcHpmp6vkPq1yriYrlprLzHjsw3Fix8iLa_gt68Ix7uUA98L0bBG2HT8gqPZmq2xGSYTSRvyjdizR2oJem28EFoQnrgs6NrK44j2fmmV1gGKAs_rxAU7t0bP3sz2IusokcaFacDNPl9BXLVSZozsQKHFT2LRzZmoDWZFnJXjmJL7gdc9MuZp32MxQcjwLQ8AeyTDugRossFxOzbjoTBQoHJbcsQB.7EjljMAcdCeDbzZP9lmqEUJyrWcKK7lDoef0hZ.vGHMzoazRJDyvCpP5vMtebdq1kVphiYVPmg0Ax8PBofr2c5QJAvN8Gir4dT2.hn65SEVQhfNzfdkzRTw5LMQoEangdfgLuHDsc92OgIfpyq3unTNEjV6xVaGRbfsLeNmbA7QeJC3d7OfmnCqbLt.IuAFpsuaa0EOC.F0TPUETRm1vUGnnU_NoXyfStiKCi1iDBoJRNT8MDS.MALikLW6csKnWnDzrwEgrjl8_QGtbWPw.C3.1LWKwJLMSGIFw0SBoULFAFEWML7_t3mTDJtvMZIO_sLkdhlDoKAO6uX7OHyparHidqA91euT9qzIclJT9Q.O9SZJLZqxmdLlScTq.mjckh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913409593c9aa042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Omar%20A.%20Farghal&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4d3vmRuTAXRw12NbBOG6dQ6e5Ui8tJagheMWu_zm3dc-1739777053-1.0.1.1-5.LrH2QPxDbcYJDuhPwDLI0IepFMbc7kC3EUARfxhZ8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>