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A well-known convenient way to fix any phonetic phenomenon using certain symbols is transcription. The current paper aims at showing the model of predicting allophones by coordinating a number of factors that determine the choice of a particular allophone and visualizing the result changing certain letters into corresponding IPA symbols. Free Pascal compiler and Geany editor are used for programming purposes. The model is created for American English. It is tested for tap and glottal burst, the latter being one of the three glottalization patterns. The difference of the combination of factors for purely linguistic analysis and for computer programming is explained. We demonstrate (i) the framework for integrating separate blocks each dealing with one phenomenon (ii) a block for tapping which is almost finalized and a part of a block on glottalization, particularly patterns for glottal burst.</div> <br /> </div> <div id="articleSubject"> <h4>Keywords</h4> <br /> <div>Transcription; Tap; Glottalization; Computer Modeling; Free Pascal</div> <br /> </div> <div id="articleCitations"> <h4>References</h4> <br /> <div><p>S. Greenberg, H. Carvey, L. Hitchcock, and S. Chang, “Beyond the Phoneme: A Juncture-Accent Model of Spoken language,”. Proc. of the Human Language Technology Conf. (HLT – 2002), pp. 36–43, San Diego, California, 2002. </p> <p>P. Boersma and D. Weenink,. “Praat: Doing phonetics by computer,” (Version 5.4.15) [Computer Program]. Retrieved November 30, 2015, from <http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/>. </p> <p> W. Wolfram and R. Johnson, Phonological Analysis. Focus on American English, Washington D. C. : Prentice Hall Regents, 1982, pp. 19–20. </p> <p> G. F. Orion, Pronouncing American English. Sounds, Stress and Intonation, New York, 1985, p. 199. </p> <p>C. Mills, American Grammar. Sound, Form and Meaning, New York, 1990, p. 119. </p> <p>J. Laver, Principles of Phonetics, New York : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994, p. 218. </p> <p>Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics. 7th ed., The Ohio State University, 1998. </p> <p>W. Herd, A. Jongman, and J. Sereno, “An acoustic and perceptual analysis of /t/ and /d/ flaps in American English,” J. Phonetics, vol. 38, pp. 504–516, 2010. </p> <p>M. K. Huffman, “Segmental and Prosodic Effects on Coda Glottalization,” J. Phonetics, vol. 33 (3), pp. 335–362, 2005. </p> <p>J. M. Broadbent, “t-to-r in West Yorkshire English,” English language and linguistics, vol. 12 (1), pp. 141–168, 2008. </p> <p> N. Warner, A. Fountain, and B. V. Tucker, “Cues to Perception of Reduced Flaps,” JASA, vol. 125 (5), pp. 3317–3327, 2009. </p> <p>S. V. Androsova, “Allofonnoe var'irovanie soglasnyh fonem v spontannoj rechi (jeksperimental'no-foneticheskoe issledovanie na materiale amerikanskogo varianta anglijskogo jazyka) [Allophonic variation of consonants in spontaneous speech (experimental study based on American English)],” PhD Dis. St.-Petersburg State University, Blagoveshhensk, 2001. </p> <p>J. R. Firth, Papers in Linguistic 1934–1951, London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1957, p. 124. </p> <p> A. Cruttenden, Gimson's pronunciation of English, Edward Arnold Limited, 2001, p. 168. </p> <p> J. Laver, Principles of Phonetics, New York : Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994, p. 171. </p> <p>P. A Ladefoged, “Course of Phonetics,” 2nd ed. Singapore: Cengage Learning, 2006, p. 60. </p> <p>Free Pascal. URL: http://www.freepascal.org</p> <p>S. V. Androsova and E. Yu. Androsov, “Automatic transcription of taps in American English,” Proc. of the 2nd International Conference "Phonetics without borders" [ed. by S. Androsova]. Amur State University. Blagoveshchensk, pp. 10–16, 2015. </p> <p> K. Malcolm, Phasal Analysis: Analyzing Discourse through Communication Linguistics, New York, 2010. </p> <p>F. Cox, Australian English pronunciation and transcription, Cambridge University Press, 2012. </p> <p>A. H. Fabricius, “T-glottaling. Between Stigma and Prestige: A Sociolinguistic Study of Modern RP,”. Copenhagen, 2000. </p> <p>J. C. Wells, Accents of English, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1982. </p> <p>S. V. Androsova, V. G. Karavaeva, “Odnoudarnyje allofony v amerikanskom i britanskom variantah anglijskogo jazyka [Flaps / taps in American and British English],” Teoreticheskaja i prikladnaja lingvistika [Theoretical and Applied linguistics], vol. 1(2), pp. 5–20, 2015. </p> </div> <br /> </div> Full Text: <a href="http://it-in-industry.com/issue/archive/papers/50.html" class="file" target="_parent">PDF</a> <div class="separator"></div> <h3>Refbacks</h3> <ul class="plain"> <li>There are currently no refbacks.</li> </ul> <br /><br /> <a target="_new" rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> <img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/80x15.png"/> </a> <br/> This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" target="_new" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>. <br /><br /> <p><img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Innovation.jpg" alt="IT in Innovation" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Business.jpg" alt="IT in Business" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Engineering.jpg" alt="IT in Engineering" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Health.jpg" alt="IT in Health" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Science.jpg" alt="IT in Science" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Design.jpg" alt="IT in Design" width="207" height="46" /> <img src="index_files/blocks_A1_Fashion.jpg" alt="IT in Fashion" width="207" height="46" /></p> IT in Industry <a href="http://www.it-in-industry.org">http://www.it-in-industry.org</a> ISSN (Online): 2203-1731; ISSN (Print): 2204-0595 <br /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>