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<span>The battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Saint-Cast" title="Schlacht bei Saint-Cast – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Saint-Cast" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Saint-Cast" title="Batalla de Saint-Cast – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Saint-Cast" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Saint-Cast" title="Bataille de Saint-Cast – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Saint-Cast" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="생 카스 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생 카스 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="サン＝カスの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サン＝カスの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Saint_Cast" title="Slaget ved Saint Cast – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Saint Cast" 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint_Cast&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saint Cast">Battle of Saint Cast</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1758 battle of the Seven Years' War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Saint-Cast</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coastal view with ships, and troops moving ashore against those on land. Much gunsmoke." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg/300px-Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg/450px-Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg/600px-Bataille_de_Saint_Cast_1758_par_Ozanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="748" /></a></span><br />Engraving by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Ozanne" title="Nicolas Ozanne">Nicolas Ozanne</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 September 1758</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cast-le-Guildo" title="Saint-Cast-le-Guildo">Saint-Cast</a>, France</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&params=48.6300_N_2.2567_W_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°37′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°15′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.6300°N 2.2567°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.6300; -2.2567</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bligh" title="Thomas Bligh">Thomas Bligh</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dury" title="Alexander Dury">Alexander Dury</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">George Anson</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Howe">Richard Howe</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel-Armand_de_Richelieu,_duc_d%27Aiguillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon">Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 10,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 8,000–9,000 soldiers and militiamen<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2,300 killed or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 800 prisoners<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 300</td></tr></tbody></table><div 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Years' War: European"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_Years&#039;_War:European_theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War"><span class="wrap">Seven Years' War</span></a>:<br />European theatre</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Bohemia and Moravia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lobositz" title="Battle of Lobositz">Lobositz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reichenberg" title="Battle of Reichenberg">Reichenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Alt-Bunzlau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Alt-Bunzlau (page does not exist)">Alt-Bunzlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prague_(1757)" title="Battle of Prague (1757)">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Prague" title="Siege of Prague">Siege of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kol%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Kolín">Kolín</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Gabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Gabel (page does not exist)">Gabel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Holitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Holitz (page does not exist)">Holitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Domstadtl" title="Battle of Domstadtl">Domstadtl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Olomouc" title="Siege of Olomouc">Olomouc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peterswalde" title="Battle of Peterswalde">Prussian Bohemia Incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Teplitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Teplitz (page does not exist)">Teplitz</a></li></ul> <p><b>Westphalia, Hesse and Lower Saxony</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geldern" title="Siege of Geldern">Geldern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastenbeck" title="Battle of Hastenbeck">Hastenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rheinberg" title="Battle of Rheinberg">Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krefeld" title="Battle of Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Sandershausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Sandershausen (page does not exist)">Sandershausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Meer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Meer (page does not exist)">Meer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lutterberg_(1758)" title="Battle of Lutterberg (1758)">Lutterberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bergen_(1759)" title="Battle of Bergen (1759)">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_M%C3%BCnster_(1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Münster (1759) (page does not exist)">1st Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Minden" title="Battle of Minden">Minden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fulda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Fulda (page does not exist)">Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Siege_of_M%C3%BCnster_(1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Siege of Münster (1759) (page does not exist)">2nd Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corbach" title="Battle of Corbach">Corbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emsdorf" title="Battle of Emsdorf">Emsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warburg" title="Battle of Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kloster_Kampen" title="Battle of Kloster Kampen">Kloster Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Langensalza_(1761)" title="Battle of Langensalza (1761)">Langensalza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cassel_(1761)" title="Siege of Cassel (1761)">1st Cassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Battle of Grünberg">Grünberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villinghausen" title="Battle of Villinghausen">Villinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%96lper_(1761)" title="Battle of Ölper (1761)">Ölper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilhelmsthal" title="Battle of Wilhelmsthal">Wilhelmsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lutterberg_(1762)" title="Battle of Lutterberg (1762)">Lutterberg (1762)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauheim" title="Battle of Nauheim">Nauheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Am%C3%B6neburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Amöneburg (page does not exist)">Amöneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cassel_(1762)" title="Siege of Cassel (1762)">Cassel (1762)</a></li></ul> <p><b>Electoral Saxony</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pirna" title="Siege of Pirna">Pirna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rossbach" title="Battle of Rossbach">Rossbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Sonnenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Sonnenstein (page does not exist)">Sonnenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hochkirch" title="Battle of Hochkirch">Hochkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Torgau_(14_August_1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Torgau (14 August 1759) (page does not exist)">Torgau (siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Wittenberg_(1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Wittenberg (1759) (page does not exist)">Wittenberg (1759)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Torgau_(30_August_1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Torgau (30 August 1759) (page does not exist)">Torgau (2nd siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Dresden_(1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Dresden (1759) (page does not exist)">Dresden (surrender)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Torgau_(1759)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Torgau (1759) (page does not exist)">Torgau (1759)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Korbitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Korbitz (page does not exist)">Korbitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hoyerswerda" title="Battle of Hoyerswerda">Hoyerswerda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Sackwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Sackwitz (page does not exist)">Sackwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maxen" title="Battle of Maxen">Maxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meissen" title="Battle of Meissen">Meissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dresden" title="Siege of Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Strehla" title="Battle of Strehla">Strehla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Torgau_(1760)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Torgau (1760) (page does not exist)">Torgau (3rd siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Wittenberg_(1760)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Wittenberg (1760) (page does not exist)">Wittenberg (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torgau" title="Battle of Torgau">Torgau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_D%C3%B6beln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Döbeln (page does not exist)">Döbeln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hilbersdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hilbersdorf (page does not exist)">Hilbersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Erbisdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Erbisdorf (page does not exist)">Erbisdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Freiberg" title="Battle of Freiberg">Freiberg</a></li></ul> <p><b>Brandenburg</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1757_raid_on_Berlin" title="1757 raid on Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_K%C3%BCstrin" title="Siege of Küstrin">Küstrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zorndorf" title="Battle of Zorndorf">Zorndorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kay" title="Battle of Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunersdorf" title="Battle of Kunersdorf">Kunersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Berlin" title="Raid on Berlin">Berlin (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gostyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gostyn (page does not exist)">Gostyn</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_War" title="Third Silesian War">Silesia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moys" title="Battle of Moys">Moys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Schweidnitz_(1757)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Schweidnitz (1757) (page does not exist)">1st Schweidnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breslau_(1757)" title="Battle of Breslau (1757)">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen" title="Battle of Leuthen">Leuthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau_(1757)" title="Siege of Breslau (1757)">Breslau (1759 siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blockade_of_Liegnitz_(1757)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blockade of Liegnitz (1757) (page does not exist)">Liegnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Schweidnitz_(1758)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Schweidnitz (1758) (page does not exist)">2nd Schweidnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Cosel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Cosel (page does not exist)">Cosel (1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Neisse_(1758)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Neisse (1758) (page does not exist)">Neisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neustadt_(1760)" title="Battle of Neustadt (1760)">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landeshut_(1760)" title="Battle of Landeshut (1760)">Landeshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Glatz" title="Siege of Glatz">Glatz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Breslau_(1760)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Breslau (1760) (page does not exist)">Breslau (1760 siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liegnitz_(1760)" title="Battle of Liegnitz (1760)">Liegnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Cosel_(1760)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Cosel (1760) (page does not exist)">Cosel (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Schweidnitz_(1761)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Schweidnitz (1761) (page does not exist)">3rd Schweidnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Adelsbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Adelsbach (page does not exist)">Adelsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burkersdorf_(1762)" title="Battle of Burkersdorf (1762)">Burkersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reichenbach" title="Battle of Reichenbach">Reichenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schweidnitz_(1762)" title="Siege of Schweidnitz (1762)">4th Schweidnitz</a></li></ul> <p><b>East Prussia</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Memel_(1757)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Memel (1757) (page does not exist)">Memel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gross-J%C3%A4gersdorf" title="Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf">Gross-Jägersdorf</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_War" title="Pomeranian War">Pomerania</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Demmin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Demmin (page does not exist)">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Anklam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Anklam (page does not exist)">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Stralsund" title="Blockade of Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tornow" title="Battle of Tornow">Tornow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fehrbellin_(1758)" title="Battle of Fehrbellin (1758)">Fehrbellin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">Kolberg (1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCstow" title="Battle of Güstow">Güstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frisches_Haff" title="Battle of Frisches Haff">Frisches Haff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">Kolberg (1760)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pasewalk" title="Battle of Pasewalk">Pasewalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">Kolberg (1761)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuensund" title="Battle of Neuensund">Neuensund</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Green_Redoubt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Green Redoubt (page does not exist)">Green Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_G%C3%BClzow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gülzow (page does not exist)">Gülzow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gollnow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gollnow (page does not exist)">Gollnow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Spie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Spie (page does not exist)">Spie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neukalen" title="Battle of Neukalen">Neukalen</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_War" title="Fantastic War">Iberian Peninsula</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1762)" title="Siege of Almeida (1762)">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valencia_de_Alc%C3%A1ntara" title="Battle of Valencia de Alcántara">Valencia de Alcántara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Velha" title="Battle of Vila Velha">Vila Velha de Ródão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marv%C3%A3o" title="Battle of Marvão">Marvão</a></li></ul> <p><b>Naval Operations</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St_Philip_(1756)" title="Siege of Fort St Philip (1756)">Fort St Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca_(1756)" title="Battle of Minorca (1756)">Minorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Rochefort" title="Raid on Rochefort">Rochefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_(1758)" title="Battle of Cartagena (1758)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_29_April_1758" title="Action of 29 April 1758">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St_Malo" title="Raid on St Malo">St Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Cherbourg" title="Raid on Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Cast" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saint Cast">Saint Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_French_invasion_of_Britain_(1759)" title="Planned French invasion of Britain (1759)">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quiberon_Bay" title="Battle of Quiberon Bay">Quiberon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belle_%C3%8Ele" title="Capture of Belle Île">Belle Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1761" title="Action of 17 July 1761">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1761)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1761)">Cape Finisterre</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Saint-Cast</b> was a military engagement during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> on the French coast between British naval and land expeditionary forces and French coastal defence forces. Fought on 11 September 1758, it was won by the French. </p><p>During the Seven Years' War, Britain mounted numerous amphibious expeditions against France and French possessions around the world. In 1758 a number of expeditions, then called <i>descents</i>, were made against the northern coast of France. The military objectives of the descents were to capture and destroy French ports, divert French land forces from Germany, and suppress <a href="/wiki/Privateers" class="mw-redirect" title="Privateers">privateers</a> operating from the French coast. The battle of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cast-le-Guildo" title="Saint-Cast-le-Guildo">Saint-Cast</a> was the final engagement of a descent in force that ended in a French victory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The expedition contained sizable naval and land forces.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The naval forces were two squadrons consisting of: Admiral Anson's 22 <a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ships of the line">ships of the line</a> with 9 <a href="/wiki/Frigates" class="mw-redirect" title="Frigates">frigates</a> crewed by 15,500 men<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Commodore Howe's 1 ship of the line of 64 guns, 4 of 50 guns, 10 frigates, 5 <a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">sloops</a>, 2 fire-ships, 2 <a href="/wiki/Bomb_vessel" title="Bomb vessel">bomb ketches</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6,000 sailors, 6,000 marines, 100 transports, 20 tenders, 10 store-ships and 10 cutters with crews totaling some 5,000 merchant seamen. The land forces were four infantry brigades consisting of: the Guards Brigade made up of the 1st battalions of the <a href="/wiki/Grenadier_Guards" title="Grenadier Guards">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scots_Guards" title="Scots Guards">3rd</a> Foot Guards and three brigades made up of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Northumberland_Fusiliers" title="Royal Northumberland Fusiliers">5th</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Borderers" title="South Wales Borderers">24th</a>, <a href="/wiki/30th_(Cambridgeshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot">30th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington%27s_Regiment" title="Duke of Wellington's Regiment">33rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/34th_(Cumberland)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot">34th</a>, <a href="/wiki/36th_(Herefordshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot">36th</a>, <a href="/wiki/38th_(1st_Staffordshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot">38th</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 67th, 68th and 72nd<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regiments of Foot, as well as an artillery train of 60 cannon with 400 artillerymen<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a few hundred Light Dragoon cavalry, totaling over 10,000 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1stLordAnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1stLordAnson.jpg/120px-1stLordAnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1stLordAnson.jpg/180px-1stLordAnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1stLordAnson.jpg/240px-1stLordAnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Admiral Lord Anson</figcaption></figure> <p>Britain's naval forces were under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Lord_Anson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Anson">Lord Anson</a>, seconded by Commodore <a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Howe</a>. Britain's land forces were commanded by Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bligh" title="Thomas Bligh">Thomas Bligh</a>. Against this the French had numerous garrison troops and militia spread thinly over the northern coast of France that would have to be concentrated at whichever place the British landed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Initially the expedition met with considerable success capturing the port of <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Cherbourg" title="Raid on Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a>. The British destroyed the port, the docks and the ships harbored there, carrying off or destroying considerable war material and goods.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png/120px-R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png/180px-R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png/240px-R%C3%A9g_de_Penthi%C3%A8vre_1737.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Colors of the French Regiment Penthièvre</figcaption></figure><p>French troops from various places began moving on Cherbourg and the British expedition re-embarked to move against Saint Malo on 5 September but it was found to be too well defended. The weather now turned against the British as well and it was decided it would be safer to re-embark the land forces further west in the bay of Saint Cast near the small village of Saint-Cast and the towns of Le Guildo and <a href="/wiki/Matignon,_C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Matignon, Côtes-d'Armor">Matignon</a>. The fleet sailed ahead while the army marched overland on 7 September, engaging in skirmishes on the 7th, 8th and 9th. On 10 September the Coldstream Guards were sent ahead to Saint Cast to collect provisions and convoy them back to the army. Lieutenant-General Bligh with the army camped at Matignon some 3 miles from Saint-Cast.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Agen)_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu,_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/120px-%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/180px-%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/240px-%28Agen%29_Emmanuel-Amand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis-Richelieu%2C_duc_d%27Aiguillon_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4709" data-file-height="6099" /></a><figcaption>Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon</figcaption></figure> <p>During this time <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel-Armand_de_Richelieu,_duc_d%27Aiguillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon">Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon</a>, military commander of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, had gathered some 12<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regular line infantry battalions, including; <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_Royal_des_Vaisseaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Régiment Royal des Vaisseaux">Régiment Royal des Vaisseaux</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_Volontaires_%C3%89trangers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment Volontaires Étrangers (page does not exist)">Régiment Volontaires Étrangers</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Bourbon (page does not exist)">Régiment de Bourbon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Bresse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Bresse (page does not exist)">Régiment de Bresse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Quercy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Quercy (page does not exist)">Régiment de Quercy</a>, Régiment de Penthièvre, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Marmande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Marmande (page does not exist)">Régiment de Marmande</a>, from the garrison of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a> and a brigade of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regiment_de_Fontenay-le-Comte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regiment de Fontenay-le-Comte (page does not exist)">Regiment de Fontenay-le-Comte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Brie_(1684)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Brie (1684) (page does not exist)">Régiment de Brie</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9giment_de_Boulonnais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Régiment de Boulonnais (page does not exist)">Régiment de Boulonnais</a>; six squadrons of cavalry, some companies of coastal militia, and several artillery batteries. The French army amounting to 8,000 or 9,000 men, under the field command of Marquis d'Aubigné, was fast marching on Saint-Cast from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> by way of the town of <a href="/wiki/Lamballe" title="Lamballe">Lamballe</a> and from the town of <a href="/wiki/Dinan" title="Dinan">Dinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_battle">The battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bligh broke camp by 3:00 in the morning of the 11th and reached the beach at Saint-Cast before 9:00 but the embarcation went very slowly. The transports stood well off shore and the flat-bottomed landing boats used to carry some 70 men each<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were initially employed loading supplies, artillery, livestock and horses.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hardly any soldiers had embarked when the French appeared and began a cannonade of the beach.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg/220px-Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg/330px-Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg/440px-Disaster_in_the_Bay_of_St._Cas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>A landing boat sinks as the British retreat</figcaption></figure> <p>Bligh had formed the 1st Foot Guards and the grenadier companies of the line regiments into a rear guard of about 1500 men<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the command of the Guards Brigade commander, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dury_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Dury (British Army officer)">Major-General Dury</a>, to cover the withdrawal of the army from behind some dunes along the beach. A great deal of confusion and panic set in among the British in the hurry to get off the beach.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French forces moved down a covered way to the beach and deployed three brigades into line with a fourth in reserve. The five frigates and the bomb ketches tried to cover the British embarkation and their fire disordered and drove back the French line for a while. The French artillery batteries were well positioned on higher ground commanding the beach and the bay. They exchanged shots with the ships of the fleet, and sank three landing boats<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> full of soldiers; other landing boats were damaged on the beach.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the British troops remaining ashore were some 3,000, the French closed in. Under fire from the British fleet, the French advanced against the final British position led by a battalion of 300 men of combined grenadier companies<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a bayonet charge commanded by the Marquis de Cussi and Comte de Montaigu. The rear guard under Dury attempted a counter-attack in which he was fatally wounded and the 1st Foot Guards and line grenadiers broke and fled<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into the sea with 800 killed and over 700 taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French infantry pursued the stragglers into waist-deep water until the fleet ceased fire, at which point they attended to the British wounded, having suffered about 300 casualties themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the British continued such expeditions against French colonies and islands beyond the reach of the French land forces, this was the last attempt by an amphibious expedition in force against the coast of France during the Seven Years' War. The fiasco of the embarcation from Saint-Cast helped convince British Prime Minister Pitt to send instead military aid and troops to fight alongside Ferdinand and Frederick the Great on the continent of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negative potential for another disaster and expense of expeditions this size was considered to outweigh the temporary gain of the raids.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French had this to say about their own performance: </p><p><i>"Si les Bretons s'étaient couverts de gloire, le petit Duc (d'Aiguillon) s'était couvert de farine."</i> (If the Bretons were covered with glory, the little duke was covered with flour.) This refers to the location of the headquarters at the mill of Moulin d'Anne, where it is rumoured that the duke was entertained by the miller.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Great Britain in the Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="France in the Seven Years' War">France in the Seven Years' War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>"...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis..." (<a href="#CITEREFRipleyDana1879">Ripley & Dana 1879</a>, p. 250).</li> <li>On the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)" (<a href="#CITEREFVinkhuijzen_collection2011"><i>Vinkhuijzen collection</i> 2011</a>).</li> <li>"The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour" (<a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 460).</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47, " De trois mille hommes qui restaient encore à terre losque l'action commença, la moitié trouva la mort sur la champ de bataille, huit cents se noyèrent, sept cents furent faits prisonniers: pas seul ne rejoignit la flotte." – "Of 3000 men ashore at the start of the action.... half found their death on the battlefield, 800 drowned and 700 were taken prisoner: not a single one rejoined the fleet."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A soldier's journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain.</i>, London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p. 40, "are more valuable to some than the lives of eight hundred grenadiers."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Accounts vary of the number of prisoners from 400–800 including four named sea captains, the earliest French count mentioned in the <i>Origins and services of the Coldstream Guards</i> is 639 and Smollett in <i>History of England</i>, Vol III, p. 503 mentions that the French provide a list of the prisoners and mentions the four sea captains, as does Barrow in <i>Life of George, Lord Anson</i>, while other French accounts mention a very specific 732 prisoners which may be drawn from the list.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beatson" title="Robert Beatson">Robert Beatson</a>, <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, London, 1804, Appendix pp. 170, 176, 191, 193, returns for the year show that 10,000 men is over 20% of Britain's land forces and nearly the size of the Louisbourg expedition mounted that same year. Detailed lists of ships and regiments and commanders are given pp. 191–193. Montagu Burrows <i>Life of Edward, Lord Hawke</i>, London, 1883, p. 356 states there were "19,000 troops (including 6,000 marines) that formed the invading force." If the Hawke account is accurate then the size of this land force is equal to that of Louisbourg and represents 25% of Britain's total land forces in 1758.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Beatson, <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, London, 1804, Vol. III, p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrow, Sir John,<i>The Life of George, Lord Anson</i>, London, 1889, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore.</i>, London, 1758. Appendix lists casualties to the 38th Foot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most British regiments consisted of one battalion on campaign, interesting to note that the 67th, 68th and 72nd Regiments are all initially the second battalions of the 20th, 23rd (present at the first descent), and 33rd Regiments, respectively, renumbered at this time. Additionally the 34th's second battalion is the 73rd, and the 36th's is the 74th, not on this expedition. The Guards regiments all have second and third battalions elsewhere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Major Francis.<i>History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery</i>, London, 1879, Vol. 1, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatson, Robert. <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, Vol. II p. 165, Gives 14,000 for the 5 brigades at Isle of Wight at the start of the expedition, one brigade was sent to the continent before St. Cast.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Beatson, <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, London, 1804, Appendix p. 194, gives a minutely detailed inventory of the booty taken at Cherbourg which stands in stark contrast with the lack of detail about British losses prevalent throughout British sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatson, Robert. <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, Vol. II p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Beatson, <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, London, 1804, Vol. II, p. 179, Beatson gives slightly different numbers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Mackinnon, <i>Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards</i>, London 1883, Vol. 1, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Beatson, <i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, London, 1804, Vol. II, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A soldier's journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain.</i>, London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p. 39, "very few men were embarked when the French army appeared and...began to cannonade us."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Mackinnon, <i>Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards</i>, London 1883, Vol. 1, pp. 400 & 401 footnote containing a French account published in Paris 22 September 1758, 11 days after the battle gives 1900 left on beach.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A soldier's journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain.</i>, London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, pp. 39–40, "...every boat made to the first ship they could reach..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Mackinnon, <i>Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards</i>, London 1883, Vol. 1, p. 401, "Three boats full of their soldiers were sunk, many more killed in boats on their way to the fleet." and p. 400 "...this fire sank several boats."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lieutenant-General F.W.Hamilton, <i>Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards</i>, London, 1874, Vol. II. p. 165, "some got on board, but a battery knocked many of the boats to pieces..." stranding the remaining Guards at the end of the battle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.W. Fortescue,<i>A History of the British Army</i>, MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II. p. 344, "So many of the boats were destroyed that the sailors shrank from approaching the shore."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47. French battalions on average were much smaller than British battalions during the Seven Years' War with the French being around 300–500 and the British around 600–700. Beatson, p. 165, mentions that the 5th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 30th were all "completed to 700 men" in 1757. Beatson, p. 180 yields an average of 503 men for each of the 4 line battalions at Louisburg, including sick and wounded.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tobias Smollett, <i>History of England, The Revolution, Death of George the Second. Designed as a Continuation of Mr, Hume's History.</i>, Vol. III, London, 1848. p. 500, "...they fled in the utmost confusion...". <i>An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore.</i>, London, 1758. Appendix account: "...the English Guards gave way the Grenadiers soon followed..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.W. Fortescue,<i>A History of the British Army</i>, MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II. p. 345, According to Fortescue, of the 1400 men that he cites in the rear guard: "...750 officers and men were killed and wounded...the rest of the rear guard were taken prisoner."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, Fred. <i>Crucible of War</i>, New York, 2000, p. 303. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40642-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40642-5">0-375-40642-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackinnon, Daniel. <i>Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards</i>, London 1883, Vol. 1, p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47. Translates as: though the Bretons were covered with glory, the little duke was covered with flour.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Flag"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Flag">"Flag" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 454–463.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flag&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=454-463&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Saint-Cast" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americancyclopae07ripluoft#page/249/mode/1up">"Flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. Vol. 8. p. 250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flag&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.pages=250&rft.date=1879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famericancyclopae07ripluoft%23page%2F249%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Saint-Cast" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinkhuijzen_collection2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406164952/http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&total=98&pos=1&snum=&e=w">"The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms: France, 1750–1757"</a>. New York Public Library. 25 March 2011 [2004]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgdisplaylargemeta.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&imgs=12&total=98&pos=1&snum=">the original</a> on 6 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vinkhuijzen+collection+of+military+uniforms%3A+France%2C+1750%E2%80%931757&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalgallery.nypl.org%2Fnypldigital%2Fdgdisplaylargemeta.cfm%3FstrucID%3D585779%26imageID%3D1236061%26parent_id%3D585395%26word%3D%26s%3D%26notword%3D%26d%3D%26c%3D%26f%3D%26sScope%3D%26sLevel%3D%26sLabel%3D%26lword%3D%26lfield%3D%26num%3D0%26imgs%3D12%26total%3D98%26pos%3D1%26snum%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Saint-Cast" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A soldier's journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain.</i>, London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770. First hand account written by a private of the 68th Foot.</li> <li><i>A genuine narrative of the enterprise against the stores and shipping at St. Maloes, from the letters of a person of distinction in the service ...</i> London, Printed for J. Staples, 1758.</li> <li><i>An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore.</i>, London, 1758. Containing two first hand accounts of the battle.</li> <li><i>An Impartial Narrative of the Last Expedition to the Coast of France by an Eyewitness.</i> London, 1758.</li> <li><i>Revue anglo-française</i>, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836.</li> <li><i>Crucible of War</i>, Anderson, Fred. New York, 2000, p. 303. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40642-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40642-5">0-375-40642-5</a>.</li> <li><i>History of England, The Revolution, Death of George the Second. Designed as a Continuation of Mr, Hume's History.</i> T, Smollett, M.D. Vol. III, London, 1848.</li> <li><i>Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards</i>, Daniel Mackinnon. London, 1883, Vol. I.</li> <li><i>Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards</i>, Lieutenant-General F.W.Hamilton, London, 1874, Vol. II.</li> <li><i>Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783</i>, Vol II. and Vol. III, Appendix, London, 1804, Robert Beatson.</li> <li><i>A History of the British Army</i>, Fortescue J. W., MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II.</li> <li><i>The Seven Years War</i>, Daniel Marsten, Osprey, Oxford, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-191-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-191-5">1-84176-191-5</a></li> <li><i>The Military Experience in the Age of Reason</i>, Duffy, Christopher, 1998, Wordsworth Editions Ltd., Hertfordshire, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85326-690-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85326-690-6">1-85326-690-6</a></li> <li><i>History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery</i>, Duncan, Major Francis, London, 1879, Vol. I.</li> <li><i>The Life of George, Lord Anson</i>, Barrow, Sir John, London, 1889.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Saint-Cast&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100730014655/http://www.anyflag.com/history/fleurwht.htm">[1]</a> French Fleur-De-Lis:Prior to the French Revolution, there was no national flag which represented France. A variety of flags were used by troops, different types of ships and for other purposes. From 1590 to 1790 this flag is one of four that was used on warships and fortresses.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080116132433/http://www.anyflag.com/history/fleur23.htm">[2]</a> French Fleur-De-Lis:This flag and this design with the coat of arms of France in the center are most commonly associated with ceremonial occasions from 1590 to 1790.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406164952/http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?strucID=585779&imageID=1236061&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&total=98&pos=1&snum=&e=w">[3]</a>:on the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20130415123704/http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgdisplaylargemeta.cfm?strucID=585780&imageID=1236062&parent_id=585395&word=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&lword=&lfield=&num=0&imgs=12&total=98&pos=2&snum=">[4]</a>: reverse of Flag plate in New York Public Library.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2889853#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008007260">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566649905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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