CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '915104fbfe8c3e12',cH: 'N_2b6xDno7oYIiKCGf5afx1tIuMC2vSpnIXZDKeOUHg-1740080961-1.2.1.1-8J_9tuKOFioz5.n8tbU51HKVqPnaPaxBrS1HOumRO.CwyU26XCjL26nffRNbogJ_',cUPMDTk: "\/12949\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=UGV_YFm8F3z2MrxFX7JVEfZqc6GIc06Uqwd8G_M3ZDE-1740080961-1.0.1.1-wOeSlb8VaD42jYciDJ9hIZocbe3Iq7d1jU.QUTV4vXs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740080961',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/12949\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=UGV_YFm8F3z2MrxFX7JVEfZqc6GIc06Uqwd8G_M3ZDE-1740080961-1.0.1.1-wOeSlb8VaD42jYciDJ9hIZocbe3Iq7d1jU.QUTV4vXs",md: "Yfs5JCtH50E_XBqAu1YtJZdEEvLHIUb7AVHYcOzKN2o-1740080961-1.2.1.1-zmjpnWbMv4tZDM16tBxqAYotPDS6mtm5ezZBFG5ZPlcrgVjkh.LYNTpl28tQP1n2n3L6Nf.dX7Ps5cS0_AW4ZHqiUrpFJOAsyNk7BZpI2Wy5OHjy_Re0IFF34aht8VGYUxvTkjkxByaM72u4dX7U9HEZfcJBQz11D0wptS81hy6EsdS44Cuggu9Wt7ADQaa0_6ST3PKM4aslJgcCxSyr.9zsBq_RNv_W8xSKhtlsnP3Vr3jMmXTNIFJCeleJxYg6qumwtc.dBGng8txKMq81p6G2yeXyBvTSN3cq8shswcq6qn4UfEOnKmTPJFUYOn_m4AKVjdMNmfWAwDY22CLoCKItBZ3DINzgzOIIKNlRSi_sKLahHAGojgOUKfS2hsnTy1hIMvTZL.qSdmIEBgaOA8FDyBYyLdrGNaGS7xh3zWbmxcm2pvYQmaTU5eAoLwRoXBSk_FWmvLDjtuSOSIC9ZnE5T.981bSCFSDNx_0MF2a2Owvr7adaDc4tqeFyGZpQmVZqrVn5pcrHjMUeGFpq6CnC7fT7Cr6PO2gZAtBIa0YqkYTrBv6nDGJJXho7tIxlFjrkbfy3JVGolgRHgwyINeJJunH392KI4H1Yj3tFRAAKsJzebYpkkGdMdXUYNpRq8_jEKd6ynzLZeDShrgsDTCw8cdpJlwAunKXAkudZYxKETm_e5mIz1vfHAnLqulSlQ1LyoL1iZcn5Yyt_XoIA9m29xHjXLIaJHEagQggqeqIdOoPmpt92QbnzD3QTbuOAwXzFL7Jx99R77wkfeUt20hCX.JK0i9xzNnYyOhBLCG95BYU396rwfx99gI7bv58EANd3.0rrGavObhPTwu9D3xP2qUkkkQ8iIiH03Rvg97adZ85XzCvGMz.nHIsOPY0o9zUhD2HtBFrZ27poMEYFDBeX8wVlHZG03Eyqhpru1R_Nd4HtUAdlUOjw2_PU1jIaVQ4QU_X0UY2Lnie0XHTLZr7OwNf5KqFZyUf7HleQIHQnKBWzyB681iGMpZR51PLgyZ0MuSCMShCi_b_h2owxMkWNoEe7EITGq2Hv5FCQ28cyKJQU0rZPfpRy82u9O5.aq1EFQg2z2GsbyYUZQA6TcDySKl53X1b_yfLrtIV7J6IImcoAPXRY7FeOW9v48lXttYirSpiOVXR7s_YZWUwXSaZO6KH3WJHpYSK99Z6ifVl6NlYQmdOEOAwvUVipdAiOUHhANR6sDE8Z6Exw9ZfyrwqvL58Jzhwd.3TS63.nOuoU5Vr.IlICgtB6wvOUMcOpZhFsFV5.QkJYqQFm1nGguMMcyx1b_aK5iAY7oCCNc9h9EF9Nf5Yg11QItV7ePxsCUxoQVB_Qtel0FgweC2kWw3XzLMjGuQ..HHXRfwCp3ztlbsfCQ6Qyh2cs7JXVqWjWENRC5AWQ2BFbfoXJ3hMCACNcU.q92VX6I0p7dC3Bo.c5SfR1hFppvrUxRtl8sy8V2HaA4ZIw_x5c3_sH17y7i733QlcF7HyHGn1sVSurgcUR6MILzff8y72p17iEX03uimWIIUu5R9DhQOGMCnGEm8HCwhwflRztfy5DnCw4U09Ykca9Q11G3ndLyMz5WoLGWbfKUob.ftZhpLRh2xq4a60.LOPhqY5pI9LY3ylt354ypJq9n5FTHPmIKFoBguR3oi3Xsivytq70yOXRMlWwhZlFHgTB7b7ehdgXVbegIZiU1NR2vTG6bmAq93uqK6APcm5pQfsgfmnSL3Xfrnrv7FYDg4tH6PQT8omKxDeeRlPJRZ1IPDeDzcqgLNZy6bP52pvR41k8LQD8sJTgQvPPYnmyLGa0GDOwoDGGMetqdJvZxlzWfFIDNloScWMYIx0lonEFb8RkLNj2zX.VpdSULkC_izL_HeGxIGwDz1UhQu0",mdrd: "nk5lC7rgukBjq1O6WA17QAuHdQYyz8eth_5_L.CvNLg-1740080961-1.2.1.1-SmP6n3BJIPiY.BO1j5W5eRQ_M9eTkx2dvCNs3FS2cXyz5v9wm0um0g98pPtGE.pLRLdJfu9eO..6mt4o._iTOZXHcznk6iPc1NDvDP56mC3gCeyDTeidfuseKqID4OFwPNuKHvilX2JSY.Tjekjw3tYtAkh5kZtW7ZBpb9xAQEMlx4GojvtpZ460hTg4dp0pm7KhsEgip5n8Jg0wyaumIe3ZA6WP96CiH01Ph0nGR0rvswsjRHrpOQgLfyJGw0ZLIgb1EB1jSMTC12rncXW702hkzXpa98EymsCLs0dInm44iiFl2yl76Dzb23XEBWaMeTKZQqA.Sl8G_5ub12j1dUkkKUQg.3bHZlv5dHfhnlPm6wkgcjJwA70EIG4YOcsPqG5ltRFG.wXwEGI3zo6C1DtqxKbXaalIpLiz__FGxAA3u_HDocd0RqtGrP0e0eXJHZxl3PuNch1yRnb02TaFMGB7wAof4abdALY17RqoEEzERf9Q.isoS9GEOR8Jbd0J1_XdRHsgkxA6Rr6TC1LVVg0aa3qCp7ipOGZquyI.qx9HCGanoLNbdFut42VAo253W82BlM23gVBiLCFmUkP4Yttre.8c7Y.siB0D66So6QniFvv..lqtk22YEMCDJGjV8TPpRGtMfNg.mSJ4B9CILIa_g49iVtqCtyQmB7iiqOzB44uyib0IGsWPvTtzFqGBDd4dzzxfOsAnFY73MYCXKMGDVUQ.bECIjhgzn7GfGA6lMmf1lNNpsdlyMeBVJ9gE6NjJjki4S7pfa_UAM3dTv.4gwtmcd8OCYRzuOCuS_jB4bd3_HBliBNoanTw96wReLHs.OpKyUq1jrns9If0JJ1ajfEMs9Nx1APo4SXT5tOaBsrfHu05jlUC3OTsPdX8vF4j91rsEg8VTcxBhhdnSE12U0lwr721ehg8nu4latEqA7g46sp4DUZuwj1tIwtgK_fHTlt_1gHl2OvRu0WdHFcOnZ5e38WxruRZCuScSBGKj6uVpZ56EYbRQDS2K1olHGNr4T2P.cArzg_oojeQN6ssVvl_DoZ1rwq55baF4OtCB7G_iFdAPJTYudPOVnMhBV1EqahQ_DIXQ7f6faqQUIqP1mOD270wLKn.nS3JH12t54ZkUtKg.xAWss83qMOz02H_PkydVOo0fbVRvJ4kJJk46xAs5wb1vs5s0CmzFOSvXxEabGZqq8Xc4swwArYEMZqkxEYNr1DLBA9Xwb.4j8wlHE.XCXuVBhkjIaNqR9CZwuhE5jsuu0tjAjFCBc0YRUllr6OiLTfC56LQr170_2.MQIhuiJaYLDnPk_wxmgtmrF5Z_wqxXJZ8YLtmLu59lqAq6XXoVnRCDdc1BEQHCW5.JV26tRUet1Dk4jWq0OY8CpLnpWcfgBwuzekXrs8lMZU1InEqDGF45pBI.2vc2UFQjAUR4TUORxlKiC1GWOjM549kPMuTTA9iwLv0zrYk6QXafLjGtr4cwvnfzOGUjoUGHsoRwXyF9abECRKSLPl7usuJ6ZRjB8uNp7LWPWDYQRFAi4zYg_309lfjnxVRuDwDVqLoZd8zSX9qjH79nmi7jlyecKNarwvTjIF9OpqhWUYVVhPQI5A7w6w8VUiCwX7tT06ODcktg5pYhgoiWcNC2iwvGP8fgLKkWsjgD4UheNZEHJxkWNyn0umCpYy_qa73qKPijluvvYCYdL8Jrw_kb94_Z3gTTRoL5uRPqZjVufDtAx4XtYqKqgp_PFbIM0SiF08YOQ5f.FWZvMo3m4gW1LIAPdd.d.ct5Ew_DHt_y3PYdnjgzIGTQk52kJcnP3XR3aoSg.pgNMxfMyKY2Rf9Ph.bTFnbFbP.Yyl1Ox0DoqkHln2moMYJrvsaztdW2IuMT7rYvp8MVmTi4D5u1MJnH8q_r30cDehzQX856TJ5X_nQijj9D9A7vDFPtNX5s9nRk1WwudC9sOI5RhvljN78"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=915104fbfe8c3e12';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12949\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=UGV_YFm8F3z2MrxFX7JVEfZqc6GIc06Uqwd8G_M3ZDE-1740080961-1.0.1.1-wOeSlb8VaD42jYciDJ9hIZocbe3Iq7d1jU.QUTV4vXs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>