CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="km" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស - វិគីភីឌា</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kmwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".",","],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "០\t១\t២\t៣\t៤\t៥\t៦\t៧\t៨\t៩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"km","wgMonthNames":["","ខែមករា","ខែកុម្ភៈ","ខែមីនា","ខែមេសា","ខែឧសភា","ខែមិថុនា","ខែកក្កដា","ខែសីហា","ខែកញ្ញា","ខែតុលា","ខែវិច្ឆិកា","ខែធ្នូ"],"wgRequestId":"8c29e2cd-47d2-4829-ab26-fe0436dbdcba","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស","wgTitle":"ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស","wgCurRevisionId":303057,"wgRevisionId":303057,"wgArticleId":49687,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[ "អត្ថបទទាំងអស់ជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភព","អត្ថបទជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភពពីJanuary 2021","អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ","CS1 errors: redundant parameter","CS1 អង់គ្លេស-language sources (en)","Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"km","wgPageContentLanguage":"km","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស","wgRelevantArticleId":49687,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault": true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"km","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"km"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q221395","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1199"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="959"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស - វិគីភីឌា"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="កែប្រែ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="វិគីភីឌា (km)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//km.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.km"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom Feed នៃ វិគីភីឌា" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស rootpage-ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="បញ្ជីដើម" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">បញ្ជីដើម</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">បញ្ជីដើម</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ការណែនាំ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ចូលមើលទំព័រដើម [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ទំព័រដើម</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីបន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗនៅក្នុងវិគីនេះ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ជំនួយបន្ថែម"><span>ជំនួយ</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97"><span>ទំព័រថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99" title="ផ្ទុកទំព័រចៃដន្យមួយទំព័រ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ទំព័រចៃដន្យ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សហគមន៍ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-admin" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84"><span>សុំធ្វើជាអ្នកអភិបាល</span></a></li><li id="n-rename" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98"><span>សុំប្តូរអត្តនាម</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D" title="អំពីគម្រោង អ្វីដែលអ្នកអាចធ្វើបាន និងកន្លែងស្វែងរកព័ត៌មាន"><span>ផតថលសហគមន៍</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="វិគីភីឌា" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-km.svg" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-km.svg" width="81" height="14" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ស្វែងរក</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" aria-label="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ពិសេស:ស្វែងរក"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ស្វែងរក</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=km" class=""><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។" class=""><span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="បញ្ជីសម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=km"><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទំព័រសម្រាប់អ្នកកែសម្រួលដែលបានកត់ឈ្មោះចេញ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:Introduction" aria-label="ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីការកែសម្រួល"><span>ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែម</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="បញ្ជីកំណែប្រែធ្វើឡើងពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ការរួមចំណែក</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីកំណែប្រែដែលធ្វើឡើងចេញពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eលាក់\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"km\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r295743\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"620\" data-file-height=\"620\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003Eក្រុមការងារយើង កំពុងស្វែងរកអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្តដែលចង់ចូលរួមពង្រីកបណ្ដាញសមគមន៍វិគីភីឌាយើង។ \u003Cbr /\u003E\nសូមទំនាក់ទំនងមកកាន់ក្រុមការងារយើង តាមរយៈបណ្ដាញសង្គម social media ខាងក្រោម៖\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"center\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://facebook.com/kmwp.fb\"\u003EFB Fan Page\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://twitter.com/KhmerWikipedia\"\u003ETwitter\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-kh\"\u003EMailing List\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="មាតិកា" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">មាតិកា</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ក្បាលទំព័រ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ភាសា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ភាសា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១</span> <span>ភាសា</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ភាសា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២</span> <span>ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ឯកសារយោង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ឯកសារយោង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៣</span> <span>ឯកសារយោង</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ឯកសារយោង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="មាតិកា" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ៤៨ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">៤៨ ភាសា</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مراقبة جوية – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مراقبة جوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_del_tr%C3%A1ficu_aereu" title="Control del tráficu aereu – អាស្ទូរី" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Control del tráficu aereu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="អាស្ទូរី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava_n%C9%99qliyyat%C4%B1na_n%C9%99zar%C9%99t" title="Hava nəqliyyatına nəzarət – អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hava nəqliyyatına nəzarət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="អាស៊ែបៃហ្សង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Контрол на въздушното движение – ប៊ុលហ្ការី" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Контрол на въздушното движение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="বিমান চলাচল নিয়ন্ত্রণ – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিমান চলাচল নিয়ন্ত্রণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_del_tr%C3%A0nsit_aeri" title="Control del trànsit aeri – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Control del trànsit aeri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADzen%C3%AD_letov%C3%A9ho_provozu" title="Řízení letového provozu – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řízení letového provozu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyvekontroltjeneste" title="Flyvekontroltjeneste – ដាណឺម៉ាក" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flyvekontroltjeneste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ដាណឺម៉ាក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugverkehrskontrolle" title="Flugverkehrskontrolle – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flugverkehrskontrolle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Έλεγχος Εναέριας Κυκλοφορίας – ក្រិក" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έλεγχος Εναέριας Κυκλοφορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ក្រិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Air traffic control" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrolturo" title="Kontrolturo – អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontrolturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="អេស្ពេរ៉ាន់តូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_del_tr%C3%A1fico_a%C3%A9reo" title="Control del tráfico aéreo – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Control del tráfico aéreo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennuliikluse_juhtimine" title="Lennuliikluse juhtimine – អេស្តូនី" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lennuliikluse juhtimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="អេស្តូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="مراقبت پرواز – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مراقبت پرواز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennonjohto" title="Lennonjohto – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lennonjohto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contr%C3%B4le_de_la_circulation_a%C3%A9rienne" title="Contrôle de la circulation aérienne – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Contrôle de la circulation aérienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rial%C3%BA_aerthr%C3%A1chta" title="Rialú aerthráchta – អៀរឡង់" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rialú aerthráchta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="អៀរឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_de_tr%C3%A1fico_a%C3%A9reo" title="Control de tráfico aéreo – ហ្កាលីស្យាន" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Control de tráfico aéreo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាលីស្យាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="פיקוח טיסה – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיקוח טיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrola_leta" title="Kontrola leta – ក្រូអាត" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kontrola leta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ក្រូអាត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemandu_lalu_lintas_udara" title="Pemandu lalu lintas udara – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemandu lalu lintas udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controllo_del_traffico_aereo" title="Controllo del traffico aereo – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Controllo del traffico aereo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6" title="航空交通管制 – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="航空交通管制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5_%EA%B4%80%EC%A0%9C" title="항공 교통 관제 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항공 교통 관제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro_eismo_kontrol%C4%97s_centras" title="Oro eismo kontrolės centras – លីទុយអានី" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oro eismo kontrolės centras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="លីទុយអានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawalan_lalu_lintas_udara" title="Kawalan lalu lintas udara – ម៉ាឡេ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kawalan lalu lintas udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchtverkeersleiding" title="Luchtverkeersleiding – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luchtverkeersleiding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flygekontrolltjeneste" title="Flygekontrolltjeneste – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flygekontrolltjeneste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrola_ruchu_lotniczego" title="Kontrola ruchu lotniczego – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kontrola ruchu lotniczego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controle_de_tr%C3%A1fego_a%C3%A9reo" title="Controle de tráfego aéreo – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Controle de tráfego aéreo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlul_traficului_aerian" title="Controlul traficului aerian – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Controlul traficului aerian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Управление воздушным движением – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление воздушным движением" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Air traffic control" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riadenie_letovej_prev%C3%A1dzky" title="Riadenie letovej prevádzky – ស្លូវ៉ាគី" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Riadenie letovej prevádzky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ាគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrola_zra%C4%8Dnega_prometa" title="Kontrola zračnega prometa – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kontrola zračnega prometa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrolli_i_trafikut_ajror" title="Kontrolli i trafikut ajror – អាល់បានី" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kontrolli i trafikut ajror" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="អាល់បានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Аеродромска контрола летења – ស៊ែប" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аеродромска контрола летења" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ស៊ែប" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flygledning" title="Flygledning – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flygledning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வான் போக்குவரத்து கட்டுப்பாடு – តាមីល" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வான் போக்குவரத்து கட்டுப்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="តាមីល" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การควบคุมจราจรทางอากาศ – ថៃ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การควบคุมจราจรทางอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ថៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava_trafik_kontrol" title="Hava trafik kontrol – ទួរគី" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hava trafik kontrol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ទួរគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Керування повітряним рухом – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Керування повітряним рухом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="ہوائی مرور انضباط – អ៊ូរឌូ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہوائی مرور انضباط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូរឌូ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_kh%C3%B4ng_l%C6%B0u" title="Điều khiển không lưu – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều khiển không lưu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6" title="空中交通管制 – អ៊ូចិន" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="空中交通管制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6" title="航空交通管制 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="航空交通管制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="航空交通控制 – កន្តាំង" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="航空交通控制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="កន្តាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q221395#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់អន្តរភាសា" class="wbc-editpage">កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="លំហឈ្មោះ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="មើលទំព័រមាតិកា [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ទំព័រ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីទំព័រខ្លឹមសារនេះ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ភាសាខ្មែរ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="គំហើញ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=history" title="កំណែកន្លងមករបស់ទំព័រនេះ ។ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ឧបករណ៍</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សកម្មភាព </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=history"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទូទៅ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9F%87/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="បញ្ជីទំព័វិគីទាំងអស់ដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>អ្វីដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" rel="nofollow" title="បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗក្នុងទំព័រដែលត្រូវបានភ្ជាប់មកទំព័រនេះ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km" title="ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីនៃទំព័រពិសេសទាំងអស់ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ទំព័រពិសេសៗ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&oldid=303057" title="តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍ដែលភ្ជាប់មកកំណែនេះរបស់ទំព័រនេះ"><span>តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=info" title="ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមអំពីទំព័រនេះ"><span>ព័ត៌មានអំពីទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&id=303057&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ព័ត៌មានអំពីរបៀបយោងទំព័រនេះ"><span>យោងទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259F%258B%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259E%2585%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2585%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259F%258D%25E1%259E%2595%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259C%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259F%258B%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259E%2585%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2585%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%258E%25E1%259F%258D%25E1%259E%2595%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259C%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> បោះពុម្ព/នាំចេញ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span>បង្កើតសៀវភៅ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>ទាញយកជា PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&printable=yes" title="ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ក្នុងគម្រោងផ្សេងៗទៀត </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Air_traffic_control" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q221395" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ពីវិគីភីឌា</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="km" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg/220px-New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg/330px-New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg/440px-New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption> តួប៉មត្រួតពិនិត្យចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសថ្មីនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាកាសយានដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិបុមបៃ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាកាសយានដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិបុមបៃ</a> (ឥណ្ឌា)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស</b> (អក្សរកាត់: <b>ATC</b> ) គឺជាសេវាកម្មដែលផ្តល់ដោយ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អ្នកគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អ្នកត្រួតពិនិត្យចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស</a> ដែលមានមូលដ្ឋានលើដី ដែលដឹកនាំយន្តហោះនៅលើដី និងតាមរយៈផ្នែកដែលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យនៃ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដែនអាកាស (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដែនអាកាស</a> ដែលគ្រប់គ្រង ហើយអាចផ្តល់សេវាប្រឹក្សាដល់យន្តហោះនៅក្នុងដែនអាកាសដែលមិនមានការគ្រប់គ្រង។ គោលបំណងចម្បងរបស់ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍អាកាស (ATC) ទូទាំងពិភពលោកគឺដើម្បីការពារការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នា រៀបចំ និងពន្លឿនលំហូរនៃចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស និងផ្តល់ព័ត៌មាន និងការគាំទ្រផ្សេងទៀតសម្រាប់អ្នកបើកយន្តហោះ។ <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>អ្នកត្រួតពិនិត្យចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសត្រួតពិនិត្យទីតាំងរបស់យន្តហោះនៅក្នុងដែនអាកាសដែលបានកំណត់ដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រ៉ាដា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រព័ន្ធរ៉ាដា</a> និងទំនាក់ទំនងជាមួយអាកាសយានិក <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB" title="វិទ្យុ">តាមវិទ្យុ</a> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ដើម្បីទប់ស្កាត់ការប៉ះទង្គិចការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍អាកាស អនុវត្តច្បាប់ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80_(%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ការបំបែក (ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស) (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បំបែកចរាចរណ៍</a> ដែលធានាថា យន្តហោះនីមួយៗរក្សាចំនួនអប្បបរមានៃទំហំទំនេរនៅជុំវិញវាគ្រប់ពេលវេលា។ វាក៏ជារឿងធម្មតាផងដែរសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍អាកាស ក្នុងការផ្តល់សេវាកម្មដល់យន្តហោះឯកជន យោធា និងពាណិជ្ជកម្មទាំងអស់ដែលប្រតិបត្តិការក្នុងដែនអាកាសរបស់ខ្លួន មិនត្រឹមតែយន្តហោះស៊ីវិលប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ។<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84" title="វិគីភីឌា:ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង"><span title="អំណះអំណាងនេះត្រូវការឯកសារយោងដើម្បីជាប្រភពជឿទុកចិត្តបាន (January 2021)">ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[ <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84" title="វិគីភីឌា:ត្រូវការអំណះអំណាង"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">ត្រូវការដកស្រង់</span></a></i> ]</sup> អាស្រ័យលើប្រភេទនៃការហោះហើរ និងថ្នាក់នៃលំហអាកាសការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍អាកាស អាចចេញ <i>សេចក្តីណែនាំ</i> ដែលអ្នកបើកបរត្រូវគោរពតាម ឬ <i>ការណែនាំ</i> (ដែលគេស្គាល់ថាជា <i>ព័ត៌មានហោះហើរ</i> នៅក្នុងប្រទេសមួយចំនួន) ដែលអ្នកបើកយន្តហោះអាចមិនយកចិត្តទុកដាក់តាមការសំរេចចិត្តរបស់ពួកគេ។ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អ្នកបើកយន្តហោះបញ្ជា (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អ្នកបើកបរនៅក្នុងបញ្ជាការ</a> គឺជាអាជ្ញាធរចុងក្រោយសម្រាប់ប្រតិបត្តិការប្រកបដោយសុវត្ថិភាពនៃយន្តហោះ ហើយក្នុងករណីមានអាសន្ន អាចងាកចេញពីការណែនាំរបស់ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍អាកាស ទៅកម្រិតដែលត្រូវការដើម្បីរក្សាប្រតិបត្តិការប្រកបដោយសុវត្ថិភាពនៃយន្តហោះរបស់ពួកគេ។ <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ភាសា"><span id=".E1.9E.97.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6"></span>ភាសា</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ភាសា"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>អនុលោមតាមតម្រូវការរបស់<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អង្គការអាកាសចរណ៍ស៊ីវិលអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង្គការអាកាសចរណ៍ស៊ីវិលអន្តរជាតិ</a> (ICAO) ប្រតិបត្តិការ ATC ត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស ឬជាភាសាដែលស្ថានីយ៍ប្រើប្រាស់នៅលើដី។ <sup id="cite_ref-IDAO_FAQ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDAO_FAQ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> នៅក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ភាសាកំណើតសម្រាប់តំបន់មួយត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់។ ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ ភាសាអង់គ្លេសត្រូវតែប្រើតាមការស្នើសុំ។ <sup id="cite_ref-IDAO_FAQ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDAO_FAQ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A"></span>ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>នៅឆ្នាំ១៩២០ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93_Croydon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាកាសយានដ្ឋាន Croydon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាកាសយានដ្ឋានក្រូយដុន</a> ទីក្រុងឡុងដ៍គឺជាអាកាសយានដ្ឋានដំបូងគេនៅលើពិភពលោកដែលណែនាំការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស។ <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "ប៉មបញ្ជាយន្តហោះ" ជាខ្ទមឈើ 15 feet (4.6 m) ខ្ពស់ជាមួយនឹងបង្អួចទាំងបួន។ វាត្រូវបានចាត់តាំងនៅថ្ងៃទី២៥ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ១៩២០ ហើយបានផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានអំពីចរាចរណ៍មូលដ្ឋាន អាកាសធាតុ និងទីតាំងដល់អ្នកបើកយន្តហោះ។ <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៦<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>នៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសបានបង្កើតការបែងចែកបី។ ស្ថានីយ៍វិទ្យុសំបុត្រតាមអាកាសដំបូងគេ (AMRS) ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩២២ បន្ទាប់ពីសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១ នៅពេលដែលការិយាល័យប្រៃសណីយ៍សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្តើមប្រើប្រាស់បច្ចេកទេសដែលបង្កើតឡើងដោយកងទ័ពដើម្បីដឹកនាំ និងតាមដានចលនារបស់យន្តហោះឈ្លបយកការណ៍។ យូរ ៗ ទៅស្ថានីយ៍វិទ្យុសំបុត្រតាមអាកាសដំបូងគេ បានចូលទៅក្នុង<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្ថានីយ៍សេវាកម្មហោះហើរ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស្ថានីយ៍សេវាកម្មហោះហើរ</a> ។ ស្ថានីយ៍សេវាកម្មហោះហើរនាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះមិនចេញសេចក្តីណែនាំអំពីការគ្រប់គ្រងទេ ប៉ុន្តែផ្តល់ឲ្យអ្នកបើកយន្តហោះជាមួយនឹងសេវាកម្មព័ត៌មានទាក់ទងនឹងការហោះហើរជាច្រើនទៀត។ ពួកគេធ្វើការណែនាំអំពីការគ្រប់គ្រងការបញ្ជូនបន្តពី ATC នៅក្នុងតំបន់ដែលសេវាហោះហើរគឺជាកន្លែងតែមួយគត់ដែលមានវិទ្យុ ឬទូរស័ព្ទ។ ប៉មត្រួតពិនិត្យចរាចរណ៍អាកាសយានដ្ឋានទីមួយ ដែលគ្រប់គ្រងការមកដល់ ការចាកចេញ និងចលនាផ្ទៃនៃយន្តហោះនៅអាកាសយានដ្ឋានជាក់លាក់មួយ បានបើកនៅទីក្រុង ឃ្លីវេឡេន ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៣០។ មធ្យោបាយត្រួតពិនិត្យ/ការចាកចេញត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងបន្ទាប់ពីការទទួលយករ៉ាដាក្នុងទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៥០ ដើម្បីត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងគ្រប់គ្រងលំហអាកាសដ៏មមាញឹកជុំវិញអាកាសយានដ្ឋានធំៗ។ មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសដំបូងគេ (ARTCC) ដែលដឹកនាំចលនារបស់យន្តហោះរវាងការចេញដំណើរ និងទិសដៅត្រូវបានបើកនៅទីក្រុងនូវើក ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៣៥ បន្ទាប់មកនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៣៦ ដោយទីក្រុងឈីកាហ្គោ និង ឃ្លីវេឡេន ។ <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> បច្ចុប្បន្ននៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រដ្ឋបាលអាកាសចរណ៍សហព័ន្ធ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រដ្ឋបាលអាកាសចរណ៍សហព័ន្ធ</a> (FAA) ដំណើរការ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បញ្ជីនៃមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">២២ ARTCCs</a> ។ </p><p>បន្ទាប់ពី<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86_1956_%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F_Grand_Canyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ឆ្នាំ 1956 ការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នានៅកណ្តាលអាកាស Grand Canyon (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នានៅកណ្តាលអាកាសមហាអន្លង់ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦</a> ដែលបានសម្លាប់មនុស្សទាំង ១២៨នាក់នៅលើយន្តហោះរដ្ឋបាលអាកាសចរណ៍សហព័ន្ធ ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ការទទួលខុសត្រូវលើចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាសលើសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ ហើយនេះត្រូវបានបន្តដោយប្រទេសផ្សេងទៀត។ នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស បារាំង អាល្លឺម៉ង់ និងបណ្តាប្រទេសបេណេលុច បានបង្កើតការត្រួតពិនិត្យអឺរ៉ូ ដោយមានបំណងបញ្ចូលដែនអាកាសរបស់ពួកគេ។ ការប៉ុនប៉ងដំបូង និងតែមួយគត់ដើម្បីដាក់ឧបករណ៍បញ្ជារវាងប្រទេសគឺ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE_Maastricht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលគ្រប់គ្រងតំបន់ខាងលើ Maastricht (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលគ្រប់គ្រងតំបន់ខាងលើម៉ាស្ទ្រិច</a> (MUAC) ដែលបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧២ ដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ការត្រួតពិនិត្យអឺរ៉ូ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ការត្រួតពិនិត្យអឺរ៉ូ</a> និងគ្របដណ្តប់បែលហ្ស៊ិក លុចសំបួ ហូឡង់ និងភាគពាយព្យនៃប្រទេសអាល្លឺម៉ង់។ ក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០០១ សហភាពអឺរ៉ុបមានគោលបំណងបង្កើត "មេឃអឺរ៉ុបតែមួយ" ដោយសង្ឃឹមថានឹងបង្កើនប្រសិទ្ធភាពនិងទទួលបានសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនៃទំហំ។ <sup id="cite_ref-Economist15jun2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist15jun2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ឯកសារយោង"><span id=".E1.9E.AF.E1.9E.80.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.99.E1.9F.84.E1.9E.84"></span>ឯកសារយោង</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ឯកសារយោង"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r312616">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607105632/http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/ATC/atc0201.html">"FAA 7110.65 2-1-1"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/ATC/atc0201.html">the original</a> on June 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved តុលា 22, 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAA+7110.65+2-1-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fair_traffic%2Fpublications%2Fatpubs%2FATC%2Fatc0201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226104734/https://www.caa.co.uk/Consumers/Guide-to-aviation/How-air-traffic-control-works/">"How air traffic control works | UK Civil Aviation Authority"</a>. <i>www.caa.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caa.co.uk/Consumers/Guide-to-aviation/How-air-traffic-control-works/">the original</a> on កុម្ភៈ 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.caa.co.uk&rft.atitle=How+air+traffic+control+works+%7C+UK+Civil+Aviation+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caa.co.uk%2FConsumers%2FGuide-to-aviation%2FHow-air-traffic-control-works%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/">"Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR)"</a>. <i>Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR)</i> (in អង់គ្លេស)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Code+of+Federal+Regulations+%28eCFR%29&rft.atitle=Electronic+Code+of+Federal+Regulations+%28eCFR%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDAO_FAQ-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IDAO_FAQ_4-0">៤,០</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IDAO_FAQ_4-1">៤,១</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icao.int/icao/en/trivia/peltrgFAQ.htm#23">"IDAO FAQ"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220142943/http://icao.int/icao/en/trivia/peltrgFAQ.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDAO+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icao.int%2Ficao%2Fen%2Ftrivia%2FpeltrgFAQ.htm%2323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r312616"><cite id="CITEREFGreen_Jersey_Web_Design" class="citation web cs1">Green Jersey Web Design. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180501/http://www.transportheritage.com/find-heritage-locations.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=91&sobi2Id=273">"Heritage Locations – South East – Surrey – Croydon Airport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transportheritage.com/find-heritage-locations.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=91&sobi2Id=273">the original</a> on September 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Locations+%E2%80%93+South+East+%E2%80%93+Surrey+%E2%80%93+Croydon+Airport&rft.au=Green+Jersey+Web+Design&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transportheritage.com%2Ffind-heritage-locations.html%3Fsobi2Task%3Dsobi2Details%26catid%3D91%26sobi2Id%3D273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%3A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC:Cite_web" title="ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|archiveurl=</code> and <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> specified (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំនួយ:CS1 errors (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Kaminski-Morrow, David (February 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/colourised-images-mark-centenary-of-worlds-first-control-tower/136903.article">"Colourised images mark centenary of world's first control tower"</a>. <i>Flight Global</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/colourised-images-mark-centenary-of-worlds-first-control-tower/136903.article">https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/colourised-images-mark-centenary-of-worlds-first-control-tower/136903.article</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colourised+images+mark+centenary+of+world%27s+first+control+tower&rft.jtitle=Flight+Global&rft.aulast=Kaminski-Morrow&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kaminski-Morrow%2C%26%2332%3BDavid&rft.date=February+25%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fsafety%2Fcolourised-images-mark-centenary-of-worlds-first-control-tower%2F136903.article&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-51648067/croydon-airport-100-years-of-air-traffic-control-in-the-uk">"How a hut in Croydon changed air travel"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-51648067/croydon-airport-100-years-of-air-traffic-control-in-the-uk">https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-51648067/croydon-airport-100-years-of-air-traffic-control-in-the-uk</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+a+hut+in+Croydon+changed+air+travel&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fuk-england-london-51648067%2Fcroydon-airport-100-years-of-air-traffic-control-in-the-uk&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">FAA HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY, 1926–1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist15jun2019-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Economist15jun2019_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2019/06/15/air-traffic-control-is-a-mess">"Air-traffic control is a mess"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. June 15, 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2019/06/15/air-traffic-control-is-a-mess">https://www.economist.com/international/2019/06/15/air-traffic-control-is-a-mess</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air-traffic+control+is+a+mess&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.date=June+15%2C+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2019%2F06%2F15%2Fair-traffic-control-is-a-mess&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">បានពី "<a dir="ltr" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស&oldid=303057">https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ការគ្រប់គ្រងចរាចរណ៍ផ្លូវអាកាស&oldid=303057</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98" title="ពិសេស:ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម">ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:អត្ថបទទាំងអស់ជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភព (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អត្ថបទទាំងអស់ជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភព</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8January_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:អត្ថបទជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភពពីJanuary 2021 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អត្ថបទជាមួយការថ្លែងគ្មានប្រភពពីJanuary 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ">អត្ថបទដែលមានបរាមាត្រកាលបរិច្ឆេទអសុពលភាពក្នុងទំព័រគំរូ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:CS1_errors:_redundant_parameter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:CS1 errors: redundant parameter (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">CS1 errors: redundant parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:CS1_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F-language_sources_(en)" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:CS1 អង់គ្លេស-language sources (en)">CS1 អង់គ្លេស-language sources (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98:Pages_containing_cite_templates_with_deprecated_parameters" title="ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters">Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ទំព័រនេះត្រូវបានកែចុងក្រោយនៅម៉ោងម៉ោង២៣:៣៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៣ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២៣។</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវបានផ្ដល់ក្រោមអាជ្ញាបណ្ណ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> ។ លក្ខខណ្ឌបន្ថែមផ្សេងៗទៀតក៏នឹងអាចត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត។ សូមមើល <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">លក្ខខណ្ឌក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់</a> សម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានលម្អិត។</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">គោលការណ៍នៃភាពឯកជន</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8">អំពីវិគីភីឌា</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%92%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%85">ការបដិសេធ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ក្រមសីលធម៌</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">អ្នកសរសេរកូដ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/km.wikipedia.org">ស្ថិតិ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">អានលើឧបករណ៍ចល័ត</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b8zqw","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.188","walltime":"0.245","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2363,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":38816,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8474,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9925,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 217.086 1 -total"," 42.72% 92.749 5 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_web"," 19.13% 41.539 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation_needed"," 18.96% 41.152 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cvt"," 17.05% 37.015 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Ifsubst"," 15.61% 33.881 1 ទំព័រគំរូ:Fix"," 13.61% 29.537 2 ទំព័រគំរូ:Category_handler"," 12.98% 28.183 3 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_news"," 10.95% 23.760 3 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/core"," 3.24% 7.040 2 ទំព័រគំរូ:Category_handler/numbered"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.090","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5117236,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-568dbbbfd9-bjqf9","timestamp":"20241110021707","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1785\u179a\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f","url":"https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q221395","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q221395","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-10-22T14:31:25Z","dateModified":"2023-12-13T23:35:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0b\/New-MIAL-ATC-Tower.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>