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aspect</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: geo-mining aspect"> <meta name="keywords" content="geo-mining aspect"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="geo-mining aspect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1745</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: geo-mining aspect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1745</span> English Complex Aspectuality: A Functional Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cunyu%20Zhang">Cunyu Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper aims to explore the complex aspectuality system of English. This study shows that the complex aspectuality is classified into complex viewpoint aspect which refers to the homogeneous or heterogeneous ways continuously viewing on the same situation by the speaker and complex situation aspect which is the combined configuration of the internal time schemata of situation. Through viewpoint shifting and repeating, the complex viewpoint aspect is formed in two combination ways. Complex situation aspect is combined by the way of hypotactic verbal complex and the limitation of participant and circumstance in a clause. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20series" title="aspect series">aspect series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20situation%20aspect" title=" complex situation aspect"> complex situation aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20viewpoint%20aspect" title=" complex viewpoint aspect"> complex viewpoint aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20functional%20linguistics" title=" systemic functional linguistics"> systemic functional linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41687/english-complex-aspectuality-a-functional-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1744</span> L2 Acquisition of Tense and Aspect by Cantonese and Mandarin ESL Learners of Different Proficiency Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mable%20Chan">Mable Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study about the acquisition of tense and aspect by Cantonese and Mandarin ESL learners aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge, the role that classroom input plays in the development of that knowledge, and learners' use of the L2 knowledge they acquire (i.e. their performance). Chinese has been argued as a tenseless language and Chinese ESL learners have to acquire the property from scratch. The study of acquisition of tense and aspect is a very fruitful research area in second language acquisition for a number of reasons. First, tense and aspect are notorious for being difficult for Chinese ESL learners. Second, to our knowledge, no studies have been done to compare Cantonese and Mandarin ESL learners and age effects in one single study. Data are now being collected and the findings from this comparison study of tense-aspect acquisition will shed light on both theoretical and pedagogical issues in second language acquisition, and contribute to a better understanding of both theoretical aspect concerning L2 acquisition of tense and aspect, and pedagogy of tense for L2 Chinese ESL learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect" title="aspect">aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tense" title=" tense"> tense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20grammar" title=" universal grammar"> universal grammar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46891/l2-acquisition-of-tense-and-aspect-by-cantonese-and-mandarin-esl-learners-of-different-proficiency-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1743</span> The Simple Two-Step Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Transferring Process for High Aspect Ratio Microstructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaoxi%20Wang">Shaoxi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Rezai"> Pouya Rezai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High aspect ratio is the necessary parts of complex microstructures. Some methods available to achieve high aspect ratio requires expensive materials or complex process; others is difficult to research simple high aspect ratio structures. The paper presents a simple and cheap two-step Polydimethylsioxane (PDMS) transferring process to get high aspect ratio single pillars, which only requires covering the PDMS mold with Brij@52 surface solution. The experimental results demonstrate the method efficiency and effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title="high aspect ratio">high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brij" title=" Brij"> Brij</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756/the-simple-two-step-polydimethylsiloxane-pdms-transferring-process-for-high-aspect-ratio-microstructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1742</span> Performance Evaluation of an Ontology-Based Arabic Sentiment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Behdenna">Salima Behdenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Barigou"> Fatiha Barigou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghalem%20Belalem"> Ghalem Belalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the quick increase in the volume of Arabic opinions posted on various social media, Arabic sentiment analysis has become one of the most important areas of research. Compared to English, there is very little works on Arabic sentiment analysis, in particular aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). In ABSA, aspect extraction is the most important task. In this paper, we propose a semantic aspect-based sentiment analysis approach for standard Arabic reviews to extract explicit aspect terms and identify the polarity of the extracted aspects. The proposed approach was evaluated using HAAD datasets. Experiments showed that the proposed approach achieved a good level of performance compared with baseline results. The F-measure was improved by 19% for the aspect term extraction tasks and 55% aspect term polarity task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title="sentiment analysis">sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20mining" title=" opinion mining"> opinion mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title=" Arabic"> Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20level" title=" aspect level"> aspect level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion" title=" opinion"> opinion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarity" title=" polarity"> polarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135240/performance-evaluation-of-an-ontology-based-arabic-sentiment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1741</span> Motivation Needs in Working of the Employees in Rayong Province: A Case Study of Panakom Co., Ltd.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganratchakan%20Ninlawan">Ganratchakan Ninlawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Witthaya%20Mekhum"> Witthaya Mekhum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research was to investigate motivation needs in working of the employees in Rayong Province at Panakom Co., Ltd. The sample group included 59 operational employees of Panakom Co., Ltd divided into 2 main parts to complete the questionnaires. Part 1 dealt with personal information of the staff in the form of checklist questions. Part 2 was about the motivation needs in working in the form of 5 rating scales. The data were analyzed to find frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and SD with the results as follows. They reported their working conditions in the moderate level while the first aspect was on the regulation of the Working Support Department. The second rated aspect was on the modern facilities and office stationeries followed by the working environment such as lighting, temperature, sound system, and atmosphere. The last aspect was on the provision of enough working equipment. On the part of work stability and work progress, they rated this aspect at the moderate level with the details below. The first aspect was their satisfaction in work rotation followed by the encouragement in joining training and seminar to increase working knowledge. The third aspect was their perception on the progress of their careers. The last aspect was on the chance to get promoted in special cases. On the payment and fringe benefit, they rated this part in the moderate level with the highest aspect being on the provided fringe benefit such as health care. The second aspect was on the suitable salary compared to their knowledge and proficiency. The third aspect was on the satisfaction on the activities and seminars provided by the company. Finally, the last aspect was on the sufficient salary when compared with the current cost of living. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation%20needs" title="motivation needs">motivation needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working" title=" working"> working</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employees" title=" employees"> employees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayong%20Province" title=" Rayong Province"> Rayong Province</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11944/motivation-needs-in-working-of-the-employees-in-rayong-province-a-case-study-of-panakom-co-ltd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1740</span> Multi-Level Attentional Network for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyuan%20Liu">Xinyuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojun%20Jing"> Xiaojun Jing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20He"> Yuan He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junsheng%20Mu"> Junsheng Mu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) has attracted much attention due to its capacity to determine the sentiment polarity of the certain aspect in a sentence. In previous works, great significance of the interaction between aspect and sentence has been exhibited in ABSA. In consequence, a Multi-Level Attentional Networks (MLAN) is proposed. MLAN consists of four parts: Embedding Layer, Encoding Layer, Multi-Level Attentional (MLA) Layers and Final Prediction Layer. Among these parts, MLA Layers including Aspect Level Attentional (ALA) Layer and Interactive Attentional (ILA) Layer is the innovation of MLAN, whose function is to focus on the important information and obtain multiple levels’ attentional weighted representation of aspect and sentence. In the experiments, MLAN is compared with classical TD-LSTM, MemNet, RAM, ATAE-LSTM, IAN, AOA, LCR-Rot and AEN-GloVe on SemEval 2014 Dataset. The experimental results show that MLAN outperforms those state-of-the-art models greatly. And in case study, the works of ALA Layer and ILA Layer have been proven to be effective and interpretable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect-based%20sentiment%20analysis" title=" aspect-based sentiment analysis"> aspect-based sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title=" attention"> attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124988/multi-level-attentional-network-for-aspect-based-sentiment-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1739</span> Corpus Linguistic Methods in a Theoretical Study of Quran Verb Tense and Aspect in Translations from Arabic to English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawharah%20Alasmari">Jawharah Alasmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In inflectional morphology of verb, tense and aspect indicate action’s time either past/present or future and their period whether completed or not. The usage and meaning of tense and aspect differ in Arabic and English, therefore is no simple one -to- one mapping from an Arabic verb inflected form an appropriate English translation depends on a range of features, including immediate and wider context of use. The Quranic Arabic Corpus includes seven alternative expertly crafted English translations of each Arabic verses, which provides a test dataset for the study of appropriate Arabic to English translations of verb tense and aspect. We applied Corpus Linguistics Methods in a theoretical study of exemplary verbs, to elicit candidate verbal contexts which influence the choice of English inflection for each verse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corpus%20linguistics%20methods" title="Corpus linguistics methods">Corpus linguistics methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20verb" title=" Arabic verb"> Arabic verb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tense%20and%20aspect" title=" tense and aspect"> tense and aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20translations" title=" English translations"> English translations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69201/corpus-linguistic-methods-in-a-theoretical-study-of-quran-verb-tense-and-aspect-in-translations-from-arabic-to-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1738</span> The Effects of the Aspect Ratio of a Flexible Cylinder on the Vortex Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abouzar%20Kaboudian">Abouzar Kaboudian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Chaithanya%20Mysa"> Ravi Chaithanya Mysa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boo%20Cheong%20Khoo"> Boo Cheong Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar%20Jaiman"> Rajeev Kumar Jaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vortex structures observed in the wake of a flexible cylinder can be significantly different from those of a traditional vibrating, spring mounted, rigid cylinder. These differences can significantly affect the VIV characteristics of the flow and subsequently the VIV response of the cylindrical structures. In this work, we present how the aspect ratio of a flexible cylinder can change the vortex structures in its wake. We will discuss different vortex dynamics which can be observed in the wake of the vibrating flexible cylinder, and how they can affect the vibrational response of the cylinder. Moreover, we will study the transition of these structures versus the aspect ratio of the flexible cylinder. We will discuss how these transitions affect the in-line and transverse forces on the structure. In the end, we will provide general guidelines on the minimum acceptable aspect ratio for the offshore riser studies which may have grave implications for future numerical and experimental works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20cylinder" title=" flexible cylinder"> flexible cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-shedding" title=" vortex-shedding"> vortex-shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VIV" title=" VIV"> VIV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475/the-effects-of-the-aspect-ratio-of-a-flexible-cylinder-on-the-vortex-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1737</span> Using Mining Methods of WEKA to Predict Quran Verb Tense and Aspect in Translations from Arabic to English: Experimental Results and Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawharah%20Alasmari">Jawharah Alasmari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In verb inflection, tense marks past/present/future action, and aspect marks progressive/continues perfect/completed actions. This usage and meaning of tense and aspect differ in Arabic and English. In this research, we applied data mining methods to test the predictive function of candidate features by using our dataset of Arabic verbs in-context, and their 7 translations. Weka machine learning classifiers is used in this experiment in order to examine the key features that can be used to provide guidance to enable a translator’s appropriate English translation of the Arabic verb tense and aspect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20verb" title="Arabic verb">Arabic verb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20translations" title=" English translations"> English translations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20methods" title=" mining methods"> mining methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weka%20software" title=" Weka software"> Weka software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69055/using-mining-methods-of-weka-to-predict-quran-verb-tense-and-aspect-in-translations-from-arabic-to-english-experimental-results-and-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1736</span> An Experimental Study on the Effects of Aspect Ratio of a Rectangular Microchannel on the Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Louw%20Coetzee">J. A. Louw Coetzee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josua%20P.%20Meyer"> Josua P. Meyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermodynamic properties of different refrigerants in combination with the variation in geometrical properties (hydraulic diameter, aspect ratio, and inclination angle) of a rectangular microchannel determine the two-phase frictional pressure gradient. The effect of aspect ratio on frictional pressure drop had not been investigated enough during adiabatic two-phase flow and condensation in rectangular microchannels. This experimental study was concerned with measurement of the frictional pressure gradient in a rectangular microchannel, with hydraulic diameter of 900 μm. The aspect ratio of this microchannel was varied over a range that stretched from 0.3 to 3 in order to capture the effect of aspect ratio variation. A commonly used refrigerant, R134a, was used in the tests that spanned over a mass flux range of 100 to 1000 kg m-2 s-1 as well as the whole vapour quality range. This study formed part of a refrigerant condensation experiment and was therefore conducted at a saturation temperature of 40 °C. The study found that there was little influence of the aspect ratio on the frictional pressure drop at the test conditions. The data was compared to some of the well known micro- and macro-channel two-phase pressure drop correlations. Most of the separated flow correlations predicted the pressure drop data well at mass fluxes larger than 400 kg m-2 s-1 and vapour qualities above 0.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001/an-experimental-study-on-the-effects-of-aspect-ratio-of-a-rectangular-microchannel-on-the-two-phase-frictional-pressure-drop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1735</span> The Thermal Simulation of Hydraulic Cable Drum Trailers 15-Ton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abdul-Razzak%20Aboudi%20Al-Issa">Ahmad Abdul-Razzak Aboudi Al-Issa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal is the main important aspect in any hydraulic system since it is affected on the hydraulic system performance. Therefore must be simulated the hydraulic system -that was designed- in this aspect before constructing it. In this study, an existed expert system was using to simulate the thermal aspect of a designed hydraulic system that will be used in an industrial field. The expert system which is used in this study is (Hydraulic System Calculations), and its symbol (HSC). HSC had been designed and coded in an interactive program userfriendly named (Microsoft Visual Basic 2010). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20power" title="fluid power">fluid power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20system" title=" hydraulic system"> hydraulic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20and%20hydrodynamic" title=" thermal and hydrodynamic"> thermal and hydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17006/the-thermal-simulation-of-hydraulic-cable-drum-trailers-15-ton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1734</span> The Project Evaluation to Develop the Competencies, Capabilities, and Skills in Repairing Computers of People in Jompluak Local Municipality, Bang Khonthi District, Samut Songkram Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilailuk%20Meepracha">Wilailuk Meepracha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results of the study on the project evaluation to develop the competencies, capabilities, and skills in repairing computers of people in Jompluak Local Municipality, Bang Khonthi District, Samut Songkram Province showed that the overall result was good (4.33). When considering on each aspect, it was found that the highest one was on process evaluation (4.60) followed by product evaluation (4.50) and the least one was on feeding factor (3.97). When considering in details, it was found that: 1) the context aspect was high (4.23) with the highest item on the arrangement of the training situation (4.67) followed by the appropriateness of the target (4.30) and the least aspect was on the project cooperation (3.73). 2) The evaluation of average overall primary factor or feeding factor showed high value (4.23) while the highest aspect was on the capability of the trainers (4.47) followed by the suitable venue (4.33) while the least aspect was on the insufficient budget (3.47). 3) The average result of process evaluation was very high (4.60). The highest aspect was on the follow-op supervision (4.70) followed by responsibility of each project staffs (4.50) while the least aspect was on the present situation and the problems of the community (4.40). 4) The overall result of the product evaluation was very high (4.50). The highest aspect was on the diversity of the activities and the community integration (4.67) followed by project target achievement (4.63) while the least aspect was on continuation and regularity of the activities (4.33). The trainees reported high satisfaction on the project management at very high level (43.33%) while 40% reported high level and 16.67% reported moderate level. Suggestions for the project were on the additional number of the computer sets (37.78%) followed by longer training period especially on computer skills (43.48%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20evaluation" title="project evaluation">project evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competency%20development" title=" competency development"> competency development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20capability%20on%20computer%20repairing%20and%20computer%20skills" title=" the capability on computer repairing and computer skills"> the capability on computer repairing and computer skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4861/the-project-evaluation-to-develop-the-competencies-capabilities-and-skills-in-repairing-computers-of-people-in-jompluak-local-municipality-bang-khonthi-district-samut-songkram-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1733</span> A Formal Property Verification for Aspect-Oriented Programs in Software Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustapha%20Bande">Moustapha Bande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakima%20Ould-Slimane"> Hakima Ould-Slimane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanifa%20Boucheneb"> Hanifa Boucheneb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software development for complex systems requires efficient and automatic tools that can be used to verify the satisfiability of some critical properties such as security ones. With the emergence of Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), considerable work has been done in order to better modularize the separation of concerns in the software design and implementation. The goal is to prevent the cross-cutting concerns to be scattered across the multiple modules of the program and tangled with other modules. One of the key challenges in the aspect-oriented programs is to be sure that all the pieces put together at the weaving time ensure the satisfiability of the overall system requirements. Our paper focuses on this problem and proposes a formal property verification approach for a given property from the woven program. The approach is based on the control flow graph (CFG) of the woven program, and the use of a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver to check whether each property (represented par one aspect) is satisfied or not once the weaving is done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect-oriented%20programming" title="aspect-oriented programming">aspect-oriented programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20flow%20graph" title=" control flow graph"> control flow graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20verification" title=" property verification"> property verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfiability%20modulo%20theories" title=" satisfiability modulo theories"> satisfiability modulo theories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97503/a-formal-property-verification-for-aspect-oriented-programs-in-software-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1732</span> Unconventional Hydrocarbon Management Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20Artono">Edi Artono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Tamtomo"> Budi Tamtomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gema%20Wahyudi%20Purnama"> Gema Wahyudi Purnama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world energy demand increasing extreamly high time by time, including domestic demand. That is impossible to avoid because energy a country demand proportional to surge in the number of residents, economic growth and addition of industrial sector. Domestic Oil and gas conventional reserves depleted naturally while production outcome from reservoir also depleted time to time. In the other hand, new reserve did not discover significantly to replace it all. Many people are investigating to looking for new alternative energy to answer the challenge. There are several option to solve energy fossil needed problem using Unconventional Hydrocarbon. There are four aspects to consider as a management reference in order that Unconventional Hydrocarbon business can work properly, divided to: 1. Legal aspect, 2. Environmental aspect, 3. Technical aspect and 4. Economy aspect. The economic aspect as the key to whether or not a project can be implemented or not in Oil and Gas business scheme, so do Unconventional Hydorcarbon business scheme. The support of regulation are needed to buttress Unconventional Hydorcarbon business grow up and make benefits contribute to Government. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy" title="alternative energy">alternative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20hydrocarbon" title=" unconventional hydrocarbon"> unconventional hydrocarbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20support" title=" regulation support"> regulation support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20strategy" title=" management strategy"> management strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12494/unconventional-hydrocarbon-management-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1731</span> Transportation Language Register as One of Language Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diyah%20Atiek%20Mustikawati">Diyah Atiek Mustikawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language register refers to a variety of a language used for particular purpose or in a particular social setting. Language register also means as a concept of adapting one’s use of language to conform to standards or tradition in a given professional or social situation. This descriptive study tends to discuss about the form of language register in transportation aspect, factors, also the function of use it. Mostly, language register in transportation aspect uses short sentences in form of informal register. The factor caused language register used are speaker, word choice, background of language. The functions of language register in transportations aspect are to make communication between crew easily, also to keep safety when they were in bad condition. Transportation language register developed naturally as one of variety of language used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20register" title="language register">language register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20variety" title=" language variety"> language variety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37039/transportation-language-register-as-one-of-language-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1730</span> Effect of Collector Aspect Ratio on the Thermal Performance of Wavy Finned Absorber Solar Air Heater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Priyam">Abhishek Priyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabha%20Chand"> Prabha Chand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical investigation on the effect of collector aspect ratio on the thermal performance of wavy finned absorber solar air heaters has been performed. For the constant collector area, the various performance parameters have been calculated for plane and wavy finned solar air heaters. It has been found that the performance of wavy finned solar air heater improved with the increase in the collector aspect ratio. The performance of wavy finned solar air heater has been found 30 percent higher than those of plane solar air heater. The obtained results for wavy fin solar air heaters are compared with the available experimental data of most common type solar air heaters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavy%20fin" title="wavy fin">wavy fin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title=" aspect ratio"> aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title=" solar air heater"> solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency" title=" thermal efficiency"> thermal efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collector%20efficiency%20factor" title=" collector efficiency factor"> collector efficiency factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20rise" title=" temperature rise"> temperature rise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42300/effect-of-collector-aspect-ratio-on-the-thermal-performance-of-wavy-finned-absorber-solar-air-heater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1729</span> Focus-Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Aspect-Level Opinion Mining</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Farhadloo">Mohsen Farhadloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Farhadloo"> Majid Farhadloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aspect-level opinion mining that aims at discovering aspects (aspect identification) and their corresponding ratings (sentiment identification) from customer reviews have increasingly attracted attention of researchers and practitioners as it provides valuable insights about products/services from customer's points of view. Instead of addressing aspect identification and sentiment identification in two separate steps, it is possible to simultaneously identify both aspects and sentiments. In recent years many graphical models based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) have been proposed to solve both aspect and sentiment identifications in a single step. Although LDA models have been effective tools for the statistical analysis of document collections, they also have shortcomings in addressing some unique characteristics of opinion mining. Our goal in this paper is to address one of the limitations of topic models to date; that is, they fail to directly model the associations among topics. Indeed in many text corpora, it is natural to expect that subsets of the latent topics have higher probabilities. We propose a probabilistic graphical model called focus-LDA, to better capture the associations among topics when applied to aspect-level opinion mining. Our experiments on real-life data sets demonstrate the improved effectiveness of the focus-LDA model in terms of the accuracy of the predictive distributions over held out documents. Furthermore, we demonstrate qualitatively that the focus-LDA topic model provides a natural way of visualizing and exploring unstructured collection of textual data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect-level%20opinion%20mining" title="aspect-level opinion mining">aspect-level opinion mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20modeling" title=" document modeling"> document modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latent%20Dirichlet%20Allocation" title=" Latent Dirichlet Allocation"> Latent Dirichlet Allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDA" title=" LDA"> LDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121483/focus-latent-dirichlet-allocation-for-aspect-level-opinion-mining" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1728</span> Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis with Multi-Channel and Graph Convolutional Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajun%20Wang">Jiajun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoge%20Li"> Xiaoge Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the aspect-level sentiment analysis task is to identify the sentiment polarity of aspects in a sentence. Currently, most methods mainly focus on using neural networks and attention mechanisms to model the relationship between aspects and context, but they ignore the dependence of words in different ranges in the sentence, resulting in deviation when assigning relationship weight to other words other than aspect words. To solve these problems, we propose a new aspect-level sentiment analysis model that combines a multi-channel convolutional network and graph convolutional network (GCN). Firstly, the context and the degree of association between words are characterized by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and self-attention mechanism. Besides, a multi-channel convolutional network is used to extract the features of words in different ranges. Finally, a convolutional graph network is used to associate the node information of the dependency tree structure. We conduct experiments on four benchmark datasets. The experimental results are compared with those of other models, which shows that our model is better and more effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect-level%20sentiment%20analysis" title="aspect-level sentiment analysis">aspect-level sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title=" attention"> attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-channel%20convolution%20network" title=" multi-channel convolution network"> multi-channel convolution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20convolution%20network" title=" graph convolution network"> graph convolution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency%20tree" title=" dependency tree"> dependency tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146513/aspect-level-sentiment-analysis-with-multi-channel-and-graph-convolutional-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1727</span> Research of Street Aspect Ratio on a Wind Environmental Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Kan">Qi Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Ying"> Xiaoyu Ying</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With a rapid urbanization in China, the high-density new urban-center districts have already changed the microclimate in the city. Because of the using characters of building the commercial pedestrian streets which have emerged massively making a large number of pedestrians appear in there, pedestrian comfort in the commercial streets of the new urban-center districts requires more attention. The different street spatial layout will change the wind environment in the street and then influence the pedestrian comfort. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are used to study the correlation between the street aspect ratio and wind environment, under the simulation with relevant weather conditions. The results show that the wind speed in the city streets is inversely proportional to the street aspect ratio. The conclusion will provide an evaluation basis for urban planners and architects at the beginning stage of the design to effectively avoid the potential poor physical environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20spatial%20layout" title="street spatial layout">street spatial layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20environment" title=" wind environment"> wind environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20aspect%20ratio" title=" street aspect ratio"> street aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20comfort" title=" pedestrian comfort"> pedestrian comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85340/research-of-street-aspect-ratio-on-a-wind-environmental-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1726</span> Service Quality and Consumer Behavior on Metered Taxi Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattapong%20Techarattanased">Nattapong Techarattanased</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research are to make comparisons in respect of the behaviors on the use of the services of metered taxi classified by the demographic factor and to study the influence of the recognition on service quality having the effect on usage behaviors of metered taxi services of consumers in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas. The samples used in this research are 400 metered taxi service users in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas and use a questionnaire as the tool for collecting the data. Analysis statistics is mean and multiple regression analysis. Results of the research revealed that the consumers recognize the overall quality of services in each aspect include tangible aspects of the service, responses to customers, assurance on the confidence, understanding and knowing of customers which is rated at the moderate level except the aspect of the assurance on the confidence and trustworthiness which are rated at a high level. For the result of a hypothetical test, it is found that the quality in providing the services on the aspect of the assurance given to the customers has the effect on the usage behaviors of metered taxi services and the aspect of the frequency on the use of the services per month which in this connection. Such variable can forecast at one point nine percent (1.9%). In addition, quality in providing the services and the aspect of the responses to customers have the effect on the behaviors on the use of metered taxi services on the aspect of the expenses on the use of services per month which in this connection, such variable can forecast at two point one percent (2.1%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metered%20taxi%20service" title=" metered taxi service"> metered taxi service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title=" service quality"> service quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39992/service-quality-and-consumer-behavior-on-metered-taxi-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1725</span> Environmental Quality in Urban Areas: Legal Aspect and Institutional Dimension: A Case Study of Algeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youcef%20Lakhdar%20Hamina">Youcef Lakhdar Hamina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to tame the ecological damage specificity, it is imperative to assert the procedural and objective liability aspect, which leads us to analyse current trends based on the development of preventive civil liability based on the precautionary principle. Our research focuses on the instruments of the environment protection in urban areas based on two complementary aspects appearing contradictory and refer directly to the institutional dimensions: - The preventive aspect: considered as a main objective of the environmental policy which highlights the different legal mechanisms for the environment protection by highlighting the role of administration in its implementation (environmental planning, tax incentives, modes of participation of all actors, etc.). - The healing-repressive aspect: considered as an approach for the identification of ecological damage and the forms of reparation (spatial and temporal-responsibility) to the impossibility of predicting with rigor and precision, the appearance of ecological damage, which cannot be avoided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20law" title="environmental law">environmental law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20taxes" title=" environmental taxes"> environmental taxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20damage" title=" environmental damage"> environmental damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco%20responsibility" title=" eco responsibility"> eco responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precautionary%20principle" title=" precautionary principle"> precautionary principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management "> environmental management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23310/environmental-quality-in-urban-areas-legal-aspect-and-institutional-dimension-a-case-study-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1724</span> Teacher Mental Health during Online Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Desiana%20Mayasari">Elisabeth Desiana Mayasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurensia%20Aptik%20Evanjeli"> Laurensia Aptik Evanjeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brigitta%20Erlita%20Tri%20Anggadewi"> Brigitta Erlita Tri Anggadewi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic demands adaptation in various aspects of human life, including in the field of education. Teachers are expected to do distance learning or Learning From Home (LFH). The teacher said that he experienced stress, anxiety, feeling depressed, and afraid based on the interview. Learning adaptations and pandemic situations can impact the mental health of teachers, so the purpose of this study is to determine the mental health of teachers while teaching online. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach using a survey method. The subjects in this study were 330 elementary school teachers under the auspices of a foundation in Yogyakarta. Teachers' mental health was measured using the Indonesian version of The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), which has a reliability of 0.888. The results showed that the teachers generally had a good mental health condition marked by a lower negative aspect score than the positive aspect. In addition, the overall mental health aspect shows that some teachers have better mental health when compared to the average score, as well as higher positive aspect scores in all sub-aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title="mental health">mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher" title=" teacher"> teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHI-38" title=" MHI-38"> MHI-38</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143897/teacher-mental-health-during-online-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1723</span> Design an Expert System to Assess the Hydraulic System in Thermal and Hydrodynamic Aspect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abdul-Razzak%20Aboudi%20Al-Issa">Ahmad Abdul-Razzak Aboudi Al-Issa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal and Hydrodynamic are basic aspects in any hydraulic system and therefore, they must be assessed with regard to this aspect before constructing the system. This assessment needs a good expertise in this aspect to obtain an efficient hydraulic system. Therefore, this study aims to build an expert system called Hydraulic System Calculations (HSC) to ensure a smooth operation for the hydraulic system. The expert system (HSC) had been designed and coded in an user-friendly interactive program called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010. The suggested code provides the designer with a number of choices to resolve the problem of hydraulic oil overheating which may arise during the continuous operation of the hydraulic unit. As a result, the HSC can minimize the human errors, effort, time and cost of hydraulic machine design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20power" title="fluid power">fluid power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20system" title=" hydraulic system"> hydraulic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20and%20hydrodynamic" title=" thermal and hydrodynamic"> thermal and hydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4076/design-an-expert-system-to-assess-the-hydraulic-system-in-thermal-and-hydrodynamic-aspect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1722</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer in Rectangular Mini-Channels for Rocket Cooling Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Anwar%20Beg">O. Anwar Beg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armghan%20Zubair"> Armghan Zubair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sireetorn%20Kuharat"> Sireetorn Kuharat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meisam%20Babaie"> Meisam Babaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, motivated by rocket channel cooling applications, we describe recent CFD simulations of turbulent convective heat transfer in mini-channels at different aspect ratios. ANSYS FLUENT software has been employed with a mean average error of 5.97% relative to Forrest’s MIT cooling channel study (2014) at a Reynolds number of 50,443 with a Prandtl number of 3.01. This suggests that the simulation model created for turbulent flow was suitable to set as a foundation for the study of different aspect ratios in the channel. Multiple aspect ratios were also considered to understand the influence of high aspect ratios to analyse the best performing cooling channel, which was determined to be the highest aspect ratio channels. Hence, the approximate 28:1 aspect ratio provided the best characteristics to ensure effective cooling. A mesh convergence study was performed to assess the optimum mesh density to collect accurate results. Hence, for this study an element size of 0.05mm was used to generate 579,120 for proper turbulent flow simulation. Deploying a greater bias factor would increase the mesh density to the furthest edges of the channel which would prove to be useful if the focus of the study was just on a single side of the wall. Since a bulk temperature is involved with the calculations, it is essential to ensure a suitable bias factor is used to ensure the reliability of the results. Hence, in this study we have opted to use a bias factor of 5 to allow greater mesh density at both edges of the channel. However, the limitations on mesh density and hardware have curtailed the sophistication achievable for the turbulence characteristics. Also only linear rectangular channels were considered, i.e. curvature was ignored. Furthermore, we only considered conventional water coolant. From this CFD study the variation of aspect ratio provided a deeper appreciation of the effect of small to high aspect ratios with regard to cooling channels. Hence, when considering an application for the channel, the geometry of the aspect ratio must play a crucial role in optimizing cooling performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20channel%20cooling" title="rocket channel cooling">rocket channel cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20FLUENT%20CFD" title=" ANSYS FLUENT CFD"> ANSYS FLUENT CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convection%20heat%20transfer" title=" convection heat transfer"> convection heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96800/computational-fluid-dynamics-simulation-of-turbulent-convective-heat-transfer-in-rectangular-mini-channels-for-rocket-cooling-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1721</span> Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward the Preventive Aspect of the COVID-19 among University Nursing Students at the University of Sunderland 2021, in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasalanka%20Chamara%20Karunanayaka%20Pathirannehelage">Sasalanka Chamara Karunanayaka Pathirannehelage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Connelly"> Sarah Connelly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19 are crucial for effective control and prevention of the disease. Sociodemographic factors can associate with KAP. This study aims to investigate KAP towards the preventive aspect of COVID-19 and associate sociodemographic factors among university nursing students at the University of Sunderland, 2021, United Kingdom. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 63 university nursing students between the 1st of July and the 13th of August 2021. A previously used, validated, self-administered questionnaire was applied to assess nursing students' KAP levels. Cross tabulation and chi-square were used to identify the associated sociodemographic factors with KAP. Results: Good knowledge was shown by 98.4% of respondents. 84.1 % of respondents reported positive attitudes, while 90.5% of respondents reported good practices toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19. The knowledge score of the students was significantly associated (p = 0.03) with the ethnicity of the respondents. Students' attitudes were significantly associated (p<0.05) with students' sex, student status (home student, international student), and course type (undergraduate student, postgraduate student). Student's age, student status, and course type were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with practices toward the preventive aspect of COVID-19. Conclusion: The finding of the study suggested that the university nursing student at the University of Sunderland demonstrate good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice level towards the preventive aspect of COVID-19. Associated factors like age, sex, student status, and course type should be considered for effective strategies against COVID-19 as well as for future outbreaks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20students" title=" nursing students"> nursing students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156305/exploring-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-toward-the-preventive-aspect-of-the-covid-19-among-university-nursing-students-at-the-university-of-sunderland-2021-in-the-united-kingdom-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1720</span> Comprehensive Studio Tables: Improving Performance and Quality of Student's Work in Architecture Studio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kalkatechi">Maryam Kalkatechi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architecture students spent most of their qualitative time in studios during their years of study. The studio table’s importance as furniture in the studio is that it elevates the quality of the projects and positively influences the student’s productivity. This paper first describes the aspects considered in designing comprehensive studio table and later details on each aspect. Comprehensive studio tables are meant to transform the studio space to an efficient yet immense place of learning, collaboration, and participation. One aspect of these tables is that the surface transforms to a place of accommodation for design conversations, the other aspect of these tables is the efficient interactive platform of the tools. The discussion factors of the comprehensive studio include; the comprehensive studio setting of workspaces, the arrangement of the comprehensive studio tables, the collaboration aspects in the studio, the studio display and lightings shaped by the tables and lighting of the studio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=studio%20tables" title="studio tables">studio tables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20performance" title=" student performance"> student performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hologram" title=" hologram"> hologram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printer" title=" 3D printer"> 3D printer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78656/comprehensive-studio-tables-improving-performance-and-quality-of-students-work-in-architecture-studio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1719</span> Study of Bifurcation Curve with Aspect Ratio at Low Reynolds Number</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Singh">Amit K. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhankar%20Sen"> Subhankar Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bifurcation curve of separation in steady two-dimensional viscous flow past an elliptic cylinder is studied by varying the angle of incidence (α) with different aspect ratio (ratio of minor to major axis). The solutions are based on numerical investigation, using finite element analysis, of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow. Results are presented for Reynolds number up to 50 and angle of incidence varies from 0° to 90°. Range of aspect ratio (Ar) is from 0.1 to 1 (in steps of 0.1) and flow is considered as unbounded flow. Bifurcation curve represents the locus of Reynolds numbers (Res) at which flow detaches or separates from the surface of the body at a given α and Ar. In earlier studies, effect of Ar on laminar separation curve or bifurcation curve is limited for Ar = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8. Some results are also available at α = 90° and 45°. The present study attempts to provide a systematic data and clear understanding on the effect of Ar at bifurcation curve and its point of maxima. In addition, issues regarding location of separation angle and maximum ratio of coefficient of lift to drag are studied. We found that nature of curve, separation angle and maximum ratio of lift to drag changes considerably with respect to change in Ar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation%20curve" title=" bifurcation curve"> bifurcation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20cylinder" title=" elliptic cylinder"> elliptic cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMRES" title=" GMRES"> GMRES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilized%20finite-element" title=" stabilized finite-element"> stabilized finite-element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40551/study-of-bifurcation-curve-with-aspect-ratio-at-low-reynolds-number" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1718</span> Urbanization in Delhi: A Multiparameter Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishu%20Surender">Ishu Surender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amez%20Khair"> M. Amez Khair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishan%20Singh"> Ishan Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urbanization is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is an indication of the long-term process for the shift of economics to industrial from rural. The significance of urbanization in modernization, socio-economic development, and poverty eradication is relevant in modern times. This paper aims to study the urbanization index model in the capital of India, Delhi using aspects such as demographic aspect, infrastructural development aspect, and economic development aspect. The urbanization index of all the nine districts of Delhi will be determined using multiple parameters such as population density and the availability of health and education facilities. The definition of the urban area varies from city to city and requires periodic classification which makes direct comparisons difficult. The urbanization index calculated in this paper can be employed to measure the urbanization of a district and compare the level of urbanization in different districts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiparameter" title="multiparameter">multiparameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20density" title=" population density"> population density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20regression" title=" multiple regression"> multiple regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20urbanization%20index" title=" normalized urbanization index"> normalized urbanization index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150390/urbanization-in-delhi-a-multiparameter-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1717</span> Layout Design Optimization of Spars under Multiple Load Cases of the High-Aspect-Ratio Wing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Li">Yu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingwu%20He"> Jingwu He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuexi%20Xiong"> Yuexi Xiong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spar layout will affect the wing’s stiffness characteristics, and irrational spar arrangement will reduce the overall bending and twisting resistance capacity of the wing. In this paper, the active structural stiffness design theory is used to match the stiffness-center axis position and load-cases under the corresponding multiple flight conditions, in order to achieve better stiffness properties of the wing. The combination of active stiffness method and principle of stiffness distribution is proved to be reasonable supplying an initial reference for wing designing. The optimized layout of spars is eventually obtained, and the high-aspect-ratio wing will have better stiffness characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20structural%20stiffness%20design%20theory" title="active structural stiffness design theory">active structural stiffness design theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-aspect-ratio%20wing" title=" high-aspect-ratio wing"> high-aspect-ratio wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20load%20cases" title=" flight load cases"> flight load cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layout%20of%20spars" title=" layout of spars"> layout of spars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74300/layout-design-optimization-of-spars-under-multiple-load-cases-of-the-high-aspect-ratio-wing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1716</span> A Study on the Etching Characteristics of High aspect ratio Oxide Etching Using C4F6 Plasma in Inductively Coupled Plasma with Low Frequency Bias</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ByungJun%20Woo">ByungJun Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, high-aspect-ratio (HAR) oxide etching characteristics in inductively coupled plasma were investigated using low frequency (2 MHz) bias power with C4F6 gas. An experiment was conducted using CF4/C4F6/He as the mixed gas. A 100 nm (etch area)/500 nm (mask area) line patterns were used, and the etch cross-section and etch selectivity of the amorphous carbon layer thin film were derived using a scanning electron microscope. Ion density was extracted using a double Langmuir probe, and CFx and F neutral species were observed via optical emission spectroscopy. Based on these results, the possibility for HAR oxide etching using C4F6 gas chemistry was suggested in this work. These etching results also indicate that the use of C4F6 gas can significantly contribute to the development of next-generation HAR oxide etching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title="plasma">plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=etching" title=" etching"> etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C4F6" title=" C4F6"> C4F6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20aspect%20ratio" title=" high aspect ratio"> high aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductively%20coupled%20plasma" title=" inductively coupled plasma"> inductively coupled plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183420/a-study-on-the-etching-characteristics-of-high-aspect-ratio-oxide-etching-using-c4f6-plasma-in-inductively-coupled-plasma-with-low-frequency-bias" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-mining%20aspect&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-mining%20aspect&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-mining%20aspect&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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