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Treść dostępna w 71 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار غوبند خورانا – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هار غوبند خورانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="হর গোবিন্দ খোরানা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হর গোবিন্দ খোরানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хар Гобінд Карана – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хар Гобінд Карана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Χαρ Γκομπίντ Χοράνα – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρ Γκομπίντ Χοράνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B._%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6_%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="ડો. હરગોવિંદ ખુરાના – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડો. હરગોવિંદ ખુરાના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – konkani (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B3%A0%EB%B9%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%BD%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98" title="하르 고빈드 코라나 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하르 고빈드 코라나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הר גובינד קוראנה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הר גובינד קוראנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಹರಗೋಬಿಂದ ಖುರಾನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹರಗೋಬಿಂದ ಖುರಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰარ გობინდ ხორანა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰარ გობინდ ხორანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хар Гобинд Корана – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хар Гобинд Корана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Khorana" title="Har Khorana – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Har Khorana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hars_Gobinds_Korana" title="Hars Gobinds Korana – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hars Gobinds Korana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഹർ ഗോവിന്ദ്‌ ഖുരാന – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹർ ഗോവിന്ദ്‌ ഖുരാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविंद खुराणा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरगोविंद खुराणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰარ გობინდ კორანა – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰარ გობინდ კორანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار جوبند خورانا – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هار جوبند خورانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A" title="ハー・ゴビンド・コラナ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハー・ゴビンド・コラナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ହରଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ଖୁରାନା – orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହରଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ଖୁରାନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਖੁਰਾਣਾ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਖੁਰਾਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہر گوبند کھُرانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہر گوبند کھُرانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Khorana" title="Har Khorana – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Har Khorana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Корана, Хар Гобинд – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корана, Хар Гобинд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%81" title="ہرگوبند کھراݨہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہرگوبند کھراݨہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هرب گوبند ڳورانا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هرب گوبند ڳورانا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ھار گۆبید خورانا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھار گۆبید خورانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Korana" title="Har Gobind Korana – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Har Gobind Korana" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Korana" title="Har Gobind Korana – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Har Gobind Korana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="ஹர் கோவிந்த் கொரானா – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹர் கோவிந்த் கொரானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="హరగోవింద్ ఖొరానా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హరగోవింద్ ఖొరానా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гар Гобінд Корана – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гар Гобінд Корана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہر گوبند کھرانا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہر گوبند کھرانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%AE%BE%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3" title="哈尔·葛宾·科拉纳 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈尔·葛宾·科拉纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D" title="哈爾·葛賓·科拉納 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Har Gobind Khorana</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Har Gobind Khorana (lata 50. XX w.)"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg/170px-Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg/256px-Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg/341px-Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><br />Har Gobind Khorana (lata 50. XX w.) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">9 stycznia 1922</span> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raipur_(Pend%C5%BCab)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raipur (Pendżab) (strona nie istnieje)">Raipur</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">9 listopada 2011</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Concord_(Massachusetts)" title="Concord (Massachusetts)">Concord</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">profesor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Biologia_molekularna" title="Biologia molekularna">biologia molekularna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uczelnia </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Kolumbii_Brytyjskiej" title="Uniwersytet Kolumbii Brytyjskiej">Uniwersytet Kolumbii Brytyjskiej</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Odznaczenia</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="Narodowy Medal Nauki (USA)"><img alt="Narodowy Medal Nauki (USA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg/40px-USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-USA_Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Padma_Vibhushan" title="Order Padma Vibhushan (Indie)"><img alt="Order Padma Vibhushan (Indie)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png/40px-IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png/60px-IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png/80px-IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_William_Holley" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_William_Holley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert William Holley">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Har Gobind Khorana</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/9_stycznia" title="9 stycznia">9 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> w <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raipur_(Pend%C5%BCab)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raipur (Pendżab) (strona nie istnieje)">Raipur</a> w <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pend%C5%BCab_Zachodni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendżab Zachodni (strona nie istnieje)">Pendżabie Zachodnim</a>, wówczas <a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Indie Brytyjskie</a>, obecnie <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/9_listopada" title="9 listopada">9 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> w Concord, Massachusetts) – <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">amerykański</a> <a href="/wiki/Biologia_molekularna" title="Biologia molekularna">biolog molekularny</a> pochodzenia pendżabskiego, <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedziny fizjologii lub medycyny</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Gobind_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Gobind_Khorana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ojciec Har Gobind Khorany pełnił funkcję patwari (urzędnika zajmującego się podatkami rolniczymi w <a href="/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie">Indiach Brytyjskich</a>, dlatego członkowie jego rodziny (córka i czterech synów, z których Har Gobind Khorana był najmłodszy) byli jedynymi piśmiennymi mieszkańcami wsi liczącej ok. 100 osób<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize_bio-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Har Gobind Khorana uczęszczał do szkoły średniej (D.A.V. High School) w <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, a następnie podjął studia na <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a> w <a href="/wiki/Lahaur" title="Lahaur">Lahaurze</a>, uzyskując B.Sc. w 1943 i M.Sc w 1945. W tym samym roku uzyskał stypendium rządowe i wyjechał kontynuować edukację na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>, gdzie w 1948 roku uzyskał tytuł doktora. W latach 1948–1949 odbywał staż podoktorski na <a href="/wiki/Politechnika_Federalna_w_Zurychu" title="Politechnika Federalna w Zurychu">ETH</a> w <a href="/wiki/Zurych" title="Zurych">Zurychu</a>, gdzie współpracował z <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimirem Prelogiem</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize_bio-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Po krótkim pobycie w <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indiach</a> ponownie przyjechał do Anglii i podjął pracę na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. Spędził na nim dwa lata (1950-1952), prowadząc badania dotyczące białek i kwasów nukleinowych. Współpracował wówczas z <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wallace_Kenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Wallace Kenner (strona nie istnieje)">George’em Kennerem</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Alexandrem Toddem</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize_bio-1">[1]</a></sup>. W 1952 wyjechał do <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanady</a>, gdzie pracował na <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Kolumbii_Brytyjskiej" title="Uniwersytet Kolumbii Brytyjskiej">University of British Columbia</a>, do 1960 roku. W latach 1960–1970 pracował na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a>, a od 1971 na <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. W 1966 roku uzyskał obywatelstwo amerykańskie<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Badania prowadzone przez Har Gobind Khorana w latach 60 potwierdziły ustalenia <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshalla Nirenberga</a>, który postulował, że sposób, w jaki cztery różne typy nukleotydów są rozmieszczone na spiralnych „schodach” cząsteczki DNA, determinuje skład chemiczny i funkcję nowej komórki. 64 możliwe kombinacje nukleotydów odczytywane są wzdłuż nici DNA co prowadzi do wytworzenia aminokwasów potrzebnych do budowy określonych białek. Khorana uzupełnił badania Nirenberga, wskazując, które szeregowe kombinacje nukleotydów tworzą konkretne aminokwasy. Udowodnił również, że kod jest zawsze przekazywany do komórki w grupach po trzy nukleotydy, zwanych <a href="/wiki/Kodon" title="Kodon">kodonami</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>W latach 70 zespół badawczy Har Gobind Khorana, doprowadził do otrzymania pierwszego syntetycznego genu drożdży. Badał on również molekularne mechanizmy leżące u podstaw widzenia kręgowców, w tym badania budowy i funkcji <a href="/wiki/Rodopsyna" title="Rodopsyna">rodopsyny</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagrodę Nobla</a> otrzymał w <a href="/wiki/1968_w_nauce" title="1968 w nauce">1968</a> roku wraz z <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Robertem Holleyem</a> i <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshallem Nirenbergiem</a> za odszyfrowanie <a href="/wiki/Kod_genetyczny" title="Kod genetyczny">kodu genetycznego</a> i jego roli w <a href="/wiki/Biosynteza_bia%C5%82ka" title="Biosynteza białka">syntezie białek</a>. Również w 1968 roku otrzymał <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lasker_Award_for_Basic_Medical_Research" title="Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research">Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research</a>, a w 1987 roku – <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 1994 <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_im._Adama_Mickiewicza_w_Poznaniu" title="Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu">Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza</a> przyznał mu tytuł <a href="/wiki/Doktor_honoris_causa" title="Doktor honoris causa">doktora honoris causa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Gobind_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Gobind_Khorana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize_bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1968/khorana/biographical/">H. Gobind Khorana Biographical</a>. [w:] <i>nobelprize.org</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2019-12-18]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Gobind-Khorana"><i>Har Gobind Khorana</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-12-18]</span><span class="Z3988" 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Szablon:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Pawłow</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laveran" title="Charles Laveran">Laveran</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Miecznikow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Forßmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa_de_Albornoz" title="Severo Ochoa de Albornoz">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Huggins" title="Charles Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Holley</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Day_Hershey" title="Alfred Day Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">Snell</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">Vane</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hitchings" title="George Hitchings">Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doherty" title="Peter Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Furchgott" title="Robert Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Robert_Horvitz" title="Howard Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin’ya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M.-B. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_O%E2%80%99Keefe" title="John O’Keefe">O’Keefe</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Alter" title="Harvey Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)" title="Szablon:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 80. XX w.)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 80. XX w.) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (lata 80. XX w.)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1981</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Handler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Handler (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Handler</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1982</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_W._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip W. Anderson (strona nie istnieje)">Philip W. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_W._Burton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn W. Burton (strona nie istnieje)">Glenn W. Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Albert_Cotton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Albert Cotton (strona nie istnieje)">F. Albert Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Heinemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Heinemann (strona nie istnieje)">Ed Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_L._Katz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald L. Katz (strona nie istnieje)">Donald L. Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Stone" title="Marshall Stone">Marshall Harvey Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1983</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_L._Bachrach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard L. Bachrach (strona nie istnieje)">Howard L. Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Heine_Goldstine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Heine Goldstine (strona nie istnieje)">Hermann Heine Goldstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">William Hewlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_E._Landsberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut E. Landsberg (strona nie istnieje)">Helmut E. Landsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Michael_Low&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Michael Low (strona nie istnieje)">George Michael Low</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Munk_(naukowiec)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Munk (naukowiec) (strona nie istnieje)">Walter Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Pimentel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Pimentel (strona nie istnieje)">George C. Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendell_L._Roelofs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendell L. Roelofs (strona nie istnieje)">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berta_Scharrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berta Scharrer (strona nie istnieje)">Berta Scharrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isadore_M._Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isadore M. Singer (strona nie istnieje)">Isadore M. Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_G._Trump&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John G. Trump (strona nie istnieje)">John G. Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_N._Zare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard N. Zare (strona nie istnieje)">Richard N. Zare</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1986</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_J._Buchsbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum (strona nie istnieje)">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_R._Crane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace R. Crane (strona nie istnieje)">Horace R. Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Feshbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Feshbach (strona nie istnieje)">Herman Feshbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Gray (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Henderson (strona nie istnieje)">Donald Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann (strona nie istnieje)">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tung-Yen_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tung-Yen Lin (strona nie istnieje)">Tung-Yen Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_S._Marvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl S. Marvel (strona nie istnieje)">Carl S. Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Mountcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Mountcastle (strona nie istnieje)">Vernon Mountcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_M._Oliver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard M. Oliver (strona nie istnieje)">Bernard M. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Steitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Steitz (strona nie istnieje)">Joan Steitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Westheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Westheimer (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Westheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1987</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hauge_Abelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Hauge Abelson (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Hauge Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Bird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Bird (strona nie istnieje)">Robert B. Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ellis_DeBakey" title="Michael Ellis DeBakey">Michael Ellis DeBakey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_O._Diener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor O. Diener (strona nie istnieje)">Theodor O. Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Eagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Eagle (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Elsasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Elsasser (strona nie istnieje)">Walter Elsasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Summer_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Summer Johnson (strona nie istnieje)">William Summer Johnson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Christian_Lauterbur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Christian Lauterbur (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Christian Lauterbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Pake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Pake (strona nie istnieje)">George Pake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Bolton_Seed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Bolton Seed (strona nie istnieje)">H. Bolton Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_H._Stockmayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter H. Stockmayer (strona nie istnieje)">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Tishler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Tishler (strona nie istnieje)">Max Tishler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James van Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Weber_(in%C5%BCynier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Weber (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">Ernst Weber</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1988</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_O._Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William O. Baker (strona nie istnieje)">William O. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Allan_Bromley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Allan Bromley (strona nie istnieje)">David Allan Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Chu (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley N. Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_James_Corey_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias James Corey Jr. (strona nie istnieje)">Elias James Corey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Drucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Drucker (strona nie istnieje)">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Leonard_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Leonard Goldstein (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Leonard Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Gomory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Gomory (strona nie istnieje)">Ralph Gomory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Hawkins (strona nie istnieje)">Willis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Housner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Housner (strona nie istnieje)">George W. Housner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_B._Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph B. Keller (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph B. Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_F._Ramsey" title="Norman F. Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1989</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Orville_Beckman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Orville Beckman (strona nie istnieje)">Arnold Orville Beckman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Bernstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Bernstein (strona nie istnieje)">Richard B. Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_George_Drickamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry George Drickamer (strona nie istnieje)">Harry George Drickamer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Esau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Esau (strona nie istnieje)">Katherine Esau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Grier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Grier (strona nie istnieje)">Herbert Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Hamburger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Hamburger (strona nie istnieje)">Viktor Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Karlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Karlin (strona nie istnieje)">Samuel Karlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Leder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Leder (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Leder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Rudolph Arthur Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harden_M._McConnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harden M. McConnell (strona nie istnieje)">Harden M. McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_P._Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert P. Sharp (strona nie istnieje)">Robert P. Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Spencer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Spencer (strona nie istnieje)">Donald Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Stommel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Stommel (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Stommel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harland_G._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harland G. Wood (strona nie istnieje)">Harland G. Wood</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/100px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/150px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/200px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110447138">0000000110447138</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/22355050">22355050</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n83827435">n83827435</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1017046506">1017046506</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/khwz07133ps2z89">khwz07133ps2z89</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144033259">144033259</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/070730067">070730067</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/nlk20000083430">nlk20000083430</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p072366370">072366370</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2181327A">OL2181327A</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5758172A">OL5758172A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202003043115">n2003043115</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007383574705171">987007383574705171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3921972.html">3921972</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Gobind-Khorana">biography/Har-Gobind-Khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/har-gobind-khorana/">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/har-gobind-khorana">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/har-gobind-khorana/">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/har-gobind-khorana">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Har_Gobind_Khorana">Har_Gobind_Khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/har-gobind-khorana/">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0464405.xml">0464405</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Har_Gobind_Khorana">Har_Gobind_Khorana</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=31363">31363</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1153" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1153">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36050464100">36050464100</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" 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Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu">Doktorzy honoris causa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Nobli%C5%9Bci_%E2%80%93_fizjologia_i_medycyna" title="Kategoria:Nobliści – fizjologia i medycyna">Nobliści – fizjologia i medycyna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_orderem_Padma_Vibhushan" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni orderem Padma Vibhushan">Odznaczeni orderem Padma Vibhushan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1922" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1922">Urodzeni w 1922</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wyk%C5%82adowcy_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Kategoria:Wykładowcy Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Wykładowcy Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_2011" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 2011">Zmarli w 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science" title="Kategoria:Laureaci National Medal of Science">Laureaci National Medal of Science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Absolwenci_Uniwersytetu_w_Liverpoolu" title="Kategoria:Absolwenci Uniwersytetu w Liverpoolu">Absolwenci Uniwersytetu w Liverpoolu</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 25 kwi 2024, 09:39.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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