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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mughal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalhora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalhora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kalhora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalhora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talpur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talpur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Talpur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talpur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>British</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hindu_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hindu temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="تتا (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تتا (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="ठट्टा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ठट्टा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatta" title="Tatta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tatta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="থাট্টা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থাট্টা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta_(kapital_sa_distrito_sa_Pakistan)" title="Thatta (kapital sa distrito sa Pakistan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Thatta (kapital sa distrito sa Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%87" title="تهته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تهته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="ठट्टा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ठट्टा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%94" title="טהאטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טהאטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="თატა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თატა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Татта – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Татта" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thata" title="Thata – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Thata" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatta" title="Tatta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tatta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="タッター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タッター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatta" title="Tatta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tatta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A0%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਠੱਟਾ (ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਠੱਟਾ (ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="ٹھٹا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹھٹا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Татта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Татта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BA%D9%BD%D9%88" title="ٺٽو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٺٽو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thatta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%B9%DB%81" title="ٹھٹہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹھٹہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%81%94%E5%B8%82" title="特達市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特達市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thatta&params=24_44_46_N_67_55_28_E_type:city_region:PK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°44′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°55′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.74611°N 67.92444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.74611; 67.92444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Sindh. For the district, see <a href="/wiki/Thatta_District" title="Thatta District">Thatta District</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thatta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thatta (disambiguation)">Thatta (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tatta" title="Tatta">Tatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahta" title="Tahta">Tahta</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tanta" title="Tanta">Tanta</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Sindh, Pakistan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Thatta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٺٽو</span>‎ <br /> <span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٹھٹہ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thatta_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from top: View of the Makli Necropolis, Tomb of Isa Khan Hussain at the necropolis, exterior and interior views of the Shah Jahan Mosque"><img alt="Clockwise from top: View of the Makli Necropolis, Tomb of Isa Khan Hussain at the necropolis, exterior and interior views of the Shah Jahan Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Thatta_collage.jpg/250px-Thatta_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Thatta_collage.jpg/375px-Thatta_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Thatta_collage.jpg/500px-Thatta_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: View of the <a href="/wiki/Makli_Necropolis" title="Makli Necropolis">Makli Necropolis</a>, Tomb of <i>Isa Khan Hussain</i> at the necropolis, exterior and interior views of the <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The City of Silence</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thatta is located in Sindh"><img alt="Thatta is located in Sindh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg/250px-Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg/375px-Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg/500px-Pakistan-Sindh-location-map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.774%;left:32.146%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thatta"><img alt="Thatta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Thatta</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, Pakistan</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sindh</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thatta is located in Pakistan"><img alt="Thatta is located in Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/250px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/375px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/500px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:90.316%;left:37.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thatta"><img alt="Thatta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Thatta</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Thatta (Pakistan)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pakistan</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thatta&params=24_44_46_N_67_55_28_E_type:city_region:PK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°44′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°55′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.74611°N 67.92444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.74611; 67.92444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Pakistan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Pakistan">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thatta_District" title="Thatta District">Thatta District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">220,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Standard_Time" title="Pakistan Standard Time">PKT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highways of Pakistan">Highways</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/35px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/52px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/69px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="524" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/N-5_National_Highway" title="N-5 National Highway">N-5</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thatta</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>: <span lang="sd" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٺٽو</span>‎</span>, <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʈ<sup>ɦ</sup>əʈːoː]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٹھٹہ</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ʈ<sup>ɦ</sup>əʈːɑː]</a>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Pakistani province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by <a href="/wiki/Jam_Nizamuddin_II" title="Jam Nizamuddin II">Jam Nizamuddin II</a> in 1495. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's <a href="/wiki/Makli_Necropolis" title="Makli Necropolis">Makli Necropolis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque</a> is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of <a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">tile work</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khazeni_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khazeni-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Thatta</i> refers to riverside settlements. Villagers in the rural areas of lower Sindh often refer to the city as <i>Thatta Nagar</i>, or simply <i>Nagar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of Thatta, one of the oldest towns, was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> term <i>Tah-Tah</i> which literally means "layer over layer", signifying a settlement that has gone through various civilizations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mir_Ali_Sher_Qani_Thattvi" title="Mir Ali Sher Qani Thattvi">Ḳāni</a>, an 18th century scholar, gave two theories regarding the etymology of Thatta. The first theory suggests that Thatta is a distortion of ‘Teh Teh’ which refers to the migration of people from northern cities to Thatta. The second theory suggests that the name originates from <i>thatt</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> term for a place of gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early">Early</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thatta may be the <a href="/wiki/Regio_Patalis" title="Regio Patalis">site of ancient Patala</a>, the main port on the Indus in the time of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the site of Patala has been subject to much debate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before it, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> called it <b>Sarnee Nagar</b>, but in 332 BC, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> first time called it Pattala or Patala then it became <b>Nagar Tatta</b> in <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Period</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Qasim">Muhammad bin Qasim</a> captured the region in 711 CE after the defeating the local Raja in a battle north of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatta</a>. Thatta is reported by some historians to have been the ancient seaport of <i><a href="/wiki/Debal" title="Debal">Debal</a></i> that was mentioned by the Arab conquerors, though others place the seaport at the site of modern <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> conquests, small semi-nomadic tribes were living in the <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> region. The <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> conquest introduced the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> into the hitherto mostly <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg/220px-PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg/330px-PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg/440px-PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img20_Makli_Necropolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6894" data-file-height="4309" /></a><figcaption>Thatta's <a href="/wiki/Makli_Necropolis" title="Makli Necropolis">Makli Necropolis</a> features several monumental tombs dating from the 14th to 18th centuries.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud of Ghazna">Mahmud of Ghazna</a>'s invasion of Sindh in the early 11th century, the Ghaznavids installed Abdul Razzaq as Governor of Thatta in 1026.<sup id="cite_ref-Rickmers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rickmers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznavid">Ghaznavids</a> the local chieftain Ibn Sumar, then ruler of <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, seized power in Sindh and founded the <a href="/wiki/Sumra_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumra dynasty">Sumra dynasty</a>, which ruled from Thatta from 1051 for the next 300 years. Under Sumra rule, Thatta's <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a> Shia population was granted special protection.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sumra dynasty began to decline in power by the 13th century, though Thatta and the Indus Delta remained their last bastions of power until the mid 14th century. </p><p>In 1351, the <a href="/wiki/Samma_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Samma Dynasty">Samma Dynasty</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> descent from <a href="/wiki/Sehwan" title="Sehwan">Sehwan</a>, seized the city and made it their capital as well. It was during this time that the <a href="/wiki/Makli_Necropolis" title="Makli Necropolis">Makli Necropolis</a> rose to prominence as a funerary site. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughluq" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a> died in 1351 during a campaign to capture Thatta.<sup id="cite_ref-murray_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murray-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Firuz_Shah_Tughlaq" title="Firuz Shah Tughlaq">Firuz Shah Tughlaq</a> unsuccessfully attempted to subjugate Thatta twice; once in 1361 and again in 1365.<sup id="cite_ref-Rickmers_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rickmers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese">Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1520, the Samma ruler <a href="/wiki/Jam_Feroz" title="Jam Feroz">Jam Feroz</a> was defeated by Shah Beg of the <a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a>-Tarkhun dynasty, which in turn had been displaced from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> by the expanding <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> in Central Asia. The Tarkhuns fell into disarray in the mid-1500s, prompting Muhammad Isa Tarkhun (Mirza Isa Khan I) to seek aid from the Portuguese in 1555. 700 Portuguese soldiers arrived in 28 ships to determine, at the time of their arrival, that Isa Tarkhun had already emerged victorious from the conflict. After the Tarkhuns refused to pay the Portuguese soldiers, the Portuguese plundered the town, robbing its enormous gold treasury, and killing many inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the 1557 <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Thatta">Sack of Thatta</a>, the 16th century Portuguese historian <a href="/wiki/Diogo_do_Couto" title="Diogo do Couto">Diogo do Couto</a> described Thatta as one of the richest cities of the Orient.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, some <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> presence was early in the 16th century with the conquest of Hormuz by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> in 1507, which started the relationship with Sindi.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the first decade of the 16th century, traders created a factory (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">feitoria</i></span>), and at the end of the 16th century a religious Order (Carmelitas Descalços) <a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites</a> a convent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughal">Mughal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mughal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG/220px-Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG/330px-Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG/440px-Interior_of_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4682" /></a><figcaption>Thatta's <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque</a> features extensive tile work that displays <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a> influences introduced from Central Asia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city was destroyed by Mirza Jani Beg in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdo_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1592 during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, Thatta was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> based in Agra, which lead to a decline in the city's prosperity as some trade was shifted towards other Mughal ports.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, while still a prince, sought refuge in the city from his father Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>. In his reign, <a href="/wiki/Sind_State" title="Sind State">Thatta Subah</a> was carved out of <a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Multan" title="Subah of Multan">Subah of Multan</a>, with provincial capital in Thatta. It consisted of modern Sindh. In 1626, Shah Jahan's 13th son, Lutfallah, was born in Thatta.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicoll_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicoll-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was almost destroyed by a devastating storm in 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-asher_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asher-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a token of gratitude for the hospitality he had received in the city while still a prince, Shah Jahan bestowed the <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque</a> to the city in 1647 as part of the city's rebuilding efforts, although it was not completed until 1659 under the reign of his son <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asher_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asher-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor Aurangzeb himself had also lived in Thatta for some time as <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> of the lower Sindh. </p><p>Thatta regained some of its prosperity with the arrival of European merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1652 and 1660, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> had a small trading post (<i>comptoir</i> or factory) in Thatta.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This competed with the English one, which was established in 1635 and closed in 1662. Thatta in the 1650s was noted to have 2,000 looms that produced cloth that was exported abroad to Asia and Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lach_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lach-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thatta was also home to a thriving silk weaving industry, as well as leather products that were exported throughout South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Lach_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lach-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was considered by visiting <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> friars in the 1650s to be a wealthy city, though the presence of transgender <a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)"><i>hijras</i></a> were taken as a sign of the city's supposed moral depravity.<sup id="cite_ref-Lach_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lach-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thatta'a revival was short lived as the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> silted in the second half of the 1600s, shifting its course further east and leading to the abandonment of the city as a seaport.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the abandonment of the city's port functions, its Hindu merchants continued to play an important role in trade, and began using their own ships rather than relying on European ships for trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traders were particularly active in the region around <a href="/wiki/Masqat" class="mw-redirect" title="Masqat">Masqat</a>, in modern <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, and members of Thatta's <i>Bhatia</i> caste established Masqat's first Hindu temple during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sindh remained an important economic centre during this period as well, and Thatta remained Sindh's largest economic centre, and its largest centre for textile production.<sup id="cite_ref-Claude_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalhora">Kalhora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kalhora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kalhora_dynasty" title="Kalhora dynasty">Kalhora dynasty</a> began to gain influence as a dynasty of feudal lords in upper Sindh, where they ruled since the middle 16th century. They eventually brought Thatta under their control in 1736, and divided the <a href="/wiki/Sind_Province_(1936%E2%80%931955)" title="Sind Province (1936–1955)">Sind</a> into two partitions, Upper Sind (capital <a href="/wiki/Shikarpur,_Sindh" title="Shikarpur, Sindh">Shikarpur</a>) and Lower Sind, after which they moved the Lower Sind capital to Thatta from <a href="/wiki/Siwistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siwistan">Siwistan</a>, before eventually moving it to <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, Sindh">Hyderabad</a> in 1789. A British factory was established there in 1758, but only lasted a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thatta continued to decline in the mid 18th century in importance as a trading centre throughout the 18th century, as much of the city's trading classes shifted to <a href="/wiki/Nerun_Kot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerun Kot">Nerunkot</a> in northern Sindh, or to <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Talpur">Talpur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Talpur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1739, however, following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Battle of Karnal</a>, the Mughal province of Sindh was fully ceded to <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadir Shah">Nadir Shah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a>, after which Thatta fell into neglect, as the Indus river also began to silt. The city then came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Talpur_dynasty" title="Talpur dynasty">Talpur dynasty</a>, who divided the <a href="/wiki/Sind_Province_(1936%E2%80%931955)" title="Sind Province (1936–1955)">Sind</a> into three units <a href="/wiki/Khairpur_(princely_state)" title="Khairpur (princely state)">Khairpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nerun_Kot" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerun Kot">Haiderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirpurkhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpurkhas">Mirpurkhas</a> and seized Thatta from the <a href="/wiki/Kalhora_dynasty" title="Kalhora dynasty">Kalhoras</a>. A second British <i>comptoir</i> was established during the <a href="/wiki/Kalhora" title="Kalhora">Kalhora</a> period in 1758, which operated until 1775.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 19th century Thatta had declined to a population of about 20,000, from a high of 200,000 a century before.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British">British</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Talpur" title="Talpur">Talpur</a> rule ended in 1843 on the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Miani" title="Battle of Miani">battlefield of Miani</a> when General <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Napier" title="Charles James Napier">Charles James Napier</a> captured the Sindh for the British Empire, and moved the capital of the Sindh from Hyderabad to Karachi. In 1847, Thatta was administered as part of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>. In 1920, the estimated population of the city was 10,800.<sup id="cite_ref-murray_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murray-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg/220px-Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg/330px-Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg/440px-Jhimpir_Wind_Powerproject.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Wind power projects are present near Thatta due to high windspeeds.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of British India">independence</a> of Pakistan most of the city's Hindu population, though like much of Sindh, migrated to India, Thatta did not experience the widespread rioting that occurred in <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kumar_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kumar-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, less than 500 Hindu were killed in all of Sindh between 1947 and 1948 as Sindhi Muslims largely resisted calls to turn against their Hindu neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindus did not flee Thatta <i>en masse</i> until riots erupted in Karachi on 6 January 1948, which sowed fear in Sindh's Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-kumar_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kumar-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto">Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto</a>, Thatta's monuments were restored and some industry was relocated to Thatta.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thatta's geology is characterized by volcanic and sedimentary rocks that are similar to those in the Indus plain, and <a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a>. Soil types in the region are silty, with some clay as well. Much of the soil is exposed to salinization from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sindhu_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sindhu-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vegetation in Thatta is characterized by <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> forests in the coastal region, with tropical-thorny shrubs elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Sindhu_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sindhu-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu_temples"><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hindu temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thatta is believed to be the birthplace of Ishta dev of <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhi Hindus</a> "<a href="/wiki/Jhulelal_(Hinduism)" title="Jhulelal (Hinduism)">Jhulelal</a>". </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chand_Darbar" title="Sri Chand Darbar">Sri Chand Darbar</a></li> <li>Hanuman Mandir at Cinema road</li> <li>Jhule Lal Mandir Behrani at Goth</li> <li>Jhule Lal Mandir at Main Shahi Bazar</li> <li>Jhule Lal Mandir in a house at Sonara Bazar</li> <li>Mata Singh Bhawani Mandir at Makli</li> <li>Nath Marhi Mandir</li> <li>Seetla Mata Mandir in a house at Sonara Bazar</li> <li>Shiv Mandir at Maheshwari Mohala</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thatta has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a>. The average annual rainfall is 325 mm (12.8 in), The average annual temperature in Thatta is 26.8 °C (80.2 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Last 10 years <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> rains in Thatta were recorded as: </p> <ul><li>2009: 300+mm</li> <li>2010: 300+mm</li> <li>2011: 245mm</li> <li>2012: 206mm</li> <li>2013: 276mm</li> <li>2014: 227mm</li> <li>2015: 199.6mm</li> <li>2016: 232mm</li> <li>2017: 227mm</li> <li>2018: 315mm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> club, <a href="/wiki/Jeay_Laal" title="Jeay Laal">Jeay Laal</a>, was established in 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim Thattvi">Hashim Thattvi</a> (1692–1761), Islamic scholar, the first to translate the Quran into Sindhi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Ahmed_Nasrallah_Thattvi" title="Mir Ahmed Nasrallah Thattvi">Mir Ahmed Nasrallah Thattvi</a> (–1588), Islamic scholar at the court of Mughal emperor Akbar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Ali_Sher_Qaune_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Ali Sher Qaune Thattvi">Mir Ali Sher Qaune Thattvi</a> (1728–1788), Islamic historian and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Muhammad_Thattvi" title="Tahir Muhammad Thattvi">Tahir Muhammad Thattvi</a>, poet and historian</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thatta_District" title="Thatta District">Thatta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqarabad" title="Zulfiqarabad">Zulfiqarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_founded_by_Alexander_the_Great" title="List of cities founded by Alexander the Great">List of cities founded by Alexander the Great</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1286/">"Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003131103/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1286/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shah+Jahan+Mosque%2C+Thatta&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F1286%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khazeni-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khazeni_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhazeni2014" class="citation book cs1">Khazeni, Arash (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mnclDQAAQBAJ&q=shah+jahan+thatta&pg=PA68"><i>Sky Blue Stone: The Turquoise Trade in World History</i></a>. Univ of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520279070" title="Special:BookSources/9780520279070"><bdi>9780520279070</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430034753/https://books.google.com/books?id=mnclDQAAQBAJ&q=shah+jahan+thatta&pg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sky+Blue+Stone%3A+The+Turquoise+Trade+in+World+History&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780520279070&rft.aulast=Khazeni&rft.aufirst=Arash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmnclDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dshah%2Bjahan%2Bthatta%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajani2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rajani, Shayan (July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186320000061">"Competing for Distinction: Lineage and Individual Recognition in Eighteenth-Century Sindh"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 397–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1356186320000061">10.1017/S1356186320000061</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1356-1863">1356-1863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Competing+for+Distinction%3A+Lineage+and+Individual+Recognition+in+Eighteenth-Century+Sindh&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=397-416&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1356186320000061&rft.issn=1356-1863&rft.aulast=Rajani&rft.aufirst=Shayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%2FS1356186320000061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDani1982" class="citation book cs1">Dani, A (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPLVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22thatta+nagar%22"><i>Thatta: Islamic Architecture</i></a>. Inst. of Islamic History, Culture and Civilization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181051/https://books.google.com/books?id=OPLVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22thatta+nagar%22">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thatta%3A+Islamic+Architecture&rft.pub=Inst.+of+Islamic+History%2C+Culture+and+Civilization&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOPLVAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522thatta%2Bnagar%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqiBastian1985" class="citation journal cs1">Siddiqi, Akhtar Husain; Bastian, Robert W. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/download/937/936">"Urban Place Names in Pakistan: A Reflection of Cultural Characteristics"</a>. <i>Names</i>. <b>29</b> (1): 71. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500207327">500207327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Names&rft.atitle=Urban+Place+Names+in+Pakistan%3A+A+Reflection+of+Cultural+Characteristics&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=71&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500207327&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Akhtar+Husain&rft.au=Bastian%2C+Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fans-names.pitt.edu%2Fans%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F937%2F936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Rennell, <i>Memoir of a map of Hindoostan:or the Mogul's Empire,</i> London, 1783, p.57; William Vincent, <i>The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates,</i> London, 1797, p.146; William Robertson, <i>An Historical Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India,</i> A. Strahan, T. Cadell Jun. and W. Davies; and E. Balfour, Edinburgh, 1799, p.47; Alexander Burnes, <i>Travels into Bokhara: containing the narrative of a voyage on the Indus [...] and an account of a journey from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia,</i> London, John Murray, 1835, Volume 1, p.27; Carl Ritter, <i>Die Erdkunde im Verhältniss zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen,</i> Berlin, Reimer, 1835, Band IV, Fünfter Theil, pp.475–476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.H. Dani and P. Bernard, "Alexander and His Successors in Central Asia", in János Harmatta, B.N. Puri and G.F. Etemadi (editors), <i>History of civilizations of Central Asia,</i> Paris, UNESCO, Vol.II, 1994, p.85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murdo-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murdo_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murdo_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali, Mubarak 1994. <i>McMurdo's & Delhoste's account of Sindh</i>, Takhleeqat, Lahore, pp. 28-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rickmers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rickmers_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rickmers_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickmers1899" class="citation book cs1">Rickmers, Christian Mabel Duff (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronologyindia00rickgoog"><i>The Chronology of India, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning Os the Sixteenth Century</i></a>. A. Constable & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronologyindia00rickgoog/page/n240">224</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>. <q>thatta.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+India%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Beginning+Os+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=A.+Constable+%26+Company&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Rickmers&rft.aufirst=Christian+Mabel+Duff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronologyindia00rickgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary2005" class="citation book cs1">Daftary, Farhad (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WvABAwAAQBAJ&q=thatta&pg=PA68"><i>Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857713872" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857713872"><bdi>978-0857713872</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181049/https://books.google.com/books?id=WvABAwAAQBAJ&q=thatta&pg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ismailis+in+Medieval+Muslim+Societies&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0857713872&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWvABAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-murray-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-murray_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murray_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1920" class="citation book cs1">Murray, John (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gOUwAQAAMAAJ&q=thatta&pg=PA265"><i>Handbook to India, Burma, and Ceylon</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181042/https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Handbook_for_Travellers_in_India_Burma/gOUwAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=thatta&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+India%2C+Burma%2C+and+Ceylon&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgOUwAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandt2009" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofpa0000wynb"><i>A Brief History of Pakistan</i></a></span>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816061846" title="Special:BookSources/9780816061846"><bdi>9780816061846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Pakistan&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780816061846&rft.aulast=Wynbrandt&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofpa0000wynb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claude-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Claude_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovits2000" class="citation book cs1">Markovits, Claude (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M2vu7Odjz6kC&q=thatta&pg=PA35"><i>The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139431279" title="Special:BookSources/9781139431279"><bdi>9781139431279</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181101/https://books.google.com/books?id=M2vu7Odjz6kC&q=thatta&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+World+of+Indian+Merchants%2C+1750%E2%80%931947%3A+Traders+of+Sind+from+Bukhara+to+Panama&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781139431279&rft.aulast=Markovits&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM2vu7Odjz6kC%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSprengardPtak1994" class="citation book cs1">Sprengard, Karl Anton; Ptak, Roderich (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QNQfuDXD0HkC&q=Thatta+portuguese+traders&pg=PA120"><i>Maritime Asia: Profit Maximisation, Ethics and Trade Structure C. 1300-1800 editado por Karl Anton Sprengard, Roderich Ptak</i></a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447035217" title="Special:BookSources/9783447035217"><bdi>9783447035217</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181043/https://books.google.com/books?id=QNQfuDXD0HkC&q=Thatta+portuguese+traders&pg=PA120">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Asia%3A+Profit+Maximisation%2C+Ethics+and+Trade+Structure+C.+1300-1800+editado+por+Karl+Anton+Sprengard%2C+Roderich+Ptak&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9783447035217&rft.aulast=Sprengard&rft.aufirst=Karl+Anton&rft.au=Ptak%2C+Roderich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQNQfuDXD0HkC%26q%3DThatta%2Bportuguese%2Btraders%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicoll-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nicoll_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicoll2009" class="citation book cs1">Nicoll, Fergus (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KfkCTTcvKGwC&q=thatta&pg=PA161"><i>Shah Jahan</i></a>. Penguin Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0670083039" title="Special:BookSources/978-0670083039"><bdi>978-0670083039</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181100/https://books.google.com/books?id=KfkCTTcvKGwC&q=thatta&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shah+Jahan&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0670083039&rft.aulast=Nicoll&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKfkCTTcvKGwC%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asher-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asher_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asher_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsher1992" class="citation book cs1">Asher, Catherine (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&q=thatta&pg=PA349"><i>Architecture of Mughal India, Part 1, Volume 4</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521267281" title="Special:BookSources/9780521267281"><bdi>9780521267281</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425033724/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&q=thatta&pg=PA349">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Mughal+India%2C+Part+1%2C+Volume+4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780521267281&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ctLNvx68hIC%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Floor, Willem, 1993-4. <i>The Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Diewel-Sind (Pakistan) in the 17th and 18th centuries</i>. Institute of Central & West Asian Studies, University of Karachi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lach-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lach_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lach_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lach_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLach1998" class="citation book cs1">Lach, Donald (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zZIvBwAAQBAJ&q=thatta&pg=PA694"><i>Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 2, South Asia</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226466972" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226466972"><bdi>978-0226466972</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310202249/https://books.google.com/books?id=zZIvBwAAQBAJ&q=thatta&pg=PA694">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+Volume+III%3A+A+Century+of+Advance.+Book+2%2C+South+Asia&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0226466972&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzZIvBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthatta%26pg%3DPA694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tatta"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tatta">"Tatta" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 451.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tatta&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=451&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOonk2007" class="citation book cs1">Oonk, Gijsbert (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BkwsMTyShi8C&q=thatta+gujarat&pg=PA271"><i>Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory</i></a>. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9053560358" title="Special:BookSources/978-9053560358"><bdi>978-9053560358</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181101/https://books.google.com/books?id=BkwsMTyShi8C&q=thatta+gujarat&pg=PA271">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Indian+Diasporas%3A+Exploring+Trajectories+of+Migration+and+Theory&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9053560358&rft.aulast=Oonk&rft.aufirst=Gijsbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBkwsMTyShi8C%26q%3Dthatta%2Bgujarat%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali, Mubarak, 2005. <i>The English Factory in Sindh</i>, Zahoor Ahmed Khan Fiction House, Lahore</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurki2015" class="citation book cs1">Burki, Shahid Javed (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rk-sBwAAQBAJ&q=pattala+thatta&pg=PA543"><i>Historical Dictionary of Pakistan</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442241480" title="Special:BookSources/9781442241480"><bdi>9781442241480</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222181044/https://books.google.com/books?id=rk-sBwAAQBAJ&q=pattala+thatta&pg=PA543">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Pakistan&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442241480&rft.aulast=Burki&rft.aufirst=Shahid+Javed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drk-sBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpattala%2Bthatta%26pg%3DPA543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kumar-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kumar_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kumar_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Priya (2 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2016.1244752">"Sindh, 1947 and Beyond"</a>. <i>South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 773–789. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2016.1244752">10.1080/00856401.2016.1244752</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Sindh%2C+1947+and+Beyond&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=773-789&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00856401.2016.1244752&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Priya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00856401.2016.1244752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChitkara1996" class="citation book cs1">Chitkara, M. G. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8lv8tMHE9AC&q=%22less+than+500+Hindus+were+killed+in+Sindh%22&pg=PA8"><i>Mohajir's Pakistan</i></a>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170247463" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170247463"><bdi>978-8170247463</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612065201/https://books.google.com/books?id=w8lv8tMHE9AC&q=%22less+than+500+Hindus+were+killed+in+Sindh%22&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mohajir%27s+Pakistan&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-8170247463&rft.aulast=Chitkara&rft.aufirst=M.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8lv8tMHE9AC%26q%3D%2522less%2Bthan%2B500%2BHindus%2Bwere%2Bkilled%2Bin%2BSindh%2522%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sindhu-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sindhu_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sindhu_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSindhu2010" class="citation web cs1">Sindhu, Abdul Shakoor (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rdpi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/District-Profile-Thatta.pdf">"District Thatta – Hazard, Vulnerability and Development Profile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rural Development Policy Institute (RDPI), Islamabad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517062748/http://rdpi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/District-Profile-Thatta.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Thatta+%E2%80%93+Hazard%2C+Vulnerability+and+Development+Profile&rft.pub=Rural+Development+Policy+Institute+%28RDPI%29%2C+Islamabad&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sindhu&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Shakoor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frdpi.org.pk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2FDistrict-Profile-Thatta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/27/pakistan-floods-levee-thatta">Pakistan flood victims flee Thatta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830160512/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/27/pakistan-floods-levee-thatta">Archived</a> 30 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Retrieved 27 December 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thatta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thatta#Q27212" class="extiw" title="voy:Thatta">Thatta</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">Major cities in Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burewala" title="Burewala">Burewala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakwal" title="Chakwal">Chakwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiniot" title="Chiniot">Chiniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan" title="Dera Ghazi Khan">Dera Ghazi Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujar_Khan" title="Gujar Khan">Gujar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujrat,_Pakistan" title="Gujrat, Pakistan">Gujrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanewal" title="Khanewal">Khanewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharian" title="Kharian">Kharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianwali" title="Mianwali">Mianwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murree" title="Murree">Murree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okara,_Pakistan" title="Okara, Pakistan">Okara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Yar_Khan" title="Rahim Yar Khan">Rahim Yar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiqabad,_Punjab" title="Sadiqabad, Punjab">Sadiqabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahiwal" title="Sahiwal">Sahiwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura" title="Sheikhupura">Sheikhupura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh" title="Toba Tek Singh">Toba Tek Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talagang" title="Talagang">Talagang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badin" title="Badin">Badin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, Sindh">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobabad" title="Jacobabad">Jacobabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairpur" title="Khairpur">Khairpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotri" title="Kotri">Kotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Khas" title="Mirpur Khas">Mirpur Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabshah" title="Nawabshah">Nawabshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad">Abbottabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannu" title="Bannu">Bannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battagram" title="Battagram">Battagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charsadda" title="Charsadda">Charsadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.I.Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="D.I.Khan">D.I.Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haripur,_Pakistan" title="Haripur, Pakistan">Haripur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohat" title="Kohat">Kohat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra" title="Mansehra">Mansehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardan" title="Mardan">Mardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swat,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swat, Pakistan">Swat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabi" title="Swabi">Swabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timergara" title="Timergara">Timergara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(city)" title="Tank (city)">Tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaman" title="Chaman">Chaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar" title="Khuzdar">Khuzdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat" title="Ziarat">Ziarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div><sup>*</sup>Federal capital <sup>**</sup>Provincial/Territorial capitals</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> 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