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Herói cultural – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herói cultural</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponível em 22 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturheros" title="Kulturheros — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kulturheros" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84_%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="بطل ثقافي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطل ثقافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Културен герой — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Културен герой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурăлла герой — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Культурăлла герой" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturheros" title="Kulturheros — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kulturheros" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Culture hero" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9roe_cultural" title="Héroe cultural — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Héroe cultural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA" title="גיבור תרבות — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיבור תרבות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlawan_budaya" title="Pahlawan budaya — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pahlawan budaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroe_culturale" title="Eroe culturale — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eroe culturale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="文化英雄 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文化英雄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heros_culturae" title="Heros culturae — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Heros culturae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kult%C5%ABrinis_herojus" title="Kultūrinis herojus — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kultūrinis herojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultuurheld" title="Cultuurheld — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cultuurheld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturhelt" title="Kulturhelt — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kulturhelt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Культурон хъайтар — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Культурон хъайтар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohater_kulturowy" title="Bohater kulturowy — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bohater kulturowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурный герой — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культурный герой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Culture hero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCrel_kahraman" title="Kültürel kahraman — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kültürel kahraman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Культурний герой — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Культурний герой" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="文化英雄 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文化英雄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Prometeu-statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prometeu-statue.jpg/180px-Prometeu-statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prometeu-statue.jpg/270px-Prometeu-statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prometeu-statue.jpg/360px-Prometeu-statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Escultura" title="Escultura">Escultura</a> representando <a href="/wiki/Prometeu" title="Prometeu">Prometeu</a>, o herói cultural <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">grego</a> descobridor do <a href="/wiki/Fogo" title="Fogo">fogo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>herói cultural</b> é um personagem de um determinado grupo cultural, étnico, racial ou religioso que se distingue por realizar uma determinada <a href="/wiki/Inven%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Invenção">invenção</a> ou descoberta. Após sua morte, o herói cultural pode continuar a viver, seja em uma <a href="/wiki/Estrela" title="Estrela">estrela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Constelação">constelação</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animal</a> ou de forma puramente <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito" title="Espírito">espiritual</a>. </p><p>É tido como "<a href="/wiki/G%C3%AAmeos" title="Gêmeos">irmão gêmeo</a> do <i><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">trickster</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-mountian_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mountian-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diferencia-se do simples <a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B3i" title="Herói">herói</a>, indivíduo notabilizado por suas realizações<sup id="cite_ref-houaiss_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houaiss-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> e cuja aplicação é mais imediata e ao efeito de acontecimentos, por absorver construções <a href="/wiki/Mito" title="Mito">míticas</a> e variáveis <a href="/wiki/Sem%C3%A2ntica" title="Semântica">semânticas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">temporais</a> ligadas ao <a href="/wiki/Imagin%C3%A1rio_coletivo" title="Imaginário coletivo">imaginário popular</a> e, por isso, <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">cultural</a>. No <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleijadinho" title="Aleijadinho">Aleijadinho</a> é um exemplo de assimilação de um personagem como herói cultural, com a construção de um <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dcone_(semi%C3%B3tica)" title="Ícone (semiótica)">ícone</a> de <a href="/wiki/Identidade_cultural" title="Identidade cultural">identidade cultural</a>, cuja significação sofreu a interferência dos <a href="/wiki/Modernismo_no_Brasil" title="Modernismo no Brasil">modernistas</a>, especialmente de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_de_Andrade" title="Mário de Andrade">Mário de Andrade</a>, e do <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Hist%C3%B3rico_e_Geogr%C3%A1fico_Brasileiro" title="Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro">Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro</a>. Após a sua morte, <a href="/wiki/Lenda" title="Lenda">lendas</a> foram criadas, como a de que o personagem seria <a href="/wiki/Cegueira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cegueira">cego</a> e faria todo o trabalho sozinho, assim como teria se deslocado em curto espaço de tempo por regiões de difícil acesso para os padrões da época. Assim sendo, o processo de heroísmo do personagem não foi aplicado imediatamente e, sim, temporalmente, de acordo com interferências culturais. A historiadora <a href="/wiki/Guiomar_de_Grammont" title="Guiomar de Grammont">Guiomar de Grammont</a> defende, por exemplo, que Aleijadinho não foi um, mas vários.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">mitologia grega</a>, o exemplo de <a href="/wiki/Prometeu" title="Prometeu">Prometeu</a>, um <i>herói cultural</i>, mostra o processo que tirou os homens da obscuridade, "no tempo em que 'olhavam sem ver, ouviam sem escutar', para os erguer ao domínio da natureza e à posse da <a href="/wiki/Sabedoria" title="Sabedoria">sabedoria</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literatura</a>, os <a href="/wiki/Arqu%C3%A9tipo" title="Arquétipo">arquétipos</a> literários demonstram esse processo de construção do <i>herói cultural</i>. Esse processo "liga o mais arcaico dos heróis, o herói mítico, à luta ― contra as forças <a href="/wiki/Dem%C3%B4nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Demônio">demônicas</a> do <a href="/wiki/Caos_(cosmogonia)" title="Caos (cosmogonia)">caos</a>, integrando-o ao <a href="/wiki/Criacionismo" title="Criacionismo">mito básico da criação</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-mountian_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mountian-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mountian-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-mountian_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-mountian_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">MOUNTIAN, Daniela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fflch.usp.br/eventos/epog/textos/Daniela%20Mountian.pdf"><i>Impostor e imposturas em O Diabo Mesquinho</i></a>. Encontro de pós-graduandos da FFLCH-<a href="/wiki/USP" class="mw-redirect" title="USP">USP</a>, São Paulo, 23 a 26 de novembro de 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houaiss-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-houaiss_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Houaiss" title="Antônio Houaiss">HOUAISS, Antônio</a>. <i>Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa</i>. Verbete <i>herói</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GRAMMONT, Guiomar de. <i>Aleijadinho e o aeroplano - o paraíso barroco e a construção do herói colonial</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2008, 320 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HAAG, Carlos. (novembro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/?art=3694&amp;bd=1&amp;pg=1"><i>Paranóia ou mistificação?</i></a>. Revista <a href="/wiki/FAPESP" class="mw-redirect" title="FAPESP">FAPESP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GONÇALVES FILHO, Antonio. (4 de janeiro de 2009). <i>Aleijadinho, um mito?</i>. Jornal <i><a href="/wiki/O_Estado_de_S.Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="O Estado de S.Paulo">O Estado de S.Paulo</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">LUTTERBACH, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistasagarana.com.br/revista28/alejadinho.htm"><i>O gênio audaz do Barroco</i></a>. <i>Revista Sagarana</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">PEREIRA, Maria Helena Rocha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/6659.pdf"><i>As combinações com as letras, memória de tudo, trabalho criador das Musas</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Coimbra" title="Universidade de Coimbra">Universidade de Coimbra</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg/45px-Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg/68px-Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg/90px-Zanate-Sea_turtle_artifact_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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