Applied Cybersecurity Division

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity","20231207213636","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1701984996"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.248.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,n={234:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{P_:()=>h,Mt:()=>m,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>w,OP:()=>j,lF:()=>R,Yu:()=>_,Dg:()=>v,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>A,sU:()=>T});var r=n(8632),i=n(9567);const a={beacon:r.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:r.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},o={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!o[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return o[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");o[e]=(0,i.D)(t,a);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.info=o[e])}const u=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var d=n(7056),l=n(50);const f=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{feature_flags:[],proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1,autoStart:!0},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampling_rate:50,error_sampling_rate:50,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,inline_stylesheet:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){u(t)?e.mask_selector=t+",[data-nr-mask]":null===t?e.mask_selector=t:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){u(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.block_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_input_option was provided and will not be used",t)}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,i.D)(t,f());const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.init=g[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var n=h(e);if(n){for(var r=t.split("."),i=0;i<r.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(n=n[r[i]]))return;n=n[r[r.length-1]]}return n}const b={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},y={};function w(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!y[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return y[e]}function A(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");y[e]=(0,i.D)(t,b);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.loader_config=y[e])}const _=(0,r.mF)().o;var x=n(385),D=n(6818);const k={buildEnv:D.Re,customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:D.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(x._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||x._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+x._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof x._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:D.q4,denyList:void 0},E={};function j(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!E[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return E[e]}function T(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");E[e]=(0,i.D)(t,k);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.runtime=E[e])}function R(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},9567:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>i});var r=n(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const n=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),a=0===Object.keys(n).length?e:n;for(let o in a)if(void 0!==e[o])try{Array.isArray(e[o])&&Array.isArray(t[o])?n[o]=Array.from(new Set([...e[o],...t[o]])):"object"==typeof e[o]&&"object"==typeof t[o]?n[o]=i(e[o],t[o]):n[o]=e[o]}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return n}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>a,q4:()=>r});const r="1.248.0",i="PROD",a="CDN"},385:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Nk:()=>d,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>a,cv:()=>l,iS:()=>o,il:()=>r,ux:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>u});const r="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=r?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),o=(a?.document?.readyState,Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState)),s=(a?.location,/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent)),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Boolean(r&&window.document.documentMode)),d=!!a.navigator?.sendBeacon,l=Math.floor(a?.performance?.timeOrigin||a?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now())},1117:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{w:()=>a});var r=n(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class a{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=n)}))}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var r=n(8325),i=n(1284),a=n(4322),o=n(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const n={staged:!1,priority:o.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,n)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return o(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const n=[...s[e]];function o(t){const n=e?r.ee.get(e):r.ee,o=a.X.handlers;if(n.backlog&&o){var s=n.backlog[t],c=o[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)l(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,n){n[0].on(e,n[1])}))}))}delete o[t],n.backlog[t]=null,n.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}n.every((e=>{let[t,n]=e;return n.staged}))&&(n.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),n.forEach((t=>{let[n]=t;s[e].delete(n),o(n)})))}function l(e,t){var n=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[n],(function(t,n){var r=e[0];if(n[0]===r){var i=n[1],a=e[3],o=e[2];i.apply(a,o)}}))}},8325:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var r=n(8632),i=n(2210),a=n(234);class o{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}var s=n(3117);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.a),u=function e(t,n){var r={},s={},d={},f=!1;try{f=16===n.length&&(0,a.OP)(n).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var g={on:h,addEventListener:h,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var n=r[e];if(!n)return;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)n[i]===t&&n.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,n,r,i,a){!1!==a&&(a=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&a&&t.emit(e,n,r);for(var o=p(r),c=v(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(o,n);var f=b()[s[e]];f&&f.push([g,e,n,o]);return o},get:m,listeners:v,context:p,buffer:function(e,t){const n=b();if(t=t||"feature",g.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((e=>{let[r,i]=e;s[i]=t,t in n||(n[t]=[])}))},abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:function(e){return!!b()[s[e]]},debugId:n,backlog:f?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return g;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof o?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>new o(c))):new o(c)}function h(e,t){r[e]=v(e).concat(t)}function v(e){return r[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(g,t)}function b(){return g.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,r.fP)();function l(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}d.ee||(d.ee=u)},5546:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{E:()=>r,p:()=>i});var r=n(8325).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,n,i,a){a?(a.buffer([e],i),a.emit(e,t,n)):(r.buffer([e],i),r.emit(e,t,n))}},4322:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{X:()=>a});var r=n(5546);a.on=o;var i=a.handlers={};function a(e,t,n,a){o(a||r.E,i,e,t,n)}function o(e,t,n,i,a){a||(a="feature"),e||(e=r.E);var o=t[a]=t[a]||{};(o[n]=o[n]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>o});var r=n(385);let i=!1,a=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return a=!0,!1}};r._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),r._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function o(e,t){return i||a?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,o(n,r))}function c(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,o(n,r))}},3117:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{a:()=>r});const r=(0,n(4402).Rl)()},4402:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Rl:()=>o,ky:()=>s});var r=n(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function a(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function o(){const e=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let t,n=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?a(t,++n).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&a()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let n,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(n=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const o=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)o.push(a(n,++i).toString(16));return o.join("")}},7056:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Bq:()=>r,Hb:()=>a,oD:()=>i});const r="NRBA",i=144e5,a=18e5},7894:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";function r(){return Math.round(performance.now())}n.d(t,{z:()=>r})},50:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";function r(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}n.d(t,{Z:()=>r})},2825:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{N:()=>d,T:()=>l});var r=n(8325),i=n(5546),a=n(3325),o=n(385);const s="newrelic";const c={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]},u=new Set;function d(e,t){const n=r.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(u.has(t)||(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;c[t]?c[t].forEach((e=>{r?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,n):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,n),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(r)],void 0,e,n)})):r&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,n),l[t]=Boolean(r)})),Object.keys(c).forEach((e=>{void 0===l[e]&&(c[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,n))),l[e]=!1)})),u.add(t),function(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};try{o._A.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(s,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}const l={}},2210:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{X:()=>i});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,n){if(r.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>r});const r=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[n,r]=e;return t(n,r)}))},4351:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{P:()=>a});var r=n(8325);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,n)=>{if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n){if(e.has(n))return;e.add(n)}return n}};function a(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{r.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{KB:()=>o,b2:()=>a});var r=n(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function a(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,r.bP)("load",e,t)}function o(e){if(i())return e();(0,r.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{EZ:()=>d,ce:()=>a,ek:()=>u,fP:()=>o,gG:()=>l,h5:()=>c,mF:()=>s});var r=n(7894),i=n(385);const a={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function o(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=o();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t){let n=o();n.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,r.z)(),date:new Date},n.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=o();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){o()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=o();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:a.beacon,errorBeacon:a.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=o();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=o();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),o()}},7956:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{N:()=>i});var r=n(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;(0,r.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),n,i)}},3081:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{gF:()=>a,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>r,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>o});const r=n(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",a="cm",o="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},7633:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(3325).D.pageViewEvent},9251:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(3325).D.pageViewTiming},5938:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{W:()=>i});var r=n(8325);class i{constructor(e,t,n){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=r.ee.get(e),this.featureName=n,this.blocked=!1}}},7530:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{j:()=>b});var r=n(3325),i=n(234),a=n(5546),o=n(8325),s=n(7894),c=n(8e3),u=n(3960),d=n(385),l=n(50),f=n(3081),g=n(8632);function p(){const e=(0,g.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start","recordReplay","pauseReplay"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n),i=0;i<n;i++)r[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),i=1;i<n;i++)r[i-1]=arguments[i];let a=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&a.push(e.api[t](...r))})),a.length>1?a:a[0]}(t,...r)}}))}var h=n(2825);const v=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",n.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let m=!1;function b(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},b=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,y=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:w,info:A,loader_config:_,runtime:x={loaderType:b},exposed:D=!0}=t;const k=(0,g.gG)();A||(w=k.init,A=k.info,_=k.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e.agentIdentifier,w||{}),(0,i.GE)(e.agentIdentifier,_||{}),A.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(A.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e.agentIdentifier,A);const E=(0,i.P_)(e.agentIdentifier),j=[A.beacon,A.errorBeacon];m||(E.proxy.assets&&(v(E.proxy.assets),j.push(E.proxy.assets)),E.proxy.beacon&&j.push(E.proxy.beacon),p(),(0,g.EZ)("activatedFeatures",h.T)),x.denyList=[...E.ajax.deny_list||[],...E.ajax.block_internal?j:[]],(0,i.sU)(e.agentIdentifier,x),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const g={};var p=o.ee.get(e),h=p.get("tracer"),v="api-",m=v+"ixn-";function b(t,n,r,a){const o=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===n?delete o.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...o,jsAttributes:{...o.jsAttributes,[t]:n}}),A(v,r,!0,a||null===n?"session":void 0)(t,n)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"].forEach((e=>{g[e]=A(v,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=A(v,"addPageAction",!0,r.D.pageAction),g.setCurrentRouteName=A(v,"routeName",!0,r.D.spa),g.setPageViewName=function(t,n){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(n||"https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/http://custom.transaction")+t,A(v,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",n);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string, number or boolean type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setApplicationVersion. Expected <String | null>, but got <".concat(typeof e,">."))},g.start=e=>{try{const t=e?"defined":"undefined";(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/start/".concat(t,"/called")],void 0,r.D.metrics,p);const n=Object.values(r.D);if(void 0===e)e=n;else{if((e=Array.isArray(e)&&e.length?e:[e]).some((e=>!n.includes(e))))return(0,l.Z)("Invalid feature name supplied. Acceptable feature names are: ".concat(n));e.includes(r.D.pageViewEvent)||e.push(r.D.pageViewEvent)}e.forEach((e=>{p.emit("".concat(e,"-opt-in"))}))}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("An unexpected issue occurred",e)}},g.recordReplay=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("recordReplay",[],void 0,r.D.sessionReplay,p)},g.pauseReplay=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("pauseReplay",[],void 0,r.D.sessionReplay,p)},g.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var n={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)(m+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,n],i,r.D.spa,p),function(){if(h.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,o],n),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw h.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],n),e}finally{h.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],n)}}}};function A(e,t,n,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],n?null:this,i,p),n?void 0:this}}function _(){n.e(75).then(n.bind(n,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:n}=t;n(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,l.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=A(m,e,void 0,r.D.spa)})),g.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,r.D.jserrors,p)},d.il?(0,u.b2)((()=>_()),!0):_(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,y)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=D),m=!0}},1926:(e,t,n)=>{n.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},3325:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>r,p:()=>i});const r={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[r.pageViewEvent]:1,[r.pageViewTiming]:2,[r.metrics]:3,[r.jserrors]:4,[r.ajax]:5,[r.sessionTrace]:6,[r.pageAction]:7,[r.spa]:8,[r.sessionReplay]:9}}},r={};function i(e){var t=r[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var a=r[e]={exports:{}};return n[e](a,a.exports,i),a.exports}i.m=n,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var n in t)i.o(t,n)&&!i.o(e,n)&&Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t[n]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,n)=>(i.f[n](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.248.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.248.0.PROD:",i.l=(n,r,a,o)=>{if(e[n])e[n].push(r);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==a)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==n||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+a){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+a),s.src=n,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),s.integrity=i.sriHashes[o],s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),e[n]=[r];var f=(t,r)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[n];if(delete e[n],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(r))),t)return t(r)},g=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",i.sriHashes={75:"sha512-5mWtMwj7hrXT5aUkfvBtjH6FJXsR+zdeMBfc721nzrOx36xa23yTrCB1VVOAQa+zIioAbWPW4m7UsPp7hW1WPw=="},(()=>{var e={50:0,832:0};i.f.j=(t,n)=>{var r=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==r)if(r)n.push(r[2]);else{var a=new Promise(((n,i)=>r=e[t]=[n,i]));n.push(r[2]=a);var o=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(o,(n=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(r=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),r)){var a=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),o=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+a+": "+o+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=a,s.request=o,r[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,n)=>{var r,a,[o,s,c]=n,u=0;if(o.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(r in s)i.o(s,r)&&(i.m[r]=s[r]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(n);u<o.length;u++)a=o[u],i.o(e,a)&&e[a]&&e[a][0](),e[a]=0},n=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.248.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.248.0.PROD"]||[];n.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),n.push=t.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(1926);var e=i(50);class t{addPageAction(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addPageAction failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}setPageViewName(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setPageViewName failed. The page view feature is not currently initialized.")}setCustomAttribute(t,n,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCustomAttribute failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}noticeError(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api noticeError failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setUserId(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setUserId failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setApplicationVersion(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setApplicationVersion failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}setErrorHandler(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setErrorHandler failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}finished(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api finished failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}addRelease(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}start(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}recordReplay(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api recordReplay failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}pauseReplay(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api pauseReplay failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}}var n=i(3325),r=i(234);const a=Object.values(n.D);function o(e){const t={};return a.forEach((n=>{t[n]=function(e,t){return!1!==(0,r.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(n,e)})),t}var s=i(7530);var c=i(8e3),u=i(5938),d=i(3960),l=i(385);class f extends u.W{constructor(e,t,n){let i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,n),this.auto=i,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"".concat(this.featureName,".autoStart"))&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto&&(0,c.R)(e,n)}importAggregator(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate)return;if(!this.auto)return void this.ee.on("".concat(this.featureName,"-opt-in"),(()=>{(0,c.R)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator()}));const n=l.il&&!0===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let a;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{a=e}));const o=async()=>{let r;try{if(n){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,3228));r=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",t)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,r))return(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void a(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:n}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new n(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,t),a(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),a(!1)}};l.il?(0,d.b2)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(e,t){return e!==n.D.sessionReplay||!!r.Yu.MO&&(!1!==(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!t?.isNew||!!t?.state.sessionReplayMode))}}var g=i(7633);class p extends f{static featureName=g.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,g.t,n),this.importAggregator()}}var h=i(1117),v=i(1284);class m extends h.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,n,r,i){var a=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);return a.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,v.D)(e,(function(e,n){t[e]=b(n,t[e])})),t}(r,a.metrics),a}merge(e,t,n,r,i){var a=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);if(a.metrics){var o=a.metrics;o.count+=n.count,(0,v.D)(n,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var r=o[e],i=n[e];i&&!i.c?o[e]=b(i.t,r):o[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=y(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,o[e])}}))}else a.metrics=n}storeMetric(e,t,n,r){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,n);return i.stats=b(r,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,n,r){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:n||{}},r&&(i.custom=r)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},n="",r=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[n=e[i]]=w(this.aggregatedData[n]),t[n].length&&(r=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[n];return r?t:null}}function b(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=y(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function y(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function w(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,v.D)(e,A)}function A(e,t){return t}var _=i(8632),x=i(4402),D=i(4351);var k=i(5546),E=i(7956),j=i(3239),T=i(7894),R=i(9251);class S extends f{static featureName=R.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,R.t,n),l.il&&((0,E.N)((()=>(0,k.p)("docHidden",[(0,T.z)()],void 0,R.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,j.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,k.p)("winPagehide",[(0,T.z)()],void 0,R.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var I=i(3081);class C extends f{static featureName=I.t9;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,I.t9,n),this.importAggregator()}}new class extends t{constructor(t){let n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,x.ky)(16);super(),l._A?(this.agentIdentifier=n,this.sharedAggregator=new m({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},(0,_.h5)(n,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(p),(0,s.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,r.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,r.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,r.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}run(){try{const t=o(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>n.p[e.featureName]-n.p[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(t[r.featureName]||r.featureName===n.D.pageViewEvent){const i=function(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.sessionReplay:return[n.D.sessionTrace];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName);i.every((e=>t[e]))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(r.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(i),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}}))}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const n=(0,_.fP)();return delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator,n.ee?.abort(),delete n.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}addToTrace(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addToTrace failed. The session trace feature is not currently initialized.")}setCurrentRouteName(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCurrentRouteName failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}interaction(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api interaction failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}}({features:[p,S,C],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Applied Cybersecurity Division","node_id":"794196","content_type":"Laboratory\/Organizational Unit"});</script> <meta name="description" content="We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/node/794196"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Applied Cybersecurity Division | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Applied Cybersecurity Division"/> <meta property="og:description" content="We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities."/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2016-04-29T12:44-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-06-09T14:13-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Applied Cybersecurity Division"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2016-04-29T12:44-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2016-04-29T12:44-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-06-09T14:13-04:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Applied Cybersecurity Division"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-06-09T14:13:00-04:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Applied Cybersecurity Division | NIST", "description": "We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities.", "datePublished": "2016-04-29T12:44-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-06-09T14:13-04:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="laboratory_organizational_unit"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Applied Cybersecurity Division | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231207213636cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_3aPSuF9sWGJjLhpBCr7X7TOAyRihuA8PxxHvvzzp-44.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231207213636cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_6prwlieMvitJqVLptJ59w_NxX2prM0abXhYVoH12prk.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20231207213636cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_6MuKXqcH69mMwmOSjiD2G_c6UXIqUTZ1TRnur95k7Qk.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231207213636cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_EalLIdYhr5oXV47na0RYPSuXHAI9YflBBGp7JS0KW1I.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"/> <script src="/web/20231207213636js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_3ssAdmvsW-btol8ydZT2eloQN8l11yuGacOobfI1-_0.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"></script> </head> <body class="node-794196"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--menu"> <div class="nist-section-header__top grid-container"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__sub"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Applied Cybersecurity Division</h1> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__desc tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>We implement practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div>  <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block"> <nav> <ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion "> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/projectsprograms" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Projects/Programs</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-applied-cybersecurity-divis-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-applied-cybersecurity-divis-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/cybersecurity-and-privacy-applications" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Cybersecurity and Privacy Applications</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nist-cybersecurity-iot-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Cybersecurity for the Internet of Things (IoT)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Cybersecurity Framework</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://nccoe.nist.gov/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice" data-drupal-link-system-path="">National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/privacyframework" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Privacy Framework</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Small Business Cybersecurity Corner</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/how-work-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="">How to Work With Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NIST Publications Searchable Database</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/staff/division/258356" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Staff Directory</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/search?combine=&field_campus_tid=All&tid=258356" data-drupal-link-system-path="" data-drupal-link-query="{"combine":"","field_campus_tid":"All","tid":"258356"}">News & Updates</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/upcoming-events?combine=&field_campus_tid=All&tid=258356" data-drupal-link-system-path="" data-drupal-link-query="{"combine":"","field_campus_tid":"All","tid":"258356"}">Events</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div>   <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--org" data-elastic-exclude=""> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Groups</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-9d8ec53c716a1efa319bba6fc11d5002e6dcfed996e4398ad731b9ad5f21f28f"> <div class="link-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/cybersecurity-and-privacy-applications" hreflang="en">Cybersecurity and Privacy Applications</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/national-cybersecurity-center-excellence-nccoe" hreflang="en">National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE)</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice" hreflang="en">NICE</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nist-cybersecurity-iot-program" hreflang="en">NIST Cybersecurity for IoT Program</a></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><p>The Applied Cybersecurity Division (ACD)—one of six technical divisions in NIST’s <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="55380107-472d-48bd-9b3c-0e34df996d7d" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl" title="Information Technology Laboratory">Information Technology Laboratory</a>—implements practical cybersecurity and privacy through outreach and effective application of standards and best practices necessary for the U.S. to adopt cybersecurity capabilities.</p> <p>ACD is known for: establishing cybersecurity standards and guidelines in an open, transparent, and collaborative way; cybersecurity testing and measurement (from developing test suits and methods to validating cryptographic modules); and applied cybersecurity—which applies NIST’s research, standards, and testing and measurement work.</p> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/02/23/22ITL001_CFS-RFI_rev-still%20%281%29.jpg?itok=E_xv0IEj" data-media-id="635461"><img alt="Still from Cybersecurity Framework animation" height="320" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2022/02/23/22ITL001_CFS-RFI_rev-still%20%281%29.jpg?itok=qZsDCF1k" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> N. Hanacek/NIST </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework"><strong>Cybersecurity Framework</strong></a> <p>This voluntary Framework consists of standards, guidelines, and best practices to manage cybersecurity-related risks. The Cybersecurity Framework’s flexible and cost-effective approach helps to promote the protection and resilience of critical infrastructure important to the economy and national security.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image"><img alt="Image of the outside of the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence" height="265" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2022/08/10/nccoe_0.png?itok=BMSwx-_H" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> N. Grayson </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://nccoe.nist.gov/"><strong>National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCOE)</strong></a> <p>The National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence is a collaborative hub where industry, government agencies, and academic institutions work together to address businesses’ most pressing cybersecurity issues.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-copyright="Stock Photo" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/08/09/NICE%20Image.jpg?itok=v9zV34iW" data-media-id="650286"><img alt="Image of Davina Pruitt Mentle talking with a visitor to the NIST NICE booth at a NICE Conference in Summer 2022" height="321" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2022/08/09/NICE%20Image.jpg?itok=ZU9JM0qz" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> Florida International University </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice"><strong>NICE</strong></a> <p>NICE is a partnership between government, academia, and the private sector focused on cybersecurity education, training, and workforce development.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image"><img alt="A man and a woman with phone in the light of a pocket flashlight. Template for text. Place of advertisement." height="275" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2022/08/10/Privacy-program_0.jpg?itok=U6xQHVC2" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> Shutterstock </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col last"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="981e9daa-441f-43aa-b153-c3d908dc0f06" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-framework" title="Privacy Framework"><strong>Privacy Framework</strong></a> <p>The NIST Privacy Framework is a voluntary tool developed in collaboration with stakeholders intended to help organizations identify and manage privacy risk to build innovative products and services while protecting individuals’ privacy.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2019/02/04/iot_web.jpg?itok=GapQ054f" data-media-id="482566"><img alt="IoT" height="251" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2019/02/04/iot_web.jpg?itok=BO76MPlx" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> <em>Credit: N. Hanacek/NIST</em> </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col last"> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f0902c1f-da5a-4002-b2ff-b439a5f432aa" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nist-cybersecurity-iot-program" title="NIST Cybersecurity for IoT Program">NIST Cybersecurity for IOT Program</a></strong></p> <p>The rapid proliferation of internet-connected devices and rise of the IoT come with great anticipation. These newly connected devices bring the promise of enhanced business efficiencies and increased customer satisfaction.</p> </div> </div> <p> </p> <div class="nist-callout"> <h2>Check out our <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ea5524a0-3784-4a61-ab99-fec2a73af39c" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/smallbusinesscyber" title="Small Business Cybersecurity Corner">Small Business Cybersecurity Corner</a></h2> <p>Get cybersecurity basics, guidance, solutions, and training to protect your information and manage your cybersecurity risks.</p> </div> <p><strong>Learn more about the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/projectsprograms">Applied Cybersecurity Division's Programs</a></strong></p> <h2 class="nist-block__title"><strong>Featured VideoS:</strong> </h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="624326"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-nist-kaltura video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/embedIframeJs/uiconf_id/31013851/partner_id/684682?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_5xaxne18?iframeembed=true&amp;entry_id=1_5xaxne18&amp;flashvars%5BautoPlay%5D=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Protecting Your Small Business: Ransomware" loading="lazy" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636im_/https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_5xaxne18/width/1280" typeof="foaf:Image"/><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Protecting Your Small Business: Ransomware</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="630721"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-f5xaFvb5iM?autoplay=1&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0&amp;mute=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Protecting Your Small Business: Phishing" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/video_thumbnails/-f5xaFvb5iM.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image"/><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Protecting Your Small Business: Phishing</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-video" data-media-id="634816"><div class="video-embed-field"><div class="video-embed-field-lazy" data-video-embed-field-lazy="<div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"><iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bRJn5rHa8mM?autoplay=1&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0&amp;mute=1"></iframe> </div> "><img alt="Protecting Your Small Business: Multi-factor Authentication" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/video_thumbnails/bRJn5rHa8mM.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image"/><button class="video-embed-field-lazy-play"></button> <div class="video-embed-field-lazy-title">Protecting Your Small Business: Multi-factor Authentication</div> </div> </div> <figcaption class="nist-video__caption" data-caption-editable="true"></figcaption></figure></div> </div></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-b4f79b0742dfb2f54b2b71de837095a62e8114786e8031944c5329b6caa358ba"> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/11/nist-phish-scale-user-guide-now-available" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/11/nist-phish-scale-user-guide-now-available"><span property="schema:name">The NIST Phish Scale User Guide is Now Available!</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-11-20T12:00:00Z">November 20, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> The National Institute of Standards and Technology Human-Centered Cybersecurity program is pleased to announce the release of the NIST Phish Scale User Guide </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-nccoe-publishes-guidance-address-mobile-device-security-concerns-byod" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/09/nist-nccoe-publishes-guidance-address-mobile-device-security-concerns-byod"><span property="schema:name">The NIST NCCoE Publishes Guidance to Address Mobile Device Security Concerns with BYOD</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-09-28T12:00:00Z">September 28, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> The NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) has published the final version of NIST SP 1800-22 Mobile Device Security: Bring Your Own Device </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-drafts-major-update-its-widely-used-cybersecurity-framework" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-drafts-major-update-its-widely-used-cybersecurity-framework" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/07/CSF-wheel-revamp-final-white.png?itok=MHhnFUpD" width="100" height="96" alt="NIST Cybersecurity Framework wheel grahpic has external sections labeled Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond and Recover; internal circle is labeled Govern. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-drafts-major-update-its-widely-used-cybersecurity-framework"><span property="schema:name">NIST Drafts Major Update to Its Widely Used Cybersecurity Framework</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-08-08T12:00:00Z">August 8, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> NIST has revised the framework to help benefit all sectors, not just critical infrastructure. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-appoints-cherilyn-pascoe-new-director-nccoe" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-appoints-cherilyn-pascoe-new-director-nccoe" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/03/01/Pascoe.png?itok=QEFmyd-d" width="98" height="100" alt="Cherilyn Pascoe" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/nist-appoints-cherilyn-pascoe-new-director-nccoe"><span property="schema:name">NIST Appoints Cherilyn Pascoe as New Director of the NCCoE</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-08-01T12:00:00Z">August 1, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> As NCCoE director, Cherilyn will provide strategic direction and technical leadership for the NCCoE , continue to align the NCCoE's work with the industry </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/org/258356">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-b47a58f645839af1fae68c291e53077a83f8b324b989ea47405c58c8e1e864ae"> <div> <article about="/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-avi-gopstein-cuong-nguyen-nelson-hastings-david-wollman" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-avi-gopstein-cuong-nguyen-nelson-hastings-david-wollman" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/12/21/Gopstein.Wollman.Hastings.Nguyen.Bronze.jpg?itok=0FJnCGb7" width="100" height="60" alt="Avi Gopstein, Cuong Nguyen, Nelson Hastings and David Wollman bronze award" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-avi-gopstein-cuong-nguyen-nelson-hastings-david-wollman"><span>2022 - Bronze Medal Award---Avi Gopstein, Cuong Nguyen, Nelson Hastings, David Wollman</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For exemplary leadership and technical contributions in modernizing NIST’s strategic vision for power systems communication and information exchange.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/nist-awards/2022-silver-medal-award-michael-bartock-jonathan-hardis-ya-shian-li-baboud-james" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-silver-medal-award-michael-bartock-jonathan-hardis-ya-shian-li-baboud-james" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/18/SILVER_Hardis.Rezcek.Bartock.Li-Baboud.shermna.brown_.lombardi.levine-comp.jpg?itok=2c9s3nG8" width="100" height="30" alt="2022 Silver Medal Awardees" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-silver-medal-award-michael-bartock-jonathan-hardis-ya-shian-li-baboud-james"><span>2022 - Silver Medal Award---Michael Bartock, Jonathan Hardis, Ya-Shian Li-Baboud, James McCarthy, Suzanne Lightman, Karen K. Reczek, Jeffrey Sherman, Roger Brown, Michael Lombardi, Judah Levine</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For strengthening the resilience of position, navigation, and timing infrastructure and services on which global commerce and national security rely.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/nist-awards/2021-bronze-medal-award-keith-stouffer-timothy-zimmerman-cheeyee-tang-michael-pease" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2021-bronze-medal-award-keith-stouffer-timothy-zimmerman-cheeyee-tang-michael-pease"><span>2021 - Bronze Medal Award---Keith Stouffer, Timothy Zimmerman, CheeYee Tang, Michael Pease, Jeffrey Cichonski</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For development and dissemination of the first detailed cybersecurity guidelines specifically for protecting small and medium-sized manufacturers.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/nist-awards/2021-gold-medal-award-naomi-lefkovitz-kaitlin-boeckl-nakia-grayson-maihuong-nguyen-lisa" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2021-gold-medal-award-naomi-lefkovitz-kaitlin-boeckl-nakia-grayson-maihuong-nguyen-lisa"><span>2021 - Gold Medal Award---Naomi Lefkovitz, Kaitlin Boeckl, Nakia Grayson, Maihuong Nguyen, Lisa Carnahan, Victoria Pillitteri, Adam Sedgewick, Dylan Gilbert</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For exceptional leadership in developing, and driving adoption of, a novel framework to manage privacy risk while maximizing the beneficial uses of data.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/awards/org/258356">View All Awards</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li about="/people/kevin-stine" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/people/kevin-stine" title="View staff profile page">Kevin Stine</a></div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/mailto:kevin.stine@nist.gov">kevin.stine@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-4483 </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20231207213636im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/itl/applied-cybersecurity" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/794196","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"2f77e4dcfce20728ac491170886da836c10b580f9bdfeb9c9e729fe4958834d5"}}</script> <script src="/web/20231207213636js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_p8gamLXxPBoNiUHgUZaxT5BzySkZcDUazIUKuriGtWc.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207213636js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20231207213636js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_w6v5ShXfqOjoA2qbLXPOvr2N2fDoBuwH7eg9ZnbzYYo.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=nist_www&include=eJx1UYGugyAM_CEmn0QqVOxWKAOcz_f1Q6fR7OUlhPSul-tRrGTU9-eEeVE92Iep0k7Sl9rcy78tshKVF_GMBiLwUskW_U2oSKUapvigagbiiln_pYyHj7BQRQopywv1N7GG2bg6YsCWQbiHbII47ahA38aupqospWJoWQtueu1ZeuBrfdut9IjgMB_QzPN8VV_wKsGfug7QLk8JuNuhSpDBZ0hjOTon000xTT1TGdGpF-Fc9HZ3LfXEe74APtJAVtnzRzqJFtVA3kKqJPHY3ck0O4diMPToWhfZaYbf5cYC7uOLzwnYjEh-rOd7Atks61rfGSDJxA"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":4,"applicationTime":797,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Applied Cybersecurity Division | NIST