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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Les_lettres_et_le_numérique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_lettres_et_le_numérique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Les lettres et le numérique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_lettres_et_le_numérique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digital_Humanities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_Humanities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Digital Humanities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_Humanities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lettres (culture)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 90 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geesteswetenskappe" title="Geesteswetenskappe – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geesteswetenskappe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidaz" title="Humanidaz – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Humanidaz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="إنسانيات – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسانيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidaes" title="Humanidaes – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Humanidaes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaf_opeem" title="Ayaf opeem – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ayaf opeem" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitar_elml%C9%99r" title="Humanitar elmlər – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Humanitar elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гуманитар фәндәр – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гуманитар фәндәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Гуманітарныя навукі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуманітарныя навукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Гуманітарныя навукі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гуманітарныя навукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хуманитарни науки – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуманитарни науки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="মানববিদ্যা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানববিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skianto%C3%B9_an_den" title="Skiantoù an den – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skiantoù an den" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitats" title="Humanitats – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Humanitats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زانستە مرۆڤییەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستە مرۆڤییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bdy" title="Humanitní vědy – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Humanitní vědy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гуманитарилле ăславсем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гуманитарилле ăславсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyniaethau" title="Dyniaethau – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dyniaethau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Humanities" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρωπιστικές επιστήμες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Humanities" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_scienco" title="Homa scienco – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homa scienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidades" title="Humanidades – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Humanidades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitaarteadused" title="Humanitaarteadused – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Humanitaarteadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitateak" title="Humanitateak – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Humanitateak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="علوم انسانی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم انسانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistiset_tieteet" title="Humanistiset tieteet – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Humanistiset tieteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidades" title="Humanidades – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Humanidades" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studeyrys-sheelnaue" title="Studeyrys-sheelnaue – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Studeyrys-sheelnaue" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97" title="מדעי הרוח – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדעי הרוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मानविकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानविकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisti%C4%8Dke_znanosti" title="Humanističke znanosti – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Humanističke znanosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հումանիտար գիտություններ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հումանիտար գիտություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homala_cienci" title="Homala cienci – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homala cienci" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugv%C3%ADsindi" title="Hugvísindi – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hugvísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discipline_umanistiche" title="Discipline umanistiche – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Discipline umanistiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="人文科学 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人文科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гуманитарлық ғылымдар – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуманитарлық ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – groenlandais" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="groenlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="인문학 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인문학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5" title="बश्रियाथ – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="बश्रियाथ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artes_humaniores" title="Artes humaniores – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Artes humaniores" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siensas_umana" title="Siensas umana – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Siensas umana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitariniai_mokslai" title="Humanitariniai mokslai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Humanitariniai mokslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanit%C4%81r%C4%81s_zin%C4%81tnes" title="Humanitārās zinātnes – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Humanitārās zinātnes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiolonana" title="Fiolonana – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiolonana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹ്യുമാനിറ്റീസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്യുമാനിറ്റീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मानव्यविद्या – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मानव्यविद्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemanusiaan" title="Kemanusiaan – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemanusiaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geesteswetenschappen" title="Geesteswetenschappen – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geesteswetenschappen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanitats" title="Umanitats – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Umanitats" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਨੁੱਖਤਾ/ਮਾਨਵਿਕੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੁੱਖਤਾ/ਮਾਨਵਿਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1mag%C3%A1ral_t%C3%A1u" title="Pámagáral táu – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pámagáral táu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauki_humanistyczne" title="Nauki humanistyczne – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauki humanistyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%DB%90" title="بشري پوهنې – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بشري پوهنې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidades" title="Humanidades – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Humanidades" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_umaniste" title="Științe umaniste – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științe umaniste" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Гуманитарные науки – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуманитарные науки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Гуманітны і соціалны наукы – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гуманітны і соціалны наукы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بشريات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بشريات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanisti%C4%8Dke_znanosti" title="Humanističke znanosti – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Humanističke znanosti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timassanin_tinfganin" title="Timassanin tinfganin – chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Timassanin tinfganin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Humanities" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchovn%C3%A1_veda" title="Duchovná veda – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Duchovná veda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistika" title="Humanistika – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Humanistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkencat_humane" title="Shkencat humane – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkencat humane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хуманистика – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хуманистика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humaniora" title="Humaniora – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Humaniora" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Илмҳои гуманитарӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Илмҳои гуманитарӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มนุษยศาสตร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มนุษยศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araling_pantao" title="Araling pantao – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araling pantao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitar_elmon" title="Humanitar elmon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Humanitar elmon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C5%9Feri_bilimler" title="Beşeri bilimler – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beşeri bilimler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гуманитар фәннәр – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гуманитар фәннәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Гуманітарні науки – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуманітарні науки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انسانیات – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسانیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumanitar_fanlar" title="Gumanitar fanlar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gumanitar fanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhân văn học – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân văn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanidades" title="Humanidades – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Humanidades" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" title="人文学科 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人文学科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="גייסט וויסנשאפט – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גייסט וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinzvwnz_yozgoh" title="Yinzvwnz yozgoh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yinzvwnz yozgoh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" title="人文学科 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人文学科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-b%C3%BBn-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Jîn-bûn-ha̍k – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-bûn-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Lettre" class="mw-disambig" title="Lettre">Lettre</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>Les <b>lettres</b>, parfois aussi appelées <b><a href="/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s" title="Humanités">humanités</a></b>, sont les disciplines académiques d'étude de la condition humaine par des méthodes analytiques, critiques ou spéculatives, les distinguant des approches empiriques des <a href="/wiki/Sciences_naturelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences naturelles">sciences naturelles</a> et <a href="/wiki/Sciences_sociales" title="Sciences sociales">sociales</a>. Elles incluent par convention : </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature" title="Littérature">littérature</a> classique et moderne (y compris la <a href="/wiki/Philologie" title="Philologie">philologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique" title="Rhétorique">rhétorique</a>) ;</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a> (notamment l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pist%C3%A9mologie" title="Épistémologie">épistémologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9taphysique" title="Métaphysique">métaphysique</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Logique" title="Logique">logique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thique" title="Éthique">éthique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Esth%C3%A9tique" title="Esthétique">esthétique</a>) ;</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Histoire" title="Histoire">histoire</a> (y compris ses sciences auxiliaires: l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pigraphie" title="Épigraphie">épigraphie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Papyrologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrologie">papyrologie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9ographie" title="Paléographie">paléographie</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie">archéologie</a>) ;</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Langues" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues">langues</a> modernes et anciennes (notamment l'<a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">anglais</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">allemand</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Grec_ancien" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a>) ;</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> et les <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dia" title="Média">médias</a> (y compris la <a href="/wiki/Culture_de_masse" title="Culture de masse">culture de masse</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Cinéma">cinéma</a>, la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision" title="Télévision">télévision</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Technologies_de_l%27information_et_de_la_communication" title="Technologies de l'information et de la communication">nouveaux médias</a>).</li></ul> <p>L'histoire et la linguistique appartiennent également au champ des <a href="/wiki/Sciences_sociales" title="Sciences sociales">sciences sociales</a>, ce qui conduit parfois à assimiler les lettres à ces dernières au sein des <a href="/wiki/Sciences_humaines_et_sociales" title="Sciences humaines et sociales">sciences humaines et sociales</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'étude des lettres en <a href="/wiki/Occident" title="Occident">Occident</a> trouve ses racines en <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Grèce antique">Grèce antique</a>. Au <a href="/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a>, elle correspond aux trois disciplines (ou <i>arts</i>) de grammaire, rhétorique, et logique, formant le <a href="/wiki/Arts_lib%C3%A9raux#Genèse" title="Arts libéraux">trivium</a>. </p><p>Les lettres prennent leur forme actuelle à la <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. Elles commencent à être considérées comme des sujets d'étude, plutôt que de pratique. C'est alors qu'on y rattache la littérature et l'histoire. À cette époque, on appelle l'ensemble de ces disciplines <i>studia humanitatis</i>, dont provient le mot anglais <i>humanities</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et le mot français <i><a href="/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s" title="Humanités">humanités</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_lettres_et_le_numérique"><span id="Les_lettres_et_le_num.C3.A9rique"></span>Les lettres et le numérique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Les lettres et le numérique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les lettres et le numérique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-modere"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/38px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/50px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><b>Cette section <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></b><small> (novembre 2018)</small>. <div class="mw-collapsible-content">Pour l'améliorer, ajoutez <a href="/wiki/Aide:Identifier_des_sources_fiables" title="Aide:Identifier des sources fiables">des références de qualité et vérifiables</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">comment faire ?</a>) ou le modèle <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Modèle:Référence nécessaire">{{Référence nécessaire}}</a> sur les passages nécessitant une source.</div></div> </div></div> <p>Aujourd'hui, les lettres peuvent se croiser avec le numérique, dans ce <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage devrait préciser la personne ou l'organisation qui fait cette affirmation." style="cursor:help;">qu'on</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Qui" title="Aide:Qui">[Qui ?]</a></sup> appelle les <b><a href="/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s_num%C3%A9riques" title="Humanités numériques">humanités numériques</a></b>. Les humanités numériques sont un domaine de recherche au croisement de l’informatique, des arts, lettres, sciences humaines et sciences sociales. Cette discipline est surtout enseignée dans les universités (il existe ainsi des masters dans quelques facultés en France, à Paris, à Rennes ou encore à Rouen). </p><p>De plus, le <a href="/wiki/Ministre_de_l%27%C3%89ducation_nationale_(France)" title="Ministre de l'Éducation nationale (France)">ministre de l’Éducation nationale</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Blanquer" title="Jean-Michel Blanquer">Jean-Michel Blanquer</a> propose une nouvelle matière au lycée, "les Humanités Numériques et Scientifiques" qui s’ajouterait au programme des élèves de seconde qui font leur rentrée au lycée en 2019. Selon Anthony Masure, la nouvelle matière introduite par le ministre de l’éducation permettra aux élèves d’aller plus loin que l’option informatique abandonnée en 2011. Cette matière pourrait, selon ses défenseurs, boucher le fossé entre les sciences exactes et les sciences humaines, qui sont souvent séparées en deux camps adverses en France<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><span class="citation">« Il y a aujourd’hui dans la communauté de chercheurs [en lettres] un usage du numérique qui permet les éditions en ligne critiques, la création de base de données, la visualisation de questions de recherche et qui crée de nouvelles questions de recherche. Mais il ne s’agit pas d’une nouvelle discipline, d’une nouvelle science. Le numérique a simplement favorisé une interdisciplinarité et une extension du réseau comme il l’a fait pour tout le reste<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. »</span> L'implication des informaticiens dans les disciplines sociales permet aux chercheurs d'aborder différemment leur domaine, pratique qualifiée par France Inter de révolution dans les sciences humaines<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Humanités et éditions numériques ne consistent pas qu'à comprendre comment nous faisons un livre. L'enjeu est plus global, fondamental. La question est de savoir comment nous structurons la société aujourd'hui. Milad Doueihi propose, dans ses ouvrages, l'idée que le numérique est une culture, et pas seulement un ensemble d'outils. Il fait voir que c'est un changement qui s'insère dans la continuité. Ce n'est pas une révolution culturelle. </p><p>La définition de ces sciences pose un problème et a fait l'objet de plusieurs recherches<sup id="cite_ref-cairn_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairn-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par exemple, Marin Dacos et Pierre Mounier dans <i>Humanités numériques. État des lieux et positionnement de la recherche française dans le contexte international</i> travaille sur le point de vue historique et concluent notamment : <span class="citation">« Au plus haut niveau de généralité, on pourrait dire que les humanités numériques désignent un dialogue interdisciplinaire sur la dimension numérique des recherches en sciences humaines et sociales, au niveau des outils, des méthodes, des objets d’études et des modes de communication »</span><sup id="cite_ref-cairn_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cairn-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_Humanities">Digital Humanities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Digital Humanities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Digital Humanities"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il y a un problème de traduction en français avec <i>digital humanities</i>. <i>Humanities</i> veut dire sciences humaines. On devrait parler de numérique au service des sciences humaines. <i><a href="/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s_num%C3%A9riques" title="Humanités numériques">Humanités Numériques</a></i> est un terme récent. La raison pour laquelle naît cette expression, c'est le fait que <i>doxa</i>/<i>vulgata</i> oppose les sciences humaines et les sciences mathématiques et scientifiques. Quand on parle de <i>digital</i>/numérique<i>,</i> on arrive à des chiffres littéraires, à un oxymore. Cette opposition se retrouve dans plusieurs débats. Ces deux modèles, dans les faits, ne sont pas opposés, ils fusionnent. Toute interprétation du monde peut être mathématique. Il y a une vision du monde littéraire, derrière des algorithmes, comme dans les sites de rencontre. On commence à comprendre qu'on peut modéliser des questions en sciences humaines. <i>Literacy and Linguistic Computing</i> devient un <i>Literacy Humanities</i>. On utilise de plus en plus l'outil informatique pour faire de la recherche. Puis vers les années 1990, arrive l'expression <i>Digital Humanities</i>. On commence à obtenir des postes en humanités numériques à l'université notamment. </p><p>Les Humanités Numériques ne sont pas seulement l'informatique au service des humanités, on l'utilise pour faire des recherches en sciences humaines. L'outil fait changer le paradigme pour les recherches. On peut faire des choses qui n'étaient pas possible auparavant. Les Humanités Numériques deviennent une réflexion de ce qu'est la recherche à l'époque numérique. </p><p>On transforme les Humanités Numériques en discipline, pour un besoin essentiellement institutionnel, qui est en premier lieu de pouvoir reconnaître le travail fait par les chercheurs dans un domaine qui est différent de leur domaine disciplinaire. Il y a une coupure entre ceux qui développent les humanités numériques et ceux qui font de la recherche. </p><p>Les Humanités Numériques ont besoin d'une réflexion quant à la place qu'elle possède dans le monde de la recherche. L'expert en Humanités Numériques doit faire de la recherche et doit s'insérer dans ce milieu. Il faut réfléchir aux impacts de la culture numérique sur les sciences humaines. Les Humanités Numériques deviennent une discipline théorique, qui cherchent les impacts du numérique sur nos cultures, et propose de nouvelles réflexions méthodologiques<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REN/HUMANISM.HTM">cf. Humanism, WSU</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2018">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Les humanités numériques et scientifiques débarquent au lycée, mais c’est quoi ?</cite> », <i>madmoiZelle.com</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-02-26" data-sort-value="2018-02-26">26 février 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madmoizelle.com/reforme-bac-humanites-numeriques-890911">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-18" data-sort-value="2018-04-18">18 avril 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+humanit%C3%A9s+num%C3%A9riques+et+scientifiques+d%C3%A9barquent+au+lyc%C3%A9e%2C+mais+c%E2%80%99est+quoi+%3F&rft.jtitle=madmoiZelle.com&rft.date=2018-02-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALettres+%28culture%29"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Les Humanités Numériques: une nouvelle discipline universitaire?</cite> », <i>Digital Humanities à l'Institut historique allemand</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-06-19" data-sort-value="2015-06-19">19 juin 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dhiha.hypotheses.org/1539">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-18" data-sort-value="2018-04-18">18 avril 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+Humanit%C3%A9s+Num%C3%A9riques%3A+une+nouvelle+discipline+universitaire%3F&rft.jtitle=Digital+Humanities+%C3%A0+l%27Institut+historique+allemand&rft.date=2015-06-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALettres+%28culture%29"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2014">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Qu'est-ce que les humanités numériques ?</cite> », <i>France Culture</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-03-27" data-sort-value="2014-03-27">27 mars 2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/conferences/institut-francais/quest-ce-que-les-humanites-numeriques">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-18" data-sort-value="2018-04-18">18 avril 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Qu%27est-ce+que+les+humanit%C3%A9s+num%C3%A9riques+%3F&rft.jtitle=France+Culture&rft.date=2014-03-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALettres+%28culture%29"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cairn-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cairn_5-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-cairn_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Longhi2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Julien_Longhi2017">Julien <span class="nom_auteur">Longhi</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Humanités, numérique : des corpus au sens, du sens aux corpus</cite> », <i>Questions de communication</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 31,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-09-04" data-sort-value="2017-09-04">4 septembre 2017</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">7–17</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1633-5961">1633-5961</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-questions-de-communication-2017-1-page-7.htm">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-18" data-sort-value="2018-04-18">18 avril 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Humanit%C3%A9s%2C+num%C3%A9rique+%3A+des+corpus+au+sens%2C+du+sens+aux+corpus&rft.jtitle=Questions+de+communication&rft.issue=31&rft.aulast=Longhi&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft.date=2017-09-04&rft.pages=7%E2%80%9317&rft.issn=1633-5961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALettres+%28culture%29"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cours en Master Humanités Numériques à Rouen</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s" title="Humanités">Humanités</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esprit_critique" title="Esprit critique">Esprit critique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lettres_(culture)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la santé<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006809"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Medical Subject Headings</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanities"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//humaniora/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0231688.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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