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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Ashby_Players_and_theatre_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ashby_Players_and_theatre_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Ashby Players and theatre work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ashby_Players_and_theatre_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="درتی اشبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درتی اشبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%89" title="دوروثى اشبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوروثى اشبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ドロシー・アシュビー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドロシー・アシュビー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby" title="Dorothy Ashby – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dorothy Ashby" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%95%D1%88%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Дороті Ешбі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дороті Ешбі" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American jazz harpist and composer (1932–1986)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Dorothy Ashby</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_Ashby_%2B_Autograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/Dorothy_Ashby_%2B_Autograph.jpg/220px-Dorothy_Ashby_%2B_Autograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b8/Dorothy_Ashby_%2B_Autograph.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="339" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Dorothy Jeanne Thompson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1932-08-06</span>)</span>August 6, 1932<br /><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 13, 1986<span style="display:none">(1986-04-13)</span> (aged 53)<br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument(s)</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">Harp</a>, piano, vocals, <a href="/wiki/Koto_(instrument)" title="Koto (instrument)">koto</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Dorothy Jeanne Thompson</b> (August 6, 1932 – April 13, 1986),<sup id="cite_ref-amgtj_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amgtj-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pgtj_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pgtj-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roughguide_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roughguide-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> better known as <b>Dorothy Ashby</b>, was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> <a href="/wiki/Harpist" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpist">harpist</a>, singer and composer.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hailed as one of the most "unjustly under loved jazz greats of the 1950s"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "most accomplished modern jazz harpist,"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashby established the harp as an improvising jazz instrument, beyond earlier use as a novelty or background orchestral instrument, proving the harp could play <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> as adeptly as the instruments commonly associated with jazz, such as the <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a> or piano.<sup id="cite_ref-RCJE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCJE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashby had to overcome many obstacles during the pursuit of her career.<sup id="cite_ref-Stokes_p._157_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stokes_p._157-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> female musician in a male-dominated industry, she was at a disadvantage. In a 1983 interview with <a href="/wiki/W._Royal_Stokes" title="W. Royal Stokes">W. Royal Stokes</a> for his book <i>Living the Jazz Life,</i> she remarked of her career: "It's been maybe a triple burden in that not a lot of women are becoming known as jazz players. There is also the connection with black women. The audiences I was trying to reach were not interested in the <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>, period—classical or otherwise—and they were certainly not interested in seeing a black woman playing the harp."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashby successfully navigated these disadvantages, and subsequently aided in the expansion of who was listening to harp music and what the harp was deemed capable of producing as an instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashby's albums were of the jazz genre, but often moved into <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>, and other styles, especially her 1970 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubaiyat_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby">The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby</a></i>, where she demonstrates her talents on another instrument, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Koto_(instrument)" title="Koto (instrument)">koto</a>, successfully integrating it into jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ashby was born Dorothy Jeanne Thompson and grew up in the jazz community in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, where her father, Wiley Thompson, a self-taught jazz guitarist,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often brought home fellow jazz musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Stokes_p._157_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stokes_p._157-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even as a young girl, she would provide support and background to their music by playing the piano. </p><p>She attended <a href="/wiki/Cass_Technical_High_School" title="Cass Technical High School">Cass Technical High School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where fellow students included such future musical talents and jazz greats as <a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Wilson" title="Gerald Wilson">Gerald Wilson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Burrell" title="Kenny Burrell">Kenny Burrell</a>. While in high school, she tried her hand at a number of instruments including the <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="String bass">string bass</a> before, influenced by her father and piano teacher, coming upon the harp. Instructed by Velma Froude, Ashby learned the strict classical style of harp playing influenced by French harpist <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Salzedo" title="Carlos Salzedo">Carlos Salzedo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aged 17, Ashby continued her music studies at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> in Detroit, where she majored in piano and <a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">music education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After she graduated, she began playing the piano in the jazz scene in Detroit, though by 1952 she had made the harp her main instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, her fellow jazz musicians were resistant to the idea of adding the harp, which they perceived as an instrument of <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">classical music</a> and somewhat ethereal in sound in jazz performances. Ashby overcame their initial resistance and built support for the harp as a jazz instrument by organizing free shows and playing at dances and weddings with her trio.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She recorded with <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb" title="Jimmy Cobb">Jimmy Cobb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Thigpen" title="Ed Thigpen">Ed Thigpen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davis_(double_bassist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Davis (double bassist)">Richard Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wess" title="Frank Wess">Frank Wess</a> and others in the late 1950s and early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, she also had her own radio show in Detroit where she would occasionally perform live shows with her husband, and talk.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashby partially contributed to the spread of unstereotypical music education in Detroit during 1967. Robert H. Klotman, a divisional director of music education was inspired by her and <a href="/wiki/Cass_Technical_High_School" title="Cass Technical High School">Cass Technical Highschool</a>'s harp and vocal ensemble, placing 10 Troubadour harps in five inner-city schools.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashby's trio, including her husband, John Ashby, on drums, regularly toured the country, recording albums for several record labels.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She played with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a>, among others. In 1962, Ashby won <i><a href="/wiki/Down_Beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Down Beat">Down Beat</a></i> magazine's critics' and readers' awards for best jazz performers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her first full jazz LP, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Harpist" title="The Jazz Harpist">The Jazz Harpist</a></i>, was recorded for Savoy in 1957, with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wess" title="Frank Wess">Frank Wess</a> on flute, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jones_(jazz_musician)" title="Eddie Jones (jazz musician)">Eddie Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Marshall" title="Wendell Marshall">Wendell Marshall</a> on bass and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Thigpen" title="Ed Thigpen">Ed Thigpen</a> on drums. The album was a mix of standards, such as “Thou Swell” and "Stella by Starlight", and Ms. Ashby's originals. It was critically well received, but the record buying public ignored it. Her next album <i><a href="/wiki/Hip_Harp" title="Hip Harp">Hip Harp</a></i> (1958), on <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a>, featured <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wess" title="Frank Wess">Frank Wess</a> on flute, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wright" title="Herman Wright">Herman Wright</a> on bass, and <a href="/wiki/Art_Taylor" title="Art Taylor">Art Taylor</a> on drums. In all, Dorothy led 10 sessions between 1957 and 1970 for Atlantic, Cadet and many other labels. She was fearless in her musical choices as she played not just bop, but soul, Brazilian, African, Middle Eastern and like her contemporary (and other great jazz harpist) <a href="/wiki/Alice_Coltrane" title="Alice Coltrane">Alice Coltrane</a>, free jazz. Ms. Ashby pioneered the use of the Japanese koto in jazz on her 1970 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubaiyat_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby">The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby</a></i>, which was somewhat maligned in its time, but has become appreciated as an iconoclastic marriage of soul, world music and free jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ashby_Players_and_theatre_work">The Ashby Players and theatre work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Ashby Players and theatre work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s, Ashby, together with her husband, formed a theatrical group to produce plays that would be relevant to the African-American community of Detroit. This production group went by several names depending on the theater production. </p><p>They created a series of theatrical musical plays that Dorothy and John Ashby produced together as this theatrical company, the Ashby Players of Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of most of the plays, John Ashby wrote the scripts and Ashby wrote the scores.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashby also played harp and piano on the soundtracks to all of her plays. She starred in the production of the play <i>3–6–9</i> herself. Most of the music that she wrote for these plays is available only on a handful of the reel-to-reel tapes that Ashby recorded herself. Only a couple of the many songs she created for her plays later appeared on LPs that she released. Later in her career, she would make recordings and perform at concerts primarily to raise money for the Ashby Players theatrical productions. </p><p>The theatrical production group The Ashby Players not only produced black theater in Detroit and Canada but provided early theatrical and acting opportunities for black actors. <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Hudson" title="Ernie Hudson">Ernie Hudson</a> (of <i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters" title="Ghostbusters">Ghostbusters</a></i>, credited as <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Hudson" title="Ernie Hudson">Earnest L. Hudson</a>) was a featured actor in the Artists Productions version of the play <i>3–6–9</i>. In the late 1960s, the Ashbys gave up touring and settled in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, where Dorothy broke into the studio recording system as a <a href="/wiki/Harpist" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpist">harpist</a> through the help of the soul singer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Withers" title="Bill Withers">Bill Withers</a>, who recommended her to <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>. As a result, she was called upon for a number of studio sessions playing for more pop-oriented acts.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ashby died aged 53 from cancer on April 13, 1986, in her home located in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her body was cremated, and her ashes were scattered over Santa Monica Bay after a memorial service.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rock" title="Pete Rock">Pete Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahzel" title="Rahzel">Rahzel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ugly_Duckling_(hip_hop_group)" title="Ugly Duckling (hip hop group)">Ugly Duckling</a> sampled Ashby's harp music for their own works.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a> included a sample of Ashby's rendition of "<a href="/wiki/The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind" title="The Windmills of Your Mind">The Windmills of Your Mind</a>" in his song "Final Fantasy" from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_(Drake_album)" title="Scorpion (Drake album)">Scorpion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_leader">As leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1957: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Harpist" title="The Jazz Harpist">The Jazz Harpist</a></i> (Regent) – with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wess" title="Frank Wess">Frank Wess</a></li> <li>1958: <i><a href="/wiki/Hip_Harp" title="Hip Harp">Hip Harp</a></i> (Prestige) – with Frank Wess</li> <li>1958: <i><a href="/wiki/In_a_Minor_Groove" title="In a Minor Groove">In a Minor Groove</a></i> (New Jazz) – with Frank Wess</li> <li>1961: <i><a href="/wiki/Soft_Winds_(album)" title="Soft Winds (album)">Soft Winds</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records" title="Riverside Records">Jazzland</a>)</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby_(album)" title="Dorothy Ashby (album)">Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (Argo)</li> <li>1965: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fantastic_Jazz_Harp_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Fantastic Jazz Harp of Dorothy Ashby">The Fantastic Jazz Harp of Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (Atlantic)</li> <li>1966: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sounds_of_Christmas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sounds of Christmas (page does not exist)">The Sounds of Christmas</a></i> (Tab) – with Jimmy Clark and Tom Montgomery</li> <li>1968: <i><a href="/wiki/Afro-Harping" title="Afro-Harping">Afro-Harping</a></i> (Cadet)</li> <li>1969: <i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy%27s_Harp" title="Dorothy's Harp">Dorothy's Harp</a></i> (Cadet)</li> <li>1970: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubaiyat_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby">The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (Cadet)</li> <li>1984: <i><a href="/wiki/Django/Misty" title="Django/Misty">Django/Misty</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Philips_Records" title="Philips Records">Philips</a>)</li> <li>1984: <i><a href="/wiki/Concierto_de_Aranjuez_(Dorothy_Ashby_album)" title="Concierto de Aranjuez (Dorothy Ashby album)">Concierto de Aranjuez</a></i> (Philips)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_sidewoman">As sidewoman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As sidewoman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Bill_Withers" title="Bill Withers">Bill Withers</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%2B%27Justments" title="+'Justments">+'Justments</a></i> (Columbia, 1974)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Bobbi_Humphrey" title="Bobbi Humphrey">Bobbi Humphrey</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Dancer" title="Fancy Dancer">Fancy Dancer</a></i> (Blue Note, 1975)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Minnie_Riperton" title="Minnie Riperton">Minnie Riperton</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Paradise_(Minnie_Riperton_album)" title="Adventures in Paradise (Minnie Riperton album)">Adventures in Paradise</a></i> (Epic, 1975)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Wade_Marcus" title="Wade Marcus">Wade Marcus</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis_(Wade_Marcus_album)" title="Metamorphosis (Wade Marcus album)">Metamorphosis</a></i> (ABC/Impulse!, 1976)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Turrentine" title="Stanley Turrentine">Stanley Turrentine</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Come_On_Out" title="Everybody Come On Out">Everybody Come On Out</a></i> (Fantasy, 1976)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_in_the_Key_of_Life" title="Songs in the Key of Life">Songs in the Key of Life</a></i> (Motown, 1976)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Criss" title="Sonny Criss">Sonny Criss</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i>Warm & Sonny</i> (Impulse!, 1977)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Gene_Harris" title="Gene Harris">Gene Harris</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tone_Tantrum" title="Tone Tantrum">Tone Tantrum</a></i> (Blue Note, 1977)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_Joy_(album)" title="Bundle of Joy (album)">Bundle of Joy</a></i> (Columbia, 1977)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Late_at_Night_(Billy_Preston_album)" title="Late at Night (Billy Preston album)">Late at Night</a></i> (Motown, 1979)</li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Womack" title="Bobby Womack">Bobby Womack</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poet_(album)" title="The Poet (album)">The Poet</a></i> (Beverly Glenn, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poet_II" title="The Poet II">The Poet II</a> </i>(Beverly Glenn, 1984)<i></i></li></ul> <p><b>With <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Kitajima" title="Osamu Kitajima">Osamu Kitajima</a></b> </p> <ul><li><i>The Source</i> (1984)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/27px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/40px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/53px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandee_Younger" title="Brandee Younger">Brandee Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Coltrane" title="Alice Coltrane">Alice Coltrane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-amgtj-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amgtj_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWynn1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wynn" title="Ron Wynn">Wynn, Ron</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wynn" title="Ron Wynn">Ron Wynn</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/All_Music_Guide_to_Jazz" title="All Music Guide to Jazz"><i>All Music Guide to Jazz</i></a>. M. Erlewine, V. Bogdanov. San Francisco: Miller Freeman. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetoj00wynn/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-308-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-308-5"><bdi>0-87930-308-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Music+Guide+to+Jazz&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87930-308-5&rft.aulast=Wynn&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pgtj-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pgtj_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookMorton2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cook_(journalist)" title="Richard Cook (journalist)">Cook, Richard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Morton_(Scottish_writer)" title="Brian Morton (Scottish writer)">Morton, Brian</a> (2006) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguinguidetoja00cook_1/page/48"><i>The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Penguin_Guide_to_Jazz" title="The Penguin Guide to Jazz">The Penguin Guide to Jazz</a> (8th ed.). New York: Penguin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguinguidetoja00cook_1/page/48">48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1410-2327-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-1410-2327-9"><bdi>0-1410-2327-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Guide+to+Jazz+Recordings&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Penguin+Guide+to+Jazz&rft.pages=48&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-1410-2327-9&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Morton%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpenguinguidetoja00cook_1%2Fpage%2F48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roughguide-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roughguide_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrFairweatherPriestley2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Carr" title="Ian Carr">Carr, Ian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Digby_Fairweather" title="Digby Fairweather">Fairweather, Digby</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Priestley" title="Brian Priestley">Priestley, Brian</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetojazz00carr/page/28"><i>The Rough Guide to Jazz</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a> (3rd ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetojazz00carr/page/28">28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843532569" title="Special:BookSources/9781843532569"><bdi>9781843532569</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Jazz&rft.place=London&rft.series=Rough+Guides&rft.pages=28&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781843532569&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Fairweather%2C+Digby&rft.au=Priestley%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetojazz00carr%2Fpage%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanow" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yanow" title="Scott Yanow">Yanow, Scott</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dorothy-ashby-mn0000159274/biography">"Dorothy Ashby | Biography & History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Ashby+%26%23124%3B+Biography+%26+History&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.aulast=Yanow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fdorothy-ashby-mn0000159274%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoon2006" class="citation web cs1">Moon, Tom (November 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6488979">"Dorothy Ashby and a Harp That Swings"</a>. <i>National Public Radio</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Ashby+and+a+Harp+That+Swings&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6488979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlacksin1982" class="citation book cs1">Placksin, Sally (1982). <i>American Women in Jazz: 1900 to the Present</i>. New York: Seaview Books. p. 239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Women+in+Jazz%3A+1900+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Seaview+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Placksin&rft.aufirst=Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCJE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCJE_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2005" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Richard (2005). <i>Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia</i>. London: Penguin Books. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-141-00646-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-141-00646-3"><bdi>0-141-00646-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Cook%27s+Jazz+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-141-00646-3&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stokes_p._157-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stokes_p._157_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stokes_p._157_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes2000" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, W. Royal (2000). <i>Living the Jazz Life</i>. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+the+Jazz+Life&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=W.+Royal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes2000" class="citation book cs1">Stokes (2000). <i>Living the Jazz Life</i>. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+the+Jazz+Life&rft.pages=158&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Stokes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRensch2007" class="citation book cs1">Rensch, Roslyn (2007) [1989]. <i>Harps and Harpists</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harps+and+Harpists&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Rensch&rft.aufirst=Roslyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2017" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, David (March 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianapublicmedia.org/nightlights/fantastic-jazz-harp-dorothy-ashby/">"The Fantastic Jazz Harp of Dorothy Ashby"</a>. <i>Indiana Public Media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice.com&rft.atitle=Dissecting+the+4+Most+Improbable+Samples+on+Drake%27s+%27Scorpion%27&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Alex+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fevkyvn%2Fdrake-scoripion-samples-plies-dorothy-ashby-magnolia-shorty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ashby" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceagepop.com/ashby.htm">Dorothy Ashby</a> (biography from SpaceAgePop.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/muycool/sets/72157605712829795/">Dorothy Ashby's Ashby Players Black Theater</a> (A selection of Ashby Players flyers, programs, and posters on Flickr)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejazzarts.org/blog/unsung-women-of-jazz-dorothy-ashby/">Unsung Women of Jazz – Dorothy Ashby</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dorothy_Ashby" title="Template:Dorothy Ashby"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dorothy_Ashby" title="Template talk:Dorothy Ashby"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dorothy_Ashby" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dorothy Ashby"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dorothy_Ashby" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dorothy Ashby</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Years given are for the recording(s), not first release, unless stated otherwise.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Harpist" title="The Jazz Harpist">The Jazz Harpist</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hip_Harp" title="Hip Harp">Hip Harp</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wess" title="Frank Wess">Frank Wess</a>, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_a_Minor_Groove" title="In a Minor Groove">In a Minor Groove</a></i> (with Frank Wess, 1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soft_Winds_(album)" title="Soft Winds (album)">Soft Winds</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Ashby_(album)" title="Dorothy Ashby (album)">Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fantastic_Jazz_Harp_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Fantastic Jazz Harp of Dorothy Ashby">The Fantastic Jazz Harp of Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afro-Harping" title="Afro-Harping">Afro-Harping</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy%27s_Harp" title="Dorothy's Harp">Dorothy's Harp</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubaiyat_of_Dorothy_Ashby" title="The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby">The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concierto_de_Aranjuez_(Dorothy_Ashby_album)" title="Concierto de Aranjuez (Dorothy Ashby album)">Concierto de Aranjuez</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Django/Misty" title="Django/Misty">Django/Misty</a></i> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530522#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530522#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530522#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055148759">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/70149294402380522649">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134317270">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82246155">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13933812p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13933812p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ashby, Dorothy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/DDSV003582">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5378169">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070840156">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2011674">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522673606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c0b33447-18d5-4d50-93c1-a9aa7463bd48">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kw808p">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&oldid=1256690615">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ashby&oldid=1256690615</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1932_births" title="Category:1932 births">1932 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1986_deaths" title="Category:1986 deaths">1986 deaths</a></li><li><a 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