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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fondations_en_1248" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondations_en_1248"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fondations en 1248</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondations_en_1248-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1248" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1248"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naissances en 1248</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1248-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1248" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1248"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Décès en 1248</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1248-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1248</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 139 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1248 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1248 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B4%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۴۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۴۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="১২৪৮ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৪৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১২৪৮ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২৪৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248." title="1248. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1248." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1248 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1248 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1248 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1248 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A4%D9%A8" title="١٢٤٨ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٤٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B4%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۴۸ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۴۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%E5%B9%B4" title="1248年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1248年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१२४८ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२४८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248." title="1248. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1248." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1248 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1248 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%E5%B9%B4" title="1248年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1248年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1248 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1248 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%EB%85%84" title="1248년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1248년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1248" title="Joohr 1248 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1248" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_m." title="1248 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1248 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248._gads" title="1248. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1248. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १२४८ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२४८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%D0%B8" title="1248 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1248 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%84%E1%81%88" title="၁၂၄၈ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၄၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B4%DB%B8" title="۱۲۴۸ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۴۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="सन् १२४८ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२४८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୨୪୮ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୪୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1248-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1248-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१२४८ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२४८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1248 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1248 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१२४८ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२४८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%D8%B9" title="1248ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1248ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248." title="1248. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1248." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1248" title="Соли 1248 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1248" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1791" title="พ.ศ. 1791 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1791" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1248 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1248 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%D8%A1" title="1248ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1248ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%E5%B9%B4" title="1248年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1248年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248" title="1248 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1248" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%E5%B9%B4" title="1248年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1248年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248_n%C3%AE" title="1248 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1248 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1248%E5%B9%B4" title="1248年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1248年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5483#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1248" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:1248" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1248"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible 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liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&oldid=219813483" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=1248&id=219813483&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1248"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1248"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1248"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1248&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1248" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5483" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1248</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Vincenzo_onofri,_sant%27alberto_magno,_1493.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/220px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/330px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG/440px-Vincenzo_onofri%2C_sant%27alberto_magno%2C_1493.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/Albert_le_Grand" title="Albert le Grand">Albert le Grand</a> se rend à <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> pour y prendre ses grades. Il devient régent du couvent dominicain de <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Jacques_(Paris)" title="Rue Saint-Jacques (Paris)">Saint-Jacques</a> et enseigne la <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ologie" title="Théologie">théologie</a> à l'<a href="/wiki/Ancienne_universit%C3%A9_de_Paris" title="Ancienne université de Paris">université de Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/1245" title="1245">1245</a>-<a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a>). Il a pour élève <a href="/wiki/Thomas_d%27Aquin" title="Thomas d'Aquin">Thomas d'Aquin</a> qui l'accompagne à Cologne entre 1248 et 1252<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1245" title="1245">1245</a> <a href="/wiki/1246" title="1246">1246</a> <a href="/wiki/1247" title="1247">1247</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1248</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a> <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a> <a href="/wiki/1251" title="1251">1251</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1210" title="Années 1210">1210</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1220" title="Années 1220">1220</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1230" title="Années 1230">1230</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1240" title="Années 1240">1240</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1250" title="Années 1250">1250</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1260" title="Années 1260">1260</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1270" title="Années 1270">1270</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1248 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1248_dans_les_croisades" title="1248 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1248 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1248_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1248 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1248</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_bissextile" title="Année bissextile">année bissextile</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_bissextile_commen%C3%A7ant_un_mercredi" title="Année bissextile commençant un mercredi">commence un mercredi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Entre le <a href="/wiki/27_mars" title="27 mars">27 mars</a> et le <a href="/wiki/24_avril" title="24 avril">24 avril</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : mort de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk" title="Güyük">Güyük</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> <a href="/wiki/Khan" title="Khan">khan</a> suprême des <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, alors qu’il marchait vers l’ouest avec son armée. Sa veuve <a href="/wiki/Oghul_Qa%C3%AFmich" title="Oghul Qaïmich">Oghul Qaïmich</a> d’origine merkit ou oïrat, assume la régence. La désignation du futur khan pose un problème. Oghul Qaïmich voudrait certainement élever au trône son fils Koutcha, et consentirait à l’élection du neveu de Guyuk, Chiremune pour que la branche d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%96g%C3%B6dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ögödei">Ögödei</a> conserve le pouvoir. Mais elle se heurte aux ambitions de <a href="/wiki/Batu" title="Batu">Batu</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Sorgaqtani" title="Sorgaqtani">Soyourghagtani</a>, épouse de <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolouï</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_ao%C3%BBt" title="20 août">20 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_ben_Abd_al-Haqq" title="Abu Yahya ben Abd al-Haqq">Abou Yahia</a>, chef des Béni Mérin (<a href="/wiki/Marinides" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinides">Marinides</a>), prend <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8s" title="Fès">Fès</a> et y installe sa capitale<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il rejette l’autorité du calife <a href="/wiki/Almohade" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohade">almohade</a> de <a href="/wiki/Marrakech" title="Marrakech">Marrakech</a> et se proclame vassal de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%BB_Zakariy%C3%A2_Yahy%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abû Zakariyâ Yahyâ (page inexistante)">Abu Zakariya</a> <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:أبو زكرياء الأول"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en arabe : « أبو زكرياء الأول »">(ar)</span></a>, calife <a href="/wiki/Hafsides" title="Hafsides">hafside</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_ao%C3%BBt" title="25 août">25 août</a> : le roi de France <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX de France">Louis IX</a> s'embarque à <a href="/wiki/Aigues-Mortes" title="Aigues-Mortes">Aigues-Mortes</a> pour une <a href="/wiki/Septi%C3%A8me_croisade" title="Septième croisade">septième croisade</a> avec sa femme <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Provence" title="Marguerite de Provence">Marguerite de Provence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_septembre" title="7 septembre">7 septembre</a> : la <a href="/wiki/Septi%C3%A8me_croisade" title="Septième croisade">septième croisade</a> débarque à <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Chypre" title="Royaume de Chypre">Chypre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX de France">Louis IX</a> doit y hiverner jusqu'au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1249-06-06" data-sort-value="1249-06-06">30 mai 1249</time><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_d%C3%A9cembre" title="20 décembre">20 décembre</a> : Louis IX, qui rêve de s’allier avec les <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> pour prendre les musulmans en tenaille, reçoit à <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Chypre" class="mw-redirect" title="Île de Chypre">Chypre</a> une délégation de Mongols qui lui fait miroiter une possible conversion de ceux-ci au christianisme. Il fait alors parvenir aux Mongols de précieux cadeaux en retour. Se méprenant sur son geste, les Mongols le traitent comme un simple vassal, en lui demandant de renouveler chaque année ses présents<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_f%C3%A9vrier" title="2 février">2 février</a> : la nuit de la <a href="/wiki/Chandeleur" title="Chandeleur">Chandeleur</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Guelfes" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelfes">Guelfes</a> sont chassés de <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> (fin en 1250)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_f%C3%A9vrier" title="18 février">18 février</a> : <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric II du Saint-Empire">Frédéric II</a> échoue devant <a href="/wiki/Parme" title="Parme">Parme</a> et perd la <a href="/wiki/Romagne_(Italie)" title="Romagne (Italie)">Romagne</a> et <a href="/wiki/Spol%C3%A8te" title="Spolète">Spolète</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il se retire en <a href="/wiki/Sicile" title="Sicile">Sicile</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg/220px-Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg/330px-Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg/440px-Caesar_van_Everdingen_Count_Willem_II_of_Holland_Granting_Privileges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier du Saint-Empire">Guillaume de Hollande</a> garantissant les privilèges, toile de Caesar van Everdingen (1654) </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11_mars" title="11 mars">11 mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Zierikzee" title="Zierikzee">Zierikzee</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9lande" title="Zélande">Zélande</a>, obtient le droit de cité<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_avril" title="26 avril">26 avril</a> : consécration solennelle de la <a href="/wiki/Sainte_Chapelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte Chapelle">Sainte Chapelle</a> de <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_mai" title="15 mai">15 mai</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : nouveau procès contre le <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> qui est à nouveau condamné et brûlé à <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai" title="Mai">Mai</a> : visite en <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a> du cardinal-légat <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Sabina" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume de Sabina">Guillaume de Sabina</a>. Il participe au synode de <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4nninge" title="Skänninge">Skänninge</a> (organisation des premiers chapitres cathédraux, célibat des prêtres)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_ao%C3%BBt" title="14 août">14 août</a> : la construction de la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Cologne" title="Cathédrale de Cologne">cathédrale de Cologne</a> commence en <a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_ao%C3%BBt" title="28 août">28 août</a> : départ de la <a href="/wiki/Septi%C3%A8me_croisade" title="Septième croisade">septième croisade</a> organisée par <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> à <a href="/wiki/Aigues-Mortes" title="Aigues-Mortes">Aigues-Mortes</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li>Le sénéchal de <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Joinville" title="Jean de Joinville">Jean de Joinville</a> participe à la septième croisade aux côtés du roi Louis IX dont il est le confident et le conseiller.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_de_Castille" title="Blanche de Castille">Blanche de Castille</a> est régente de <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_novembre" title="1er novembre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier du Saint-Empire">Guillaume de Hollande</a> est couronné <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_souverains_du_Saint-Empire" title="Liste des souverains du Saint-Empire">roi des Romains</a> à <a href="/wiki/Aix-la-Chapelle" title="Aix-la-Chapelle">Aix-la-Chapelle</a> après avoir pris la ville en octobre<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_novembre" title="23 novembre">23 novembre</a> : la <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquête</a> chrétienne de l'<a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> est presque complète avec la prise de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ville" title="Séville">Séville</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les musulmans ne gardent que <a href="/wiki/Grenade_(Espagne)" title="Grenade (Espagne)">Grenade</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_de_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand III de Castille">Ferdinand III</a> chasse les Maures de la ville (la capitulation des cités d’importance étant suivie, pour des raisons de sécurité, de l’exode des habitants musulmans). La population est remplacée par des Castillans, des Génois, des Catalans et des Juifs. Les musulmans ou <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">mudéjars</a> sont regroupés dans des <i>morerias</i> au sein des villes où ils s’administrent eux-mêmes et jouissent d’une totale liberté contre le paiement d’un tribut.</li> <li>Nuit du <a href="/wiki/24_novembre" title="24 novembre">24</a> au <a href="/wiki/25_novembre" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : 500 millions de m³ s'éboulent de la <a href="/wiki/Mont_Granier" title="Mont Granier">montagne du Granier</a>, en Savoie, tuant plus de 1 000 personnes<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Le <a href="/wiki/Roi_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Roi de Norvège">roi de Norvège</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_IV_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Håkon IV de Norvège">Haakon IV</a> supplie les <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeckois</a> d’envoyer rapidement des grains à <a href="/wiki/Bergen_(Norv%C3%A8ge)" title="Bergen (Norvège)">Bergen</a> pour parer à la disette<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_d%27Acha%C3%AFe" title="Principauté d'Achaïe">Morée</a>, la ville de <a href="/wiki/Monemvasia" title="Monemvasia">Monemvasia</a> (Malvoisie) tombe aux mains des Latins après deux ans de siège<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_le_Grand" title="Albert le Grand">Albert le Grand</a> et <a href="/wiki/Thomas_d%27Aquin" title="Thomas d'Aquin">Thomas d'Aquin</a> vont ensemble de <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> à <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fondations_en_1248">Fondations en 1248</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Fondations en 1248" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fondations en 1248"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Voir la catégorie : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Fondation_en_1248" title="Catégorie:Fondation en 1248">Fondation en 1248</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1248">Naissances en 1248</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1248" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1248"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1248" title="Naissance en 1248">Naissance en 1248</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1248"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1248"></span>Décès en 1248</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1248" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1248"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1248" title="Décès en 1248">Décès en 1248</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Humbrecht2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thierry-Dominique_Humbrecht2005">Thierry-Dominique <span class="nom_auteur">Humbrecht</span>, <cite class="italique">Théologie négative et noms divins chez Saint Thomas d'Aquin</cite>, Vrin, <time>2005</time>, 841 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7116-1817-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7116-1817-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7116-1817-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=SCK1TucVSG0C&pg=PA102">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Th%C3%A9ologie+n%C3%A9gative+et+noms+divins+chez+Saint+Thomas+d%27Aquin&rft.pub=Vrin&rft.aulast=Humbrecht&rft.aufirst=Thierry-Dominique&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=841&rft.isbn=978-2-7116-1817-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1248"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=dwY2AAAAIAAJ&q=%22G%C3%BCy%C3%BCk+est+mort+entre+le+27+mars+et+le+24+avril+1248%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Revue de l'Orient chrétien</i>, 1931</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=uTlwAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1"><i>Histoire de la Mongolie, des origines à nos jours</i>, par László Lőrincz Publié par Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-963-05-3381-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-963-05-3381-2"><span class="nowrap">978-963-05-3381-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=4bujwAigzEgC&pg=PA212"><i>The world in the middle ages</i>, par Adolph Ludvig Køppen, Karl Spruner von Merz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=LwEoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA38"><i>Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale</i>, par Ibn Khaldūn Traduit par William MacGuckin Slane Publié par Impr. du Gouvernement, 1856</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=59QUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA112"><i>La France et la Méditerranée</i>, par Irad Malkin Publié par BRILL, 1990</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-08930-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-08930-3"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-08930-3</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=_ReGAAAAMAAJ&q=%2220+d%C3%A9cembre+1248%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem</i>, par René Grousset Publié par Plon, 1948</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Guelfes et Gibelins</i>, Alexandre Dumas Revue des Deux Mondes T.5, 1836</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=ruoWAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA262"><i>Histoire des républiques italiennes du Moyen-Âge</i>, par Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de Sismondi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=iXE4AAAAMAAJ&q=%2211.+M%C3%A4rz+1248+%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte</i>, par Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Institut für Geschichte Publié par Akademie-Verlag., 1975</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=KZ0jAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA266"><i>Les plus belles églises du monde</i>, par Jean Jacques Bourassé</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=SHFF_67wU-AC&pg=PA85"><i>Catalogue descriptif et raisonné des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de Carpentras</i>, par C. G. A. Lambert Publié par Impr. E. Rolland, 1862</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=X6sUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA109"><i>Abrégé de l'histoire de Suède</i>, par Louis Lemoine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=2hoYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA523"><i>Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Picardie</i>, 1844</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=tFAPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA52"><i>Histoire de France</i></a>, par <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Trognon" title="Auguste Trognon">Auguste Trognon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SchoellXaver_Zach1830"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric_SchoellFranz_Xaver_Zach1830">Frédéric Schoell et Franz Xaver Zach, <cite class="italique">Cours d'histoire des états européens</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 4, de l'imprimerie royale et chez Duncker et Humblot, <time>1830</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=e2E7QXeY9LgC&pg=PA238">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cours+d%27histoire+des+%C3%A9tats+europ%C3%A9ens&rft.pub=de+l%27imprimerie+royale+et+chez+Duncker+et+Humblot&rft.aulast=Schoell&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Franz+Xaver+Zach&rft.date=1830&rft.volume=4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1248"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=i2IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA302"><i>Histoire des Arabes et des Mores d'Espagne</i>, par Louis Viardot Publié par Pagnerre, 1851</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=lck9Ws_4njsC&pg=PA173"><i>Les mystères du Dauphiné</i></a>, par Claude Muller, Éditions de Borée, 2001. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782844940865" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782844940865"><span class="nowrap">9782844940865</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=djGsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38"><i>The German Hansa</i></a>, par Philippe Dollinger, Stanford University Press. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8047-0742-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8047-0742-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8047-0742-8</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Meyer_Setton1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kenneth_Meyer_Setton1976">Kenneth Meyer Setton, <cite class="italique">The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 : The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries</cite>, DIANE Publishing, <time>1976</time>, 512 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-87169-114-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-87169-114-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-87169-114-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC&pg=PA68">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204-1571&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.stitle=The+Thirteenth+and+Fourteenth+Centuries&rft.au=Kenneth+Meyer+Setton&rft.date=1976&rft.tpages=512&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-114-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1248"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="König-Pralong2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Catherine_König-Pralong2005">Catherine <span class="nom_auteur">König-Pralong</span>, <cite class="italique">Avènement de l'aristotélisme en terre chrétienne : l'essence et la matière : entre Thomas d'Aquin et Guillaume d'Ockham</cite>, Vrin, <time>2005</time>, 294 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7116-1752-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7116-1752-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7116-1752-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=rHm8g2_YploC&pg=PA135">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Av%C3%A8nement+de+l%27aristot%C3%A9lisme+en+terre+chr%C3%A9tienne+%3A+l%27essence+et+la+mati%C3%A8re+%3A+entre+Thomas+d%27Aquin+et+Guillaume+d%27Ockham&rft.pub=Vrin&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig-Pralong&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=294&rft.isbn=978-2-7116-1752-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1248"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1248&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1248/">L’année 1248</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail du Moyen Âge central"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/22px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/33px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png 1.5x, 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