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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Alternative forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etymology 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Verb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Usage notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conjugation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conjugation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>Conjugation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conjugation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Etymology 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Noun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derived_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Derived terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9sser" title="ésser – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ésser" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/esser" title="esser">esser</a></b> <i>and</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A8sser" title="èsser">èsser</a></b></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catalan">Catalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_forms">Alternative forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alternative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/esser#Catalan" title="esser">esser</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser#Catalan" title="ser">ser</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#inherited" title="Appendix:Glossary">Inherited</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Medieval Latin">Early Medieval Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/essere#Latin" title="essere">essere</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/sum#Latin" title="sum">esse</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Catalan pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Central Catalan">Central</a><span class="ib-comma">,</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Balearic Catalan">Balearic</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">[ˈe.sə]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Catalan pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_language" class="extiw" title="w:Valencian language">Valencia</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">[ˈe.seɾ]</span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio<span class="ib-colon qualifier-colon">:</span></td><td class="audiofile"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-ésser.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-%C3%A9sser.wav" title="File:LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-ésser.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verb">Verb</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Verb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="ca">ésser</strong> (<i>first-person singular present</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/soc#Catalan" title="soc">soc</a></b>, <i>first-person singular preterite</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fui#Catalan" title="fui">fui</a></b>, <i>past participle</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estat#Catalan" title="estat">estat</a></b> <i>or</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigut#Catalan" title="sigut">sigut</a></b>)</span>; <i>root stress</i>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Central Catalan">Central</a><span class="ib-comma">,</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_language" class="extiw" title="w:Valencian language">Valencia</a><span class="ib-comma">,</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Balearic Catalan">Balearic</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> /e/ </p> <ol><li><span class="usage-label-sense"><span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/copular_verb" title="copular verb">copulative</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span></span> to <a href="/wiki/be" title="be">be</a></li> <li>to <a href="/wiki/exist" title="exist">exist</a>, to be <a href="/wiki/real" title="real">real</a>, to be <a href="/wiki/reality" title="reality">reality</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Usage_notes">Usage notes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usage notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Ésser</b> in the sense of "to be" is used for a characteristic of a person or object. <i>See also</i>: <i class="Latn mention" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estar#Catalan" title="estar">estar</a></i>. <dl><dd><span class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="ca"><b>Soc</b> britànic, <b>és</b> catalana.</i> ― <span class="e-translation">I'm British, she's Catalan.</span></span></dd> <dd><span class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="ca">L'or <b>és</b> groc.</i> ― <span class="e-translation">Gold is yellow.</span></span></dd></dl></li> <li><b>Ésser</b> + <i>past participle</i> forms the passive voice. <dl><dd><span class="h-usage-example"><i class="Latn mention e-example" lang="ca"><b>Era</b> pagat per la Generalitat.</i> ― <span class="e-translation">I was paid by the Generalitat.</span></span></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Conjugation">Conjugation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conjugation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">    Conjugation of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ca"><strong class="selflink">ésser</strong></i> (<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_verbs#Second_conjugation" title="Appendix:Catalan verbs">second conjugation</a>, irregular)</div> <div class="NavContent"> <table style="width:100%;background:#F0F0F0;padding:.3em" data-toggle-category="inflection"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#e2e4c0;"><span title="infinitiu">infinitive</span> </th> <td colspan="5"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><strong class="selflink">ésser</strong></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#e2e4c0;"><span title="gerundi">gerund</span> </th> <td colspan="5"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sent#Catalan" title="sent">sent</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/essent#Catalan" title="essent">essent</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0"><span title="participi passat">past participle</span> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0"> </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0">masculine </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0">feminine </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0">singular </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estat#Catalan" title="estat">estat</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigut#Catalan" title="sigut">sigut</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estada#Catalan" title="estada">estada</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguda#Catalan" title="siguda">siguda</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#e2e4c0">plural </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estats#Catalan" title="estats">estats</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguts#Catalan" title="siguts">siguts</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/estades#Catalan" title="estades">estades</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigudes#Catalan" title="sigudes">sigudes</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#e2e4cb;">person </th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#e2e4cb;">singular </th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#e2e4cb;">plural </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">first </th> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">second </th> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">third </th> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">first </th> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">second </th> <th style="background:#e2e4cb;width:12.5%;">third </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="indicatiu">indicative</span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/jo#Catalan" title="jo">jo</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/tu#Catalan" title="tu">tu</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ell#Catalan" title="ell">ell</a></span>/<span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ella#Catalan" title="ella">ella</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8#Catalan" title="vostè">vostè</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/nosaltres#Catalan" title="nosaltres">nosaltres</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/n%C3%B3s#Catalan" title="nós">nós</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vosaltres#Catalan" title="vosaltres">vosaltres</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/v%C3%B3s#Catalan" title="vós">vós</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0cfe4;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ells#Catalan" title="ells">ells</a></span>/<span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/elles#Catalan" title="elles">elles</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8s#Catalan" title="vostès">vostès</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="present">present</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/soc#Catalan" title="soc">soc</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ets#Catalan" title="ets">ets</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9s#Catalan" title="és">és</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/som#Catalan" title="som">som</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sou#Catalan" title="sou">sou</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/s%C3%B3n#Catalan" title="són">són</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="imperfet">imperfect</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/era#Catalan" title="era">era</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/eres#Catalan" title="eres">eres</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/era#Catalan" title="era">era</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9rem#Catalan" title="érem">érem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9reu#Catalan" title="éreu">éreu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/eren#Catalan" title="eren">eren</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="futur">future</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser%C3%A9#Catalan" title="seré">seré</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser%C3%A0s#Catalan" title="seràs">seràs</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser%C3%A0#Catalan" title="serà">serà</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/serem#Catalan" title="serem">serem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sereu#Catalan" title="sereu">sereu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/seran#Catalan" title="seran">seran</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="passat">preterite</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fui#Catalan" title="fui">fui</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fores#Catalan" title="fores">fores</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fou#Catalan" title="fou">fou</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3rem#Catalan" title="fórem">fórem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3reu#Catalan" title="fóreu">fóreu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/foren#Catalan" title="foren">foren</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0cfe4;"><span title="condicional">conditional</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/seria#Catalan" title="seria">seria</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fora#Catalan" title="fora">fora</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/series#Catalan" title="series">series</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fores#Catalan" title="fores">fores</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/seria#Catalan" title="seria">seria</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fora#Catalan" title="fora">fora</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser%C3%ADem#Catalan" title="seríem">seríem</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3rem#Catalan" title="fórem">fórem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ser%C3%ADeu#Catalan" title="seríeu">seríeu</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3reu#Catalan" title="fóreu">fóreu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/serien#Catalan" title="serien">serien</a></span>, <span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/foren#Catalan" title="foren">foren</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;" rowspan="3"><span title="subjuntiu">subjunctive</span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/jo#Catalan" title="jo">jo</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/tu#Catalan" title="tu">tu</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ell#Catalan" title="ell">ell</a></span>/<span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ella#Catalan" title="ella">ella</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8#Catalan" title="vostè">vostè</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/nosaltres#Catalan" title="nosaltres">nosaltres</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/n%C3%B3s#Catalan" title="nós">nós</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vosaltres#Catalan" title="vosaltres">vosaltres</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/v%C3%B3s#Catalan" title="vós">vós</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#c0e4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/ells#Catalan" title="ells">ells</a></span>/<span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/elles#Catalan" title="elles">elles</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8s#Catalan" title="vostès">vostès</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0e4c0;"><span title="present">present</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigui#Catalan" title="sigui">sigui</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguis#Catalan" title="siguis">siguis</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigui#Catalan" title="sigui">sigui</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguem#Catalan" title="siguem">siguem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigueu#Catalan" title="sigueu">sigueu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguin#Catalan" title="siguin">siguin</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#c0e4c0;" rowspan="1"><span title="imperfet">imperfect</span> </th> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fos#Catalan" title="fos">fos</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fossis#Catalan" title="fossis">fossis</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fos#Catalan" title="fos">fos</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3ssim#Catalan" title="fóssim">fóssim</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/f%C3%B3ssiu#Catalan" title="fóssiu">fóssiu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/fossin#Catalan" title="fossin">fossin</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="height:3em;background:#e4d4c0;"><span title="imperatiu">imperative</span> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;">— </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/tu#Catalan" title="tu">tu</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8#Catalan" title="vostè">vostè</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/nosaltres#Catalan" title="nosaltres">nosaltres</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vosaltres#Catalan" title="vosaltres">vosaltres</a></span><br /><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/v%C3%B3s#Catalan" title="vós">vós</a></span> </th> <th style="background:#e4d4c0;"><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/vost%C3%A8s#Catalan" title="vostès">vostès</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#e4d4c0;"><span title="afirmatiu">affirmative</span> </th> <td>— </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigues#Catalan" title="sigues">sigues</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigui#Catalan" title="sigui">sigui</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguem#Catalan" title="siguem">siguem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/sigueu#Catalan" title="sigueu">sigueu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn form-of lang-ca verb-form-ésser-form-of origin-ésser" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/siguin#Catalan" title="siguin">siguin</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:3em;background:#e4d4c0;"><span title="negatiu">negative</span> (<span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a></span>) </th> <td>— </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a> <a href="/wiki/siguis#Catalan" title="siguis">siguis</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a> <a href="/wiki/sigui#Catalan" title="sigui">sigui</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a> <a href="/wiki/siguem#Catalan" title="siguem">siguem</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a> <a href="/wiki/sigueu#Catalan" title="sigueu">sigueu</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/no#Catalan" title="no">no</a> <a href="/wiki/siguin#Catalan" title="siguin">siguin</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Etymology 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nominalization of Etymology 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Catalan pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Central Catalan">Central</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">[ˈe.sər]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Catalan pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_Catalan" class="extiw" title="w:Balearic Catalan">Balearic</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <i>unknown</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Catalan_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Catalan pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content qualifier-content"><span class="usage-label-accent"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_language" class="extiw" title="w:Valencian language">Valencia</a></span></span><span class="ib-brac qualifier-brac">)</span> <span class="IPA">[ˈe.ser]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noun">Noun</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="ca">ésser</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-ca p-form-of" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9ssers#Catalan" title="éssers">éssers</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/being" title="being">being</a> <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">a living creature</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9sser_hum%C3%A0#Catalan" title="ésser humà">ésser humà</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%A9sser&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlc.iec.cat/Results?EntradaText=%C3%A9sser&AllInfoMorf=False&OperEntrada=0&OperDef=0&OperEx=0&OperSubEntrada=0&OperAreaTematica=0&InfoMorfType=0&OperCatGram=False&AccentSen=False&CurrentPage=0&refineSearch=0">“ésser”</a> in <i>Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Catalans" class="extiw" title="w:Institut d'Estudis Catalans">Institut d’Estudis Catalans</a>.</li> <li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diccionari.cat/cerca/gran-diccionari-de-la-llengua-catalana?search_api_fulltext_cust=%C3%A9sser">ésser</a>”, in <cite>Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana</cite>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" class="extiw" title="w:Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>, <span class="None" lang="und">2024</span></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avl.gva.es/lexicval/xhtml/dnv.xhtml?paraula=%C3%A9sser">“ésser”</a> in <i>Diccionari normatiu valencià</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Valenciana_de_la_Llengua" class="extiw" title="w:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua">Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcvb.iec.cat/results.asp?Word=%E9sser">“ésser”</a> in <i>Diccionari català-valencià-balear</i>, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ésser&oldid=79674054">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ésser&oldid=79674054</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_terms_derived_from_Proto-Italic" title="Category:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic">Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_terms_derived_from_Proto-Indo-European" title="Category:Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European">Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European</a></li><li><a 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pronunciation">Catalan terms with audio pronunciation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_lemmas" title="Category:Catalan lemmas">Catalan lemmas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_verbs" title="Category:Catalan verbs">Catalan verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_second_conjugation_verbs" title="Category:Catalan second conjugation verbs">Catalan second conjugation verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_irregular_verbs" title="Category:Catalan irregular verbs">Catalan irregular verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_copulative_verbs" title="Category:Catalan copulative verbs">Catalan copulative verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_terms_with_usage_examples" title="Category:Catalan terms with usage examples">Catalan terms with usage examples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_nouns" title="Category:Catalan nouns">Catalan nouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_countable_nouns" title="Category:Catalan 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