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som loopar.","name":"Kan psilocybin hjälpa mot depression?","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces,w_1200/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/13-67-3a3e3cb325f740f294b99c2d633ec5ea","uploadDate":"2024-12-11T12:18:00+02:00","embedUrl":"https://player-v2.yle.fi/test.html#1-72758549"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jSCTnT"><div><div data-testid="video-player" class="sc-kBpWFy XgPqf"></div></div></div></figure></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><div class="sc-ewgYTe flOfjZ"><div class="sc-dnleTR bEwoKt"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-214540/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Mediciner" class="sc-hylbpc cwovoc">Mediciner</a><h1 class="sc-cPoruP ciLToF yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--1">Nästa stora genombrott i depressionsvården?</h1></div></div><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-kLJHhQ jnDFtJ cylEzQ yle__article__paragraph">Det pågår en stor hajp inom forskningen av psykedelisk substans. Forskare ser positiva resultat med det narkotikaklassade preparatet i samband med terapi. </p><div class="sc-csDTBA jNnyVB"><div class="sc-gOvSbZ iNrAcd yle__article__date"><time class="sc-bknTaq guwdcO yle__article__date--published" dateTime="2024-12-14T11:30:16+02:00">11:30</time></div><div class="sc-duWCru cfgfIL"><div class="sc-dwGkES coHaTA"><div class="sc-ePpfBx kNIqFA"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-973" class="sc-txhaY kFFKTn">Catariina Salo</a><span class="sc-txhaY cgUbER">, </span></div><div class="sc-ePpfBx kNIqFA"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-716" class="sc-txhaY kFFKTn">Max Rantakangas</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></header><section class="yle__article__content"><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><aside class="sc-cpjgyG eNFzlV yle__article__aside" aria-label="Faktaruta"><div class="sc-fJAEDJ eazfFw"><div class="sc-cNfTXI kOqirJ"><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Kortversion</h2><div id=":Rd9kq:" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-eouHMD jgnbvR"><div tabindex="-1"><ul class="sc-fEHwak MLgFp yle__article__list yle__article__list--ul"><li class="sc-hRvRfm glrNEo">Depression är en vanlig folksjukdom i Finland och kostar landet 11 miljarder euro årligen.</li><li class="sc-hRvRfm glrNEo">Psilocybin, ett naturligt förekommande ämne i vissa svampar, undersöks som en potentiell behandling mot depression med lovande preliminära resultat.</li><li class="sc-hRvRfm glrNEo">Forskningsstudier visar att psilocybin kan erbjuda snabb och långvarig symtomlindring jämfört med traditionella antidepressiva mediciner.</li><li class="sc-hRvRfm glrNEo">Större studier och godkännande från läkemedelsmyndigheter krävs dock för att psilocybin ska börja användas i traditionell depressionsvård.</li></ul><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Sammanfattningen är gjord med stöd av AI och har granskats av en journalist.</p></div></div><div class="sc-brZXgC jvNkGC"><div><button aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=":Rd9kq:" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna</span><span class="sc-dstKZu sc-dpBQxM eikchD idnWeG yds-button__icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-iBcgGl dBfCZz"><path fill="currentColor" d="M5.293 9.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L12 14.586l5.293-5.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-6-6a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">För tillfället kan man nästan kalla depression för en folksjukdom i Finland. Enligt Mieli, föreningen för psykisk hälsa i Finland, lider var femte finländare någon gång under sitt liv av depression. Hälften av alla våra sjukpensioneringar beror på psykisk ohälsa.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph"><a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-europe-2018_health_glance_eur-2018-en;jsessionid=XbPMT5_i2agMA20dRAikyfMo3a3bTYqXAs_7-E7g.ip-10-240-5-32" role="link">OECD:s rapport</a> visar att depressioner kostar Finland 11 miljarder om året.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Nu finns det flera forskare som hoppas att en fritt växande svamp som innehåller ämnet psilocybin kan vara en möjlig medicin mot folksjukdomen. Psilocybin hör till psykedeliska preparat, dit också till exempel det syntetiska preparatet LSD hör.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Bägge preparaten har länge använts som rekreationella droger, som det gått att få tag på i gatuhandeln eller på svarta marknaden.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><figure class="sc-lgprfV ffPtEe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","video":{"@type":"VideoObject","description":"Det pågår en stor hajp inom psykedeliaforskningen. Forskare ser positiva resultat med det narkotikaklassade preparatet i samband med terapi.","name":"Psykedeliska svampar: Nästa stora genombrott i depressionsvården?","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces,w_1200/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1393882675aa9f0aec15","uploadDate":"2024-12-11T13:36:00+02:00","embedUrl":"https://player-v2.yle.fi/test.html#1-72759846"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-kjghNR dyPcfP fiLKUU"><div><div data-testid="video-player" class="sc-kBpWFy XgPqf"></div></div></div></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">I början av 2000-talet beskrev forskaren <strong class="sc-cUnzlc cwPGGK yle__article__strong">Charles S Grob</strong> psilocybin som <a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/12/science/12psychedelics.html" role="link">en existentiell medicin</a>. Ämnet verkar fungera på ett transcendent plan, alltså bortom sinnevärlden, och verkningarna kan hålla i sig under en lång tid. Den första känslan, den så kallade trippen, håller i sig i några timmar <a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2022/02/psilocybin-treatment-for-major-depression-effective-for-up-to-a-year-for-most-patients-study-shows" role="link">medan förändringarna i nervbanorna</a> ser ut att hålla i sig i månader, upp till ett år.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Psilocybin är ett ämne som naturligt hittas i toppslätskivlingen. Den ger hallucinogena upplevelser som i värsta fall kan vara farliga. Men ämnet i svampen har i kontrollerade former visat sig vara en möjlig hjälp vid depression, addiktioner och ångest.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH hvEOyR"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Toppslätsskivlingen växer i hela landet, men det är olagligt att plocka och använda den.","copyrightHolder":"Wikimedia Commons CC By Arp, Max Rantakangas / Yle","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-139341967596f39443f0","keywords":"Toppslätskivling"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP bWOhpm"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733914511/39-139341967596f39443f0 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733914511/39-139341967596f39443f0 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733914511/39-139341967596f39443f0 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733914511/39-139341967596f39443f0 1x"/><img alt="En bild på toppslätsskivlingen och en karta på förekomsten i Finland." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733914511/39-139341967596f39443f0" class="sc-gbwXoZ gSmBHp"/></picture></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Toppslätsskivlingen växer i hela landet, men det är olagligt att plocka och använda den.</span><span> Bild: Wikimedia Commons CC By Arp, Max Rantakangas / Yle</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Karolinska institutet i Stockholm har nyligen deltagit <a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://ki.se/cns/forskning/centrum-for-psykiatriforskning/johan-lundbergs-forskargrupp/psipet-effekten-av-psilocybin-pa-depressionssymptom-och-synaptisk-densitet" role="link">i en studie</a> där man undersöker effekterna av psilocybin mot depression. I studien har man jämfört effekten hos en dos syntetiskt tillverkad psilocybin tillsammans med psykologiskt stöd och effekten hos en dos placebo tillsammans med psykologiskt stöd.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Patienterna har undersökts före, under och efter behandlingen med psilocybin och placebo. Studien har använt sig av psykiatrisk bedömning, skattningsformulär, magnetkamera, provtagning av blod- och ryggmärgsvätska och positronemissionstomografi.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Vi undersökte hjärnans struktur och försökte mäta mängden kontakter mellan nervceller före behandlingen och en till två veckor efter behandlingen, berättar professor <strong class="sc-cUnzlc cwPGGK yle__article__strong">Johan Lundberg</strong> vid Karolinska Institutet.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Forskarna hoppas kunna bidra till en utveckling av depressionsbehandlingar överlag, men också öka kunskapen om psilocybinbehandling vid vissa specifika former av depression.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Studiens resultat är ännu inte publicerade, men det finns annan forskning som har undersökt liknande saker</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Där har man kunnat se ganska snabb lindring av symtom och den har varit betydligt större än hos den grupp som fått placebo, säger Lundberg.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Fortfarande krävs det större studier för att europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheter skulle godkänna ämnet som en behandling för depression.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Flera, men inte alla, av de studier som gjorts har positiva antydningar om att psilocybin är en god behandling vid depression, säger Lundberg.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH hvEOyR"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Enligt undersökningar kan psilocybin ge snabb lindring för personer med depression, ångest och missbruk.","copyrightHolder":"Max Rantakangas / Yle","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1393441675972d1ac15b","keywords":"depression"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP bWOhpm"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733915393/39-1393441675972d1ac15b 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733915393/39-1393441675972d1ac15b 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733915393/39-1393441675972d1ac15b 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733915393/39-1393441675972d1ac15b 1x"/><img alt="Röntgenbilder av hjärnor med texten depression, ångest och missbruk på varsin hjärnbild." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1919,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733915393/39-1393441675972d1ac15b" class="sc-gbwXoZ gSmBHp"/></picture></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Enligt undersökningar kan psilocybin ge snabb lindring för personer med depression, ångest och missbruk.</span><span> Bild: Max Rantakangas / Yle</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Snabbare än vanliga mediciner</h2></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Kan en liten tablett på 25 milligram förändra våra hjärnor? Det finns studier som menar att enda dos av psilocybin <a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07624-5#Abs1" role="link">förändrar hjärnans struktur på lång sikt</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Forskningschef <strong class="sc-cUnzlc cwPGGK yle__article__strong">Eero Castrén</strong> vid Helsingfors universitet har i mer än 30 år forskat i hur traditionella antidepressiva fungerar i förhållande till hjärnans plasticitet. Plasticitet är hjärnans sätt att anpassa sig till olika situationer och omgivningar.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Castréns team har länge studerat receptorn för en tillväxtfaktor som ökar plasticitet. Man har kommit fram till att depressionsmediciner binder sig svagt till den här receptorn. Nu har man upptäckt att psykedeliska substanser binds hårdare och under en längre tid i samma receptor.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Genom att använda en molekyl som hittas i psykedeliska substanser, bland annat i psilocybin, lyckades man förändra plasticiteten i råttornas hjärnor i upp till en månad.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– En månad i en råttas liv är oerhört länge, säger Castrén.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Forskningsdirektär Eero Castrén vid Helsingfors Universitet vill skapa ett syntetiskt psilocybin som inte ger psykedeliska effekter.","copyrightHolder":"Juha Sarkkinen","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-13928266758278290e0e","keywords":"psilocybin,Helsingfors universitet,Eero Castrén"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jXpUcG"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_426,w_426,x_87,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733830604/39-13928266758278290e0e 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_426,w_426,x_87,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733830604/39-13928266758278290e0e 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_426,w_426,x_87,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_878,w_878/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733830604/39-13928266758278290e0e 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_426,w_426,x_87,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_878,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733830604/39-13928266758278290e0e 1x"/><img alt="En person i ett laboratorium omgivet av flaskor och provrör med blåa korkar." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_360,w_640,x_0,y_16/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733830604/39-13928266758278290e0e" class="sc-gbwXoZ gSmBHp"/></picture></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Forskningsdirektär Eero Castrén vid Helsingfors Universitet vill skapa ett syntetiskt psilocybin som inte ger psykedeliska effekter.</span><span> Bild: Juha Sarkkinen</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Genom att förändra plasticiteten kan man säga att tankebanorna förändras. Terapi och olika depressionsmediciner kan få signalerna i hjärnan att gå i en annan riktning.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Men det tar lång tid.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Nu verkar psilocybinet göra den här förändringen på bara några timmar. Genom att göra en så kallad tripp förändras plasticiteten, vilket gör att banorna i hjärnan uppdateras.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">I en färsk undersökning har man kommit fram till att en enda dos av psilocybin orsakar stora förändringar i funktionell anknytning i hela hjärnan. Funktionell anknytning är ett mått på hur <a class="sc-ajmIN hTRuiZ yle__article__link" href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-psychedelic-drugs-alter-brain" role="link">olika delar av hjärnan korrelerar med varandra</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">I Castréns forskning kommer det fram att psilocybinet påverkar samma receptorer i hjärnan som antidepressiva, men psilocybinet gör det på ett mycket starkare sätt. Det ger en både snabbare och längre effekt på hjärnan.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Psilocybin är inget som ska testas på egen hand. Under kontrollerade former och i samband med terapi har ämnet dock visat sig hjälpa patienter som lider av depression.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","video":{"@type":"VideoObject","name":"Plasticitet","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces,w_1200/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/13-67-96aa3e3b6f8e4e368e762f4e1d2e2758","uploadDate":"2024-12-11T12:33:00+02:00","embedUrl":"https://player-v2.yle.fi/test.html#1-72759397"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jSCTnT"><div><div data-testid="video-player" class="sc-kBpWFy XgPqf"></div></div></div></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Måste en tripp ingå?</h2></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Vid Helsingfors universitet undersöker Eero Castrén nu hur man kunde få fungerande effekter av psilocybinet utan att behöva trippa på ämnet. Det vill säga: utan att behöva uppleva de hallucinogena effekterna av den psykedeliska substansen.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Den övergripande åsikten i forskarkollegiet är för tillfället att den så kallade trippen behövs för att psykedeliska preparat ska hjälpa mot ångest och depression. Castrén tror ändå att det finns en möjlighet att skilja åt trippen och effekterna.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">För tillfället pågår studier om hur små doser av till exempel psilocybin under en längre period också kan påverka hjärnan.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Det finns många olika tankar kring vad mikrodosering är och hurdana mängder det i så fall handlar om. Men vi vet ännu inte vartåt de är på väg, säger Castrén.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><blockquote class="sc-kfblco bFawAw"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--yds-color-text-default, #131415)" stroke="none" height="32" role="img" viewBox="0 0 31 19" width="32"><path d="M0.996094 18.9644L3.29009 0.982422H15.5741L10.3201 18.9644H0.996094ZM15.4261 18.9644L17.7201 0.982422H30.0041L24.7501 18.9644H15.4261Z"></path></svg><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-bmxOz bQGAVS fkncwu">På det viset tänker jag inte att psykedeliska substanser är mirakelmedicin på samma sätt som att aspirin botar huvudvärk</p><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-iunwHu bQGAVS fpFijA">Eero Castrén, Helsingfors Universitet</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Castrén påminner om att när han forskar i råttors hjärnor så kan de inte exakt veta vad i den psykedeliska substansen det är som påverkar hjärnan. Råttor är inte deprimerade som vi människor kan vara och vi vet inte hur de upplever en tripp.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Därför borde vi få möjlighet att testa det här på människor, så vi vet effekterna, säger Castrén.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Samtidigt läggs det hundratals miljoner på forskning för att få ut psilocybin som ett läkemedel på marknaden.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Vi ser en enorm boom i forskningen för tillfället, säger Castrén.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","video":{"@type":"VideoObject","name":"Psykedeliskt","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces,w_1200/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/13-67-f9b9352471714f7fa233bc94a2cfc8cf","uploadDate":"2024-12-11T13:17:00+02:00","embedUrl":"https://player-v2.yle.fi/test.html#1-72759779"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jSCTnT"><div><div data-testid="video-player" class="sc-kBpWFy XgPqf"></div></div></div></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Risker med psykedeliska preparat</h2></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">För att Europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheten ska godkänna syntetiskt psilocybin i vård av depression krävs att stora studier ger positiva effekter. För ett godkännande måste också biverkningarna vara acceptabla i förhållande till risken att ha en depression, och i förhållande till effekterna av andra behandlingar.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><blockquote class="sc-kfblco bFawAw"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--yds-color-text-default, #131415)" stroke="none" height="32" role="img" viewBox="0 0 31 19" width="32"><path d="M0.996094 18.9644L3.29009 0.982422H15.5741L10.3201 18.9644H0.996094ZM15.4261 18.9644L17.7201 0.982422H30.0041L24.7501 18.9644H15.4261Z"></path></svg><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-bmxOz bQGAVS fkncwu">Om det sker i en okontrollerad miljö utanför ett sjukhus finns det risk att en person far illa</p><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-iunwHu bQGAVS fpFijA">Johan Lundberg, Karolinska Institutet</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Det finns redan företag som inlett större studier, men Johan Lundberg vid Karolinska institutet, bedömer att det kan ta flera år innan läkemedelsmyndigheten skulle kunna bedöma dem.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Om de här studierna har positiva effekter är det möjligt att det skulle finnas underlag för ett godkännande, tror han.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Om vi då kollar på riskerna med preparatet, eftersom risker alltid finns, konstaterar Lundberg att det som forskare ofta spekulerat kring är att psilocybinet påverkar medvetandet och omdömet under en kortare period.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Om det sker i en okontrollerad miljö utanför ett sjukhus finns det risk att en person far illa, säger han.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">En annan risk som diskuterats är att psilocybinet skulle vara beroendeframkallande. Den risken bedöms ändå vara ganska låg, har forskare kommit fram till.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><figure class="sc-lgprfV dgXboe yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10068842","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Johan Lundberg vid Karolinska Intitutet säger att det kan ta flera år innan Europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheten kunde godkänna syntetiskt psilocybin som ett läkemedel.","copyrightHolder":"Andreas Andersson/Karolinska Institutet","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-139348267597ffc60d9f","keywords":"Karolinska Institutet,psilocybin,forskare,forskning"}}</script><div class="sc-edsqmr sc-fXwCOG dyPcfP jXpUcG"><div class="sc-NOKRk fKkPC"><div class="sc-kEsJEW dXkhrZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3129,w_3129,x_0,y_546/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733918809/39-139348267597ffc60d9f 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3129,w_3129,x_0,y_546/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_767,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733918809/39-139348267597ffc60d9f 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3129,w_3129,x_0,y_546/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_878,w_878/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733918809/39-139348267597ffc60d9f 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3129,w_3129,x_0,y_546/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_878,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733918809/39-139348267597ffc60d9f 1x"/><img alt="En person som står utomhus mot en bakgrund av stenmurar och bär en ljusblå jacka." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_1760,w_3129,x_0,y_1002/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_493,w_878/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1733918809/39-139348267597ffc60d9f" class="sc-gbwXoZ gSmBHp"/></picture></div><div class="sc-dgjgUn evdZb"><button aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-ixGGxD hockqz dAfWYf"><span class="sc-jwIPbr fZNezJ yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-kJZLhT gUwoWO"><span>Johan Lundberg vid Karolinska Intitutet säger att det kan ta flera år innan Europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheten kunde godkänna syntetiskt psilocybin som ett läkemedel.</span><span> Bild: Andreas Andersson/Karolinska Institutet</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><h2 class="sc-klYcpz hCbVBK yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">En mirakelmedicin?</h2></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Eero Castrén påminner om att det man forskar i nu är hur depression kan medicineras, inte hur en depression uppstår eller kan förhindras.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– På det viset tänker jag inte att psykedeliska preparat är mirakelmedicin på samma sätt som aspirin botar huvudvärk. Mediciner ökar plasticiteten, men vård av depression kräver också arbete och motivation av den som insjuknat, påpekar Castrén.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Johan Lundberg säger att det finns forskare som hoppats på att hitta mirakelmedicinen mot depression redan flera gånger. Han vågar inte tro på att psilocybinet nu skulle vara det som räddar oss.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Ofta ger inledande forskning väldigt positiva resultat, men när man ser på historien brukar de stora förhoppningarna senare mildras.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">– Med det sagt är det väldigt positiva fynd som har presenterats av flera olika grupper i flera olika länder – oberoende av varandra. Det är ändå något som brukar vara positivt, säger Lundberg.</p></div></div><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><p class="sc-hSyjfr sc-fLqhfm bQGAVS hHAXUk yle__article__paragraph">Om det kommer att hålla streck och visa sig vara sant när det hamnar i vanlig sjukvård återstår att se.</p></div></div></section><footer class="yle__article__footer"><div class="sc-dKpdpM jwcish"><div class="sc-flDReH cOxDmd"><div class="sc-ekuolV dwnCYS"><div class="sc-duWCru gXqASn"><h2 class="sc-DvaoS emeAgi yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--3">Gjord av</h2><div class="sc-dwGkES buxaYb"><div class="sc-ePpfBx kNIqFA"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-973" class="sc-txhaY kFFKTn">Catariina Salo</a><span class="sc-txhaY cgUbER">, </span></div><div class="sc-ePpfBx kNIqFA"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-716" class="sc-txhaY kFFKTn">Max Rantakangas</a></div></div></div><div class="sc-jysOWM gBFnME"></div><div><div class="sc-iRVXky fvxffT"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-214540/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Mediciner" class="sc-hylbpc cnTlXx">Mediciner</a><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-214216/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Forskning" class="sc-hylbpc cnTlXx">Forskning</a><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-208800/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Depression" class="sc-hylbpc cnTlXx">Depression</a><div class="sc-ljhlHD iWprtG"><button aria-label="Visa alla ämnen" aria-disabled="false" class="sc-ghWlax sc-khLCKb dxbziA Oeqsd"><span class="sc-dstKZu sc-dpBQxM bijjAX idnWeG yds-button__icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-bAEjGW kBYYQL"><path fill="currentColor" d="M5.293 9.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L12 14.586l5.293-5.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-6-6a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer></article></div></main><div class="GridSystem-sc-613a840-2 iPZOUh"><div 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Forskare ser positiva resultat med det narkotikaklassade preparatet i samband med terapi. 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depression?"}},"id":"1-72758549","image":{"main":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-67-3a3e3cb325f740f294b99c2d633ec5ea","version":1733912467}}}}},{"text":"Det pågår en stor hajp inom forskningen av psykedelisk substans. Forskare ser positiva resultat med det narkotikaklassade preparatet i samband med terapi.","type":"text"},{"context":"ai_summary","behaviour":"collapsed","content":[{"text":"Kortversion","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"items":["Depression är en vanlig folksjukdom i Finland och kostar landet 11 miljarder euro årligen.","Psilocybin, ett naturligt förekommande ämne i vissa svampar, undersöks som en potentiell behandling mot depression med lovande preliminära resultat.","Forskningsstudier visar att psilocybin kan erbjuda snabb och långvarig symtomlindring jämfört med traditionella antidepressiva mediciner.","Större studier och godkännande från läkemedelsmyndigheter krävs dock för att psilocybin ska börja användas i traditionell depressionsvård."],"type":"bullet-list"},{"text":"Sammanfattningen är gjord med stöd av AI och har granskats av en journalist.","type":"text"}],"type":"aside"},{"text":"För tillfället kan man nästan kalla depression för en folksjukdom i Finland. Enligt Mieli, föreningen för psykisk hälsa i Finland, lider var femte finländare någon gång under sitt liv av depression. Hälften av alla våra sjukpensioneringar beror på psykisk ohälsa.","type":"text"},{"text":"[OECD:s rapport](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org\u002Fsocial-issues-migration-health\u002Fhealth-at-a-glance-europe-2018_health_glance_eur-2018-en;jsessionid=XbPMT5_i2agMA20dRAikyfMo3a3bTYqXAs_7-E7g.ip-10-240-5-32) visar att depressioner kostar Finland 11 miljarder om året.","type":"text"},{"text":"Nu finns det flera forskare som hoppas att en fritt växande svamp som innehåller ämnet psilocybin kan vara en möjlig medicin mot folksjukdomen. Psilocybin hör till psykedeliska preparat, dit också till exempel det syntetiska preparatet LSD hör.","type":"text"},{"text":"Bägge preparaten har länge använts som rekreationella droger, som det gått att få tag på i gatuhandeln eller på svarta marknaden.","type":"text"},{"type":"video","id":"1-72759846","programResponse":{"description":{"main":{"swe":"Det pågår en stor hajp inom psykedeliaforskningen. 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Ämnet verkar fungera på ett transcendent plan, alltså bortom sinnevärlden, och verkningarna kan hålla i sig under en lång tid. Den första känslan, den så kallade trippen, håller i sig i några timmar [medan förändringarna i nervbanorna](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org\u002Fnews\u002Fnewsroom\u002Fnews-releases\u002F2022\u002F02\u002Fpsilocybin-treatment-for-major-depression-effective-for-up-to-a-year-for-most-patients-study-shows) ser ut att hålla i sig i månader, upp till ett år.","type":"text"},{"text":"Psilocybin är ett ämne som naturligt hittas i toppslätskivlingen. Den ger hallucinogena upplevelser som i värsta fall kan vara farliga. Men ämnet i svampen har i kontrollerade former visat sig vara en möjlig hjälp vid depression, addiktioner och ångest.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"En bild på toppslätsskivlingen och en karta på förekomsten i Finland.","source":"Wikimedia Commons CC By Arp, Max Rantakangas \u002F Yle","aspect":1.7777777777777777,"caption":"Toppslätsskivlingen växer i hela landet, men det är olagligt att plocka och använda den.","id":"39-139341967596f39443f0","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"En bild på toppslätsskivlingen och en karta på förekomsten i Finland."}],"blurhash":"LDECRmEt0K^B55nT%2S]9Gs=k8V?","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Suippumadonlakki"},{"language":"swe","value":"Toppslätskivling"}],"extId":"18-276294"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Wikimedia Commons CC By Arp, Max Rantakangas \u002F Yle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":1919,"height":1080}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":236,"y":0,"width":717,"height":1080}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":76,"y":0,"width":1080,"height":1080}}],"height":1080,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-11T12:53:45+02:00","modified":"2024-12-11T12:55:15+02:00","version":"1733914511","width":1920,"recommendedFormat":"png"},{"text":"Karolinska institutet i Stockholm har nyligen deltagit [i en studie](https:\u002F\u002Fki.se\u002Fcns\u002Fforskning\u002Fcentrum-for-psykiatriforskning\u002Fjohan-lundbergs-forskargrupp\u002Fpsipet-effekten-av-psilocybin-pa-depressionssymptom-och-synaptisk-densitet) där man undersöker effekterna av psilocybin mot depression. I studien har man jämfört effekten hos en dos syntetiskt tillverkad psilocybin tillsammans med psykologiskt stöd och effekten hos en dos placebo tillsammans med psykologiskt stöd.","type":"text"},{"text":"Patienterna har undersökts före, under och efter behandlingen med psilocybin och placebo. Studien har använt sig av psykiatrisk bedömning, skattningsformulär, magnetkamera, provtagning av blod- och ryggmärgsvätska och positronemissionstomografi.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Vi undersökte hjärnans struktur och försökte mäta mängden kontakter mellan nervceller före behandlingen och en till två veckor efter behandlingen, berättar professor **Johan Lundberg** vid Karolinska Institutet.","type":"text"},{"text":"Forskarna hoppas kunna bidra till en utveckling av depressionsbehandlingar överlag, men också öka kunskapen om psilocybinbehandling vid vissa specifika former av depression.","type":"text"},{"text":"Studiens resultat är ännu inte publicerade, men det finns annan forskning som har undersökt liknande saker","type":"text"},{"text":"– Där har man kunnat se ganska snabb lindring av symtom och den har varit betydligt större än hos den grupp som fått placebo, säger Lundberg.","type":"text"},{"text":"Fortfarande krävs det större studier för att europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheter skulle godkänna ämnet som en behandling för depression.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Flera, men inte alla, av de studier som gjorts har positiva antydningar om att psilocybin är en god behandling vid depression, säger Lundberg.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"Röntgenbilder av hjärnor med texten depression, ångest och missbruk på varsin hjärnbild.","source":"Max Rantakangas \u002F Yle","aspect":1.7777777777777777,"caption":"Enligt undersökningar kan psilocybin ge snabb lindring för personer med depression, ångest och missbruk.","id":"39-1393441675972d1ac15b","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Röntgenbilder av hjärnor med texten depression, ångest och missbruk på varsin hjärnbild."}],"blurhash":"L37dkC+VMmkO%3nnWDbE00Koy4j3","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"masennus"},{"language":"swe","value":"depression"}],"extId":"18-208800"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Max Rantakangas \u002F Yle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":1919,"height":1080}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":720,"height":1080}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":88,"y":0,"width":1080,"height":1080}}],"height":1080,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-11T13:09:05+02:00","modified":"2024-12-11T13:09:58+02:00","version":"1733915393","width":1920,"recommendedFormat":"png"},{"text":"Snabbare än vanliga mediciner","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Kan en liten tablett på 25 milligram förändra våra hjärnor? Det finns studier som menar att enda dos av psilocybin [förändrar hjärnans struktur på lång sikt](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41586-024-07624-5#Abs1).","type":"text"},{"text":"Forskningschef **Eero Castrén** vid Helsingfors universitet har i mer än 30 år forskat i hur traditionella antidepressiva fungerar i förhållande till hjärnans plasticitet. Plasticitet är hjärnans sätt att anpassa sig till olika situationer och omgivningar.","type":"text"},{"text":"Castréns team har länge studerat receptorn för en tillväxtfaktor som ökar plasticitet. Man har kommit fram till att depressionsmediciner binder sig svagt till den här receptorn. Nu har man upptäckt att psykedeliska substanser binds hårdare och under en längre tid i samma receptor.","type":"text"},{"text":"Genom att använda en molekyl som hittas i psykedeliska substanser, bland annat i psilocybin, lyckades man förändra plasticiteten i råttornas hjärnor i upp till en månad.","type":"text"},{"text":"– En månad i en råttas liv är oerhört länge, säger Castrén.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"En person i ett laboratorium omgivet av flaskor och provrör med blåa korkar.","source":"Juha Sarkkinen","aspect":1,"caption":"Forskningsdirektär Eero Castrén vid Helsingfors Universitet vill skapa ett syntetiskt psilocybin som inte ger psykedeliska effekter.","id":"39-13928266758278290e0e","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"En person i ett laboratorium omgivet av flaskor och provrör med blåa korkar."}],"blurhash":"L8IF6?_4FFxH8wivObXA=AIwM{NK","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Psilosybiini"},{"language":"swe","value":"psilocybin"}],"extId":"18-276293"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Helsingin yliopisto"},{"language":"fin","value":"Helsingin yliopisto"},{"language":"swe","value":"Helsingfors universitet"}],"extId":"18-197201"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Eero Castrén"},{"language":"fin","value":"Eero Castrén"},{"language":"swe","value":"Eero Castrén"}],"extId":"18-191709"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Juha Sarkkinen"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":16,"width":640,"height":360}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":155,"y":0,"width":284,"height":426}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":87,"y":0,"width":426,"height":426}}],"height":426,"licence":{"id":"4","name":[{"language":"eng","value":"Other external source"},{"language":"fin","value":"Muu ulkoinen lähde"},{"language":"swe","value":"Annan extern källa"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-10T13:35:30+02:00","modified":"2024-12-10T13:36:48+02:00","version":"1733830604","width":640,"recommendedFormat":"png"},{"text":"Genom att förändra plasticiteten kan man säga att tankebanorna förändras. Terapi och olika depressionsmediciner kan få signalerna i hjärnan att gå i en annan riktning.","type":"text"},{"text":"Men det tar lång tid.","type":"text"},{"text":"Nu verkar psilocybinet göra den här förändringen på bara några timmar. Genom att göra en så kallad tripp förändras plasticiteten, vilket gör att banorna i hjärnan uppdateras.","type":"text"},{"text":"I en färsk undersökning har man kommit fram till att en enda dos av psilocybin orsakar stora förändringar i funktionell anknytning i hela hjärnan. Funktionell anknytning är ett mått på hur [olika delar av hjärnan korrelerar med varandra](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nih.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnih-research-matters\u002Fhow-psychedelic-drugs-alter-brain).","type":"text"},{"text":"I Castréns forskning kommer det fram att psilocybinet påverkar samma receptorer i hjärnan som antidepressiva, men psilocybinet gör det på ett mycket starkare sätt. Det ger en både snabbare och längre effekt på hjärnan.","type":"text"},{"text":"Psilocybin är inget som ska testas på egen hand. Under kontrollerade former och i samband med terapi har ämnet dock visat sig hjälpa patienter som lider av depression.","type":"text"},{"playbackBehaviour":"illustrational","type":"video","id":"1-72759397","programResponse":{"series":{"title":{"main":{"swe":"Yle Nyheter","fin":"Yle Nyheter"},"promotion":{"swe":"Livesändningar och de senaste nyhetsklippen","fin":"Livesändningar och de senaste nyhetsklippen"}},"image":{"cover":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-1-1479474-1703845921305","version":1734197121}},"poster":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-1-1479474-1703845921308","version":1734197121}}}},"publications":[{"tags":["archive","noYleLogo"],"service":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-areena"},"publisher":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-fem"},"startTime":"2024-12-11T12:33:00+02:00","geoRestriction":"None","type":"Publication","id":"4-72759398","kind":"Ondemand","protectionLevel":{"key":"none","type":"ContentProtectionPolicy","id":"22-0"},"media":{"videoTrack":{"aspectRatio":"1:1","type":"VideoTrack","duration":"PT5S"},"downloadable":false,"type":"Video","duration":"PT5S","audioTracks":[{"format":"stereo","type":"AudioTrack","duration":"PT5S","language":"swe"}],"id":"67-96aa3e3b6f8e4e368e762f4e1d2e2758","available":true}}],"title":{"main":{"swe":"Plasticitet"}},"id":"1-72759397","image":{"main":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-67-96aa3e3b6f8e4e368e762f4e1d2e2758","version":1733914895}}}}},{"text":"Måste en tripp ingå?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Vid Helsingfors universitet undersöker Eero Castrén nu hur man kunde få fungerande effekter av psilocybinet utan att behöva trippa på ämnet. Det vill säga: utan att behöva uppleva de hallucinogena effekterna av den psykedeliska substansen.","type":"text"},{"text":"Den övergripande åsikten i forskarkollegiet är för tillfället att den så kallade trippen behövs för att psykedeliska preparat ska hjälpa mot ångest och depression. Castrén tror ändå att det finns en möjlighet att skilja åt trippen och effekterna.","type":"text"},{"text":"För tillfället pågår studier om hur små doser av till exempel psilocybin under en längre period också kan påverka hjärnan.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Det finns många olika tankar kring vad mikrodosering är och hurdana mängder det i så fall handlar om. Men vi vet ännu inte vartåt de är på väg, säger Castrén.","type":"text"},{"style":"short","source":"Eero Castrén, Helsingfors Universitet","text":"På det viset tänker jag inte att psykedeliska substanser är mirakelmedicin på samma sätt som att aspirin botar huvudvärk","type":"quote"},{"text":"Castrén påminner om att när han forskar i råttors hjärnor så kan de inte exakt veta vad i den psykedeliska substansen det är som påverkar hjärnan. Råttor är inte deprimerade som vi människor kan vara och vi vet inte hur de upplever en tripp.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Därför borde vi få möjlighet att testa det här på människor, så vi vet effekterna, säger Castrén.","type":"text"},{"text":"Samtidigt läggs det hundratals miljoner på forskning för att få ut psilocybin som ett läkemedel på marknaden.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Vi ser en enorm boom i forskningen för tillfället, säger Castrén.","type":"text"},{"playbackBehaviour":"illustrational","type":"video","id":"1-72759779","programResponse":{"series":{"title":{"main":{"swe":"Yle Nyheter","fin":"Yle Nyheter"},"promotion":{"swe":"Livesändningar och de senaste nyhetsklippen","fin":"Livesändningar och de senaste nyhetsklippen"}},"image":{"cover":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-1-1479474-1703845921305","version":1734197121}},"poster":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-1-1479474-1703845921308","version":1734197121}}}},"publications":[{"tags":["archive","noYleLogo"],"service":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-areena"},"publisher":{"type":"Service","id":"yle-fem"},"startTime":"2024-12-11T13:17:00+02:00","geoRestriction":"None","type":"Publication","id":"4-72759780","kind":"Ondemand","protectionLevel":{"key":"none","type":"ContentProtectionPolicy","id":"22-0"},"media":{"videoTrack":{"aspectRatio":"1:1","type":"VideoTrack","duration":"PT6S"},"downloadable":false,"type":"Video","duration":"PT6S","audioTracks":[{"format":"stereo","type":"AudioTrack","duration":"PT6S","language":"swe"}],"id":"67-f9b9352471714f7fa233bc94a2cfc8cf","available":true}}],"title":{"main":{"swe":"Psykedeliskt"}},"id":"1-72759779","image":{"main":{"fin":{"type":"Image","id":"13-67-f9b9352471714f7fa233bc94a2cfc8cf","version":1733916071}}}}},{"text":"Risker med psykedeliska preparat","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"För att Europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheten ska godkänna syntetiskt psilocybin i vård av depression krävs att stora studier ger positiva effekter. För ett godkännande måste också biverkningarna vara acceptabla i förhållande till risken att ha en depression, och i förhållande till effekterna av andra behandlingar.","type":"text"},{"style":"short","source":"Johan Lundberg, Karolinska Institutet","text":"Om det sker i en okontrollerad miljö utanför ett sjukhus finns det risk att en person far illa","type":"quote"},{"text":"Det finns redan företag som inlett större studier, men Johan Lundberg vid Karolinska institutet, bedömer att det kan ta flera år innan läkemedelsmyndigheten skulle kunna bedöma dem.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Om de här studierna har positiva effekter är det möjligt att det skulle finnas underlag för ett godkännande, tror han.","type":"text"},{"text":"Om vi då kollar på riskerna med preparatet, eftersom risker alltid finns, konstaterar Lundberg att det som forskare ofta spekulerat kring är att psilocybinet påverkar medvetandet och omdömet under en kortare period.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Om det sker i en okontrollerad miljö utanför ett sjukhus finns det risk att en person far illa, säger han.","type":"text"},{"text":"En annan risk som diskuterats är att psilocybinet skulle vara beroendeframkallande. Den risken bedöms ändå vara ganska låg, har forskare kommit fram till.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","alt":"En person som står utomhus mot en bakgrund av stenmurar och bär en ljusblå jacka.","source":"Andreas Andersson\u002FKarolinska Institutet","aspect":1,"caption":"Johan Lundberg vid Karolinska Intitutet säger att det kan ta flera år innan Europeiska läkemedelsmyndigheten kunde godkänna syntetiskt psilocybin som ett läkemedel.","id":"39-139348267597ffc60d9f","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"En person som står utomhus mot en bakgrund av stenmurar och bär en ljusblå jacka."}],"blurhash":"LSF?qkfmNFRky@s+E1R*p{RkM|WC","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Karolinska Institute"},{"language":"fin","value":"Karoliininen instituutti"},{"language":"swe","value":"Karolinska Institutet"}],"extId":"18-148512"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Psilosybiini"},{"language":"swe","value":"psilocybin"}],"extId":"18-276293"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"tutkijat"},{"language":"swe","value":"forskare"}],"extId":"18-208265"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"research"},{"language":"fin","value":"tutkimus"},{"language":"swe","value":"forskning"}],"extId":"18-214216"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Andreas Andersson\u002FKarolinska Institutet"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":1002,"width":3129,"height":1760}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":97,"width":3129,"height":4681}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":546,"width":3129,"height":3129}}],"height":4864,"licence":{"id":"4","name":[{"language":"eng","value":"Other external source"},{"language":"fin","value":"Muu ulkoinen lähde"},{"language":"swe","value":"Annan extern källa"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-12-11T14:05:16+02:00","modified":"2024-12-11T14:06:54+02:00","version":"1733918809","width":3129,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"En mirakelmedicin?","level":2,"type":"heading"},{"text":"Eero Castrén påminner om att det man forskar i nu är hur depression kan medicineras, inte hur en depression uppstår eller kan förhindras.","type":"text"},{"text":"– På det viset tänker jag inte att psykedeliska preparat är mirakelmedicin på samma sätt som aspirin botar huvudvärk. Mediciner ökar plasticiteten, men vård av depression kräver också arbete och motivation av den som insjuknat, påpekar Castrén.","type":"text"},{"text":"Johan Lundberg säger att det finns forskare som hoppats på att hitta mirakelmedicinen mot depression redan flera gånger. Han vågar inte tro på att psilocybinet nu skulle vara det som räddar oss.","type":"text"},{"text":"Ofta ger inledande forskning väldigt positiva resultat, men när man ser på historien brukar de stora förhoppningarna senare mildras.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Med det sagt är det väldigt positiva fynd som har presenterats av flera olika grupper i flera olika länder – oberoende av varandra. Det är ändå något som brukar vara positivt, säger Lundberg.","type":"text"},{"text":"Om det kommer att hålla streck och visa sig vara sant när det hamnar i vanlig sjukvård återstår att se.","type":"text"}],"subjects":[{"description":{"fi":"aine","sv":"materia","en":"","ru":null,"se":null},"exactMatch":["wikidata:Q12140","finto:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.yso.fi\u002Fonto\u002Fkoko\u002Fp34822","freebase:\u002Fm\u002F018l35","leiki:focus100k_na_28915"],"updated":"2023-01-27T13:49:25+02:00","alternativeIds":["18-37105","18-31","18-209549","18-25740","18-131378","18-211900"],"title":{"fi":"lääkkeet","sv":"mediciner","en":"medicines","ru":null,"se":null},"types":["MainConcept","Concept"],"id":"18-214540","contentHits":7838},{"description":{"fi":"tutkimustoiminta","sv":"forskningsverksamhet","en":"research work","ru":null,"se":null},"exactMatch":["leiki:focus100k_na_4048","freebase:\u002Fm\u002F06cs1","wikidata:Q42240","finto:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.yso.fi\u002Fonto\u002Fkoko\u002Fp36376"],"updated":"2024-08-26T13:50:21+03:00","alternativeIds":["18-146495","18-204805","18-211346","18-22691","18-369","18-37453"],"title":{"fi":"tutkimus","sv":"forskning","en":"research","ru":null,"se":null},"types":["MainConcept","Concept"],"id":"18-214216","contentHits":14577},{"description":{"fi":"mielenterveyshäiriöt, tunne-elämän häiriöt","sv":"mentala störningar, störningar i känslolivet","en":null,"ru":null,"se":null},"exactMatch":["finto:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.yso.fi\u002Fonto\u002Fkoko\u002Fp9038","leiki:focus100k_na_10371","wikidata:Q42844","finto:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.yso.fi\u002Fonto\u002Fkoko\u002Fp59774","freebase:\u002Fm\u002F02bft","freebase:\u002Fm\u002F03f_cb","wikidata:Q4340209"],"updated":"2019-10-28T14:33:10+02:00","alternativeIds":["18-216832","18-78033","18-256648","18-261512","18-1347","18-18038","18-216859","18-41693"],"title":{"fi":"masennus","sv":"depression","en":null,"ru":null,"se":null},"types":["Concept"],"id":"18-208800","contentHits":2648},{"description":{"fi":"Tiede tarkoittaa todellisuuden ilmiöiden ja niiden välisten suhteiden järjestelmällistä ja arvostelevaa tutkimista sekä sen avulla saatua tietojen jäsentynyttä kokonaisuutta.","sv":"Vetenskap är ett system av vetenskapliga metoder och teorier som används för att producera ny kunskap. 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Tohtoreita Helsingin yliopistosta valmistuu vuosittain noin 450.\nYliopiston toimintaa on 1990-luvulta lähtien keskitetty neljälle kampukselle: keskustaan, Kumpulaan, Meilahteen ja Viikkiin. Lisäksi yliopistoon kuuluu useita tutkimuslaitoksia ja yksiköitä ympäri maan.\nKansainvälisessä Shanghain yliopistovertailussa Helsingin yliopisto sijoittui vuonna 2015 sijalle 67, mikä on kuusi sijaa parempi kuin edellisenä vuonna. Times Higher Education -luokituksessa Helsingin yliopisto ylsi vuonna 2016 Euroopan 28. parhaaksi yliopistoksi.","sv":"Helsingfors universitet (finska: Helsingin yliopisto), tidigare Kungliga Akademien i Åbo, Kejserliga Akademien i Åbo och Kejserliga Alexanders Universitetet i Finland, är med drygt 38 000 studerande det största universitetet i Finland.\nHelsingfors universitet har ett högt anseende internationellt. I 2014-15 blev universitetet rankat som det 73:e bästa, 103:e bästa, och 67:e bästa universitet i världen.\nUniversitetet är tvåspråkigt, men större delen av kurserna ges på finska. Av de studerande är 6,5 procent svenskspråkiga. För den svenska undervisningen skall det enligt lag finnas minst 27 professorstjänster vid Helsingfors universitet. För vissa ämnen finns kvoter för svenskspråkiga studerande. 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Asutus eli asuttaminen tarkoittaa myös uuden asutuksen perustamista; jonkin ryhmän siirtymistä asumaan uusille alueille. Asutukseen yleensä liittyy asumusten eli asuinrakennusten rakentaminen, niiden ympäristöön kehittyvä asumiseen käytetty tila sekä laajempi asuinalue.\nNykyisin Suomessa asutuksia jaetaan asukas- tai rakennustiheyden perusteella taajamiin ja haja-asutukseen.\nAsutushistoria tutkii entisinä aikoina tapahtunutta asutusta ja asuttamista.","sv":"Ett samhälle är i geografi en plats eller område där flera människor varaktigt har sin bostad, eller bedriver annan verksamhet.\nEtt samhälle är ur strikt geografisk synvinkel en geografisk plats där människor valt att leva under samhälleliga former under en längre tid. Platsen bär synliga och permanenta spår av samhällsbildningen i form av hus och andra byggnader där människor lever och vistas. \nEtt nomadsamhälle som periodvis flyttar till olika platser kan inte räknas som ett samhälle ur geografisk synvinkel eftersom de normalt inte lämnar permanenta spår i geografin. Nomadsamhällen som regelbundet återkommer till samma plats utgör gränsfall.\nI dagligt tal används flera benämningar för att beskriva ett samhälle. 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Ne toimivat hermovälittäjäaineiden tapaan ja aktivoivat hermosolujen pinnalla olevia reseptoreja.\nTunnetuimpia psykedeelejä ovat esimerkiksi LSD, psilosiini, meskaliini, LSA ja DMT. Useimpien psykedeelien käyttö on kiellettyä suuressa osassa maailmaa, pois lukien luvanvarainen käyttö esimerkiksi uskonnollisissa seremonioissa, terapiassa tai tieteellisessä tutkimuksessa. Lääketieteessä psykedeelejä on käytetty esimerkiksi riippuvuuksien hoitokeinona.\nPsykedeelit määritellään farmakologisesti usein osaksi laajempaa hallusinogeenien ryhmää, johon kuuluvat myös dissosiatiivit ja deliriantit.","sv":"Psykedelia (även psykedelika) är ett samlingsnamn för en stor grupp psykoaktiva droger med liknande effekter. Här ingår LSD, psilocybin och meskalin, tillsammans med en stor mängd andra växter och kemikalier, till exempel cannabis, DMT och 2C-B. \nAlla psykedeliska upplevelser har inte alltid att göra med hallucinationer. Ordet hallucinogen är därför ofta inte adekvat för att beskriva effekterna av vissa psykedeliska droger då hallucinationer inte alltid är en effekt, vad som istället kan upplevas är ofta att sinnesintrycken kraftigt förstärks. Förstärkta sinnesintryck kan ge upphov till hallucinationer när hjärnan försöker tolka en större mängd information som vi inte är vana vid, hjärnan använder sig då av referenser bland minnen och föreställningar för att ge tydlighet åt det du upplever. Förstärka sinnesintryck kan innebära att man under en viss tid ser, hör, känner och luktar bättre och exempelvis så kan man uppfatta färger starkare än vanligt och synskärpan kan ökas drastiskt. 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