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id="toc-Teoria_terenului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatură</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antoine Béchamp</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 19 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="أنطوان بيشامب – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنطوان بيشامب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="انطوان بيشامب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انطوان بيشامب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آنتوان بشان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنتوان بشان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آنتوان بشان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتوان بشان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3" title="アントワーヌ・ベシャン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アントワーヌ・ベシャン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antoine Béchamp" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бешам, Антуан – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бешам, Антуан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81127#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&oldid=15612889" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&id=15612889&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntoine_B%25C3%25A9champ"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAntoine_B%25C3%25A9champ"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Antoine+B%C3%A9champ"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81127" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Antoine Béchamp</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Antoine_Bechamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Antoine_Bechamp.jpg/220px-Antoine_Bechamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Antoine_Bechamp.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1816-10-16"><a href="/wiki/16_octombrie" title="16 octombrie">16 octombrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a></time><sup id="cite_ref-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-b7aa8202187ddb223ad4228b110f5602_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b7aa8202187ddb223ad4228b110f5602-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassing — pagină inexistentă">Bassing</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21630" class="extiw" title="d:Q21630"><span title="Bassing la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Meurthe_(departament)" title="Meurthe (departament)">Meurthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1908-04-15"><a href="/wiki/15_aprilie" title="15 aprilie">15 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a></time> (91 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-e0c1374ef9870a51ea878f2516986915_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e0c1374ef9870a51ea878f2516986915-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e792491b40c0b79a00b4c8e53f799168_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e792491b40c0b79a00b4c8e53f799168-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-0e23d32861283276c79cd3b17ad0d0eb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0e23d32861283276c79cd3b17ad0d0eb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Biolog" title="Biolog">biolog</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">limba franceză</a><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Activitate</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Strasbourg" title="Universitatea din Strasbourg">Universitatea din Strasbourg</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20808141" class="extiw" title="d:Q20808141"><span lang="fr">université de Strasbourg</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">université de Strasbourg</span> (French university (1538-1970))|]]</span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P69" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Organizație</th><td colspan="1" class="org" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Montpellier" title="Universitatea din Montpellier">Universitatea din Montpellier</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P108" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855271" class="extiw" title="d:Q10855271">Cavaler al Ordinului Național al Legiunii de Onoare</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaler_al_Ordinului_Na%C8%9Bional_al_Legiunii_de_Onoare_(primul_grad_din_cele_cinci_grade_ale_Legiunii_de_Onoare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavaler al Ordinului Național al Legiunii de Onoare (primul grad din cele cinci grade ale Legiunii de Onoare) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127#P166" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81127" class="extiw" title="d:Q81127">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Biografie" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16861271">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Pierre Jacques Antoine Béchamp</b> (n. <time datetime="1816-10-16"><a href="/wiki/16_octombrie" title="16 octombrie">16 octombrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a></time>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassing — pagină inexistentă">Bassing</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21630" class="extiw" title="d:Q21630"><span title="Bassing la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Meurthe_(departament)" title="Meurthe (departament)">Meurthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> – d. <time datetime="1908-04-15"><a href="/wiki/15_aprilie" title="15 aprilie">15 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>) a fost un om de știință francez cunoscut pentru descoperirile sale în <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organic%C4%83" title="Chimie organică">chimia organică</a> <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">aplicată</a> și pentru rivalitatea sa cu <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Béchamp a dezvoltat reductia Béchamp, o metodă ieftină de producere a <a href="/wiki/Anilin%C4%83" title="Anilină">coloranților cu anilină</a>, permițându-i lui <a href="/wiki/Henry_Perkin" title="Henry Perkin">William Henry Perkin</a> să lanseze industria <a href="/wiki/Colorant" title="Colorant">coloranților sintetici.</a> Béchamp a sintetizat, de asemenea, primul medicament organic pe bază de arsenic, acidul arsanilic, din care <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> a sintetizat mai târziu <a href="/wiki/Salvarsan" title="Salvarsan">salvarsanul</a>, primul medicament chimioterapeutic. </p><p>Rivalitatea lui Bechamp cu Pasteur a fost inițial legată de atribuirea <a href="/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație">fermentației</a> la microorganisme, mai târziu a continuat cu atribuirea îmbolnăvirii viermilor de mătase din cauza microorganismelor și în cele din urmă a culminat după ce Bechamp a contestat validitatea teoriei germenilor bolii.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Béchamp a susținut că a descoperit că „granulațiile moleculare” din fluidele biologice erau de fapt unitățile elementare ale originii vieții. El le-a numit <i>microzime</i> – adică „<a href="/wiki/Enzim%C4%83" title="Enzimă">enzime</a> minuscule” – și a considerat că acestea produc atât enzime, cât și celule în timp ce „evoluează” în condiții favorabile în organisme multicelulare. Béchamp a negat, de asemenea, că bacteriile ar putea invada un animal sănătos și ar putea provoca boli, susținând în schimb că condițiile nefavorabile ale gazdei și de mediu destabilizează microzimele native ale gazdei și descompun țesutul gazdei prin producerea de bacterii patogene. </p><p>În timp ce teoria celulară și teoria germenilor au fost acceptată pe scară largă, teoria granulațiilor moleculare au fost respinse de consensul științific actual. Versiunea lui Béchamp, <i>teoria microzimiană</i>, a fost reținută de grupuri mici, în special în <a href="/wiki/Medicin%C4%83_complementar%C4%83_%C8%99i_alternativ%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicină complementară și alternativă">medicina alternativă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Munca sa de a înțelege modul în care „terenul” poate afecta boala ar putea avea implicații în cercetarea <a href="/wiki/Microbiot%C4%83" title="Microbiotă">emergentă a microbiomului.</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viața_timpurie,_familie_și_educație"><span id="Via.C8.9Ba_timpurie.2C_familie_.C8.99i_educa.C8.9Bie"></span>Viața timpurie, familie și educație</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Viața timpurie, familie și educație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Viața timpurie, familie și educație"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Béchamp s-a născut în Bassing, Franța în 1816, ca fiul unui morar. A locuit în <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>, între 7 și 18 ani, cu un unchi care lucra în biroul ambasadorului Franței. A fost educat la <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Strasbourg" title="Universitatea din Strasbourg">Universitatea din Strasbourg</a>, a obținut titlul de doctor în științe în 1853 și doctor în medicină în 1856 și a condus o farmacie în oraș. În 1854 a fost numit profesor de chimie la Universitatea din Strasbourg, post ocupat anterior de Louis Pasteur.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carieră"><span id="Carier.C4.83"></span>Carieră</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Carieră" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Carieră"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În 1856, după ce a primit diploma de medicină, Béchamp a ocupat un post la <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Montpellier" title="Universitatea din Montpellier">Universitatea din Montpellier</a>, unde a rămas până în 1876, când a fost numit decan al Facultății Catolice de Medicină al <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Lille" title="Universitatea din Lille">Universității din Lille</a>. Perioada lui Béchamp la Lille a fost una furtunoasă, deoarece disputa sa cu Pasteur a dus la eforturi pentru ca opera sa să fie plasată în <i><a href="/wiki/Index_librorum_prohibitorum" title="Index librorum prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i> (indexul cărților interzise de <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Catolic%C4%83" title="Biserica Catolică">Biserica Catolică</a>). Béchamp s-a retras din acest conflict în 1886, a condus pentru scurt timp o farmacie împreună cu fiul său și, în cele din urmă, s-a mutat la Paris, unde i s-a oferit un mic laborator la <a href="/wiki/Sorbona" title="Sorbona">Sorbona</a>. Unul dintre studenții săi a fost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Galippe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Galippe — pagină inexistentă">Victor Galippe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30318412" class="extiw" title="d:Q30318412"><span title="Victor Galippe la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, un medic care a studiat microorganismele din plante și rolul lor în sănătatea umană. A murit la vârsta de 91 de ani, opera sa dispărând într-o obscuritate științifică, în timp ce versiunea lui Pasteur a teoriei germenilor a devenit dominantă.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un scurt <a href="/wiki/Necrolog" title="Necrolog">necrolog</a> din <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Medical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Medical Journal — pagină inexistentă">British Medical Journal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546003" class="extiw" title="d:Q546003"><span title="British Medical Journal la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i> a remarcat că numele lui Béchamp a fost „asociat cu controverse trecute cu privire la priorități pe care ar fi inutil să le amintim”.<sup id="cite_ref-bmj-obit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj-obit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În zilele noastre, munca lui Béchamp continuă să fie promovată de un mic grup de <a href="/wiki/Medicin%C4%83_complementar%C4%83_%C8%99i_alternativ%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicină complementară și alternativă">susținători ai medicinei alternative</a> (cunoscuți și sub denumirea de negaționiști ai teoriei germenilor), inclusiv susținătorii teoriilor alternative ale cancerului,<sup id="cite_ref-hess_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hess-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care resping teoria germenilor a lui Pasteur și susțin că ideile lui Béchamp au fost ignorate pe nedrept.<sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manchester-2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceștia îl acuză pe Pasteur, precum și <a href="/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be" title="Academia Franceză de Științe">Academia Franceză de Științe</a>, că au plagiat și apoi au suprimat opera lui Béchamp, citând lucrări precum cea a lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Douglas_Hume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethel Douglas Hume — pagină inexistentă">Ethel Douglas Hume</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86987983" class="extiw" title="d:Q86987983"><span title="Ethel Douglas Hume la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> <i>Béchamp or Pasteur: A Lost Chapter in the History of Biology</i> din anii 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-hess_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hess-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teoria_terenului">Teoria terenului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Teoria terenului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Teoria terenului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bechamp a crezut că boala se produce într-o mare măsură ca o funcție a biologiei și ca urmare a schimbărilor care au loc atunci când procesele metabolice devin dezechilibrate (teoria terenului, a corpului uman). Germenii invadează și populează terenul ducând la apariția dezechilibrului, care în cele din urmă culminează în boală. Un teren slab este în mod natural mai vulnerabil la amenințările externe, deci trebuie să fie construit prin hrănire, detoxifiere și prin menținerea unui pH corect sau a unui echilibru acid/alcalin. Orice microb din exterior când vine în contact cu corpul uman nu găsește mediu favorabil pentru a se dezvolta și a aduce grave consecințe sănătății – instalând starea de boală. În concluzie, nutriția, detoxificarea și modul de gândire ar fi factori cheie în prevenirea și eliminarea bolilor.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatură"><span id="Literatur.C4.83"></span>Literatură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Literatură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Literatură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Buiuc, D.; Pânzaru, C. (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). „Antoine Béchamp and Victor Cornil Memento for Romanian pharmacy, chemistry and medicine”. <i>Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi</i> (în Romanian). <b>112</b> (2): 560–566. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295038">19295038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+medico-chirurgicala+a+Societatii+de+Medici+si+Naturalisti+din+Iasi&rft.atitle=Antoine+B%C3%A9champ+and+Victor+Cornil+Memento+for+Romanian+pharmacy%2C+chemistry+and+medicine&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=560-566&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19295038&rft.aulast=Buiuc&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=P%C3%A2nzaru%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Limb%C4%83_nerecunoscut%C4%83" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pleomorfism (microbiologie)</li> <li>Teoria terenului</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-89d7102ce81c6beb3ab813db7d8611d3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/biographies/"><i>Pierre Jean Antoine Bechamp</i></a>, <span lang="fr">Base biographique</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pierre+Jean+Antoine+Bechamp&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22%3EBase+biographique%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biusante.parisdescartes.fr%2Fhistoire%2Fbiographies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b7aa8202187ddb223ad4228b110f5602-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b7aa8202187ddb223ad4228b110f5602_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/"><i>Pierre Jacques Antoine Bechamp</i></a>, Baza de date Léonore<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pierre+Jacques+Antoine+Bechamp&rft.pub=Baza+de+date+L%C3%A9onore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e0c1374ef9870a51ea878f2516986915-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e0c1374ef9870a51ea878f2516986915_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ac-sciences-lettres-montpellier.fr/"><i>Antoine Bechamp [2]</i></a>, <span lang="fr">ac-sciences-lettres-montpellier.fr</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antoine+Bechamp+%5B2%5D&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22%3Eac-sciences-lettres-montpellier.fr%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ac-sciences-lettres-montpellier.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/"><i>Autoritatea BnF</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2015-10-10">10 octombrie 2015</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autoritatea+BnF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.bnf.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e792491b40c0b79a00b4c8e53f799168-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e792491b40c0b79a00b4c8e53f799168_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alsace-histoire.org/dictionnaire-biographie-alsacienne/"><i>BECHAMP Antoine, Pierre, Jacques</i></a>, <span lang="fr">Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BECHAMP+Antoine%2C+Pierre%2C+Jacques&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22fr%22%3ENouveau+dictionnaire+de+biographie+alsacienne%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alsace-histoire.org%2Fdictionnaire-biographie-alsacienne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0e23d32861283276c79cd3b17ad0d0eb-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0e23d32861283276c79cd3b17ad0d0eb_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/"><i>Antoine Béchamp</i></a>, SNAC<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antoine+B%C3%A9champ&rft.pub=SNAC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnaccooperative.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manchester-2001-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2001_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Manchester KL (iunie 2001). „Antoine Béchamp: père de la biologie. Oui ou non?”. <i>Endeavour</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 68–73. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0160-9327%2800%2901361-2">10.1016/S0160-9327(00)01361-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11484677">11484677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endeavour&rft.atitle=Antoine+B%C3%A9champ%3A+p%C3%A8re+de+la+biologie.+Oui+ou+non%3F&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=68-73&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0160-9327%2800%2901361-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11484677&rft.au=Manchester+KL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manchester-2007-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester-2007_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Manchester KL (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532007000500008">„Louis Pasteur, fermentation, and a rival”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Journal_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Journal of Science — pagină inexistentă">South African Journal of Science</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2491968" class="extiw" title="d:Q2491968"><span title="South African Journal of Science la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>103</b> (9–10). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-2353">0038-2353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3ASouth+African+Journal+of+Science%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22South+African+Journal+of+Science+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.atitle=Louis+Pasteur%2C+fermentation%2C+and+a+rival&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=9%26ndash%3B10&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0038-2353&rft.au=Manchester+KL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0038-23532007000500008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pontin, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/the-19th-century-crank-who-tried-to-tell-us-about-the-microbiome/">„The 19th-Century Crank Who Tried to Tell Us About the Microbiome”</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Wired<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-07-13">13 iulie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+19th-Century+Crank+Who+Tried+to+Tell+Us+About+the+Microbiome&rft.aulast=Pontin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fthe-19th-century-crank-who-tried-to-tell-us-about-the-microbiome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmj-obit-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bmj-obit_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2436492">„Obituary: Professor Bechamp”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Medical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Medical Journal — pagină inexistentă">British Medical Journal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546003" class="extiw" title="d:Q546003"><span title="British Medical Journal la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></i>. <b>1</b> (2471): 1150. <time datetime="1908">1908</time>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.2471.1150-b">10.1136/bmj.1.2471.1150-b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2436492">2436492</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3ABritish+Medical+Journal%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22British+Medical+Journal+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Professor+Bechamp&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2471&rft.pages=1150&rft.date=1908&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2436492&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.2471.1150-b&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2436492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hess-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hess_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hess_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hess, David J. (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KojMTlCdYCUC&pg=PA76"><i>Can bacteria cause cancer?: alternative medicine confronts big science</i></a>. NYU Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-8147-3561-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-8147-3561-4">0-8147-3561-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can+bacteria+cause+cancer%3F%3A+alternative+medicine+confronts+big+science&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8147-3561-4&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKojMTlCdYCUC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homeopatie.md/boala-teoria-germenilor-vs-teoria-terenului/">„De ce se instalează boala: teoria germenilor versus teoria terenului”</a>. Homeopatie.md. <time datetime="2021-07-20">20 iulie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-01-24">24 ianuarie 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+ce+se+instaleaz%C4%83+boala%3A+teoria+germenilor+versus+teoria+terenului.&rft.pub=Homeopatie.md&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomeopatie.md%2Fboala-teoria-germenilor-vs-teoria-terenului%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AAntoine+B%C3%A9champ" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_B%C3%A9champ&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adistantmirror.com/antoine-bechamp/">Despre Antoine Bechamp și Pleomorphism (A Distant Mirror, editorul cărților Bechamp)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adistantmirror.com/bechamp-or-pasteur/">Bechamp sau Pasteur?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adistantmirror.com/bechamp-or-pasteur/">(Carte de E. Hume)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adistantmirror.com/bechamp-the-blood-and-its-third-element/">Sângele și al treilea element al său (carte de Antoine Bechamp)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/reactions/bechamp.htm">Béchamp Sinteza acizilor arilarsenoși parasubstituiți și transformarea nitroaromaticilor în aminoaromatici</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008190715/http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/reactions/bechamp.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-10-08">8 octombrie 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124597964">cb124597964</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124597964">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117579505">117579505</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000006649581X">0000 0000 6649 581X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83301268">n83301268</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The Léonore id LH//159/66 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002152416&CON_LNG=ENG">ola2002152416</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6n01xc6">w6n01xc6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033765111">033765111</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59181906">59181906</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/59181906">59181906</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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