CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T3KLDF7');</script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/022812f4-959c-461b-bfd1-6370c0a1b159/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="022812f4-959c-461b-bfd1-6370c0a1b159" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { function parseOTGroupIDs(ids) { var parsed_ids = ids.split(','); return parsed_ids.filter(Boolean); } var active_group_ids = parseOTGroupIDs(OnetrustActiveGroups); var all_group_ids = []; var all_group_objects = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(Optanon.GetDomainData().Groups)); for(var i = 0; i < all_group_objects.length; i++) { var group_id = all_group_objects[i]['CustomGroupId']; if(active_group_ids.indexOf(group_id) === -1 && all_group_objects[i]['Cookies'].length) { for(var j = 0; j < all_group_objects[i]['Cookies'].length; j++) { eraseCookie(all_group_objects[i]['Cookies'][j]['Name']); } } } //Delete cookie function eraseCookie(name) { var domains = [window.location.hostname]; if(domains.indexOf('fpf.org') === -1) { domains.push('fpf.org'); } for(var i = 0; i < domains.length; i++) { eraseCookieForDomain(name, domains[i]); } //Delete LSO incase LSO being used, cna be commented out. localStorage.removeItem(name); } //Delete cookie for a specific domain function eraseCookieForDomain(name, domainName) { document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=/;Domain=' + domainName; document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=/;'; //Check for the current path of the page pathArray = window.location.pathname.split('/'); //Loop through path hierarchy and delete potential cookies at each path. for (var i = 0; i < pathArray.length; i++) { if (pathArray[i]) { //Build the path string from the Path Array e.g /site/login var currentPath = pathArray.slice(0, i + 1).join('/'); document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=' + currentPath + ';Domain=' + domainName; document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=' + currentPath + ';'; //Maybe path has a trailing slash! document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=' + currentPath + '/;Domain=' + domainName; document.cookie = name + '=; Max-Age=-99999999; Path=' + currentPath + '/;'; } } } } </script>  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" > <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: Amendments to APPI</title> <meta name="dc.title" content="A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: Amendments to APPI"> <meta name="dc.description" content="The recent amendments to Japan’s data protection law (the 'APPI') contain a number of new provisions certain to alter – and for many foreign businesses, transform – the ways in which companies conduct business in or with Japan."> <meta name="dc.relation" content="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/"> <meta name="dc.source" content="https://fpf.org/"> <meta name="dc.language" content="en_US"> <meta name="description" content="The recent amendments to Japan’s data protection law (the 'APPI') contain a number of new provisions certain to alter – and for many foreign businesses, transform – the ways in which companies conduct business in or with Japan."> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Future of Privacy Forum"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/FutureofPrivacy"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/FutureofPrivacy"> <meta property="article:section" content="Blog"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Global"> <meta property="og:title" content="A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: Amendments to APPI"> <meta property="og:description" content="The recent amendments to Japan’s data protection law (the 'APPI') contain a number of new provisions certain to alter – and for many foreign businesses, transform – the ways in which companies conduct business in or with Japan."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1920"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1440"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="mount fuji 3801827 1920"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@futureofprivacy"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@futureofprivacy"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: Amendments to APPI"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The recent amendments to Japan’s data protection law (the 'APPI') contain a number of new provisions certain to alter – and for many foreign businesses, transform – the ways in which companies conduct business in or with Japan."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1024x768.jpg"> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"AnalysisNewsArticle","headline":"A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: 2020 Amendments to APPI","datePublished":"2021-04-13T16:42:49-04:00","dateModified":"2021-04-13T16:42:53-04:00","description":"The recent amendments to Japan\u2019s data protection law contain a number of new provisions certain to alter \u2013 and for many foreign businesses, transform \u2013 the ways in which companies…","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/mount-fuji-3801827_1920.jpg","height":"768","width":"1024"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/blog\/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi\/"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Dr. Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna","url":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/author\/gzanfir-fortuna\/"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Future of Privacy Forum","url":"https:\/\/fpf.org","alternateName":"Future of Privacy Forum","description":"Future of Privacy Forum","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/live-future-of-privacy-forum.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Logo_Standard.svg","height":"62","width":"190"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FutureofPrivacy","https:\/\/twitter.com\/@futureofprivacy","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/futureofprivacy","https:\/\/youtube.com\/@FutureofPrivacy","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/the-future-of-privacy-forum\/"],"contactPoint":[{"@type":"ContactPoint","contactType":"customer support"}]}}</script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf__page-blocks__styles-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/page-blocks.css?ver=1731942028' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf__page-blocks__styles__reset-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/page-blocks.reset.css?ver=1731942028' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf__page-blocks__styles__system-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/page-blocks.system.css?ver=1731942028' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='cb-carousel-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-slide{overflow:hidden;padding-left:7.5px;padding-right:7.5px}.wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-dots li button:not(:hover):not(:active),.wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-next:not(:hover):not(:active),.wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-prev:not(:hover):not(:active){background-color:transparent}.wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-next:before,.wp-block-cb-carousel .slick-prev:before{color:#000}.wp-block-cb-carousel.alignfull .slick-next,.wp-block-cb-carousel.alignfull .slick-prev{z-index:1}.wp-block-cb-carousel.alignfull .slick-prev{left:25px}.wp-block-cb-carousel.alignfull .slick-next{right:25px}.wp-block-cb-carousel .wp-block-cover,.wp-block-cb-carousel .wp-block-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-cb-carousel .wp-block-cover.aligncenter,.wp-block-cb-carousel .wp-block-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}.is-layout-flex .wp-block-cb-carousel{width:100%} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-training-faculty-member-style-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/fpf-training-faculty-member/block.css?ver=1731942028' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-video-link-style-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/fpf-video-link/block.css?ver=1731942028' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wpseopress-local-business-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> span.wp-block-wpseopress-local-business-field{margin-right:8px} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-cyan: #00B8FC;--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-blue: #004A8B;--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-black: #231F24;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--fpf-base: 'Proxima Nova', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 980px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 980px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 0; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 0; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 0;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 0;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fpf-base);margin: 0;padding: 0;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-blue);text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-cyan);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-cyan) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-blue) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-black) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-cyan) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-blue) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-black) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-cyan) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-blue) !important;}.has-fpf-brand-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--fpf-brand-black) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-fpf-base-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fpf-base) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :root :where(p){line-height: 150%;} :root :where(.wp-block-list){line-height: 162.50%;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='pb-accordion-blocks-style-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/accordion-blocks/build/index.css?ver=1.5.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='typekit-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/kxf6fpd.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-add-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/css/addition/addition.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-pop-up-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fancyapps/fancybox@3.5.7/dist/jquery.fancybox.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-font-icon-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.2/css/all.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-costume-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/css/style.css?ver=6.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fpf-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/style.css?ver=1.8.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-forms-css' href='https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/searchwp/assets/css/frontend/search-forms.css?ver=4.3.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/assets/js/fpf-auto-submit.js?ver=6.6.2" id="fpf-auto-submit-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="fpf-authored-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fap_data = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/assets/js/fpf-authored-posts.js?ver=6.6.2" id="fpf-authored-posts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/page-blocks/fpf-training-faculty-member/block.js?ver=1731942028" id="fpf-training-faculty-member-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/assets/js/fpf-facet-labels.js?ver=6.6.2" id="facet-labels-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/fancyapps/fancybox@3.5.7/dist/jquery.fancybox.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="jquery-pop-up-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://fpf.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://fpf.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/90581" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://fpf.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://fpf.org/?p=90581' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://fpf.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffpf.org%2Fblog%2Fa-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://fpf.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffpf.org%2Fblog%2Fa-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi%2F&format=xml" /> <style id='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:"Proxima Nova";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Regular.woff') format('woff');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:"Proxima Nova";font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Medium.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Medium.woff') format('woff');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:"Proxima Nova";font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Bold.woff') format('woff');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:"Proxima Nova";font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/fonts/ProximaNova-Bold.woff') format('woff');font-stretch:normal;} </style> <style id="uagb-style-conditional-extension">@media (min-width: 1025px){body .uag-hide-desktop.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-desktop{display:none !important}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){body .uag-hide-tab.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-tab{display:none !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){body .uag-hide-mob.uagb-google-map__wrap,body .uag-hide-mob{display:none !important}}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/favicon.ico" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/favicon.ico" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/favicon.ico" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* Auto avatar for staff pages */ a.team__img.ibg, .portrait.basic-content__img.ibg { background-image: url(https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/img-avatar-2.svg); } p { margin: 10px 0; } .footer__social .instagram a::before { content: "\f16d"; } /* Homepage hero @media (max-width: 992px){ .featured-content__wrap::before { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,1) !important; } } */ /* Member Portal nav link */ .header__menu { width:100%; } .member-portal a:before { font-family:"Font Awesome 5 Free"; font-size:12px; content:"\f023"; margin-right:5px; } ul#menu-utility { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; } ul#menu-utility > li { white-space:nowrap; } @media screen and (max-width: 640px) { ul#menu-utility > li { margin-bottom:15px; } } /* FPF events styles */ .event-headline a { color:#000 !important; font-size:22px; } .event-categories a { margin:15px 15px 0 0; color:#004a8b; text-decoration:underline; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1px; font-weight:600; font-size:15px; } button.filter-reset { background-color:#01b8fc; color:#fff; padding:13px 30px; margin-top:40px; border:0; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:1px; } button.filter-reset:hover { color:#004a8b; } .event-past { font-size:12px; font-weight:800; text-transform:uppercase; background-color:#939598; padding:4px 6px; letter-spacing:1px; color:#fff; margin-right:10px; } .event-upcoming { font-size:12px; font-weight:800; text-transform:uppercase; background-color:#01b8fc; padding:4px 6px; letter-spacing:1px; color:#fff; margin-right:10px; } .facetwp-radio { font-weight:800; background-image:none !important; background:none; padding:5px 0 5px 5px !important; letter-spacing:1px; } .facetwp-radio.checked { padding-left:0; margin:0; padding:6px 4px; background-color:#01b8fc; color:#004a8b; } .event-listing-thumb { width:200px; height:200px; background-size:cover; float:right; margin-left:30px; } a div.navbutttons { color:#fff; text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:1px; padding:10px 40px; margin-right:20px; } a div.navbutttons:hover { background-color:#000 !important; } a.navlink, a.navlink:hover {text-decoration:none;} .content-basic ul {line-height:1.5;} a.navlink, a.navlink:hover {border:0;} .page-template-page-fpf-events .facet-label {display:none;} @media screen and (max-width:480px) { .event-listing-thumb { display:none; } a div.navbutttons { font-size:12px; padding:5px 10px; margin-right:10px; } } h2.gform_submission_error { font-weight: normal!important; font-size: 1em!important; line-height: initial!important; text-transform: initial!important; padding: initial!important; margin: initial!important; } .sidebar .facet-wrap .facet-label { display: none; } .sidebar .facetwp-toggle { color: #fff; } .wp-block-image figcaption { text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; } .single-post .content-basic p { margin-bottom:16px; margin-top:0; padding: 0; } .single-post .basic-content .wp-block-image { padding-top:unset; margin:0; } .facetwp-load-more, .main-btn, #gform_submit_button_2, #gform_submit_button_1 { display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #01b8fc !important; background-color: transparent !important; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 18px 21px; border: 2px solid #01b8fc; -webkit-transition: 0.3s; -o-transition: 0.3s; transition: 0.3s; cursor: pointer; -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; text-decoration: none !important; } /* Header fixes */ .header .sub-menu { z-index:10; } /* Old content repsonsive fix */ .content-sidebar .content-left .aligncenter { width:100% !important; } .wp-block-image .aligncenter { text-align:center; } /* Training button hover and tag display fix */ .content-event a.has-cyan-background-color:hover { background-color:#004a8b; color:#fff; } .single-uddf-event .event-categories a { color:#fff; opacity:.75; } /* Form fixes */ .subscribe-form #gform_submit_button_1 { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; font-weight: 700; padding: 0 43px; letter-spacing: 1px; border: 4px solid #fff; cursor: pointer; -webkit-transition: 0.3s; -o-transition: 0.3s; transition: 0.3s; margin: 0 !important; -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 0 55px 0 43px !important; color:#fff !important; } .subscribe-form #gform_submit_button_1:hover { background-color: #fff !important; color: #01b8fc !important; } /* Home page promo block updates */ .home .featured-content .container-fluid { max-width:unset; } .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item h1 { line-height:1; } .home .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item p { max-width:500px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; } .home .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item p, .latest-blogs__text p { line-height:1.4; } @media (max-width: 992px) { .home .featured-content .featured-content__wrap::before { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.9); } } @media (max-width: 960px) { .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item h1 { font-size:50px; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item h1 { font-size:35px; } .home .featured-content .container-fluid .featured-content__item p { font-size:16px; } } .content-left { max-width: 100%; } .centered-group { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; } /* Fix for Author Details not fitting in box */ .single-post .fpf-authors .author__name { font-size: 16px; } .single-post .fpf-authors .author__links a { font-size: 10px; line-height: unset; } .single-post .fpf-authors .author__job-title { font-size: 12px; } .single-post .fpf-authors .author__img { flex: 0 0 30%; padding-bottom: 30%; } .single-post .fpf-authors .author__wrap { padding: 20px; } #schedule span.reg-button { display: block; } /* Fix for faculty bios showing borders beneath links */ .content-basic .fpf__block__training-faculty-profile a { border-bottom: none; } /* Extending accordion CSS to all pages */ .c-accordion__title:after { color:#004a8b; font-size:50px; border-left:2px solid #004a8b; padding:15px 0 15px 30px; } .is-open>.c-accordion__title:after { content:"\00D7"; } .c-accordion__content {padding-top:20px} .wp-block-pb-accordion-item { background-color:#f8f8f9; padding:30px; margin-bottom:10px; } .wp-block-pb-accordion-item h2 { font-size:26px !important; line-height:30px; text-transform:none; font-weight:normal !important; color:#004a8b; padding-right:70px; } @media screen and (max-width:760px) { .wp-block-pb-accordion-item h2 { font-size:20px !important; } .wp-block-pb-accordion-item { padding:20px; } .c-accordion__title:after { font-size:30px; border-left:1px solid #004a8b; } } .spotlight__colum--post.resource .spotlight__img { background-size: contain; background-position: top; padding-bottom: 35%; } .wp-block-group.subscribe-form { max-width: 90%; } .press-releases-most-recent { display: flex; gap: 20px; } .press-releases-most-recent a.press-release.item { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; color: black; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: none; } .press-releases-most-recent a.press-release.item:hover { color: #004a8b; } .press-releases-most-recent a.press-release.item:hover .read-more { color: black; text-decoration: none; } .press-releases-most-recent a.press-release.item .read-more { display: block; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: underline; margin-top: 12px; } .content-basic a.main-btn { border-bottom: 2px solid #01b8fc; } @media (max-width: 900px) { .press-releases-most-recent { flex-direction: column; } } .wp-container-core-group-layout-1.wp-container-core-group-layout-1 > .fpf-attribution.contact-sidebar { margin-left: 20px !important; } /* Updated the Twitter social media icon in the footer */ .x-twitter { padding-top: 3px; } .x-twitter a svg { height: 19px; } /* Adjusted max width for author inserts on blog posts */ .fpf-authors { max-width: 40%; } @media (max-width: 600px) { .fpf-authors { max-width: 100%; } } ol.wp-block-footnotes { font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important; line-height: 1.5; list-style: numeral; } /* Override to force the slideshow arrows to always show */ .fpf-featured-posts-block .splide__arrows { opacity: 1; } .social-icons .twitter::before { content: "" !important; } /****************************** * Training Program landing page * styles added by Aaron Bolton on * behalf of Incite Creative, Inc. * * aaron@incitecreativeinc.com * * Dated edited: 05/06/2014 * ****************************/ .training-h2, .training-h2 *{ font-size: 47px; } .training-blue-bg{ background-color: #01b8fc; } .training-light-gray-bg{ background-color: #f0f0f0; } .training-ul{ list-style: none !important; } .training-ul li{ background-image: url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/blue-chevron.png'); background-size: 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: left 5px; padding-left: 20px; } .training-testimonials .uagb-tm__desc{ background-image: url('https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/green-quote-left.png'); background-size: 32px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: top center; padding-top: 40px; } .training-testimonials.quote-left .uagb-tm__desc{ background-position: top left; } .max-width-1600{ max-width: 1600px; } /****************************** * End Training Program styles. * ****************************/ .scrollable-in-mobile { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; } body.parent-pageid-239391 .page-content, body.parent-pageid-241801 .page-content{ max-width: 100%; padding: 0; } body.parent-pageid-239391 .title-page, body.parent-pageid-241801 .title-page, body.page-id-240364 .title-page, body.page-id-239391 .title-page { display: none; } @media (max-width: 800px) { .page-id-239391 .spectra-image-gallery__media.spectra-image-gallery__media--carousel img { height: 100px; width: auto; margin: 0 auto; } } /* * The eventbrite registration button colors was being overridden by UAGB block CSS. */ .eventbrite-content button { background-color: #004a8b!important; color: #ffffff!important; border: 1px solid #004a8b!important; } .eventbrite-content button:hover { background-color: white!important; color: #004a8b!important; } /* sponsorship form */ body.page-id-237386 .gform_wrapper { width: 90%; max-width: 900px; } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-90581 single-format-standard">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T3KLDF7" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header class="header"> <div class="container header__container"> <div class="header__logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/img/logo.svg" alt="FPF"> </a> </div> <div class="header__menu"> <div class="header__menu--top" data-da="header__menu--main,0,640"> <ul id="menu-utility" class="header__menu--top-list"><li id="menu-item-201310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-201310"><a href="https://fpf.org/media/">Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14"><a href="/fpf-events/upcoming/">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-215714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-215714"><a href="/training">Training</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-241922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-241922"><a href="/training">FPF Training Program</a></li> <li id="menu-item-241814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-241814"><a href="/training-private">Private Trainings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-241815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-241815"><a href="/training/faculty">FPF Training Faculty</a></li> <li id="menu-item-242907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-242907"><a href="https://fpf.org/fpf-training-program-2024-faqs/">FPF Training Program FAQs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-127207" class="member-portal menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-127207"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://engage.fpf.org/home">FPF Portal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15"><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16" class="search menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-16"><a href="/?s=" data-src="#search">Search</a></li> </ul> </div> <nav class="header__menu--main"> <ul id="menu-primary" class="header__menu--main-list"><li id="menu-item-17" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-17"><a href="/about">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-58430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-58430"><a href="https://fpf.org/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-58625"><a href="https://fpf.org/about/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-525" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-525"><a href="/about/the-team">Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-239940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-239940"><a href="/membership/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-237594" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-237594"><a href="https://fpf.org/sponsorship-offerings-at-fpf/">Sponsorships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-58488"><a href="https://fpf.org/about/career-opportunities/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-241792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-241792"><a href="https://fpf.org/global/">Global</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-18" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18"><a href="/cornerstone-issues">Issues</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-57523" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-57523"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/ad-tech-guidance/">Ad Tech</a></li> <li id="menu-item-56080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-56080"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/ai-ml/">Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-240410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-240410"><a href="/global/asia-pacific/">Asia-Pacific</a></li> <li id="menu-item-526" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-526"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/biometrics/">Biometrics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-240985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-240985"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58489" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-58489"><a href="/global/europe">Europe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57527" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-57527"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/health-data/">Health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-181740" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-181740"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/immersive-technologies/">Immersive Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57529" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-57529"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/mobility-location/">Mobility & Location</a></li> <li id="menu-item-233337" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-233337"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/open-banking/">Open Banking</a></li> <li id="menu-item-241665" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-241665"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/privacy-enhancing-technologies/">Privacy Enhancing Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125570" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125570"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/research-and-ethics/">Research & Ethics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-126938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-126938"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/us-legislation/">U.S. Legislation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57525" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-issue menu-item-57525"><a href="https://fpf.org/issue/education/">Youth & Education Privacy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-58478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-58478"><a href="https://fpf.org/./blog/">Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19"><a href="/resources">Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-236462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-236462"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/">Membership</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-236467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-236467"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/become-a-member/">Become a Member</a></li> <li id="menu-item-236466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-236466"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/our-members/">Our Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-236465" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-236465"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-236464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-236464"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/annual-meeting/">Annual Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-236463" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-236463"><a href="https://fpf.org/membership/member-portal/">Member Portal</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21" class="cta-active menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21"><a href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="burder__menu"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> </div> </div> </header><main class="main"> <div class="title-page"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="title-page__title"> A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: 2020 Amendments to the APPI </h1> </div> </div> <div class="basic-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="content-basic content-sidebar"> <div class="content-left"> <div class="sidebar__btn"><a href="">FILTER <i class="fas fa-bars"></i><i class="fas fa-times"></i></a></div> <div class="single-header__date"> April 13, 2021 </div> <div class="social-media-shares social-icons"> <a target="_blank" class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffpf.org%2Fblog%2Fa-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi%2F"> Share on Facebook </a> <a target="_blank" class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffpf.org%2Fblog%2Fa-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi%2F&title=A+New+Era+for+Japanese+Data+Protection%3A+2020+Amendments+to+the+APPI&summary=The+recent+amendments+to+Japan%E2%80%99s+data+protection+law+contain+a+number+of+new+provisions+certain+to+alter+%E2%80%93+and+for+many+foreign+businesses%2C+transform+%E2%80%93+the+ways+in+which+companies+conduct+business+in+or+with+Japan.+&source=https://fpf.org"> Share on LinkedIn </a> <a target="_blank" class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=A+New+Era+for+Japanese+Data+Protection%3A+2020+Amendments+to+the+APPI&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffpf.org%2Fblog%2Fa-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi%2F"> Share on Twitter </a>  <a target="_blank" class="email" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#56692523343c3335226b177d1833217d1324377d3039247d1c372637383325337d123722377d062439223335223f39387365177d646664667d173b3338323b333822257d22397d223e337d1706061f70373b266d3439322f6b3e2222262573651773641073641030263078392431736410343a3931736410377b3833217b3324377b3039247b3c372637383325337b323722377b262439223335223f39387b646664667b373b3338323b333822257b22397b223e337b3726263f736410"> Share through Email </a> </div> <div class="fpf-authors"> <div class="author"> <div class="author__wrap"> <div class="author__img ibg" style=""></div> <div class="author__body"> <div class="author__name">FPF Staff</div> <div class="author__job-title"></div> <div class="author__links"> <div class="author__about-link"> <a href="https://fpf.org/person/fpf-staff/">About FPF</a> </div> <div class="author__blog-link"><a href="https://fpf.org/person/fpf-staff/#blog">Blogs by FPF</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1024x768.jpg" alt="mount fuji 3801827 1920" class="wp-image-90614" srcset="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-300x225.jpg 300w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-768x576.jpg 768w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <p><strong><em>Authors: Takeshige Sugimoto, Akihiro Kawashima, Tobyn Aaron from <a href="https://en.sandkbrussels.com/">S&K Brussels LPC</a>; Authors can be contacted at <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6410050f01170c0d03014a1711030d090b100b2417050a000f06161117170108174a070b09" target="_blank"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="7b0f1a101e0813121c1e55080e1c1216140f143b081a151f1019090e08081e170855181416">[email protected]</span></a></em></strong>.</p> <p>The recent amendments to Japan’s data protection law (the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, henceforth the <strong>‘APPI</strong>‘) contain a number of new provisions certain to alter – and for many foreign businesses, transform – the ways in which companies conduct business in or with Japan. In addition to greatly expanding data subject rights, most notably, the amendments to the APPI (the <strong>‘2020 Amendments</strong>‘): </p> <p>(i) eliminate all former restrictions on the APPI’s extraterritorial application; </p> <p>(ii) considerably heighten companies’ disclosure and due diligence obligations with respect to overseas data transfers; </p> <p>(iii) introduce previously unregulated categories of personal information (each with corresponding obligations for companies), including ‘pseudonymously processed information’ and ‘personally referable information’; and </p> <p>(iv) for the first time, mandate notifications for qualifying data breaches.</p> <p>The 2020 Amendments will be enforced by the Personal Information Protection Commission of Japan (the “PPC”), pursuant to forthcoming PPC guidelines alongside the amended Enforcement Rules for the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (the ‘<strong>amended PPC Rules</strong>‘) and the amended Cabinet Order to Enforce the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (the ‘<strong>amended Cabinet Order</strong>‘) (both published on March 24, 2021).</p> <p><strong>As the 2020 Amendments are set to enter into force on April 1, 2022</strong>, Japanese and global companies that conduct business in or with Japan, have just less than one year to bring their operations into compliance. To facilitate such efforts, this blog post describes those provisions of the 2020 Amendments likely to have the greatest impact on businesses, as well as current events in Japan which will affect their implementation and should inform the manner by which companies address enforcement risks and compliance priorities.</p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>1.</strong> <strong>LINE Data Transfers to China: A Wake-Up Call for Japan</strong></p> <p>To appreciate the effect that the 2020 Amendments will have on the Japanese data protection space, one must first consider the current political and societal contexts in Japan in which the 2020 Amendments will be introduced – and enforced – beginning with a recent incident of note involving LINE Corporation. </p> <p><strong>In March 2021, headlines across Japan shocked locals: Japan-based messaging app LINE</strong>, actively used and trusted by approximately 86 million Japanese citizens, had been transferring users’ personal information, including names, IDs and phone numbers, to a Chinese affiliate. It is neither unusual nor unlawful for Japanese tech companies to outsource certain of their operations, including personal information processing, overseas. But for Japanese nationals, the LINE matter is different for a number of important reasons, not least of which is the Japanese population’s awareness of the Chinese Government’s broad access rights to personal data managed by private-sector companies in China, pursuant to China’s National Intelligence Law.</p> <p>LINE is not only the most utilized messaging application in Japan; it also occupies a special place in the country’s historical and cultural consciousness. When Japan was hit by the 2011 earthquake, use of voice networks failed and email exchanges were delayed, as citizens struggled to communicate with, and confirm the safety of, their loved ones. And so, LINE was born – a simple messaging and online calling tool to serve as a communications hotline in case of emergency. A decade on, LINE has become the major – and for many the only – means of communication in Japan – particularly in today’s socially-distanced world. </p> <p>For the Japanese Government too, LINE serves a crucial role: national – and municipality – level government bodies use LINE for official communications, including of sensitive personal information such as for COVID-19 health data surveying. News of LINE’s transfer of user data to China, including potential access by the Chinese Government, therefore horrified private citizens and public officials both.</p> <p>On March 31, 2021, the PPC launched an official investigation into LINE and its parent company, Z Holdings, over their management of personal information. Until such investigation is concluded, whether and to what extent LINE violated the APPI (and in particular, its provisions governing third party access and international transfers) will remain uncertain. Regardless, the impact of this matter on the Japanese data privacy space is already unfolding. In late March, a number of high-ranking Japanese politicians (including Mr. Akira Amari, Chairperson of the Rule-Making Strategy Representative Coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan) sent the PPC and other relevant Government ministries strongly-worded messages urging immediate action with respect to LINE, and more broadly, calling for a risk assessment to be conducted vis-à-vis <em>all</em> personal information transfers to China by companies in Japan.</p> <p>Several days later, Japanese media reported that the PPC had requested members of both the KEIDANREN (the Japan Business Federation, comprised of 1,444 representative companies in Japan) and the Japan Association of New Economy (comprised of 534 member companies in Japan), to report their personal information transfer practices involving China, and to detail the privacy protection measures in place with respect to such transfers. For any APPI violations revealed, the PPC will issue a recommendation potentially followed with an injunctive order, the latter of which carries a criminal penalty (including possible imprisonment) if not implemented.</p> <p><strong>Importantly, recent political support for stronger data protection measures extends beyond transfers to China.</strong> For instance, Mr. Amari has also reportedly called on the PPC to broadly limit permissible overseas transfers of personal information to those countries with data protection standards equivalent to the APPI (a limitation which, if implemented, would greatly surpass restrictions on transfer under both the current APPI and the 2020 Amendments). </p> <p>Although the PPC has yet to respond, it is evident that both political and popular sentiment in Japan strongly favor enhanced protections for Japanese persons’ personal information. The inevitable outcome of such sentiment, which may be further amplified depending on the PPC’s forthcoming conclusions regarding the LINE matter,<strong> </strong>will be the increasingly stringent enforcement of the APPI and its 2020 Amendments, and potentially, further amendments thereto. As recent events in Japan demonstrate, this transformation has already begun to take effect. Companies conducting business in or with Japan, whether Japanese or foreign, should therefore pay close attention to the Japanese data privacy space over the course of this year.</p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Broadened Extraterritorial Reach and International Transfer Restrictions</strong></p> <p>For ‘Personal Information Handling Business Operators’ (henceforth ‘<strong>Operators</strong>‘, a term used in joint reference to controllers and processors, upon which the APPI imposes the same obligations) arguably the greatest impact of the 2020 Amendments will derive from their drastic revisions to Article 75 (extraterritoriality) and Article 24 (international transfer). </p> <p>To date, the APPI’s extraterritorial reach has been limited to a handful of its articles, primarily those governing purpose limitation and lawful acquisition of personal information (‘<strong>PI</strong>‘) by overseas Operators. From April 2022, however, Article 75 of the amended APPI will, without exception, fully bind<em> all </em>private-sector overseas entities, regardless of their size, which process the PI, pseudonymously processed PI or anonymously processed PI of individuals who are in Japan, in connection with supplying goods or services thereto.</p> <p><strong>With respect to international transfers, Article 24 of the current legislation prohibits the transfer of PI to a ‘third party’ outside of Japan</strong> absent the data subject’s prior consent, unless (i) the recipient country has been white-listed by the PPC or (ii) the recipient third party upholds data protection standards equivalent to the APPI (in practice, these would generally be imposed contractually). Otherwise, international transfers may also be conducted pursuant to legal obligation or necessity (for the protection of human life, public interest or governmental cooperation, provided that for each, the data subject’s consent would be difficult to obtain). The APPI’s international transfer mechanisms generally conform to those prescribed by other global data protection regimes, loosely resembling the EU GDPR’s adequacy decisions (with respect to (i) above), and standard contractual clauses or binding corporate rules (with respect to (ii) above, although there are no PPC-provided contractual clauses, and non-binding arrangements such as the APEC CPBR System are PPC-approved).</p> <p><strong>The 2020 Amendments and amended PPC Rules do not modify the above transfer mechanisms, but they do narrow their scope in two key aspects.</strong> First, pursuant to Article 24(2) of the 2020 Amendments, transfers conducted on the basis of data subject consent will henceforth require the transferring Operator (on top of preexisting notification obligations) to inform the data subject in advance as to the name of the recipient country, and the levels of PI protection provided by both that country (assessed using an “<strong>appropriate and reasonable method</strong>”)<em> and </em>the<em> </em>recipient third party. Absent such information, data subject consent will be rendered uninformed and the transfer, invalid.</p> <p>Of greater impact on the transferring Operator, however, will be the second modification (pursuant to Article 24(3) of the 2020 Amendments): in the event that an international transfer is conducted in reliance on contractually or otherwise imposed APPI data protection standards (the primary transfer mechanism on which Operators in Japan rely), such contractual safeguards alone are to be rendered insufficient. Going forward, the transferring Operator must, in addition to imposing APPI-equivalent obligations upon a recipient third party, (i) take “<strong>necessary action to ensure continuous implementation</strong>” of such obligations by the recipient; and (ii) inform the data subject, upon request, regarding the actions the Operator has taken.</p> <p>With respect to (i) above, the amended PPC Rules interpret “necessary action to ensure continuous implementation” as requiring the transferring Operator to: (1) periodically check the implementation status and content of the APPI-equivalent measures by the recipient third party, and assess (by an “appropriate and reasonable method”) the existence of any foreign laws which might impact such implementation; (2) take necessary and appropriate actions to remedy any obstacles that are found; and (3) suspend all PI transfer to the third-party recipient, should its continuous implementation of the APPI-equivalent measures become difficult.</p> <p>In addition, following receipt of a data subject’s request for information (pursuant to (ii) above), the amended PPC Rules specify that the transferring Operator must, without undue delay, inform the requesting data subject of each of the following:</p> <p><em>(1)</em>  <em>the manner by which the APPI-equivalent measures were established by (or presumably with) the recipient third party (such as a data processing agreement or memorandum of understanding, or in the case of inter-group transfers, a privacy policy);</em></p> <p><em>(2)</em>  <em>details of the APPI-equivalent measures implemented by the recipient third party;</em></p> <p><em>(3)</em>  <em>the frequency and method by which the transferring Operator checked such implementation;</em></p> <p><em>(4)</em>  <em>the name of the recipient country;</em></p> <p><em>(5)</em>  <em>whether any foreign laws may affect the implementation of the APPI-equivalent measures, and a detailed overview of such laws;</em></p> <p><em>(6)</em>  <em>whether any obstacles to implementation exist, and a detailed overview of such obstacles; and</em></p> <p><em>(7)</em>  <em>the measures taken by the transferring Operator upon a finding of such obstacles.</em></p> <p>Only if provision of the above items to the data subject is likely to ‘significantly hinder’ an Operator’s business operations, might that Operator refrain from such (complete or partial) disclosure.</p> <p><strong>In practice, Operators primarily rely upon contractual safeguards and consent (in that order) to transfer PI outside of Japan.</strong> Indeed, the PPC’s list of “adequacy decisions” on which transferring Operators may alternatively rely is significantly shorter than that of the European Commission: <strong>to date, only the UK and EEA members have been deemed adequate recipients of a PI transfer from Japan.</strong> Therefore, the onerous informational and due diligence obligations incumbent upon Operators from April 2022, which affect precisely these two transfer mechanisms, are certain to impact business operations in Japan. And, given the 2020 Amendments’ unbridled extraterritoriality, this burden will be equally felt overseas. Most importantly, in the wake of the March 2021 LINE matter, compliance with the current and amended APPI, and in particular its overseas transfers restrictions, will be at the top of the PPC’s enforcement priorities.</p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Mandatory Data Breach Notifications</strong></p> <p>In addition to expanding the types of security incidents subject to the amended APPI, more notably, data breach notifications will henceforth be mandatory (in contrast, data breach notifications are subject to ‘best efforts’ under current legislation). Going forward, Operators will be required – pursuant to Article 22-2 of the 2020 Amendments and the amended PPC Rules – to promptly notify both the PPC and data subjects of the occurrence and/or potential occurrence of any data leakage, loss, damage or other similar situation which poses a ‘high’ risk to the rights and interests of data subjects (henceforth, a ‘<strong>breach</strong>‘).</p> <p>The types of breaches which meet this ‘high’ risk threshold, and thus trigger a notification obligation, are described by the amended PPC Rules as those which involve, or potentially involve, any of the following: (i) sensitive (‘special care-required’) PI; (ii) financial injury caused by unauthorized usage; (iii) a wrongful purpose(s) as the cause; or (iv) greater than 1,000 affected data subjects. However, a notification is not required in the event that the Operator implemented ‘necessary measures’ to safeguard the rights and interests of data subjects (such as sophisticated encryption).</p> <p>The amended PPC Rules also stipulate the required content for such notifications, although Operators are granted thirty days to provide details unknown at the time of the initial notice:</p> <p><em>(1) overview of the breach;</em></p> <p><em>(2) the types of PI affected or possibly affected by the breach;</em></p> <p><em>(3) the number of data subjects affected or possibly affected by the breach;</em></p> <p><em>(4) causes of the breach;</em></p> <p><em>(5) existence and nature of secondary damage or risks thereof;</em></p> <p><em>(6) status and nature of communications to affected data subjects;</em></p> <p><em>(7) whether and how the breach has been publicized;</em></p> <p><em>(8) measures implemented to prevent a recurrence; and</em></p> <p><em>(9) any additional matters which may serve as a useful reference.</em></p> <p>For those Operators ‘<strong>entrusted</strong>‘ by another Operator with the processing of PI, the 2020 Amendments provide a second option: in lieu of notifying the PPC and data subjects, such “entrusted” Operators may instead alert the “entrusting” Operator as to the breach. In practice, this likely equates to the EU GDPR’s requirement for processors to notify controllers in the event of a breach (although under the 2020 Amendments, direct accountability to the PPC and data subjects is still the default, including for “entrusted” Operators).</p> <p>In the event of a breach, amended Article 30(5) additionally confers upon data subjects the right to request deletion, suspension of use and suspension of transfer, of affected PI.</p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>4.</strong> <strong>Expansion of ‘Personal Information’ Concepts and Categories</strong></p> <p><strong>Another major modification to the APPI is the expanded scope of the types of PI covered.</strong> In addition to eliminating the APPI’s differential treatment of temporary PI (retained for up to six months), the 2020 Amendments introduce a new category of information, ‘<strong>pseudonymously processed information</strong>‘, thereby bringing the Japanese data protection regime one additional step closer to the EU GDPR framework.</p> <p>As currently drafted, the APPI recognizes only two major types of information: PI and anonymously processed information. Notably, the method of rendering anonymously processed information under the APPI – in contrast to the EU GDPR– need not be technically irreversible (unless such data originates in the UK or EEA and the transfer is based on the European Commission’s adequacy decision on Japan, in which case special PPC-drafted Supplementary Rules do require irreversibility); instead, the APPI endeavors to preserve anonymity by requiring Operators to implement appropriate security measures to prevent reidentification.</p> <p>Pseudonymously processed information is defined by the 2020 Amendments as information relating to an individual, which cannot identify such individual unless collated with additional information. The stated intention behind the drafters’ introduction of the pseudonymization process is to enable Operators to (i) utilize pseudonymously processed information for internal purposes including business analytics, the development of computational models, etc., and/or (ii) retain rather than delete, for potential future statistical analysis usage, pseudonymously processed information derived from PI which are no longer necessary for the original purpose(s) for which they were collected.</p> <p>The 2020 Amendments and amended PPC Rules model the pseudonymization process on anonymization, requiring the removal of any (i) description, (ii) unique ‘personal identification code’ (as defined in the APPI), and (iii) information relating to the processing method performed to enable the removal of (i) and (ii) above. The immediate result is the creation, by separation, of two types of information: pseudonymously processed information and ‘removed’ PI, where the latter is the ‘key’ enabling reidentification.</p> <p>The removed PI are treated as PI under the 2020 Amendments, and as such are subject to all of the same requirements and restrictions, although Operators in possession of both removed PI and pseudonymously processed information are additionally obligated to provide enhanced security in order to safeguard the integrity of the pseudonymously processed information (pursuant to the amended PPC Rules and amended Article 35-2(2)).</p> <p>Notably, and in divergence from the EU GDPR approach to pseudonymously processed information, the 2020 Amendments’ rules governing treatment of such information vary according to the Operator involved. With respect to pseudonymously processed information handled by an Operator in simultaneous possession of the removed (and separately handled) PI, amended Article 35-2 stipulates the following specific requirements:</p> <p>(i)         a prohibition of the collation of such information with other data, such as the removed PI, in a manner which could identify data subjects;</p> <p>(ii)       strict application of the principles of purpose limitation and necessity thereto;</p> <p>(iii)     a prohibition on usage of any contact information contained therein to phone, mail, email or otherwise contact data subjects;</p> <p>(iv)      a prohibition of any transfer thereof to third parties (excluding, amongst others, “entrusted” Operators pursuant to Article 23(5)), unless such transfer is permitted by law or regulation (alternatively, the transfer of pseudonymously processed information by data subject consent is permissible if such information are instead handled as PI);</p> <p>(v)       in the event of their acquisition or the intended alteration of their processing purpose, limitation of the Operator’s disclosure obligation to that of notice by publication;</p> <p>(vi)      non-applicability of breach notification obligations pursuant to amended Article 22-2, provided that the removed PI are not also subject to the breach; and</p> <p>(vii)    the elimination of data subjects’ rights regarding their pseudonymously processed information, with the exception of their Article 35 right to receive a prompt and appropriate response to their complaints (subject to the Operator’s best efforts).</p> <p>In addition to the above, the APPI’s ‘general’ requirements pursuant to Articles 19-22 will apply to pseudonymously processed information handled by an Operator which simultaneously (but separately) possesses the removed PI. Such Operator will be required to: </p> <p>(i) maintain accuracy of the pseudonymously processed information (for the duration their utilization remains necessary, after which their immediate deletion – alongside the deletion of the removed PI – is required, subject to the Operator’s best efforts); </p> <p>(ii) implement necessary and appropriate security measures to prevent leakage, loss or damage of the pseudonymously processed information; and </p> <p>(iii) exercise necessary and appropriate supervision over employees and entrusted persons handling the pseudonymously processed information. </p> <p>In contrast, with respect to pseudonymously processed information handed by an Operator which does <em>not</em> simultaneously possess the removed PI, amended Article 35-3 prohibits such Operator from acquiring the removed PI and/or collating the pseudonymously processed information with other information in order to identify data subjects, and limits the applicable provisions of the 2020 Amendments to the following: </p> <p>(i) the implementation of necessary and appropriate security measures to prevent leakage (a simplified version of Article 20); </p> <p>(ii) the exercise of necessary and appropriate supervision over employees and entrusted persons handling such information (pursuant to Articles 21 and 22); </p> <p>(iii) a prohibition on usage of any contact information contained in the pseudonymously processed information to phone, mail, email or otherwise contact data subjects; </p> <p>(iv) a prohibition of any transfer of such information to third parties (excluding, amongst others, “entrusted” Operators pursuant to Article 23(5)), unless such transfer is permitted by law or regulation (alternatively, the transfer of pseudonymously processed information by data subject consent is permissible if such information are instead handled as PI); and </p> <p>(v) the elimination of data subjects’ rights regarding their pseudonymously processed information, with the exception of their Article 35 right to receive a prompt and appropriate response to their complaints (subject to the Operator’s best efforts).</p> <p><strong>In addition to pseudonymously processed information, the 2020 Amendments, pursuant to Article 26-2, introduce an additional, fourth category of information – namely,</strong> ‘<strong>personally referable information’. </strong>This fourth category includes cookies and purchase history (for example), which items may not independently be linkable to a specific individual (and thus would not constitute PI) but which could, if transferred to an Operator in possession of additional, related data, become PI. To account for such qualifying transfers, the 2020 Amendments introduce a consent requirement (such as an opt-in cookie banner).</p> <p>In the case of overseas transfers, the transferring Operator must additionally inform the data subject as to the data protection system and safeguards of the recipient country and third party, as well as take ‘necessary action to ensure continuous implementation’ of APPI-equivalent safeguards by such recipient third party. Unlike for PI, the data subject does not have a right to request additional details regarding the ‘necessary action’ taken by the Operator with respect to an overseas transfer of personally referable information.</p> <p class="has-medium-font-size"><strong>5.</strong> <strong>Preparing for the 2020 Amendments: Next Steps for Japanese and Foreign Operators</strong></p> <p>Companies conducting business in or with Japan should be mindful of the demanding nature of the 2020 Amendments to the APPI, and the stringency with which the PPC will seek to enforce them – particularly in view of the dismay caused by the LINE matter and the likelihood of efforts by the PPC to avoid similar incidents in the future.</p> <p>Moreover, as the European Commission finalizes its first review of its 2019 adequacy decision on Japan, the PPC’s interpretative rules and enforcement trends may further intensify, with the aim of bringing Japanese data protection legislation closer to global standards, including the EU GDPR framework. Bearing this in mind, companies – including those not currently subject to the APPI, but which provide goods and/or services to individuals in Japan – would be wise to proactively conduct necessary modifications to their internal data protection policies and mechanisms, in order to ensure operational compliance with the amended APPI by April 2022.</p> <p>For those Operators involved in international transfers of PI from Japan, absence of a PPC-issued “standard contractual clauses” template renders difficult, and from a compliance standpoint uncertain, any reliance on contractually-imposed APPI-equivalent standards pursuant to amended Article 24(3). However, one potential solution for Operators preparing to rely on this transfer mechanism for overseas PI transfers (excluding to the EEA or UK) may be the European Commission’s revised Standard Contractual Clauses (‘<strong>New</strong> <strong>SCCs</strong>‘), which are due to be published in early 2021. Subject to certain necessary modifications (of jurisdictional clauses and so forth), Operators may consider utilizing the New SCCs as a starting point, to bind recipient third parties to the stringent data protection standards and obligations of the 2020 Amendments.</p> <p>Operators engaged in transferring PI should also be mindful of the 2020 Amendments’ onerous due diligence obligations with respect to overseas third parties. Prior to and during any cross-border engagements involving Japan-origin PI, Operators must actively ensure that their third-party recipients of such PI (including partners, vendors and subcontractors, as well as each of their respective partner, vendor and subcontractor recipients, and so forth) successfully implement, and continuously maintain, APPI-equivalent measures.</p> <p><strong>The 2020 Amendments’ enhanced disclosure obligations invite data subjects to hold Operators accountable</strong> with respect to the preventative and/or reactive measures Operators take – or fail to take – to protect their PI. Operators engaging foreign third parties should therefore consider reviewing and amplifying their due diligence of such entities, in addition to assessing the laws in each recipient country, in order to proactively identify and devise solutions to address potential obstacles to APPI adherence overseas.</p> <p>The 2020 Amendments’ broadened extraterritorial application will also require non-Japanese companies to modify their internal data breach assessment and notification systems, to ensure that the PPC and data subjects in Japan are appropriately notified in the event of a qualifying breach; and to implement any necessary changes to their data subject communications platforms or data subject rights request forms, to enable data subjects in Japan to successfully exercise their amended APPI rights from April 1, 2022.</p> <p>Once published, the PPC guidelines to the 2020 Amendments will further clarify (and potentially amplify) Operators’ compliance obligations with respect to each of the topics addressed in this blog post. The PPC’s findings in regard to LINE’s conduct may also have significant bearing on future APPI enforcement trends and risks. Therefore, in addition to implementing necessary measures to ensure operational compliance with the 2020 Amendments, companies processing covered PI and interested data privacy professionals should look out for these items over the next several months. </p> <p><em>Photo Credit: <a href="https://pixabay.com/users/presentationcafe-848023/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=3801827">Ben Thai</a> from <a href="https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=3801827">Pixabay</a></em></p> <p><strong>For more Global Privacy thought leadership, see:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://fpf.org/blog/the-right-to-be-forgotten-is-not-compatible-with-the-brazilian-constitution-or-is-it/">The right to be forgotten is not compatible with the Brazilian Constitution. Or is it?</a></p> <p><a href="https://fpf.org/blog/india-massive-overhaul-of-digital-regulation-with-strict-rules-for-take-down-of-illegal-content-and-automated-scanning-of-online-content/">India: Massive overhaul of digital regulation, with strict rules for take-down of illegal content and automated scanning of online content</a> </p> <p><a href="https://fpf.org/blog/russia-new-law-requires-express-consent-for-making-personal-data-available-to-the-public-and-for-any-subsequent-dissemination/">Russia: New law requires express consent for making personal data available to the public and for any subsequent dissemination</a></p> <div class="single-footer"> <div class="single-footer__date"> <span>Published: </span> <span>Last Updated: April 13, 2021</span> </div> <div class="single-footer__tags post-tags"> Tags: <a href="https://fpf.org/tag/global/" rel="tag">Global</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar"> <h2>Explore</h2> <div class='facetwp-template' style='display: none;'> <h2>The African Union’s Continental AI Strategy: Data Protection and Governance Laws Set to Play a Key Role in AI Regulation</h2><h2>U.S. Legislative Trends in AI-Generated Content: 2024 and Beyond</h2><h2>Processing of Personal Data for AI Training in Brazil: Takeaways from ANPD’s Preliminary Decisions in the Meta Case</h2><h2>Do LLMs Contain Personal Information? California AB 1008 Highlights Evolving, Complex Techno-Legal Debate</h2><h2>Future of Privacy Forum Convenes Over 200 State Lawmakers in AI Policy Working Group Focused on 2025 Legislative Sessions</h2><h2>Synthetic Content: Exploring the Risks, Technical Approaches, and Regulatory Responses</h2><h2>Out, Not Outed: Privacy for Sexual Health, Orientations, and Gender Identities</h2><h2>FPF Analysis of New Requirements for Generative AI Use by Healthcare Entities in Patient Communications </h2><h2>FPF Submits Comments to Inform New York Children’s Privacy Rulemaking Processes</h2><h2>Regulatory Strategies of Data Protection Authorities in the Asia-Pacific Region: 2024, and Beyond</h2></div> <div class="facetwp-facet facetwp-facet-search facetwp-type-search" data-name="search" data-type="search"></div> <h4>Issues</h4> <div class="facetwp-facet facetwp-facet-issues facetwp-type-checkboxes" data-name="issues" data-type="checkboxes"></div> <h4>authors</h4> <div class="facetwp-facet facetwp-facet-authors facetwp-type-checkboxes" data-name="authors" data-type="checkboxes"></div> <h4>dates</h4> <div class="facetwp-facet facetwp-facet-dates facetwp-type-checkboxes" data-name="dates" data-type="checkboxes"></div> <button class="fwp-submit main-btn" data-href="https://fpf.org/./blog/" style="display: none;">Submit</button>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fpf-authored-posts container" data-author-id="55648" data-page="1" id="blog"> <h2>Posts by FPF</h2> <div class="authored-posts-list fpf-authored-posts__list"> <div class="authored-post"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/privacy-best-practices-for-rideshare-drivers-using-dashcams/" class="authored-post__img"> <img width="300" height="233" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Screen-Shot-2022-02-03-at-9.23.24-AM-300x233.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Dashcam icon" decoding="async" srcset="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Screen-Shot-2022-02-03-at-9.23.24-AM-300x233.png 300w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Screen-Shot-2022-02-03-at-9.23.24-AM.png 492w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /> </a> <div class="authored-post__title"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/privacy-best-practices-for-rideshare-drivers-using-dashcams/">Privacy Best Practices for Rideshare Drivers Using Dashcams</a> </div> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/privacy-best-practices-for-rideshare-drivers-using-dashcams/" class="authored-post__more">Read More</a> </div> <div class="authored-post"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/future-of-privacy-forum-launches-its-asia-pacific-office-with-dr-clarisse-girot-at-the-helm/" class="authored-post__img"> <img width="218" height="300" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-218x300.jpeg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="0125746e e60a 4bcb bc7e 31b33fa50a80 1 201 a" decoding="async" srcset="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-218x300.jpeg 218w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-746x1024.jpeg 746w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-768x1055.jpeg 768w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-1118x1536.jpeg 1118w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-1491x2048.jpeg 1491w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/0125746E-E60A-4BCB-BC7E-31B33FA50A80_1_201_a-scaled.jpeg 1864w" sizes="(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px" /> </a> <div class="authored-post__title"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/future-of-privacy-forum-launches-its-asia-pacific-office-with-dr-clarisse-girot-at-the-helm/">Future of Privacy Forum Launches its Asia-Pacific Office Led by Dr. Clarisse Girot</a> </div> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/future-of-privacy-forum-launches-its-asia-pacific-office-with-dr-clarisse-girot-at-the-helm/" class="authored-post__more">Read More</a> </div> <div class="authored-post"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/" class="authored-post__img"> <img width="300" height="225" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-300x225.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="mount fuji 3801827 1920" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-300x225.jpg 300w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-768x576.jpg 768w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/mount-fuji-3801827_1920.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /> </a> <div class="authored-post__title"> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/">A New Era for Japanese Data Protection: 2020 Amendments to the APPI</a> </div> <a href="https://fpf.org/blog/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi/" class="authored-post__more">Read More</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="view-more main-btn">View More</a> </div> </main> <section class="subscribe-form" id="subscribe"> <div class="subscribe-form__wrap container-fluid ibg _wrap-bg" style="background-color: #01b8fc; background-image: url(https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/photo-1525770041010-2a1233dd8152-e1608756295791.jpg);"> <div class="container"> <div class="subscribe-form__item "> <div class="gf_browser_chrome gform_wrapper" id="gform_wrapper_1"><form method="get" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="gform_1" action="/subscribe"> <div class="gform_heading"> <h3 class="gform_title">Stay Up to Date</h3> <span class="gform_description"><p>Subscribe to receive our monthly newsletter and information about upcoming events</p> </span> </div> <div class="gform_body"> <ul id="gform_fields_1" class="gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below"> <li id="field_1_1" class="gfield field_sublabel_below field_description_below hidden_label gfield_visibility_visible"> <label class="gfield_label" for="input_1_1">Email</label> <div class="ginput_container ginput_container_email"> <input name="email" id="input_1_1" type="text" value="" class="medium" aria-invalid="false"> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="gform_footer top_label"> <input type="submit" id="gform_submit_button_1" class="gform_button button" value="Let's Go"> </div> </form></div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <footer class="footer"> <div class="container footer__container"> <div class="related-sites"> <div class="related-sites__title"> Related Sites </div> <ul id="menu-related-sites" class="related-sites__links"><li id="menu-item-26" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://techpolicy.org.il/">Israel Tech Policy Institute</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://studentprivacycompass.org/">Student Privacy Compass</a></li> <li id="menu-item-237301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-237301"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://studentprivacypledge.org/">Student Privacy Pledge</a></li> </ul> </div> <ul id="menu-social" class="footer__social"><li id="menu-item-30" class="x-twitter menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30"><a title="X" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/futureofprivacy"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="youtube menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-31"><a title="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/futureofprivacy">Youtube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-32" class="linkedin menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-32"><a title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-future-of-privacy-forum">LinkedIn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-233398" class="instagram menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-233398"><a title="Instagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/futureofprivacy/">Instagram</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="container footer__container"> <div class="footer__logo"> <a href="">  <img src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/img/logo-footer-15th-anniversary.png" alt="FPF"> </a> </div> <ul id="menu-footer" class="footer__links"><li id="menu-item-33" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-33"><a href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124581" class="optanon-show-settings menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-124581"><a>Cookie Preferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-35" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-35"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> <div class="modal-search" id="search"> <div class="modal-search__wrap"> <form action="/" class="subscribe-form__form modal-search__form"> <input type="hidden" name="s"> <input type="text" name="_search" placeholder="Search" value=""> <button type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </form> </div> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['trackPageView']);_paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']);_paq.push(['alwaysUseSendBeacon']);_paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', "\/\/fpf.org\/wp-json\/matomo\/v1\/hit\/"]);_paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']);var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.src="\/\/fpf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/matomo\/matomo.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/accordion-blocks/js/accordion-blocks.min.js?ver=1.5.0" id="pb-accordion-blocks-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/themes/fpf/js/script.js?ver=1.0.0" id="fpf-costume-js"></script> <link href="https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/facetwp/assets/css/front.css?ver=4.3.3" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/facetwp/assets/js/dist/front.min.js?ver=4.3.3"></script> <script src="https://fpf.org/wp-content/plugins/facetwp-submit/facetwp-submit.js?ver=4.3.3"></script> <script> window.FWP_JSON = {"prefix":"_","no_results_text":"No results found","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/fpf.org\/wp-json\/facetwp\/v1\/refresh","nonce":"510342ab13","preload_data":{"facets":{"search":"<span class=\"facetwp-input-wrap\"><i class=\"facetwp-icon\"><\/i><input type=\"text\" class=\"facetwp-search\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"Enter keywords\" autocomplete=\"off\" \/><\/span>","issues":"<div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"global\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Global<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(216)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"education\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Youth & Education Privacy<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(140)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"us-legislation\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">U.S. Legislation<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(138)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"ai-ml\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Artificial Intelligence<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(109)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"research-and-ethics\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Research & Ethics<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(96)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"smart-communities\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Smart Communities<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(74)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"mobility-location\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Mobility & Location<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(53)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"health-data\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Health<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(50)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"ad-tech-guidance\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Ad Tech<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(48)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"deid\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">De-Identification<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(31)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"cybersecurity\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Cybersecurity<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(30)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"biometrics\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Biometrics<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(23)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"immersive-technologies\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Immersive Technologies<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(20)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"africa\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Africa<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(6)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"privacy-enhancing-technologies\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Privacy Enhancing Technologies<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(6)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"global-legislation\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Global Legislation<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(5)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"latam\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Latin America<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(5)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"open-banking\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Open Banking<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(5)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>","authors":"<div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55648\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">FPF Staff<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(494)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"210\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Jules Polonetsky<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(142)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55338\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Brenda Leong<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(108)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55690\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Joseph Jerome<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(69)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55320\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Stacey Gray<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(52)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55364\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(37)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55361\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Amelia Vance<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(31)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55687\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">editor<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(31)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55463\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Melanie E. Bates<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(25)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"161695\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Dominic Paulger<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(22)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"142001\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Keir Lamont<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(20)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55358\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Rob van Eijk<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(20)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"57612\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Bailey Sanchez<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(18)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"76047\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Nancy Levesque<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(18)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"127247\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Daniel Berrick<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(17)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55314\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Kelsey Finch<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(17)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55352\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Pollyanna Sanderson<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(17)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"142897\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Tatiana Rice<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(17)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"55657\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Marianne Varkiani<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(15)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"123273\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">Sebasti\u00e3o Barros Vale<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(15)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>","dates":"<div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2024\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2024<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(88)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2023\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2023<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(83)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2022\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2022<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(104)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2021\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2021<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(78)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2020\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2020<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(119)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-overflow facetwp-hidden\"><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2019\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2019<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(79)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2018\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2018<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(75)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2017\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2017<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(99)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2016\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2016<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(95)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2015\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2015<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(54)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2014\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2014<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(70)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2013\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2013<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(55)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2012\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2012<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(83)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2011\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2011<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(89)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2010\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2010<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(106)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2009\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2009<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(173)<\/span><\/div><div class=\"facetwp-checkbox\" data-value=\"2008\"><span class=\"facetwp-display-value\">2008<\/span><span class=\"facetwp-counter\">(18)<\/span><\/div><\/div><a class=\"facetwp-toggle\">See {num} more<\/a><a class=\"facetwp-toggle facetwp-hidden\">See less<\/a>"},"template":"","settings":{"debug":{"query_args":{"post_type":"post","posts_per_page":10,"category_name":"blog","facetwp":true,"error":"","m":"","p":0,"post_parent":"","subpost":"","subpost_id":"","attachment":"","attachment_id":0,"name":"","pagename":"","page_id":0,"second":"","minute":"","hour":"","day":0,"monthnum":0,"year":0,"w":0,"tag":"","cat":"","tag_id":"","author":"","author_name":"","feed":"","tb":"","paged":1,"meta_key":"","meta_value":"","preview":"","s":null,"sentence":"","title":"","fields":"","menu_order":"","embed":"","category__in":[],"category__not_in":[],"category__and":[],"post__in":[],"post__not_in":[],"post_name__in":[],"tag__in":[],"tag__not_in":[],"tag__and":[],"tag_slug__in":[],"tag_slug__and":[],"post_parent__in":[],"post_parent__not_in":[],"author__in":[],"author__not_in":[],"search_columns":[]},"sql":"SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.ID\n\t\t\t\t\t FROM wp_posts LEFT JOIN wp_term_relationships ON (wp_posts.ID = wp_term_relationships.object_id)\n\t\t\t\t\t WHERE 1=1 AND ( \n wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id IN (15,402)\n) AND ((wp_posts.post_type = 'post' AND (wp_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_posts.post_status = 'acf-disabled')))\n\t\t\t\t\t GROUP BY wp_posts.ID\n\t\t\t\t\t ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC\n\t\t\t\t\t LIMIT 0, 10","facets":{"search":{"enable_relevance":"yes","name":"search","label":"Search","type":"search","source":"","search_engine":"swp_default","placeholder":"","auto_refresh":"no","operator":"or","selected_values":""},"issues":{"name":"issues","label":"Issues","type":"checkboxes","source":"tax\/issue","parent_term":"","modifier_type":"off","modifier_values":"Ad Tech\nAI & Machine Learning\nBiometrics\nDe-Identification\nEthics\nGlobal\nHealth\nLegislation\nMobility & Location\nResearch\nSmart Communities\nYouth & Education Privacy","hierarchical":"no","show_expanded":"no","ghosts":"no","preserve_ghosts":"no","operator":"and","orderby":"count","count":"-1","soft_limit":"5","selected_values":[]},"authors":{"name":"authors","label":"Authors","type":"checkboxes","source":"acf\/field_5f02545433024","parent_term":"","modifier_type":"off","modifier_values":"","hierarchical":"no","show_expanded":"no","ghosts":"no","preserve_ghosts":"no","operator":"and","orderby":"count","count":"20","soft_limit":"5","selected_values":[]},"dates":{"name":"dates","label":"Dates","type":"checkboxes","source":"post_date","parent_term":"","modifier_type":"off","modifier_values":"","hierarchical":"no","show_expanded":"no","ghosts":"no","preserve_ghosts":"no","operator":"and","orderby":"display_value","count":"20","soft_limit":"5","selected_values":[]}},"template":{"name":"wp"},"settings":{"thousands_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","prefix":"_","load_jquery":"no","debug_mode":"on"},"last_indexed":"1 year","row_counts":{"authors":1968,"dates":2772,"event_time_since":123,"issues":1456,"new_facet":2772,"post_type":2772,"publication_types":881,"tags":1105},"hooks_used":{"pre_get_posts":["wp-content\/plugins\/wp-seopress-pro\/src\/Actions\/Sitemap\/RenderIndexSitemap.php:51","wp-content\/plugins\/searchwp\/includes\/Native.php:76","wp-content\/plugins\/wp-seopress\/src\/Actions\/Sitemap\/Render.php:72","wp-content\/plugins\/wp-seopress-pro\/src\/Actions\/Sitemap\/RenderNewsSitemap.php:51","wp-content\/plugins\/wp-seopress-pro\/src\/Actions\/Sitemap\/RenderVideoSitemap.php:50","wp-content\/themes\/fpf\/functions.php:145","wp-content\/themes\/fpf\/functions.php:479"],"facetwp_index_row":["wp-content\/themes\/fpf\/functions.php:628"],"facetwp_facet_orderby":["wp-content\/themes\/fpf\/functions.php:698"],"facetwp_preload_url_vars":["wp-content\/themes\/fpf\/functions.php:948"]},"post_types":["fpf-event","fpf_person","fpf_resource","page","post","uddf-event","uddf-topic"]},"pager":{"page":1,"per_page":10,"total_rows":1468,"total_pages":147},"num_choices":{"issues":18,"authors":20,"dates":17},"labels":{"search":"Search","issues":"Issues","authors":"Authors","dates":"Dates"},"search":{"auto_refresh":"no"},"issues":{"show_expanded":"no"},"authors":{"show_expanded":"no"},"dates":{"show_expanded":"no"}}},"expand":"[+]","collapse":"[-]"}; window.FWP_HTTP = {"get":[],"uri":"blog\/a-new-era-for-japanese-data-protection-2020-amendments-to-the-appi","url_vars":[]}; </script> </body> </html>