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id="toc-Company_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bonifacio_Echeverria_and_the_ancestry_of_Star" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonifacio_Echeverria_and_the_ancestry_of_Star"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bonifacio Echeverria and the ancestry of Star</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonifacio_Echeverria_and_the_ancestry_of_Star-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_beginnings_of_Star_as_a_brand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_beginnings_of_Star_as_a_brand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The beginnings of Star as a brand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_beginnings_of_Star_as_a_brand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_classic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_classic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The classic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_classic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_end" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_end"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>The end</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_end-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_and_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_and_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Production and models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production_and_models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production and models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production_and_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pistols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pistols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pistols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pistols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submachine_Guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submachine_Guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Submachine Guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submachine_Guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Star_Pistol_model_1919._"Sindicalista"_Model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Star_Pistol_model_1919._"Sindicalista"_Model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Star Pistol model 1919. "Sindicalista" Model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Star_Pistol_model_1919._"Sindicalista"_Model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code_and_year_of_manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code_and_year_of_manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Code and year of manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code_and_year_of_manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Star Bonifacio Echeverria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG/220px-Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG/330px-Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG/440px-Museo_Eibar_logo_de_Star.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1905<span class="noprint">; 120 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1905</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Julian Echeverria<br />Bonifacio Echeverria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">May 27, 1997<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1997-05-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Bankruptcy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASTAR_(company)" title="ASTAR (company)">ASTAR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque region</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">Firearms</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://star-firearms.com/">http://star-firearms.com/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A.</b> was a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">small arms</a> (principally pistol caliber firearms such as handguns and submachine guns) in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(historical_territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Country (historical territory)">Basque region</a> of Spain from about 1905 until 1997. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Company_history">Company history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Company history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonifacio_Echeverria_and_the_ancestry_of_Star">Bonifacio Echeverria and the ancestry of Star</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bonifacio Echeverria and the ancestry of Star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg/220px-Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg/330px-Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg/440px-Ruby_1914-IMG_7361-white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Gabilondo Ruby Pistol</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eibar" title="Eibar">Eibar</a> region has been a center of weapons development and manufacture for centuries, with "Spanish Steel" historically being a selling point with its reputation for quality and durability. When firearms came into being, Eibar retained its edge as a weapons manufacturing center. The oldest known ancestor of the Star lineage is José Cruz Echeverria, who made muzzle-loading firearms in the 19th century. </p><p>His two sons, Julián and Bonifacio, entered the firearms business about 1905. Thanks to a curious mechanism in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_patent_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish patent law (page does not exist)">Spanish patent law</a>, local firms were until 1986 free to produce foreign designs protected abroad if they weren't produced in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So the brothers started to make the model 1908 pistol, substantially an unlicensed clone of <a href="/wiki/Mannlicher_M1901" title="Mannlicher M1901">Mannlicher M1900</a> in 6.35 mm (.25 ACP) caliber. Around 1910 Julián left the business and Bonifacio expanded and began improving their current offering. The <a href="/wiki/Star_Model_14" title="Star Model 14">Model 1914</a> was released with much the same mechanism as the 1908, but with further improvements to the ergonomics, </p><p>As is often the case with weapons makers, a government contract secured the success of the company. The firm was a sub-contractor to Gabilondo y Urresti in producing a version of the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_pistol" title="Ruby pistol">Gabilondo Ruby</a> pistol for the French military during World War I. Additionally, Bonifacio Echeverria was directly contracted for a version of the 1914 Model pistol. The "Model 1 Militar" was a 7.65 mm (.32) caliber version of the Model 1914 designed for the French military, who referred to them as the <i>Pistolet automatique, type Star</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_beginnings_of_Star_as_a_brand">The beginnings of Star as a brand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The beginnings of Star as a brand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg/220px-Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg/330px-Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg/440px-Bonifacio_Echeverria_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2819" data-file-height="3692" /></a><figcaption>Share of the Bonifacio Echeverría company, issued 1. July 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1919, Bonifacio formally registered the Star <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">trade name</a>, and all subsequent weapons were marked as such. Note that although some references say that the Basque and Spanish equivalents of Star are also registered (Izarra and Estrella), they seem to have never been marketed as such. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_classic_era">The classic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The classic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Model_F_Target.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Star_Model_F_Target.jpg/220px-Star_Model_F_Target.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Star_Model_F_Target.jpg/330px-Star_Model_F_Target.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Star_Model_F_Target.jpg/440px-Star_Model_F_Target.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2962" /></a><figcaption>Star Model F Target in 22 LR. This version was produced in the 1960s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally, Bonifacio had planned on producing a still more improved version of the model 1914, initially to meet a French follow-on contract for 50,000 pistols. However, the end of World War I led to the cancellation of the contract, and Echeverria decided that clones of the <a href="/wiki/M1911_Colt_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911 Colt pistol">Colt M1911</a> were more commercially viable.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development moved rapidly from pistols that looked like Colts to ones that operated on the <a href="/wiki/John_Browning" title="John Browning">Browning</a> tilting breech method. The line was rapidly expanded to cover a broad range of pistols in all popular western calibers, as well as the almost uniquely Spanish <a href="/wiki/9_mm_Largo" class="mw-redirect" title="9 mm Largo">9 mm Largo</a>. Additionally, a line of <a href="/wiki/.25_ACP" title=".25 ACP">.25 ACP</a> caliber vest pocket pistols were developed, including a series of popular <a href="/wiki/.22_Long_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 Long Rifle">.22 Long Rifle</a> target pistols. These are all straight blowback models. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_modern_era">The modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983 production of the classic models was largely ceased in favor of a new series of pistols taking most of their features from the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Petter" title="Charles Petter">Charles Petter</a> SACM style of pistols (also seen in the <a href="/wiki/SIG_P210" title="SIG P210">SIG P210</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cz_75" class="mw-redirect" title="Cz 75">CZ-75</a>). Namely, these all had inverted slide rails and closed cam path locking. Many also had modular (removable) trigger assemblies. Most were double-action, though some retained the classic style <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">single-action</a> lockwork. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_end">The end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1990s were bad for defense companies all over the world. For the most part, companies in smaller markets either found their niche and flourished, or slowly perished. In Spain alone Star, <a href="/wiki/Astra-Unceta_y_Cia_SA" title="Astra-Unceta y Cia SA">Astra</a> and <a href="/wiki/CETME" title="CETME">CETME</a> met their end. </p><p>The final years at Star saw a relative flurry of new models, and court challenges over restructuring plans and massive layoffs. Star filed for <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> protection in late 1993 after taking out loans to invest in new <a href="/wiki/CNC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC">CNC</a> machinery. They were indirectly affected by the <a href="/wiki/Asian_economic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian economic crisis">Asian economic crisis</a>; Spanish banks tried to cover Asian investment losses by more aggressively collecting outstanding debt and renewing loans with less favorable terms for domestic companies. Star and Astra began cooperative investment and discussions of mergers in the mid 90s, but Astra was not in much better shape, so this eventually dragged both companies down. </p><p>Although rumours abounded that a large foreign company, like <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a>, would snap them up (as they indeed did with <a href="/wiki/SAKO" title="SAKO">Sako</a>) this was not to be. Employees of both companies, through their unions, tried to set up a cooperative to take control of the companies. They planned to upgrade operations again, but also ran into trouble overextending themselves financially, and eventually these organizations also sought protection under bankruptcy laws. </p><p>On May 27, 1997, both Star and Astra closed their doors, and were placed in the Spanish equivalent of Chapter Seven bankruptcy, under the control of a Basque regional judge. Eventually, an agreement was reached that settled sufficient outstanding debt, and allowed some of the machinery and the intellectual property to be resurrected in two new companies. Much machinery was also sold at auction to pay debtors. Apparently all unassembled or unsold barrels and frames were destroyed by government order when the company closed. Unregistered parts were retained and purchased by a custom smithing operation known as Ipar Guns. </p><p>Star and Astra combined into one company under the <a href="/wiki/ASTAR_(company)" title="ASTAR (company)">ASTAR</a> name, with a new factory, which manufactures a range of new firearms with distribution in Spain and some South American countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_models">Production and models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Production and models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pistols">Pistols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pistols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg/220px-Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg/330px-Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg/440px-Star_type_2_pistol-Inv_32146-IMG_7362-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Model 1914 2e type (for officers)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1905; patent of a semiautomatic pistol of the hammerless type, caliber <a href="/wiki/.25_ACP" title=".25 ACP">6.35 mm</a></li> <li>Model 1908: copy of the <a href="/wiki/Mannlicher_M1901" title="Mannlicher M1901">Mannlicher Model 1900</a> in 6.35 mm</li> <li>Model 1914: pistol of the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_pistol" title="Ruby pistol">Ruby type</a> in .25 ACP, improved Mannlicher system caliber 7.65 mm for the French army.</li> <li>Izarra: pistol of the hammerless type caliber .25 ACP, produced between 1905 and 1906 in small numbers. In .32 ACP, of Ruby pattern, produced from 1914 until 1921.</li> <li>Star Model 1908, produced between 1908 and 1914, of Mannlicher pistols</li> <li>Star model 1919: Star mod.1919, 7.65mm and 6.35mm, Mannlincher system, very compact, known as the pistol of the unionists of <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a> (anarchist) and the <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_General_de_Trabajadores" title="Unión General de Trabajadores">Unión General de Trabajadores</a> (socialist).</li> <li>Star model 1920: pistol for the Civil Guard</li> <li>Star model 1921: Tenth generation of pistols for the Civil Guard. Hard variation of the Modelo 1920. It does not have more of security of the firing pin on the butt, becomes to forge the tube so that he is more resistant, a security shipper, an aspect that is resembled the Colt M1911</li> <li>SIS – .32 Auto = 7.65 mm pistols</li> <li>SS – .380 Auto = 9mm Short</li> <li>AS – .38 Auto = 9 mm Bergmann-Bayard</li> <li>BS – 9 mm luger = 9mm Parabellum</li> <li>MS – <a href="/wiki/.38_ACP" title=".38 ACP">.38 Auto</a> = or 9 mm Bergmann-Bayard</li> <li>PS – <a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 Auto</a> or 9 mm</li> <li>Star Model A-40 or Star Model 1922: semiautomatic pistol of simple action of 9mm Long, produced between 1921 ET 1945, pistol would regulate of the Civil Guard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JO.LO.AR." title="JO.LO.AR.">JO.LO.AR.</a>: semi-automatic pistol chambered in a wide range of calibres with a .45 ACP Peruvian export variant.</li> <li>Star Model 1931</li> <li>Star Model IN-1934: lime 9mm Short, Mannincher system, made for the use of police.</li> <li>Star Model To Super:</li> <li>Star Model A: pistol similar to the <a href="/wiki/M1911" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911">M1911</a> but chambered in <a href="/wiki/9x23mm_Largo" class="mw-redirect" title="9x23mm Largo">9x23mm Largo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A machine pistol variant was developed in 1937 and to be manufactured in Thailand using machines supplied from <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_%26_Batley" title="Greenwood & Batley">Greenwood & Batley</a>, however plans fell through due to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Only a few were manufactured for trials.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_B" title="Star Model B">Star Model B</a></li> <li>Super-Star: pistol of simple action produced of 1946 à 1983. It was a landmark in the manufacture of the company.</li> <li>SUPER-S: identical pistol to Super-Star in caliber 380 the ACP and of dimensions very reduced.</li> <li>Star Model BG</li> <li>Star Model BKS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_BM" title="Star Model BM">Star Model BM</a></li> <li>Star Model BKM: pistol of simple action 9mm Parabellum, produced of 1972 à 1997, identical model to STAR BM but with frame made in <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft aluminum">aircraft aluminum</a>.</li> <li>Star Model C</li> <li>Star Model D: in SS and S (SS=.380) (S=Super.380 see above)</li> <li>Star Model D Plus</li> <li>Star Model F</li> <li>Star Model H</li> <li>Star Model I</li> <li>Star Model M</li> <li>Star Model MMS: <a href="/wiki/7.63_mm_Mauser" class="mw-redirect" title="7.63 mm Mauser">7.63 mm Mauser</a></li> <li>Star Model P</li> <li>Star Model PKM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_PD" title="Star Model PD">Star Model PD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Model_1941-S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Model 1941-S (page does not exist)">Star Model 1941-S</a>: pistol of single-action 380 ACP produced from 1940 to 1983, resembled of the Model oA, but in very small dimensions. Models for military use.</li> <li>Star Model D -SS: Medium-sized pistol, single-action .380 ACP produced between 1930 and 1941. It was called the "Police and Pocket Model after it was adopted by the Spanish Police. It resembles the Model-A except it is a smaller pistol and looks very much like a Model 1911 Colt.</li> <li>Star Model SM Super: chambered in .380 ACP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_28" title="Star Model 28">Star Model M28/M30/M31</a></li> <li>Star Model M40: <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&W">.40 S&W</a> single-action pistol.</li> <li>Star Model M43: 9mm</li> <li>Star Firestar M45: .45ACP <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">single-action</a> pistol. Its weight is 2.5 lb with full magazine of six<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rounds and one in the chamber. Extended magazine with seven rounds available.<a href="/wiki/Trigger_pull" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigger pull">Trigger pull</a> is 4.5 5 lb.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Ultrastar" title="Star Ultrastar">Star Ultrastar</a></li> <li>Star Megastar</li> <li>Star Model 316</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submachine_Guns">Submachine Guns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Submachine Guns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG/220px-Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG/330px-Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG/440px-Museo_Eibar_Subfusil_Z-62_STAR_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Star Z62B</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Si_35" title="Star Si 35">Si 35</a> models, RU35, and TN35: These models used fixed wooden buttstock, and were chambered for the 9×23mm (9mm Largo cartridge). They differed slightly in rate of fire and design. Used in the Spanish Civil War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_Z-45" title="Star Model Z-45">Star Model Z-45</a> model: This 9×23mm (<a href="/wiki/9mm_Largo" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm Largo">9mm Largo</a>) submachine gun used a 10 or 30-round magazine, was made in <b>both</b> fixed wood stock and folding stock versions, and was fitted with a muzzle brake/compensator very similar to that used on the M1921/28 <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Z-45 had a fluted chamber to ease extraction with the powerful 9 mm Largo cartridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Z-45s were issued with a 30-round box magazine, but a short 10-round magazine was available for police or for guarding prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The folding stock was similar in design to that of the German <a href="/wiki/MP40" class="mw-redirect" title="MP40">MP40</a>. The Star Z-45 saw service in Spain, Cuba, Chile, Portugal (no longer), Saudi Arabia and Angola. It was used for the first time in combat in <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Ifni" title="Sidi Ifni">Sidi Ifni</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_Z62" title="Star Model Z62">Star Model Z-62</a> and Z-63: Entered service with the Spanish Army in 1963. The Z-62 uses the 9×23mm Largo ammunition, while the Z-63 uses 9×19 Parabellum. The two models differ internally, but outside they are practically identical. All parts of the Z-62/Z-63 are constructed of metal.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Model_Z-70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Model Z-70 (page does not exist)">Star Model Z-70</a> and Z-70B: After the entrance of Spain into <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the Z-70 was issued from the outset in 9×19mm Parabellum NATO caliber.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Model_Z-75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Model Z-75 (page does not exist)">Star Model Z-75</a> model: The Z-75 was a developmental model that introduced the use of plastic/composite materials in order to reduce weight. The Z-75's design was a radical change from earlier Star submachine guns, and resembles the Israeli UZI in appearance. The later Z-84 is nothing more than a revised version of the Z-75.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Model_Z84" title="Star Model Z84">Star Model Z-84</a>: In 1985, the Spanish Army introduced the revised Star Z-84 for service with some units in the Spanish Army. The new Z-84 was designed to operate reliably on semi-jacketed hollow-point or soft-point (expanding bullet) ammunition as well as military 9mm NATO full-metal-jacket cartridges, and could be fitted with 25 or 30-round magazines. It was originally envisioned that the Z-84 would replace all submachine guns then in service, but a decrease in reliance on submachine guns as a primary small arm for the Spanish armed forces resulted in a decision to retain the Z-70 for substitute issue on an as-needed basis. The Z-84 itself was largely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">Heckler & Koch MP5</a>, but is still used by units of the Spanish Navy, Guardia, and Police units. In the Spanish armed forces, the Z-84 is colloquially known as "the Zeta".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Star_Pistol_model_1919._"Sindicalista"_Model"><span id="Star_Pistol_model_1919._.22Sindicalista.22_Model"></span>Star Pistol model 1919. "Sindicalista" Model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Star Pistol model 1919. "Sindicalista" Model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919 Bonifacio Echeverria was interested in the patent of the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Fabrique_Nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabrique Nationale">Fabrique Nationale</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Colt_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt 1911">Colt 1911</a> pistol. The intention of Echeverria was to design a pistol more to the taste of Eibar. </p><p>Echeverria created a 6.35mm caliber pistol that served as base for other models. With a frame clearly inspired by Colt and a slide similar to that of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a>. </p><p>By 1929 models with calibers of 6.35mm, 7.65mm and 9mm corto had been developed. The 7.65mm caliber model, denominated the "Model Polícia", allegedly began to be used by the gunmen of the <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">C.N.T</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>. Supposedly the pistol was carried hung by a string from the belt which went through a pocket with the bottom cut out of it, thus suspended down the inside of the trouser leg, to avoid detection by Police patrols. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_and_year_of_manufacture">Code and year of manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Code and year of manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After 1927 all the Spanish arms that are proven in the Proving stand Celebrate of Eibar are marked with recording, normally done on the frame, in which it appears the year of manufacture codified in letters. </p><p>Table of correspondence between letters and years of manufacture. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Code </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Code </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td>A </td> <td>1927 </td> <td>A1 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>A2 </td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td>B </td> <td>1928 </td> <td>B1 </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>B2 </td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td>C </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>C1 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>C2 </td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CH </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>CH1 </td> <td>RIEN </td> <td>CH2 </td> <td>RIEN </td></tr> <tr> <td>D </td> <td>1931 </td> <td>D1 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>D2 </td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td>E </td> <td>1932 </td> <td>E1 </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>E2 </td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>F </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>F1 </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>F2 </td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>G </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>G1 </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>G2 </td> <td>1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>H </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>H1 </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>H2 </td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>I1 </td> <td>1963 </td> <td>I2 </td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>J </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>J1 </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>J2 </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>K </td> <td>1938 </td> <td>K1 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>K2 </td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>L </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>L1 </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>L2 </td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>LL </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>LL1 </td> <td>RIEN </td> <td>LL2 </td> <td>RIEN </td></tr> <tr> <td>M </td> <td>1941 </td> <td>M1 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>M2 </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>N </td> <td>1942 </td> <td>N1 </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>N2 </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ñ </td> <td>1943 </td> <td>Ñ1 </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>Ñ2 </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td>O </td> <td>1944 </td> <td>O1 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>O2 </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>P </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>P1 </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>P2 </td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>Q1 </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>Q2 </td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>R </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>R1 </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>R2 </td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>S </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>S1 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>S2 </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>T </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>T1 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>T2 </td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>U </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>U1 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>U2 </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>V </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>V1 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>V2 </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>X1 </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>X2 </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Y </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>Y1 </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>Y2 </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>Z1 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>Z2 </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra-Unceta_y_Cia_SA" title="Astra-Unceta y Cia SA">Astra-Unceta y Cia SA</a>, another former Spanish handgun manufacturer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTAR_(company)" title="ASTAR (company)">ASTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CETME" title="CETME">CETME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama_firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Llama firearms">Llama</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSáiz2010" class="citation web cs1">Sáiz, Patricio (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3495902">"Patents of Introduction and the Spanish Innovation System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3495902">3495902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patents+of+Introduction+and+the+Spanish+Innovation+System&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3495902%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1iz&rft.aufirst=Patricio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3495902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Bonifacio+Echeverria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Medlinn, Eugene and Huon, Jean: French Service Handguns 1858–2004, Tommygun Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCollum2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Forgotten_Weapons" title="Forgotten Weapons">McCollum, Ian</a> (2021). "Other Chinese Copies". <i>Pistols of the Warlords: Chinese Domestic Handguns, 1911 - 1949</i>. Headstamp Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">508–</span>513. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781733424639" title="Special:BookSources/9781733424639"><bdi>9781733424639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Other+Chinese+Copies&rft.btitle=Pistols+of+the+Warlords%3A+Chinese+Domestic+Handguns%2C+1911+-+1949&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E508-%3C%2Fspan%3E513&rft.pub=Headstamp+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781733424639&rft.aulast=McCollum&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStar+Bonifacio+Echeverria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezell, Edward, Handguns of the World. Stackpole, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">personal experience</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogg,_Ian_V_1991_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hogg, Ian V. and Weeks, John, Military Small Arms of the 20th Century, 6th ed. DBI Books, Inc. (1991)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Joseph E., <i>Small Arms of the World</i>, 9th ed., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company (1969), pp. 544–546</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Bonifacio_Echeverria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://star-firearms.com/">Star-Firearms.com, an information website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://9mmlargo.com/">9 mm Largo website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405183258/http://world.guns.ru/handguns/hg00-e.htm">Modern Firearms – Handguns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg00-e.htm">Modern Firearms – Submachine Guns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820121402/http://50ae.net/collection/starb/">Star Modelo Super B Pictorial</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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