CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Operation Impact - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5d6c28ce-7de0-4e45-845c-6d48d64d2108","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Operation_Impact","wgTitle":"Operation Impact","wgCurRevisionId":1249445827,"wgRevisionId":1249445827,"wgArticleId":44178375,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2023","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2019","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2019", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016","Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2016","Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016","Iraq articles missing geocoordinate data","All articles needing coordinates","Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata","2014 in the Iraqi Civil War","2015 in the Iraqi Civil War","2016 in the Iraqi Civil War","Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant","Premiership of Stephen Harper","2014 in Canada","2015 in Canada","2016 in Canada","2017 in Canada","Military operations involving Canada","Military operations of the Syrian civil war","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017)","Canadian involvement in the Syrian civil war","Canadian involvement in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)","Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Canada","Airstrikes during the Syrian civil war","Airstrikes during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Operation_Impact","wgRelevantArticleId":44178375,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q18357658", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/1200px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="708"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/800px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="472"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/640px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="378"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Operation Impact - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Impact"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Impact"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Operation_Impact rootpage-Operation_Impact skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Impact" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Impact" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Impact" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Impact" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Airstrikes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Airstrikes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Airstrikes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Decision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 In Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 In Syria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawal_from_airstrikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal_from_airstrikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Withdrawal from airstrikes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_from_airstrikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_support_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_support_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Air support operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_support_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ground operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISIL_response_in_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL_response_in_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 ISIL response in Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL_response_in_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Operation Impact</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" > 4 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="عملية التأثير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية التأثير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Impact" title="Opération Impact – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Impact" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%84%ED%8C%A9%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84" title="임팩트 작전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="임팩트 작전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_Impact" title="Operasi Impact – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Operasi Impact" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18357658#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Operation_Impact" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Operation_Impact" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Operation_Impact" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&oldid=1249445827" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Operation_Impact&id=1249445827&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Impact">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Impact">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Operation_Impact&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18357658" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2014–15 military operation of the Canadian Armed Forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation IMPACT</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">Military intervention against ISIL</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/300px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/450px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg/600px-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4591" data-file-height="2708" /></a> A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/CF-18" class="mw-redirect" title="CF-18">CF-18</a> flies over Iraq in support of Operation IMPACT on 4 March 2015.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>4 September 2014 - present (10 years, 2 months and 4 weeks)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Iraq (since 2014)</li><li>Syria (2015–16)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>Ground operations ongoing</li> <li>Canadian airstrikes on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> ended in February 2016<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li>ISIL ground attacks on Canadian special forces repelled<a href="#cite_note-Campion-Smith-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-gm1-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTF2" class="mw-redirect" title="JTF2">JTF2</a> conducting long range targeting of ISIL militants<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Operations in Syria concluded in January 2016</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Bill Blair</a> <hr /></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/12px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/18px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/23px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="281" /> <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Eyre" title="Wayne Eyre">Wayne Eyre</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/12px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/19px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/25px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="84" /> Robert Claude "Bob" McCann <hr /></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Paul" title="Jocelyn Paul">Jocelyn Paul</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kenny" title="Eric Kenny">Eric Kenny</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Angus_Topshee" title="Angus Topshee">Angus Topshee</a></li><li>● Steve Boivin</li></ul></div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color:transparent; text-align:left;"><div>Former</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[b]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anita Anand</a> <hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/12px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/18px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/23px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="281" /> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lawson" title="Thomas J. Lawson">Thomas J. Lawson</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/12px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/18px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/23px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="281" /> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Vance" title="Jonathan Vance">Jonathan Vance</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/12px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/18px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg/23px-Canadian_Forces_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="281" /> <a href="/wiki/Art_McDonald_(admiral)" title="Art McDonald (admiral)">Art McDonald</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/12px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/19px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/25px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="84" /> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_West" title="Kevin West">Kevin West</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/12px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/19px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/25px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="84" /> Alain Guimond </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/12px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/19px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg/25px-Insignia_of_the_Canadian_Forces_chief_warrant_officer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="84" /> Gilles Gregoire <hr /> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Hainse" title="Marquis Hainse">Marquis Hainse</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wynnyk" title="Paul Wynnyk">Paul Wynnyk</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Lanthier_(general)" title="Jean-Marc Lanthier (general)">Jean-Marc Lanthier</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Eyre" title="Wayne Eyre">Wayne Eyre</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Yvan_Blondin" title="Yvan Blondin">Yvan Blondin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hood" title="Michael Hood">Michael Hood</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al_Meinzinger" title="Al Meinzinger">Al Meinzinger</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Norman_(Canadian_naval_officer)" title="Mark Norman (Canadian naval officer)">Mark Norman</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Lloyd" title="Ron Lloyd">Ron Lloyd</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Art_McDonald_(admiral)" title="Art McDonald (admiral)">Art McDonald</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Craig_Baines" title="Craig Baines">Craig Baines</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> ● Major-General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rouleau" title="Michael Rouleau">Michael Rouleau</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> ● Major-General Peter Dawe </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> (Leader of IS)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Deputy_leader_assumes_command_of_ISIL-11">[9]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Suleiman_al-Naser" title="Abu Suleiman al-Naser">Abu Suleiman al-Naser</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Joint_Operations_Command" title="Canadian Joint Operations Command">Canadian Joint Operations Command</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Special_Operations_Forces_Command" title="Canadian Special Operations Forces Command">Canadian Special Operations Forces Command</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Military_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of ISIL">Military of ISIL</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Canadian_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>: <ul><li>≈200 special forces operators</li> <li>596 CF personnel (including special forces)<a href="#cite_note-Personal-12">[10]</a></li> <li>7 <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_CF-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet">CF-18 Hornet</a> multi-role fighters. All of them were withdrawn in February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-AFMDEC14-13">[11]</a></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Bell_CH-146_Griffon" title="Bell CH-146 Griffon">CH-146 Griffon</a> multi-role aircraft<a href="#cite_note-National_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_ForcesNational_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_Forces-14">[12]</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_CP-140_Aurora" title="Lockheed CP-140 Aurora">CP-140 Aurora</a> surveillance aircraft</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">CC-130J Hercules</a> tactical airlifter</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">CC-177 Globemaster</a> strategic airlifter<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Up to 200,000 fighters in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 killed (friendly fire)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Battles and operations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">1st Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">1st Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">1st Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">1st Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre" title="Badush prison massacre">Badush prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2014)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2014)">1st Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">2nd Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makhmour" title="Battle of Makhmour">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">1st Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharfadin_Temple" title="Battle of Sharfadin Temple">Sharfadin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musab_bin_Umair_mosque_massacre" title="Musab bin Umair mosque massacre">Musab bin Umair mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Suq al-Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saqlawiyah" title="Siege of Saqlawiyah">Saqlawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_H%C4%ABt_(2014)" title="Fall of Hīt (2014)">1st Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Jurf_Al_Sakhar" title="Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar">Jurf al-Sakhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">1st Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">1st Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">2nd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">3rd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuluiya_offensive" title="Dhuluiya offensive">Dhuluiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">2nd Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">1st Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">2nd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_offensive_(2015)" title="Mosul offensive (2015)">2nd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2015)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2015)">2nd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmah_offensive" title="Al-Karmah offensive">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">2nd Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">2nd Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">2nd Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">2nd Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">3rd Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">3rd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Shirqat offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">3rd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">4th Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mosul_airstrike" title="2017 Mosul airstrike">Mosul airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2016)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2016)">3rd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_clashes_(2017)" title="Sinjar clashes (2017)">4th Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Turkish Sinjar airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Anbar_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Anbar offensive (2017)">Western Anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2017)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2017)">4th Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul> <hr /> Major insurgent attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hillah_bombing" title="2014 Hillah bombing">1st Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Baghdad_bombings" title="February 2015 Baghdad bombings">1st Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">2nd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Iraq_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Iraq attacks">Sharaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">3rd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miqdadiyah_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miqdadiyah bombing">Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">2nd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">4th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">5th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">1st Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Taji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">6th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">7th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">2nd Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">8th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">9th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">3rd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">10th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017,_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017, Baghdad bombings">11th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tikrit_attacks" title="2017 Tikrit attacks">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">12th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li></ul> <hr /> Foreign interventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Shader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Okra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Chammal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Impact</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> IS genocide of minorities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Yazidi genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shia genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> <hr /> IS war crimes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_Islamic_State-occupied_Mosul" title="Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul">Mosul executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Use of chemical weapons in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul> <hr /> Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Iraqi insurgency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2015)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2016)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2017)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2017)">2017</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israel and the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul> U.S.-led intervention against ISIL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">April 2018 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> On 3 October 2014, Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> announced that he would put forth a motion to send forces to participate in the coalition for <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">military intervention against ISIL</a> by deploying combat aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-NatPost3Oct-16">[14]</a> On 7 October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> approved of sending nine aircraft to join coalition airstrikes against ISIL in Iraq along with 69 special forces advisors to train the Iraqi government's military.<a href="#cite_note-CBC8Oc14-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-cudmore1-18">[16]</a> The Canadian Armed Forces' contribution to <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL#5_September_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">the coalition against ISIL</a> was later dubbed Operation IMPACT.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> On 30 March 2015, the House of Commons voted to extend the mission to targets in Syria. No additional forces were announced.<a href="#cite_note-cb1-20">[18]</a> In late November 2015, new Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> announced the withdrawal of Canada's fighter aircraft from the fight against ISIL, but their surveillance and transport and refuelling aircraft would remain in the area.<a href="#cite_note-barton1-21">[19]</a> All airstrikes by the Canadian fighter aircraft ended as of 15 February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GovFeb16-22">[20]</a> As part of the Canadian reorganization of the operation in February 2016, it was announced the number of military trainers would triple to a total of 600 ground personnel.<a href="#cite_note-mas-23">[21]</a> This force was later augmented in mid-May 2016 by three <a href="/wiki/Bell_CH-146_Griffon" title="Bell CH-146 Griffon">Bell CH-146 Griffon</a> helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-pugmay16-24">[22]</a> On 20 July 2016, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a> announced that Canada was deploying a <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> in support of United States and French troops in their effort to retake Mosul. The hospital required 60 personnel; however, the minister said that the number of committed to the overall operation would not climb. The hospital's deployment would be for one year.<a href="#cite_note-brewsterjul16-25">[23]</a> On 7 January 2020, the Canadian Armed Forces announced that Operation Impact would be suspended following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">assassination of the Iranian general Qasem Soleimani</a> in Iraq earlier in the month, with some non-essential personnel being moved to Kuwait. On 16 January, it was announced that operations had resumed. In March 2021, the Canadian government extended the military mission against the remnants of ISIS by another year, and pledged to commit $43.6 million to stabilization programs in Iraq and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The mission was once again extended by one year in March 2022<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> and again extended to 31 March 2025 in March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airstrikes">Airstrikes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL order of battle">Military intervention against ISIL order of battle</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision">Decision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decision">edit</a>]</div> On 4 September 2014, the Canadian government announced that it would deploy up to 100 special forces to Iraq in a non-combat advisory role to the military operation against ISIL in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Later it was confirmed that 69 Canadian forces were operating in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> On 3 October 2014, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced a motion in the House of Commons that it was Canada's intent to send six <a href="/wiki/CF-18" class="mw-redirect" title="CF-18">CF-18</a> fighter jets and support aircraft for up to six months to attack ISIL in Iraq as part of the coalition to defeat ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-NatPost3Oct-16">[14]</a> "In the territory ISIL has occupied, it has conducted a campaign of unspeakable atrocities against the most innocent of people", also ISIL "has specifically targeted Canada and Canadians", Harper said.<a href="#cite_note-NatPost3Oct-16">[14]</a> Harper left open the possibility of Canadian involvement also in the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Syria">US-led intervention in Syria</a> against ISIL, but on the condition that Syria's government would approve of it.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> On 7 October, the House of Commons voted in favour of sending six CF-18 fighter jets, an air-to-air refueling aircraft and two surveillance aircraft to join coalition airstrikes against ISIL in Iraq, to conduct targeted airstrikes from an allied air base in Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-CBC8Oc14-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Iraq">In Iraq</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Iraq">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> The first Canadian airstrike against an Islamic State target in Iraq occurred on 2 November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> It was reported that CF-18s successfully destroyed heavy engineering or construction equipment used to divert the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates River</a> near the city of <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBC11-11-14-33">[31]</a> On 11 November, CF-18s dropped laser guided bombs near the city of <a href="/wiki/Baiji,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiji, Iraq">Baiji</a>, in Northern Iraq. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a> stated that the strike targeted equipment that could have been used to attack coalition assets.<a href="#cite_note-CBC11-11-14-33">[31]</a> On 17 November, a warehouse used by ISIS was struck by CF-18s. It was believed to be a site for the construction of roadside bombs.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> On 19 November 2014, two CF-18s attacked ISIL positions northwest of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> On 27 November 2014, it was confirmed that Canadian jets had not performed any air strikes for several days, but continued to provide escort for coalition cargo flights.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> On 28 November, Canadian CF-18s supported Iraqi security force operations around <a href="/wiki/H%C4%ABt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hīt">Hīt</a> in Anbar Province, performing strikes against ISIL positions. On 30 November Canadian fighter jets struck ISIL forces southeast of <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> in an area controlled by the group.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Striking ISIL forces near Mosul, CF-18s from Canada attacked mortar positions and an armoured car.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Canadian CF-18s continued to partake in coalition attacks, striking ISIL positions consisting of two bunkers and two machine gun emplacement northeast of Mosul on 5 December.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Two CF-18s struck ISIL positions east of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al Qa'im</a>, destroying a bunker on 10 December. They were supported by a CP-140 Aurora performing reconnaissance.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> Airstrikes intensified later in December, with ISIL targets successfully struck on 17 December 19 December, 20 December,<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> 22 and 24 December.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Canadian airstrikes continued, attacking near Fallujah on 31 December.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2015">2015</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> Canadian aircraft attacked ISIL targets in two separate areas on 1 January 2015, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and around Al-Qa'im.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Canadian airstrikes continued, supporting coalition ground operations around <a href="/wiki/Haditha" title="Haditha">Haditha</a> on 8 January 2015 and near <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a> on 9 January. They supported coalition troops again on 10 January near Haditha and on 11 and 12 January south of Bayji.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> An airstrike on an ISIL position along a highway northwest of Mosul was performed on 21 January in support of efforts to retake the road. Claims that between 6 and 27 civilians were killed surfaced, which led to an investigation by the United States military. The claims were deemed not justifiable by the Canadian Armed Forces and was not investigated by that force.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> CF-18s continued to attack ISIL positions on 23 January, striking in conjunction with coalition ground forces northeast of Mosul. On 24 January, they attacked ISIL forces southeast of Mosul and on 25 January, supported ground operations northeast of Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> On 29 January, Canadian CF-18s attacked two ISIL positions and two vehicles. Following that on 30 January, they bombed an ISIL position northwest of Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> On 3 February, CF-18s bombed an ISIL explosives factory southwest of Mosul and on 5 February, Canadian jets struck an ISIL compound northwest of Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> On 6 February, attacks were made on ISIL positions northwest of Mosul. These were followed on 7 February with bombing missions on ISIL fighting positions northeast of Mosul and around Baiji.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> From 26 January to 12 February the RCAF performed 14 airstrikes in total.<a href="#cite_note-cbc4-51">[49]</a> After a break, Canadian strikes resumed on 24 February, hitting three targets north of Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> On 7 March, Canadian jets struck ISIL positions south of Kirkuk and on 8 March, hit sites southeast of Haditha.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> On 9 March, Canadian airstrikes continued, attacking sites west of Kirkuk.<a href="#cite_note-cjk-54">[52]</a> On 19 March, CF-18s hit a reported ISIL bomb-making factory near Kirkuk and struck ISIL positions east of Mosul on 20 March.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> On 4 April 2015, Canadian CF-18s hit an IED factory west of Mosul while supporting coalition operations.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> CF-18s attacked ISIL positions near <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> on 9 April.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> On 25 April, two CF-18s struck ISIL staging areas in Kharbani and on 26 April, hit fighting positions east and west of Fallujah.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> On 6 May, air strikes were made on ISIL positions north of Bayji, followed up by a strike against an ISIL bomb installation on 8 May southeast of Haditha. A CF-18 returned to Bayji on 9 May, hitting ISIL fighting positions.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> On 27 May, CF-18s struck an ISIL fighting position south of Mosul. Two days later, on 29 May, they attacked ISIL fighting positions northwest of <a href="/wiki/Tal_Afar" title="Tal Afar">Tal Afar</a> and northwest of Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> On 6 June, CF-18s hit ISIL fighting positions north of Bayji.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> 20 airstrikes were performed in June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-680news-62">[60]</a> In the four weeks leading up to 9 July, Canadian jets struck 18 times, the most recent coming on 5 July, when an ISIL fighting position was hit southeast of Fallujah.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> 30 airstrikes were performed in July.<a href="#cite_note-680news-62">[60]</a> 12 airstrikes were performed in August.<a href="#cite_note-680news-62">[60]</a> 10 airstrikes were performed in September.<a href="#cite_note-680news-62">[60]</a> As of October 2015, Canada had made 172 airstrikes against ISIL targets in Syria and Iraq, making up 2.3 percent of all Allied attacks since the onset of the war.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Between 19 October and 12 November 2015, the Canadian CF-18s performed 11 air strikes. On 5 November 2015, Canadian jets attacked ISIL positions around Sinjar in support of an Iraqi offensive to retake the city, as well as an ISIL position near the city of Tal Afar.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> On 15 November, Canadian aircraft performed an airstrike on ISIL positions near Haditha.<a href="#cite_note-cudmore1-18">[16]</a> In early December, Canadian aircraft supported efforts to recapture Ramadi from ISIL forces.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> On 17 December, two CF-18s participated in air support vs ISIL attacking forces during the <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineveh Plains Offensive">Nineveh Plains Offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Russian and Iraqi media reports surfaced soon after claiming that Canadian aircraft had been involved in a friendly fire incident with an Iraqi soldier near Fallujah on 18 December. Those reports were later denied by Canadian officials, stating that Canada did not send their aircraft in the vicinity of Fallujah on that date.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016">2016</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> On 1 January 2016, two CF-18s struck ISIL forces near Ramadi while supporting Iraqi ground efforts. The following day, four aircraft in two pairs attacked ISIL positions near Mosul.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> On 3 January, two strikes were committed against ISIL positions near Al-Baghdadi.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> On 14 January, CF-18s attacked an ISIL position near Tikrit.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> On 28 January, airstrikes were performed against targets northwest of Fallujah. Two days later, a fighting position northeast of Ramadi was hit by CF-18s.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> On 10 February, airstrikes against ISIL targets took place near Al Habbaniyah and north of Ramadi. On 14 February, an ISIL fighting position was attacked near Fallujah.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The CF-18s were withdrawn from the theatre on 15 February 2016. In total, the aircraft performed 1378 sorties, conducting 251 airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-support-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Syria">In Syria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Syria">edit</a>]</div> On 30 March 2015, the House of Commons voted to extend the mission to targets in Syria. No additional forces were announced. It was suggested that airstrikes into Syria could begin within a couple of days of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-cb1-20">[18]</a> Canadian airstrike operations in Syria began 8 April 2015. Two CF-18s attacked an ISIL garrison near <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>. The Canadian jets were joined by six US aircraft in the strike. Prior to the attack, Canadian aircraft had performed three sorties into Syrian airspace.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> On 20 May 2015, two Canadian jets bombed an ISIL staging area north of Raqqa.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> In June 2015, CF-18s attacked near <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a> in eastern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> In total, the Canadian jets performed five airstrikes in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-support-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_from_airstrikes">Withdrawal from airstrikes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Withdrawal from airstrikes">edit</a>]</div> On 20 October 2015, Prime Minister-designate <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> announced the impending withdrawal of Canadian air forces from the anti-ISIL mission in Iraq and Syria while keeping its ground forces in Iraq and Syria, and informed US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> about it.<a href="#cite_note-berthiaume1-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-79">[77]</a> In late November 2015, new Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the withdrawal of Canada's fighter aircraft from the fight against ISIL, but their surveillance and transport and refueling aircraft would remain in the area.<a href="#cite_note-barton1-21">[19]</a> All airstrikes by the Canadian fighter aircraft ended as of 15 February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-GovFeb16-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_support_operations">Air support operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Air support operations">edit</a>]</div> As of March 2019,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit">[update]</a> Canada had roughly six aircraft total in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> which are two <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">CC-130J Hercules</a> transport aircraft and up to four CH-146 Griffon helicopters. Canada's Hercules aircraft were used to support the movement of Coalition personal and cargo throughout the region. As of 17 February 2019,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit">[update]</a> The CC-130Js had flown a total of 1,852 sorties and had delivered roughly 4,428.6 t (9,763,300 lb) of cargo. The Griffons were used for carrying troops, equipment and supplies in theatre near Baghdad. The CH-146s are also capable of completing casualty evacuations with a variety of self-defence weapons fitted to the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Operation_Impact-80">[78]</a> As of 12 March 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/CC-150_Polaris" class="mw-redirect" title="CC-150 Polaris">CC-150 Polaris</a> aircraft had performed 399 sorties. In total, they delivered roughly 23,500,000 lb (10,700,000 kg) of fuel to allies.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> On 28 January 2019, the CC-150 aircraft from <a href="/wiki/437_Transport_Squadron" title="437 Transport Squadron">437 Transport Squadron</a> returned to 8 Wing at <a href="/wiki/CFB_Trenton" title="CFB Trenton">CFB Trenton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFMMAR19-23-82">[80]</a> Throughout their time deployed in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ali_Al_Salem_Air_Base" title="Ali Al Salem Air Base">Ali Al Salem Air Base</a>, they had completed a grand total of 1,116 sorties, had flown over 7,050 flying hours and delivered a total of 29,914.5 tonnes (65,950,200 lb) of fuel to Coalition aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Operation_Impact-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ground_operations">Ground operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ground operations">edit</a>]</div> Along with the aircraft, 69 special forces advisors were deployed as training advisors to Iraqi militaries. Their mission was to aid in the "planning of operations, train forces and to enable airstrikes, both in defence and on the offensive."<a href="#cite_note-cudmore1-18">[16]</a> However, in the initial motion that was approved by the House of Commons, it was stated that Canada would not deploy ground troops in combat operations.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> In 2014, it was reported that JTF-2 operators mentored their counterparts from the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2019114-84">[82]</a> On 16–17 December 2015, Canadian ground forces came under attack from ISIL ground units while training <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> fighters north of <a href="/wiki/Irbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Irbil">Irbil</a>. On 17 December, the Canadian troops supported the Peshmerga in its counterattack against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> While enabling airstrikes in support of Iraqi militaries, the troops exchanged fire with ISIL ground units.<a href="#cite_note-Campion-Smith-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-gm1-5">[5]</a> Although Canada's role is primarily advisory, as Canadian special forces troops were sent to observe the progress of Iraqi forces. They responded in defence with sniper fire against an ISIS mortar and machine gun attack.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The special forces provided by Canada engaged in two more firefights between 20 and 26 January. The troops came under attack and returned fire, ending the attacks on their positions.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Between 26 January and 12 February, Canadian ground troops came under fire once more, in similar circumstances as previous incidents.<a href="#cite_note-cbc4-51">[49]</a> On 6 March, a Canadian soldier, Sergeant Andrew Joseph Doiron was killed in a <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> incident by <a href="/wiki/Kurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurd">Kurdish</a> forces while returning to an observation post.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> The Canadian Armed Forces said that roughly 20% of their training missions with the Kurds take place at or near the front lines in the conflict, with the other 80% taking place well behind.<a href="#cite_note-cudmore1-18">[16]</a> As part of the Canadian reorganization of the operation, in February 2016, it was announced that the fighter aircraft would be withdrawn while tripling the number of military trainers provided by Canada for a total of 600 ground personnel.<a href="#cite_note-mas-23">[21]</a> In mid-May 2016, three Bell CH-146 Griffon helicopters from <a href="/wiki/427_Special_Operations_Aviation_Squadron" title="427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron">427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron</a> were deployed to support Canadian ground forces in Iraq. On 29 May 2016 Canadian special forces came under mortar fire from ISIL during a battle for villages 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Mosul. ISIL mortar fire had been directed at Kurdish targets around the Canadian staging base at Hassan Shami.<a href="#cite_note-pugmay16-24">[22]</a> 427 Special Operations Squadron was relieved by elements of <a href="/wiki/430_Tactical_Helicopter_Squadron" title="430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron">430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron</a> in October 2016 and an additional Bell CH-146 Griffon was deployed to the region.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> On 20 July, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a> announced that Canada was deploying a <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> in support of United States and French troops in their effort to retake Mosul. The hospital requires 60 personnel, however the Minister said that the number of committed to the overall operation would not climb. The hospital's deployment would be for one year.<a href="#cite_note-brewsterjul16-25">[23]</a> The four-bed hospital opened in November 2016 after delays by the Iraqi government.<a href="#cite_note-brew14nov-90">[88]</a> As of 8 September 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 596 Canadian personnel deployed in the mission, operating in four countries of which just over a quarter were taking part in special forces operations. Canadian troops were deploying to the front-line of battle more often and had exchanged fire with ISIS on multiple occasions.<a href="#cite_note-brewoct16-91">[89]</a> Canadian soldiers have opened fire without warning on ISIL targets "when the Peshmerga cannot respond."<a href="#cite_note-brew14nov-90">[88]</a> As of 15 November 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Canadian government had spent CA$3.5 million on the creation of a semi-permanent military camp at Irbil. The camp housed several units of the Canadian ground operation. Construction began in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-brew14nov-90">[88]</a> On 7 January 2020, the Canadian Armed Forces stated that they had paused Operation Impact operations after the United States assassinated the Iranian general <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> in Iraq earlier in the month, with some non-essential personnel being moved to Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> On 16 January it was announced the operations had resumed in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> voted on 7 October 2014 with 157 votes to approve Canadian airstrikes against ISIL with 134 votes against. After the vote, opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) said the government was "plunging Canada into a prolonged war without a credible plan to help victims of ISIL terror," and "opening the door" to getting Canada involved in the "bloody" Syrian civil war.<a href="#cite_note-CBC8Oc14-17">[15]</a> In the initial announcement of the decision, the special forces troops were not to be used for combat operations, instead be deployed in a primarily training mission. However, after the announcement that the troops had seen combat, the opposition defence critic, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Harris_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador_politician)" title="Jack Harris (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)">Jack Harris</a>, said that "if we're engaged in firefights because we're subject to machine-gun fire, that's not what Canadians were told."<a href="#cite_note-gm1-5">[5]</a> The Prime Minister's Office argued that highlighting targets for airstrikes does not equal combat operations.<a href="#cite_note-gm1-5">[5]</a> The cost of the operation for the first six months were announced by the new Defence Minister, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a>, stating it to be approximately $122 million.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> This claim was challenged by the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Budget_Officer" title="Parliamentary Budget Officer">Parliamentary Budget Officer</a> (PBO), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Denis_Fr%C3%A9chette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Denis Fréchette (page does not exist)">Jean-Denis Fréchette</a>, who put forth that the cost was between $128.8 and $166 million.<a href="#cite_note-pbo1-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-pbo2-96">[94]</a> However this analysis was affected by the Department of National Defence refusing all PBO requests for information, and was based on analogy and known costing factors,<a href="#cite_note-pbo1-95">[93]</a> extrapolating from past missions and operations.<a href="#cite_note-pbo2-96">[94]</a> The possibility of extending the mission was put forth in the House of Commons on 12 March 2015; however, the government said that there would be no increase in the deployment of ground forces.<a href="#cite_note-cjk-54">[52]</a> On 30 March, the House of Commons voted to extend the mission into Syria, to attack ISIL targets operating from and in that country. The NDP attempted to amend the vote, saying that the intervention into Syria was illegal under international law, but those amendments failed and the main vote passed 142–129.<a href="#cite_note-cb1-20">[18]</a> On 1 April, Kenney announced the cost of the extended mission, claiming an additional $406 million for the extra year and expanded operational zone.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> Following his election on 19 October 2015, Prime Minister-Designate Justin Trudeau used a congratulatory phone call from the US President Barack Obama to inform him that Canada would eliminate its air combat role in Iraq and Syria, while maintaining the presence of its ground forces.<a href="#cite_note-berthiaume1-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-79">[77]</a> This was later amended with only the fighter element being withdrawn. The Polaris, Auroras and transport aircraft remained in support of allies.<a href="#cite_note-barton1-21">[19]</a> This move was criticized by the new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> Official Opposition,<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> with one of its members claiming it was a "weak response" to ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-barton1-21">[19]</a> The Canadian Armed Forces estimated $305.8 million in costs for the operation in 2016 and budgeted $41.9 million for 2017–2018.<a href="#cite_note-brewoct16-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISIL_response_in_Canada">ISIL response in Canada</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ISIL response in Canada">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Muhammad Al-Adnani</a> incited and advocated for a campaign of terror against both Canadian civilians and military personnel. He performed a 42-minute speech in September 2014 that called on Muslims to attack members of the coalition against ISIL, including, among others, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> On 20 October 2014, Martin Couture-Rouleau who referred to himself as "Ahmad LeConverti" (Ahmad the Converted) struck two Canadian soldiers with his car in <a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint Jean sur Richelieu, Quebec</a>. Warrant Officer <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrice Vincent">Patrice Vincent</a>, later died in hospital. Rouleau had converted to Islam in 2013; and, as he made known through comments published in his social media online accounts and via interactions with friends and family, Rouleau progressively became increasingly extremist in his views. Concerned that Rouleau intended to act on his extremist rants, the Crown had ordered Rouleau's passport seized earlier in July 2014 on the completion of an act in furtherance, wherein Rouleau had been intercepted trying to travel to Turkey, utilizing a common entry point for ISIL operatives. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP), however, did not have enough further evidence to constitutionally justify detaining Rouleau.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> Rouleau was fatally wounded by police constables of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Sûreté du Québec">Sûreté du Québec</a> following a car chase. Rouleau appeared to have acted of his own accord as a 'lone rat' (that is, consistent with and in furtherance of known ISIL political views but without provable direct and overt conspiracy with ISIL).<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> On 22 October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Zehaf-Bibeau" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Zehaf-Bibeau">Michael Zehaf-Bibeau</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/2014_shootings_at_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa" title="2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa">fatally shot</a> reservist Corporal <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cirillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Cirillo">Nathan Cirillo</a> as he stood as an Honour Guard at the National War Memorial. After shooting Cirillo, Bibeau advanced towards the Parliament buildings, where caucus meetings of the main political parties were being conducted. He shot a guard in the leg and was chased down the Hall of Honour past rooms where <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament#Canada" title="Member of parliament">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) were meeting. The MPs barricaded the doors as a violent gunfight ensued. Bibeau was shot dead by House of Commons <a href="/wiki/Sergeant-at-Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant-at-Arms">Sergeant-at-Arms</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Vickers" title="Kevin Vickers">Kevin Vickers</a> in the Hall of Honour of the Centre Block.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Zehaf-Bibeau had a lengthy criminal record of criminal activity in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Although police detected no provable conspiracy between Zehauf-Bibeau and ISIL (and therefore in that narrow legal sense, Zehauf-Bibeau could only be deemed to have acted alone) Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> explained in a televised address after the attack that it remained the position of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-in-Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-in-Council">Governor-in-Council</a> that the attacks were motivated to assist ISIL in response to Operation Impact.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> On 3 February 2015, the RCMP apprehended a member of an ISIL recruiting cell.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Awso Peshdary was arrested for conducting the operations of the cell. Fellow cell members John Maguire and Khadar Khalib were charged in absentia as they are fighting for ISIL overseas. ISIL produced a video of McGuire urging supporters in Canada to commit acts of terror.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Operation Okra</a> - Australian operation against ISIL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Opération Chammal</a> - French operation against ISIL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Operation Shader</a> - UK operation against ISIL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a> - US operation against ISIL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Operation Martyr Yalçın">Operation Martyr Yalçın</a> - Turkish operation against ISIL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Rosenberg" title="Gill Rosenberg">Gill Rosenberg</a> - one of a few Canadians volunteering to fight with the Kurds</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> after 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> before 2015 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-launches-first-airstrikes-on-isis-in-iraq-1.2083560">"Canada launches first airstrikes on ISIS targets in northern Iraq"</a>. CTV News. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Canada+launches+first+airstrikes+on+ISIS+targets+in+northern+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fcanada-launches-first-airstrikes-on-isis-in-iraq-1.2083560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2014" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (2 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/11/02/canadian_warplanes_launch_first_air_strike_in_iraq.html">"Canadian warplanes launch first airstrike in Iraq"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Canadian+warplanes+launch+first+airstrike+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-11-02&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2014%2F11%2F02%2Fcanadian_warplanes_launch_first_air_strike_in_iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castanet.net/edition/news-story-126032-4-.htm">"First Canadian airstrikes in Iraq"</a>. Castanet.net. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Canadian+airstrikes+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Castanet.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.castanet.net%2Fedition%2Fnews-story-126032-4-.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campion-Smith-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campion-Smith_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campion-Smith_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampion-Smith2015" class="citation news cs1">Campion-Smith, Bruce (19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/01/19/canadian-soldiers-get-into-firefight-in-iraq.html">"Canadian soldiers get into firefight in Iraq"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Canadian+soldiers+get+into+firefight+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Campion-Smith&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fcanadian-soldiers-get-into-firefight-in-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gm1-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gm1_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm1_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm1_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gm1_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2015" class="citation news cs1">Chase, Steven (19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-special-forces-guiding-missile-strikes-in-iraq/article22523577/">"Mission creep concerns raised in Canadian fight against Islamic State"</a>. Globe and Mail. Retrieved 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Mission+creep+concerns+raised+in+Canadian+fight+against+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-special-forces-guiding-missile-strikes-in-iraq%2Farticle22523577%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40372403">"Canadian sniper 'kills IS militant two miles away'"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+sniper+%27kills+IS+militant+two+miles+away%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-40372403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbc.co.uk/world-news/isis-leader-al-qurayshi-killed-in-us-special-forces-raid/">"ISIS leader al-Qurayshi dies in suicide blast alongside six children in US raid"</a>. LBC. 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LBC&rft.atitle=ISIS+leader+al-Qurayshi+dies+in+suicide+blast+alongside+six+children+in+US+raid&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbc.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2Fisis-leader-al-qurayshi-killed-in-us-special-forces-raid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50200339">"Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi: IS leader 'killed in US operation' in Syria"</a>. BBC News. 27 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Abu+Bakr+al-Baghdadi%3A+IS+leader+%27killed+in+US+operation%27+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-50200339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deputy_leader_assumes_command_of_ISIL-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Deputy_leader_assumes_command_of_ISIL_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel2015" class="citation news cs1">Engel, Pamela (23 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/report-a-former-physics-teacher-is-now-leading-isis-2015-4">"Report: A former physics teacher favored by Osama bin Laden is now leading ISIS"</a>. Business Insider. Retrieved 29 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Report%3A+A+former+physics+teacher+favored+by+Osama+bin+Laden+is+now+leading+ISIS&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Freport-a-former-physics-teacher-is-now-leading-isis-2015-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Personal-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Personal_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inherentresolve.mil/About-Us/Coalition/Coalition-Display/Article/690716/canada">"Operation Inherent Resolve - Canada"</a>. Operation Inherent Resolve. Retrieved 21 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operation+Inherent+Resolve&rft.atitle=Operation+Inherent+Resolve+-+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inherentresolve.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FCoalition%2FCoalition-Display%2FArticle%2F690716%2Fcanada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFMDEC14-13"><a href="#cite_ref-AFMDEC14_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/AirForces_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="AirForces Monthly">AirForces Monthly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford, Lincolnshire</a>, England: <a href="/wiki/Key_Publishing" title="Key Publishing">Key Publishing Ltd</a>. December 2014. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AirForces+Monthly&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Lincolnshire%2C+England&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Key+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2014-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_ForcesNational_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_Forces-14"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_ForcesNational_Defence_/_Canadian_Armed_Forces_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CH-146_Griffon" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?crtr.sj1D=&crtr.mnthndVl=6&mthd=advSrch&crtr.dpt1D=6670&nid=1068259&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.tp1D=1&crtr.yrStrtVl=2016&crtr.kw=&crtr.dyStrtVl=1&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=1&crtr.page=2&crtr.yrndVl=2016&crtr.dyndVl=3">"Canadian Armed Forces expands contribution to Global Coalition to defeat ISIL"</a>. Government of Canada. National Defence / Canadian Armed Forces. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+Armed+Forces+expands+contribution+to+Global+Coalition+to+defeat+ISIL&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gc.ca%2Fweb%2Farticle-en.do%3Fcrtr.sj1D%3D%26crtr.mnthndVl%3D6%26mthd%3DadvSrch%26crtr.dpt1D%3D6670%26nid%3D1068259%26crtr.lc1D%3D%26crtr.tp1D%3D1%26crtr.yrStrtVl%3D2016%26crtr.kw%3D%26crtr.dyStrtVl%3D1%26crtr.aud1D%3D%26crtr.mnthStrtVl%3D1%26crtr.page%3D2%26crtr.yrndVl%3D2016%26crtr.dyndVl%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page">"Operation Impact"</a>. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Impact&rft.pub=National+Defence+and+the+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Foperations-abroad-current%2Fop-impact.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatPost3Oct-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NatPost3Oct_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatPost3Oct_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatPost3Oct_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/isis-motion-calls-for-air-strikes-no-troops-in-iraq">"Harper announces plan to send CF-18s to bomb ISIS in Iraq"</a>. National Post. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harper+announces+plan+to+send+CF-18s+to+bomb+ISIS+in+Iraq&rft.pub=National+Post&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-politics%2Fisis-motion-calls-for-air-strikes-no-troops-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC8Oc14-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBC8Oc14_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBC8Oc14_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBC8Oc14_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-mission-mps-approve-canada-s-air-combat-role-1.2790189">"ISIS mission: MPs approve Canada's air combat role"</a>. CBC News. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+mission%3A+MPs+approve+Canada%27s+air+combat+role&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-mission-mps-approve-canada-s-air-combat-role-1.2790189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cudmore1-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cudmore1_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cudmore1_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cudmore1_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cudmore1_18-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCudmore2015" class="citation news cs1">Cudmore, James (16 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/special-forces-isis-iraq-combat-1.3318451">"There are signs Canadian commandos are battling ISIS in northern Iraq"</a>. Retrieved 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=There+are+signs+Canadian+commandos+are+battling+ISIS+in+northern+Iraq&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft.aulast=Cudmore&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fspecial-forces-isis-iraq-combat-1.3318451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page">"Operation Impact"</a>. Canadian National Defence and Canadian Armed Forces. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Impact&rft.pub=Canadian+National+Defence+and+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Foperations-abroad-current%2Fop-impact.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cb1-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cb1_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb1_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cb1_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-mission-mps-pass-motion-to-support-extension-1.3014511">"ISIS mission: MPs pass motion to support extension"</a>. CBC News. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+mission%3A+MPs+pass+motion+to+support+extension&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-mission-mps-pass-motion-to-support-extension-1.3014511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-barton1-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barton1_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-barton1_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-barton1_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-barton1_21-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2015" class="citation news cs1">Barton, Rosemary (26 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/government-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186">"Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+to+pull+fighter+jets%2C+keep+other+military+planes+in+ISIS+fight&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgovernment-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovFeb16-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GovFeb16_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovFeb16_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314224918/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1034599">"Canadian Armed Forces cease airstrike operations in Iraq and Syria"</a>. Government of Canada. 17 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?nid=1034599">the original</a> on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Armed+Forces+cease+airstrike+operations+in+Iraq+and+Syria&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gc.ca%2Fweb%2Farticle-en.do%3Fnid%3D1034599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mas-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mas_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mas_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas2016" class="citation news cs1">Mas, Susana (8 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279">"Canada to cease ISIS airstrikes by Feb. 22, triple training forces Justin Trudeau says"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 8 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canada+to+cease+ISIS+airstrikes+by+Feb.+22%2C+triple+training+forces+Justin+Trudeau+says&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft.aulast=Mas&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fjustin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pugmay16-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pugmay16_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pugmay16_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (31 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/canadian-special-forces-under-fire-in-iraq-battle-try-to-save-life-of-wounded-kurdish-general">"Canadian special forces under fire in Iraq battle, try to save life of wounded Kurdish general"</a>. National Post. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Canadian+special+forces+under+fire+in+Iraq+battle%2C+try+to+save+life+of+wounded+Kurdish+general&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fcanadian-special-forces-under-fire-in-iraq-battle-try-to-save-life-of-wounded-kurdish-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brewsterjul16-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brewsterjul16_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brewsterjul16_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2016" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (20 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/field-hospital-mosul-iraq-liberation-isis-1.3687740">"Canada to take part in Iraqi city of Mosul's liberation from ISIS with field hospital"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 20 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canada+to+take+part+in+Iraqi+city+of+Mosul%27s+liberation+from+ISIS+with+field+hospital&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffield-hospital-mosul-iraq-liberation-isis-1.3687740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevunts2021" class="citation web cs1">Sevunts, Levon (31 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2021/03/31/canada-extends-anti-isis-mission-funds-projects-in-iraq-and-syria/">"Canada extends anti-ISIS mission, funds projects in Iraq and Syria"</a>. Radio Canada International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Canada+International&rft.atitle=Canada+extends+anti-ISIS+mission%2C+funds+projects+in+Iraq+and+Syria&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft.aulast=Sevunts&rft.aufirst=Levon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcinet.ca%2Fen%2F2021%2F03%2F31%2Fcanada-extends-anti-isis-mission-funds-projects-in-iraq-and-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume" class="citation web cs1">Berthiaume, Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8726763/canada-military-mission-iraq/">"Canada extends military mission in Iraq for another year"</a>. Global News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 1 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Canada+extends+military+mission+in+Iraq+for+another+year&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8726763%2Fcanada-military-mission-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefence2023" class="citation web cs1">Defence, National (27 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/03/defence-minister-anita-anand-announces-extension-of-operation-impact.html">"Defence Minister Anita Anand announces extension of Operation IMPACT"</a>. www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Defence+Minister+Anita+Anand+announces+extension+of+Operation+IMPACT&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.aulast=Defence&rft.aufirst=National&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fnews%2F2023%2F03%2Fdefence-minister-anita-anand-announces-extension-of-operation-impact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-sending-special-ops-personnel-to-iraq-1.1992540">"Canada sending special ops personnel to Iraq"</a>. CTV News. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada+sending+special+ops+personnel+to+Iraq&rft.pub=CTV+News&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fcanada-sending-special-ops-personnel-to-iraq-1.1992540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/1566794/canada-sends-69-special-forces-to-iraq-to-advise-in-fight-against-isis/">"Canada sends 69 special forces to Iraq to advise in fight against ISIS"</a>. Global News. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada+sends+69+special+forces+to+Iraq+to+advise+in+fight+against+ISIS&rft.pub=Global+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F1566794%2Fcanada-sends-69-special-forces-to-iraq-to-advise-in-fight-against-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/canada-to-include-syria-in-bombing-raids-against-isil">"Questions remain as Stephen Harper unveils government's plan to bomb ISIL in Syria"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Questions+remain+as+Stephen+Harper+unveils+government%27s+plan+to+bomb+ISIL+in+Syria&rft.pub=Ottawa+Citizen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-to-include-syria-in-bombing-raids-against-isil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-mission-canadian-cf-18s-drop-laser-guided-bombs-over-iraq-1.2821425">"ISIS mission: Canadian CF-18s drop laser-guided bombs over Iraq"</a>. CBC News. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+mission%3A+Canadian+CF-18s+drop+laser-guided+bombs+over+Iraq&rft.date=2014-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-mission-canadian-cf-18s-drop-laser-guided-bombs-over-iraq-1.2821425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC11-11-14-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBC11-11-14_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBC11-11-14_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-weapons-hit-by-cf-18-jets-in-northern-iraq-dnd-says-1.2831514">"ISIS weapons hit by CF-18 jets in northern Iraq, DND says"</a>. CBC News. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+weapons+hit+by+CF-18+jets+in+northern+Iraq%2C+DND+says&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-weapons-hit-by-cf-18-jets-in-northern-iraq-dnd-says-1.2831514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (18 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/four-cf-18s-take-part-in-attack-on-suspected-isil-bomb-factory">"Four CF-18s take part in attack on suspected ISIL bomb factory"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Four+CF-18s+take+part+in+attack+on+suspected+ISIL+bomb+factory&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Ffour-cf-18s-take-part-in-attack-on-suspected-isil-bomb-factory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (19 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-attack-isil-ground-positions-near-kirkuk-iraq">"CF-18s attack ISIL ground positions near Kirkuk, Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+attack+ISIL+ground+positions+near+Kirkuk%2C+Iraq&rft.date=2014-11-19&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-attack-isil-ground-positions-near-kirkuk-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (27 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/rcaf-cf-18s-have-little-to-do-in-iraq-war-is-canadas-air-campaign-worth-the-expense">"RCAF CF-18s have little to do in Iraq war – is Canada's air campaign worth the expense?"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 2 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=RCAF+CF-18s+have+little+to+do+in+Iraq+war+%E2%80%93+is+Canada%27s+air+campaign+worth+the+expense%3F&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Frcaf-cf-18s-have-little-to-do-in-iraq-war-is-canadas-air-campaign-worth-the-expense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (2 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-bomb-isil-positions-outside-mosul-as-well-as-near-the-city-of-hit">"CF-18s bomb ISIL positions outside Mosul as well as near the city of Hit"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 4 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+bomb+ISIL+positions+outside+Mosul+as+well+as+near+the+city+of+Hit&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-bomb-isil-positions-outside-mosul-as-well-as-near-the-city-of-hit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2014" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Hal (4 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ottawasun.com/2014/12/04/canadian-fighters-bomb-more-islamic-state-positions-in-iraq">"Canadian fighters bomb more Islamic State positions in Iraq"</a>. Ottawa Sun. Retrieved 10 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Sun&rft.atitle=Canadian+fighters+bomb+more+Islamic+State+positions+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ottawasun.com%2F2014%2F12%2F04%2Fcanadian-fighters-bomb-more-islamic-state-positions-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (9 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-hit-machine-gun-emplacement-and-bunkers-but-isil-holds-on-to-its-territory">"CF-18s hit machine gun emplacement and bunkers but ISIL holds on to its territory"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 10 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+hit+machine+gun+emplacement+and+bunkers+but+ISIL+holds+on+to+its+territory&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-hit-machine-gun-emplacement-and-bunkers-but-isil-holds-on-to-its-territory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2014" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (11 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/two-cf-18s-attack-isil-target-in-iraq-and-destroy-a-bunker">"Two CF-18s attack ISIL target in Iraq and destroy a bunker"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Two+CF-18s+attack+ISIL+target+in+Iraq+and+destroy+a+bunker&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Ftwo-cf-18s-attack-isil-target-in-iraq-and-destroy-a-bunker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact-airstrikes.page">"Operation Impact – Air Task Force-Iraq airstrikes"</a>. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. 18 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Impact+%E2%80%93+Air+Task+Force-Iraq+airstrikes&rft.pub=National+Defence+and+the+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Foperations-abroad-current%2Fop-impact-airstrikes.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation web cs1">Pugliese, David (1 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-attack-isil-positions-west-of-fallujah">"CF-18s attack ISIL positions west of Fallujah"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+attack+ISIL+positions+west+of+Fallujah&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-attack-isil-positions-west-of-fallujah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation web cs1">Pugliese, David (3 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-attack-more-targets-in-iraq">"CF-18s attack more targets in Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+attack+more+targets+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-attack-more-targets-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/update-on-rcaf-bombing-raids-against-targets-in-iraq">"Update on RCAF bombing raids against targets in Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 14 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Update+on+RCAF+bombing+raids+against+targets+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fupdate-on-rcaf-bombing-raids-against-targets-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2015" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (15 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/canadian-jets-hammer-targets-as-isil-launches-offensive-in-two-iraqi-provinces-288738981.html">"Canadian jets hammer targets as ISIL launches offensive in two Iraqi provinces"</a>. Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Canadian+jets+hammer+targets+as+ISIL+launches+offensive+in+two+Iraqi+provinces&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-jets-hammer-targets-as-isil-launches-offensive-in-two-iraqi-provinces-288738981.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawaFortuneBdiwe2015" class="citation news cs1">Sawa, Timothy; Fortune, Lynette; Bdiwe, Ghalia (3 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/up-to-27-iraqi-civilians-may-have-been-killed-in-canadian-airstrike-pentagon-document-reveals-1.3213917">"Up to 27 Iraqi civilians may have been killed in Canadian airstrike, Pentagon document reveals"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Up+to+27+Iraqi+civilians+may+have+been+killed+in+Canadian+airstrike%2C+Pentagon+document+reveals&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft.aulast=Sawa&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Fortune%2C+Lynette&rft.au=Bdiwe%2C+Ghalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fup-to-27-iraqi-civilians-may-have-been-killed-in-canadian-airstrike-pentagon-document-reveals-1.3213917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (26 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18-attacks-a-isil-ground-position-northwest-of-mosul">"Update on CF-18 attacks on ISIL positions"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 26 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Update+on+CF-18+attacks+on+ISIL+positions&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18-attacks-a-isil-ground-position-northwest-of-mosul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (2 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/isil-mortar-two-fighting-positions-and-two-vehicles-bombed-by-cf-18s">"ISIL mortar, two fighting positions and two vehicles bombed by CF-18s"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 3 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=ISIL+mortar%2C+two+fighting+positions+and+two+vehicles+bombed+by+CF-18s&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fisil-mortar-two-fighting-positions-and-two-vehicles-bombed-by-cf-18s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (5 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/isil-compound-and-ied-factory-bombed-by-cf-18s">"SIL compound and IED factory bombed by CF-18s"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 5 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=SIL+compound+and+IED+factory+bombed+by+CF-18s&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fisil-compound-and-ied-factory-bombed-by-cf-18s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (10 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18-fighter-jets-bomb-three-more-targets-in-iraq">"CF-18 fighter jets bomb three more targets in Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18+fighter+jets+bomb+three+more+targets+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-02-10&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18-fighter-jets-bomb-three-more-targets-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbc4-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbc4_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbc4_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadians-trade-fire-with-isis-as-military-waits-on-possible-extension-1.2955157">"Canadians trade fire with ISIS as military waits on possible extension"</a>. CBC News. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canadians+trade+fire+with+ISIS+as+military+waits+on+possible+extension&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadians-trade-fire-with-isis-as-military-waits-on-possible-extension-1.2955157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (28 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-hit-targets-north-of-mosul">"CF-18s hit targets north of Mosul"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 28 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+hit+targets+north+of+Mosul&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-hit-targets-north-of-mosul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/canadian-fighters-strike-at-iraq-targets-u-s-general-worries-about-sustainability-of-coalition">"Canadian fighters strike at Iraq targets, U.S. general worries about Iraqi governance"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 12 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Canadian+fighters+strike+at+Iraq+targets%2C+U.S.+general+worries+about+Iraqi+governance&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcanadian-fighters-strike-at-iraq-targets-u-s-general-worries-about-sustainability-of-coalition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cjk-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cjk_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cjk_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-mission-jason-kenney-says-extending-iraq-mandate-won-t-add-troops-1.2991781">"ISIS mission: Jason Kenney says extending Iraq mandate won't add troops"</a>. CBC News. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+mission%3A+Jason+Kenney+says+extending+Iraq+mandate+won%27t+add+troops&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-mission-jason-kenney-says-extending-iraq-mandate-won-t-add-troops-1.2991781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2015/03/20/canadian-cf-18s-bomb-isis-targets-as-military-mum-on-probes-into-friendly-fire-death/">"Canadian CF-18s bomb ISIS targets as military mum on probes into friendly fire death"</a>. National Post. Canadian Press. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Canadian+CF-18s+bomb+ISIS+targets+as+military+mum+on+probes+into+friendly+fire+death&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2015%2F03%2F20%2Fcanadian-cf-18s-bomb-isis-targets-as-military-mum-on-probes-into-friendly-fire-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (5 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/ied-factory-in-iraq-bombed-by-cf-18s">"IED factory in Iraq bombed by CF-18s"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=IED+factory+in+Iraq+bombed+by+CF-18s&rft.date=2015-04-05&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fied-factory-in-iraq-bombed-by-cf-18s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (10 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-conduct-airstrike-near-sinjar-iraq">"CF-18s conduct airstrike near Sinjar, Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 16 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+conduct+airstrike+near+Sinjar%2C+Iraq&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-conduct-airstrike-near-sinjar-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (28 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/more-isil-targets-hit-by-cf-18s">"More ISIL targets hit by CF-18s"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 29 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=More+ISIL+targets+hit+by+CF-18s&rft.date=2015-04-28&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fmore-isil-targets-hit-by-cf-18s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation web cs1">Pugliese, David (11 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-hit-new-targets-in-iraq">"CF-18s hit new targets in Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 12 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+hit+new+targets+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-hit-new-targets-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (31 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/iraqi-troops-abandoned-thousands-of-vehicles-in-retreat-cf-18s-bomb-new-targets">"Iraqi troops abandoned thousands of vehicles in retreat; CF-18s bomb new targets"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=Iraqi+troops+abandoned+thousands+of+vehicles+in+retreat%3B+CF-18s+bomb+new+targets&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Firaqi-troops-abandoned-thousands-of-vehicles-in-retreat-cf-18s-bomb-new-targets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (8 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-attack-islamic-state-position-on-the-weekend-britain-to-send-more-military-trainers-to-iraq">"CF-18s attack Islamic State position on the weekend, Britain to send more military trainers to Iraq"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=CF-18s+attack+Islamic+State+position+on+the+weekend%2C+Britain+to+send+more+military+trainers+to+Iraq&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-attack-islamic-state-position-on-the-weekend-britain-to-send-more-military-trainers-to-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-680news-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-680news_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-680news_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-680news_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-680news_62-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2015" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (2 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.680news.com/2015/10/02/fewer-canadian-bombs-dropping-on-iraq-syria-since-election-call-statistics/">"Fewer Canadian bombs dropping on Iraq, Syria since election call: statistics"</a>. 680 News. Canadian Press. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=680+News&rft.atitle=Fewer+Canadian+bombs+dropping+on+Iraq%2C+Syria+since+election+call%3A+statistics&rft.date=2015-10-02&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.680news.com%2F2015%2F10%2F02%2Ffewer-canadian-bombs-dropping-on-iraq-syria-since-election-call-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCharles2015" class="citation news cs1">MacCharles, Tonda (9 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/07/09/canada-intensifies-air-campaign-in-iraq.html">"Canada intensifies air campaign in Iraq"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Canada+intensifies+air+campaign+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft.aulast=MacCharles&rft.aufirst=Tonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2015%2F07%2F09%2Fcanada-intensifies-air-campaign-in-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume2015" class="citation news cs1">Berthiaume, Lee (7 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/canada-has-attacked-inside-syria-four-times-since-march">"Canada has attacked inside Syria four times since March"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Canada+has+attacked+inside+Syria+four+times+since+March&rft.date=2015-10-07&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-has-attacked-inside-syria-four-times-since-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2015" class="citation news cs1">Chase, Steven (12 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canadian-jets-continue-to-bomb-islamic-state-after-trudeaus-election-win/article27235454/">"Canadian jets continue to bomb Islamic State after Trudeau win"</a>. Globe and Mail. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canadian+jets+continue+to+bomb+Islamic+State+after+Trudeau+win&rft.date=2015-11-12&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-jets-continue-to-bomb-islamic-state-after-trudeaus-election-win%2Farticle27235454%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (11 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/canadian-cf-18s-supporting-iraqi-efforts-to-retake-ramadi">"Canadian CF-18s supporting Iraqi efforts to retake Ramadi"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Canadian+CF-18s+supporting+Iraqi+efforts+to+retake+Ramadi&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-cf-18s-supporting-iraqi-efforts-to-retake-ramadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2015" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (17 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/17/canada-isil-kurds_n_8833312.html">"Canadian Warplanes Help Blunt Major ISIL Offensive"</a>. The Huffington Post Canada. Canadian Press. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post+Canada&rft.atitle=Canadian+Warplanes+Help+Blunt+Major+ISIL+Offensive&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2015%2F12%2F17%2Fcanada-isil-kurds_n_8833312.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevunts2015" class="citation news cs1">Sevunts, Levon (21 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2015/12/21/canadian-cf-18-did-not-bomb-iraqi-soldiers-dnd/">"Canadian CF-18 did not bomb Iraqi soldiers: DND"</a>. Radio Canada International. Retrieved 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Canada+International&rft.atitle=Canadian+CF-18+did+not+bomb+Iraqi+soldiers%3A+DND&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.aulast=Sevunts&rft.aufirst=Levon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcinet.ca%2Fen%2F2015%2F12%2F21%2Fcanadian-cf-18-did-not-bomb-iraqi-soldiers-dnd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canadian-new-years-airstrikes-1.3387459">"Canadian fighter jets strike ISIS targets in Iraq"</a>. The Canadian Press. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+fighter+jets+strike+ISIS+targets+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-new-years-airstrikes-1.3387459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (6 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/rcaf-cf-18s-drop-32-smart-bombs-over-30-day-period">"RCAF CF-18s drop 32 smart bombs over 30-day period"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 18 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=RCAF+CF-18s+drop+32+smart+bombs+over+30-day+period&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Frcaf-cf-18s-drop-32-smart-bombs-over-30-day-period&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/cf-18s-attack-isil-target-northeast-of-tikrit">"CF-18s attack ISIL target northeast of Tikrit"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 18 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=CF-18s+attack+ISIL+target+northeast+of+Tikrit&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fcf-18s-attack-isil-target-northeast-of-tikrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (2 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/update-cf-18-airstrikes-on-islamic-state">"Update – CF-18 airstrikes on Islamic State"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Update+%E2%80%93+CF-18+airstrikes+on+Islamic+State&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fupdate-cf-18-airstrikes-on-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (15 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/iraq-war-update-cf-18s-bomb-islamic-state-position-on-the-weekend">"Iraq war update: CF-18s bomb Islamic State fighting position on the weekend"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Iraq+war+update%3A+CF-18s+bomb+Islamic+State+fighting+position+on+the+weekend&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Firaq-war-update-cf-18s-bomb-islamic-state-position-on-the-weekend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-support-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-support_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-support_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAir_Task_Force_-_Iraq_Public_Affairs2016" class="citation web cs1">Air Task Force - Iraq Public Affairs (5 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085931/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/news/article.page?doc=air-task-force-iraq-transitions-its-support-to-coalition-operations-during-operation-impact%2Fildchscn">"Air Task Force – Iraq transitions its support to Coalition operations during Operation Impact"</a>. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/news/article.page?doc=air-task-force-iraq-transitions-its-support-to-coalition-operations-during-operation-impact/ildchscn">the original</a> on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Task+Force+%E2%80%93+Iraq+transitions+its+support+to+Coalition+operations+during+Operation+Impact&rft.pub=National+Defence+and+the+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2016-03-05&rft.au=Air+Task+Force+-+Iraq+Public+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticle.page%3Fdoc%3Dair-task-force-iraq-transitions-its-support-to-coalition-operations-during-operation-impact%2Fildchscn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-mission-canada-conducts-1st-airstrike-in-syria-1.3025559">"ISIS mission: Canada conducts 1st airstrike in Syria"</a>. CBC News. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+mission%3A+Canada+conducts+1st+airstrike+in+Syria&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-mission-canada-conducts-1st-airstrike-in-syria-1.3025559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/rcaf-drops-bombs-in-syria-iraq-turns-to-russia-for-military-help-in-fighting-islamic-state">"RCAF drops bombs in Syria, Iraq turns to Russia for military help in fighting Islamic State"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 22 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=RCAF+drops+bombs+in+Syria%2C+Iraq+turns+to+Russia+for+military+help+in+fighting+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Frcaf-drops-bombs-in-syria-iraq-turns-to-russia-for-military-help-in-fighting-islamic-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2015" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (12 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/rcaf-not-co-ordinating-airstrikes-with-syrian-military-says-general">"RCAF not co-ordinating airstrikes with Syrian military, says general"</a>. Defence Watch. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 16 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Watch&rft.atitle=RCAF+not+co-ordinating+airstrikes+with+Syrian+military%2C+says+general&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Frcaf-not-co-ordinating-airstrikes-with-syrian-military-says-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-berthiaume1-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berthiaume1_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-berthiaume1_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthiaume2015" class="citation news cs1">Berthiaume, Lee (20 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadian-politics/justin-trudeau-says-he-told-obama-he-will-pull-out-of-air-war-against-isil-and-obamas-ok-with-it">"Justin Trudeau says he told Obama he will pull out of air war against ISIL. And Obama's OK with it"</a>. National Post. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+says+he+told+Obama+he+will+pull+out+of+air+war+against+ISIL.+And+Obama%27s+OK+with+it&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcanadian-politics%2Fjustin-trudeau-says-he-told-obama-he-will-pull-out-of-air-war-against-isil-and-obamas-ok-with-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34589250">"Canada to withdraw fighter jets from Syria and Iraq strikes"</a>. BBC News. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Canada+to+withdraw+fighter+jets+from+Syria+and+Iraq+strikes&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-34589250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Operation_Impact-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Operation_Impact_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Operation_Impact_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/operation-impact.html">"Operation Impact"</a>. Government of Canada. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Impact&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fservices%2Foperations%2Fmilitary-operations%2Fcurrent-operations%2Foperation-impact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085419/http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page">"Operation Impact"</a>. National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. 14 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page">the original</a> on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Impact&rft.pub=National+Defence+and+the+Canadian+Armed+Forces&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forces.gc.ca%2Fen%2Foperations-abroad-current%2Fop-impact.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFMMAR19-23-82"><a href="#cite_ref-AFMMAR19-23_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/AirForces_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="AirForces Monthly">AirForces Monthly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford, Lincolnshire</a>, England: <a href="/wiki/Key_Publishing" title="Key Publishing">Key Publishing Ltd</a>. March 2019. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AirForces+Monthly&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Lincolnshire%2C+England&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Key+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2019-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-text-of-government-s-motion-on-canada-s-mission-1.2786745">"ISIS: Text of government's motion on Canada's mission"</a>. CBC News. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS%3A+Text+of+government%27s+motion+on+Canada%27s+mission&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-text-of-government-s-motion-on-canada-s-mission-1.2786745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2019114-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeville2019114_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeville2019">Neville 2019</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-iraq-isis-offensive-1.3370820">"Canadian forces strike back against ISIS offensive in northern Iraq"</a>. CBC News. Canadian Press. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canadian+forces+strike+back+against+ISIS+offensive+in+northern+Iraq&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-iraq-isis-offensive-1.3370820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayton2015" class="citation news cs1">Payton, Laura (19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-fight-canadian-special-forces-returned-fire-in-last-week-1.2917777">"ISIS fight: Canadian special forces returned fire last week"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 20 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+fight%3A+Canadian+special+forces+returned+fire+last+week&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Payton&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-fight-canadian-special-forces-returned-fire-in-last-week-1.2917777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMas2015" class="citation news cs1">Mas, Susan (26 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/isis-fight-canadian-special-forces-returned-fire-2-more-times-1.2931848">"ISIS fight: Canadian special forces returned fire 2 more times"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+fight%3A+Canadian+special+forces+returned+fire+2+more+times&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft.aulast=Mas&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-fight-canadian-special-forces-returned-fire-2-more-times-1.2931848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/andrew-joseph-doiron-of-moncton-n-b-killed-in-iraq-1.2985862">"Andrew Joseph Doiron of Moncton, N.B., killed in Iraq"</a>. CBC News. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Andrew+Joseph+Doiron+of+Moncton%2C+N.B.%2C+killed+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fottawa%2Fandrew-joseph-doiron-of-moncton-n-b-killed-in-iraq-1.2985862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugliese2016" class="citation news cs1">Pugliese, David (6 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/petawawa-based-helicopter-squadron-leaves-iraq-replacements-now-in-from-valcartier-unit">"Petawawa-based helicopter squadron leaves Iraq – replacements now in from Valcartier unit"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 14 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Petawawa-based+helicopter+squadron+leaves+Iraq+%E2%80%93+replacements+now+in+from+Valcartier+unit&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.aulast=Pugliese&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-watch%2Fpetawawa-based-helicopter-squadron-leaves-iraq-replacements-now-in-from-valcartier-unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brew14nov-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brew14nov_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brew14nov_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brew14nov_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2016" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (14 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadian-forces-isis-engage-1.3850827">"Canadian special forces shooting first at ISIS to protect civilians, allies"</a>. Retrieved 16 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canadian+special+forces+shooting+first+at+ISIS+to+protect+civilians%2C+allies&rft.date=2016-11-14&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-forces-isis-engage-1.3850827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brewoct16-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brewoct16_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brewoct16_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2016" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (6 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/iraq-canada-troops-1.3794722">"Canadian troops spending more time at front lines in Iraq as future of mission is unclear"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 11 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canadian+troops+spending+more+time+at+front+lines+in+Iraq+as+future+of+mission+is+unclear&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Firaq-canada-troops-1.3794722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2020" class="citation web cs1">Brewster, Murray (7 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadian-troops-vance-iraq-kuwait-1.5417627">"Canada pauses military operations in Iraq amid escalating U.S.-Iran tensions"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 7 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canada+pauses+military+operations+in+Iraq+amid+escalating+U.S.-Iran+tensions&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-troops-vance-iraq-kuwait-1.5417627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadian-military-resumes-iraq-operations-1.5428965">"Canadian military resumes some operations in Iraq following Iran scare"</a>. CBC News. The Canadian Press. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Canadian+military+resumes+some+operations+in+Iraq+following+Iran+scare&rft.date=2020-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanadian-military-resumes-iraq-operations-1.5428965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertiaume2015" class="citation news cs1">Bertiaume, Lee (16 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2015/02/16/canadas-war-against-isis-has-cost-122-million-not-including-salaries-and-other-fixed-costs-government-says/">"Canada's war against ISIS has cost $122 million, not including salaries and fixed costs, government says"</a>. National Post. Retrieved 28 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+war+against+ISIS+has+cost+%24122+million%2C+not+including+salaries+and+fixed+costs%2C+government+says&rft.date=2015-02-16&rft.aulast=Bertiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2015%2F02%2F16%2Fcanadas-war-against-isis-has-cost-122-million-not-including-salaries-and-other-fixed-costs-government-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbo1-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbo1_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbo1_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang2015" class="citation news cs1">Lang, Kieron (17 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pbo-government-differ-on-anti-isis-mission-costs-122m-vs-166m-1.2239867">"PBO, government differ on anti-ISIS mission costs: $122M vs. $166M"</a>. CTV News. Retrieved 28 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=PBO%2C+government+differ+on+anti-ISIS+mission+costs%3A+%24122M+vs.+%24166M&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Kieron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fpbo-government-differ-on-anti-isis-mission-costs-122m-vs-166m-1.2239867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbo2-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbo2_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbo2_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/iraq-mission-costs-could-top-166m-for-6-months-budget-watchdog-1.2959789">"Iraq mission costs could top $166M for 6 months: budget watchdog"</a>. CBC News. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Iraq+mission+costs+could+top+%24166M+for+6+months%3A+budget+watchdog&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Firaq-mission-costs-could-top-166m-for-6-months-budget-watchdog-1.2959789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2015" class="citation news cs1">Brewster, Murray (1 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/04/01/cost-of-canadas-mission-in-iraq-syria-will-hit-528-million-in-coming-year.html">"Cost of Canada's mission in Iraq, Syria will hit $528 million in coming year"</a>. Toronto Star. Canadian Press. Retrieved 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Cost+of+Canada%27s+mission+in+Iraq%2C+Syria+will+hit+%24528+million+in+coming+year&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2015%2F04%2F01%2Fcost-of-canadas-mission-in-iraq-syria-will-hit-528-million-in-coming-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/dion-paris-attacks-absolute-resolution-1.3319151">"Conservatives urge government to rethink halt to ISIS airstrikes"</a>. CBC News. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Conservatives+urge+government+to+rethink+halt+to+ISIS+airstrikes&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fottawa%2Fdion-paris-attacks-absolute-resolution-1.3319151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgrodnik2014" class="citation web cs1">Ogrodnik, Irene (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalnews.ca/news/1575601/france-is-has-threatened-coalition-civilians/">"New ISIS audio recording urges attacks on Canada, other countries"</a>. Global News. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=New+ISIS+audio+recording+urges+attacks+on+Canada%2C+other+countries&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Ogrodnik&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F1575601%2Ffrance-is-has-threatened-coalition-civilians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCharlesWoods2014" class="citation web cs1">MacCharles, Tonda; Woods, Allan (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/10/21/attack_on_soldiers_linked_to_terrorist_ideology.html">"Quebec attacker gave no hint of deadly plan, say RCMP, family, friends"</a>. Toronto Star. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Quebec+attacker+gave+no+hint+of+deadly+plan%2C+say+RCMP%2C+family%2C+friends&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=MacCharles&rft.aufirst=Tonda&rft.au=Woods%2C+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2014%2F10%2F21%2Fattack_on_soldiers_linked_to_terrorist_ideology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2014" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Stewart (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/10/20/driver-who-ran-into-canadian-soldiers-near-montreal-was-known-to-counter-terrorism-officials-rcmp/">"Martin 'Ahmad' Rouleau killed after high-speed chase - National Post"</a>. National Post. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Martin+%27Ahmad%27+Rouleau+killed+after+high-speed+chase+-+National+Post&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2014%2F10%2F20%2Fdriver-who-ran-into-canadian-soldiers-near-montreal-was-known-to-counter-terrorism-officials-rcmp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0IB2IX20141022?irpc=932">"Canada probes Michael Zehaf-Bibeau as possible suspect in Ottawa shooting: source"</a>. Reuters. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada+probes+Michael+Zehaf-Bibeau+as+possible+suspect+in+Ottawa+shooting%3A+source&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKCN0IB2IX20141022%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ottawa-shooting-kevin-vickers-hailed-as-hero-who-helped-stop-attacker-1.2809146">"Ottawa shooting: Kevin Vickers hailed as hero who helped stop attacker"</a>. CBC News. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Ottawa+shooting%3A+Kevin+Vickers+hailed+as+hero+who+helped+stop+attacker&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fottawa-shooting-kevin-vickers-hailed-as-hero-who-helped-stop-attacker-1.2809146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/10/22/parliament-shooting-shots-national-war-memorial_n_6027912.html">"Ottawa Shooting: Soldier Killed At National War Memorial, Parliament On Lockdown"</a>. The Huffington Post. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Ottawa+Shooting%3A+Soldier+Killed+At+National+War+Memorial%2C+Parliament+On+Lockdown&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2F2014%2F10%2F22%2Fparliament-shooting-shots-national-war-memorial_n_6027912.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2014" class="citation web cs1">Chase, Steven (23 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/in-national-address-prime-minister-labels-shootings-as-terrorist-acts/article21252133/#dashboard/follows/">"Prime Minister labels shootings as 'terrorist' acts"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister+labels+shootings+as+%27terrorist%27+acts&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fin-national-address-prime-minister-labels-shootings-as-terrorist-acts%2Farticle21252133%2F%23dashboard%2Ffollows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArsenaultBaksh2015" class="citation news cs1">Arsenault, Adrinenne; Baksh, Nazim (3 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/terrorism-related-charges-laid-against-ottawa-men-with-alleged-isis-ties-1.2943313">"Terrorism-related charges laid against Ottawa men with alleged ISIS ties"</a>. CBC News. Retrieved 4 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Terrorism-related+charges+laid+against+Ottawa+men+with+alleged+ISIS+ties&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft.aulast=Arsenault&rft.aufirst=Adrinenne&rft.au=Baksh%2C+Nazim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fterrorism-related-charges-laid-against-ottawa-men-with-alleged-isis-ties-1.2943313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanus2015" class="citation news cs1">Janus, Andrea (3 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/terror-charges-laid-against-three-men-rcmp-1.2218884">"Terror charges laid against three men:RCMP"</a>. CTV News. Retrieved 4 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Terror+charges+laid+against+three+men%3ARCMP&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft.aulast=Janus&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fterror-charges-laid-against-three-men-rcmp-1.2218884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2019" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Leigh (2019). The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472824295" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472824295"><bdi>978-1472824295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elite%3A+The+A%E2%80%93Z+of+Modern+Special+Operations+Forces&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1472824295&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Impact" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-abroad-current/op-impact.page">Operation Impact</a> - National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017110312/http://international.gc.ca/world-monde/security-securite/isis-eiis/operation_impact-operation_impact.aspx?lang=eng">Operation Impact</a> - Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/tag/operation-impact">Operation Impact tag</a> - National Post</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_history_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_military_history" title="Template:Canadian military history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_military_history" title="Template talk:Canadian military history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_military_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian military history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_history_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military history of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="History of the Royal Canadian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="History of the Canadian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Militia" title="Canadian Militia">Canadian Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_militia_in_Canada" title="Colonial militia in Canada">Colonial militia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="History of the Royal Canadian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Canada" title="Conscription in Canada">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Canadian Armed Forces">Crown and Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">New France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Acadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mi%27kmaq" title="Military history of the Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1627%E2%80%931629)" title="Anglo-French War (1627–1629)">Ango-French War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummer%27s_War" title="Dummer's War">Dummer's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre%27s_War" title="Father Le Loutre's War">Father Le Loutre's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">French Revolutionary Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican_War" title="Pemmican War">Pemmican War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellions_of_1837%E2%80%931838" title="Rebellions of 1837–1838">Rebellions of 1837–1838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Red River Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War#Canada" title="Second Boer War">Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_I" title="Canada in World War I">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Second World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_Cold_War" title="Canada in the Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_Korean_War" title="Canada in the Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Friction" title="Operation Friction">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_War_in_Afghanistan" title="Canada in the War in Afghanistan">Afghanistan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mobile" title="Operation Mobile">Intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intervention against ISIL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Canada and the American Civil War">Canada and the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie%E2%80%93Papineau_Battalion" title="Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion">Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Canada and the Vietnam War">Canada and the Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Canada and the Iraq War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_military_history" title="Bibliography of Canadian military history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_military_operations" title="List of Canadian military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_peacekeeping_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian peacekeeping missions">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Internment Camps WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Internment Camps WWII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Canada" title="Category:Military history of Canada">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&oldid=1249445827">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&oldid=1249445827</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_the_Iraqi_Civil_War" title="Category:2014 in the Iraqi Civil War">2014 in the Iraqi Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_in_the_Iraqi_Civil_War" title="Category:2015 in the Iraqi Civil War">2015 in the Iraqi Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_in_the_Iraqi_Civil_War" title="Category:2016 in the Iraqi Civil War">2016 in the Iraqi Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Premiership_of_Stephen_Harper" title="Category:Premiership of Stephen Harper">Premiership of Stephen Harper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Canada" title="Category:2014 in Canada">2014 in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_in_Canada" title="Category:2015 in Canada">2015 in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_in_Canada" title="Category:2016 in Canada">2016 in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2017_in_Canada" title="Category:2017 in Canada">2017 in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_involving_Canada" title="Category:Military operations involving Canada">Military operations involving Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war">Military operations of the Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Canadian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Canadian involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_involvement_in_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Category:Canadian involvement in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Canadian involvement in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_and_Canada" title="Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Canada">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airstrikes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Airstrikes during the Syrian civil war">Airstrikes during the Syrian civil war</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airstrikes_during_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Category:Airstrikes during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Airstrikes during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2023">Use dmy dates from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_February_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_September_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_November_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iraq_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Iraq articles missing geocoordinate data">Iraq articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 October 2024, at 23:29 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Impact&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-bdh8h","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.285","walltime":"1.482","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11610,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":315063,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22812,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":410839,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1264.406 1 -total"," 47.16% 596.238 2 Template:Reflist"," 31.99% 404.504 77 Template:Cite_news"," 13.78% 174.222 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 8.44% 106.730 25 Template:Cite_web"," 5.62% 71.102 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.19% 65.596 2 Template:Campaignbox"," 5.11% 64.600 1 Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)"," 5.03% 63.571 1 Template:Sfn"," 3.68% 46.530 22 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.744","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11745755,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CH-146_Griffon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAir_Task_Force_-_Iraq_Public_Affairs2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArsenaultBaksh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerthiaume\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerthiaume2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBertiaume2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrewster2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrewster2015\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFBrewster2016\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFBrewster2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampion-Smith2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCudmore2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDefence2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanus2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLang2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacCharles2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacCharlesWoods2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMas2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMas2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeville2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgrodnik2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPugliese2014\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFPugliese2015\"] = 18,\n [\"CITEREFPugliese2016\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawaFortuneBdiwe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSevunts2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSevunts2021\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Age in months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Armed forces\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Asof\"] = 1,\n [\"CAD\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)\"] = 1,\n [\"Canadian military history\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 77,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 25,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 4,\n [\"Coord missing\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Flag\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 25,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 8,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 8,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 8,\n [\"Military intervention against ISIL\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7bc9588894-8pp2f","timestamp":"20241202174917","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Operation Impact","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Impact","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18357658","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18357658","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-10-22T02:12:14Z","dateModified":"2024-10-04T23:29:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/38\/Operation_Inherent_Resolve_150304-F-MG591-297.jpg","headline":"2014 military operation of the Canadian Armed Force"}</script> </body> </html>