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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>European settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Mississippi_access_and_commercial_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Mississippi_access_and_commercial_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Loss of Mississippi access and commercial status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Mississippi_access_and_commercial_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_and_racial_unrest_after_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_racial_unrest_after_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Political and racial unrest after Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_racial_unrest_after_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Early 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casinos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casinos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Casinos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casinos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_cultural_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_cultural_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Annual cultural events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_cultural_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-K-12_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K-12_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>K-12 schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K-12_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vicksburg, Mississippi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="فيكسبيرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكسبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ویکسبرق، میسیسیپی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکسبرق، میسیسیپی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Виксбърг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виксбърг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississipi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississipi) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississipi)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Vicksburg (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vicksburg (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Misisipio)" title="Vicksburg (Misisipio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vicksburg (Misisipio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ویکسبرگ، می‌سی‌سی‌پی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکسبرگ، می‌سی‌سی‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A)" title="ویکسبرگ (ميسيسيپي) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ویکسبرگ (ميسيسيپي)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8_(%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%BC%EC%A3%BC)" title="빅스버그 (미시시피주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅스버그 (미시시피주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Виксбург (Миссисипи) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Виксбург (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Виксбург (Миссисипи) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Виксбург (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburgum" title="Vicksburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicksburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فيكسبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكسبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0_(%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="ヴィックスバーグ (ミシシッピ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィックスバーグ (ミシシッピ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Виксбург (Миссисипи) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Виксбург (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Виксберг (Миссисипи) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виксберг (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Виксбург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виксбург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg" title="Vicksburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vicksburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8)" title="Виксбург (Миссисипи) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Виксбург (Миссисипи)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96)" title="Віксбург (Міссісіпі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віксбург (Міссісіпі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ویکسبرگ، مسیسپی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکسبرگ، مسیسپی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Vicksburg, Mississippi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vicksburg, Mississippi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1_(%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="维克斯堡 (密西西比州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维克斯堡 (密西西比州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q493787#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Mississippi, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Vicksburg, Mississippi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Warren County Courthouse ("Old Courthouse Museum")"><img alt="Old Warren County Courthouse ("Old Courthouse Museum")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg/275px-Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg/413px-Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg/550px-Old_Warren_County_Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Old Warren County Courthouse ("Old Courthouse Museum")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vicksburg,_Mississippi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vicksburg, Mississippi"><img alt="Flag of Vicksburg, Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/100px-Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/150px-Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/200px-Flag_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Vicksburg,_Mississippi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Vicksburg, Mississippi"><img alt="Official seal of Vicksburg, Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/100px-Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/150px-Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png/200px-Seal_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Gibraltar of the Confederacy",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Red Carpet City of the South"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Vicksburg in Warren County, Mississippi"><img alt="Location of Vicksburg in Warren County, Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg/250px-Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg/375px-Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg/500px-Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Vicksburg in <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 275px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="275" data-zoom="11" data-lat="32.3525" data-lon="-90.8775" data-overlays="["_246eac412edf84dc349f4aeb0e78d5f9b06adc5d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/32.3525/-90.8775/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,32.3525,-90.8775,270x275.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi&groups=_246eac412edf84dc349f4aeb0e78d5f9b06adc5d" width="270" height="275" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,32.3525,-90.8775,270x275@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi&groups=_246eac412edf84dc349f4aeb0e78d5f9b06adc5d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Vicksburg</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicksburg is located in Mississippi"><img alt="Vicksburg is located in Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Mississippi_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.724%;left:25.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vicksburg"><img alt="Vicksburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Vicksburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Mississippi</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mississippi</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicksburg is located in the United States"><img alt="Vicksburg is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.084%;left:59.358%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vicksburg"><img alt="Vicksburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Vicksburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&params=32_21_9.52_N_90_52_40.38_W_region:US-MS_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°21′9.52″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°52′40.38″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.3526444°N 90.8778833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.3526444; -90.8778833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Mississippi" title="List of counties in Mississippi">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1811</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 29, 1825</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Newitt Vick</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Flaggs_Jr." title="George Flaggs Jr.">George Flaggs Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">35.093 sq mi (90.890 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">33.017 sq mi (85.513 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.076 sq mi (5.377 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">243 ft (74 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">21,573</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,192</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">611.49/sq mi (236.10/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">25,888</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">42,298 (US: <a href="/wiki/Micropolitan_statistical_area" title="Micropolitan statistical area">296th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central (CST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (CDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">39180, 39181, 39182, 39183</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_601_and_769" title="Area codes 601 and 769">601 and 769</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28-76720</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">0679216<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">Sales tax</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.0%<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburg.org/">vicksburg.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vicksburg</b> is a historic city in <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, United States. It is the county seat. The population was 21,573 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located on a high <a href="/wiki/Bluff_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluff (geography)">bluff</a> on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> across from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, Vicksburg was built by French colonists in 1719. The outpost withstood an attack from the native <a href="/wiki/Natchez_people" title="Natchez people">Natchez people</a>. It was incorporated as Vicksburg in 1825 after <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> missionary Newitt Vick.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area that is now Vicksburg was long occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Natchez_people" title="Natchez people">Natchez</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> as part of their historical territory along the Mississippi. The first <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europeans</a> who settled the area were <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> colonists who built <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Pierre_Site" title="Fort St. Pierre Site">Fort Saint Pierre</a> in 1719 on the high bluffs overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_River" title="Yazoo River">Yazoo River</a> at present-day <a href="/wiki/Redwood,_Mississippi" title="Redwood, Mississippi">Redwood</a>. They conducted <a href="/wiki/Fur_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur trading">fur trading</a> with the Natchez and others, and started plantations. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, it was a key Confederate river-port, and its <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">July 1863 surrender</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, along with the concurrent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>, marked the turning-point of the war. </p><p>After the war came <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> and then a violent return to power by white <a href="/wiki/Supremacists" class="mw-redirect" title="Supremacists">supremacists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> in 1874 and 1875, including the <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_massacre" title="Vicksburg massacre">Vicksburg massacre</a>. Today, Vicksburg's population is majority <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>. The city is home to three large installations of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a>, which has often been involved in local flood control. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_people">First people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area that is now Vicksburg was long occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Natchez_people" title="Natchez people">Natchez</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> as part of their historical territory along the Mississippi. The Natchez spoke a language isolate not related to the <a href="/wiki/Muskogean_languages" title="Muskogean languages">Muskogean languages</a> of the other major tribes in the area. Before the Natchez, other indigenous cultures had occupied this strategic area for thousands of years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europeans</a> who settled the area were <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> colonists who built <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Pierre_Site" title="Fort St. Pierre Site">Fort Saint Pierre</a> in 1719 on the high bluffs overlooking the Yazoo River at present-day <a href="/wiki/Redwood,_Mississippi" title="Redwood, Mississippi">Redwood</a>. They conducted <a href="/wiki/Fur_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur trading">fur trading</a> with the Natchez and others, and started plantations. On 29 November 1729, the Natchez <a href="/wiki/Natchez_revolt" title="Natchez revolt">attacked</a> the fort and plantations in and around the present-day city of <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a>. They killed several hundred settlers, including <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> missionary Paul Du Poisson. As was the custom, they took a number of women and children as captives, adopting them into their families. </p><p>The Natchez War was a disaster for French Louisiana, and the colonial population of the Natchez District never recovered. Aided by the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a>, traditional enemies of the Natchez, though, the French defeated and scattered the Natchez and their allies, the <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazoo tribe">Yazoo</a>. </p><p>The Choctaw Nation took over the area by right of conquest and inhabited it for several decades. Under pressure from the US government, the Choctaw agreed to cede nearly 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km<sup>2</sup>) of land to the US under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Adams" title="Treaty of Fort Adams">Treaty of Fort Adams</a> in 1801. The treaty was the first of a series that eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal">removal</a> of most of the Choctaw to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> west of the Mississippi River in 1830. Some Choctaw remained in Mississippi, citing article XIV of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dancing_Rabbit_Creek" title="Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek">Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek</a>; they became citizens of the state and the United States. They struggled to maintain their culture against the pressure of the binary slave society, which classified people as only white or black. </p><p>In 1790, the Spanish founded a military outpost on the site, which they called Fort Nogales (<i>nogales</i> meaning "walnut trees"). When the Americans took possession in 1798 following the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and a treaty with Spain, they changed the name to <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Hills_(Mississippi)" title="Walnut Hills (Mississippi)">Walnut Hills</a>. The small village was incorporated in 1825 as Vicksburg, named after Newitt Vick, a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a> who had established a Protestant mission on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg/220px-Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg/330px-Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg/440px-Vicksburg_gambler_hanging_1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of the hanging of five gamblers in Vicksburg in 1835</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Vicksburg,_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg/220px-View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg/330px-View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg/440px-View_of_Vicksburg%2C_Mississippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>View of Vicksburg in 1855</figcaption></figure> <p>The town of Vicksburg was incorporated in 1825, with a population of 3,000 people; of which approximately twenty people were Jewish and had immigrated from <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Alsace–Lorraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vicksburgpost.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vicksburgpost.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1835, during the <a href="/wiki/John_Murrell_(bandit)" title="John Murrell (bandit)">Murrell Excitement</a>, a mob from Vicksburg attempted to expel the gamblers from the city, because the citizens were tired of the rougher element treating the city residents with contempt. They captured and hanged five gamblers who had shot and killed a local doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Joshua D. Rothman calls this event "the deadliest outbreak of extralegal violence in the slave states between the <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton Insurrection">Southampton Insurrection</a> and the Civil War."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1862, fifty Jewish families formed the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Anshe Chesed in Vicksburg, and received a charter from the state.<sup id="cite_ref-vicksburgpost.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vicksburgpost.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later in 1864, the <a href="/wiki/Anshe_Chesed_Cemetery" title="Anshe Chesed Cemetery">Anshe Chesed Cemetery</a> was formed, and it was the second Jewish cemetery in the city; not much is known about the first Jewish cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Confederate president, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, was based at his family plantation at <a href="/wiki/Brierfield_Plantation" title="Brierfield Plantation">Brierfield</a>, just south of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), the city finally surrendered during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Siege of Vicksburg</a>, after which the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> gained control of the entire Mississippi River. The 47-day siege was intended to starve the city into submission. Its location atop a high bluff overlooking the Mississippi River proved otherwise impregnable to assault by federal troops. The surrender of Vicksburg by Confederate General <a href="/wiki/John_C._Pemberton" title="John C. Pemberton">John C. Pemberton</a> on July 4, 1863, together with the defeat of General <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a> the day before, has historically marked the <a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">turning point</a> of the Civil War in the Union's favor. </p><p>From the surrender of Vicksburg until the end of the war in 1865, the area was under Union military occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Celebrations of the 4th of July, the day of surrender, were irregular until 1947. The <i><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicksburg Evening Post">Vicksburg Evening Post</a></i> of July 4, 1883, called July 4 "the day we don't celebrate",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another Vicksburg newspaper, the <i>Daily Commercial Appeal</i>, in 1888 hoped that a political victory would bring an enthusiastic celebration the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902, the 4th of July saw only "a parade of colored draymen".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, the Jackson <i>Clarion-Ledger</i> stated that the city of Vicksburg did not celebrate the 4th of July again until 1945, and then it was celebrated as Confederate Carnival Day.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent scholar disagrees, stating that large Fourth of July celebrations were being held by 1907, and informal celebrations before that.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large parade was held in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_of_Mississippi_access_and_commercial_status">Loss of Mississippi access and commercial status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Loss of Mississippi access and commercial status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg/220px-Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg/330px-Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg/440px-Mississippi_River_floating_dry_dock_-_Vicksburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="2294" /></a><figcaption>Floating <a href="/wiki/Drydock" class="mw-redirect" title="Drydock">drydock</a> in Vicksburg, circa 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of Vicksburg's location on the Mississippi River, it built extensive trade from the prodigious <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> traffic in the 19th century. It shipped out cotton coming to it from surrounding counties and was a major trading city in West Central Mississippi. </p><p>However, in 1876, a Mississippi River flood cut off the large <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">meander</a> next to Vicksburg through the De Soto Point, which changed the Mississippi River's course away from the city. Vicksburg only retained access to an <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lake</a> formed from the old channel of the river, which effectively isolated the city from accessing the Mississippi riverfront. The city's economy suffered greatly due to the lack of a functional river port; Vicksburg would not be a river town again until the completion of the Yazoo Diversion Canal in 1903 by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_racial_unrest_after_Civil_War">Political and racial unrest after Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political and racial unrest after Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_massacre" title="Vicksburg massacre">Vicksburg massacre</a></div> <p>In the first few years after the Civil War, white Confederate veterans developed the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, beginning in Tennessee; it had chapters throughout the South and attacked freedmen and their supporters. It was suppressed about 1870. By the mid-1870s, new white <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> groups had arisen in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(Southern_United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Shirts (Southern United States)">Red Shirts</a> in Mississippi, as whites struggled to regain political and social power over the black majority. Elections were marked by violence and fraud as white Democrats worked to suppress black Republican voting. </p><p>In August 1874, a black sheriff, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Crosby_(sheriff)" title="Peter Crosby (sheriff)">Peter Crosby</a>, was elected in Vicksburg. Letters by a white planter, Batchelor, detail the preparations of whites for what he described as a "race war," including acquisition of the newest Winchester guns. On December 7, 1874, white men disrupted a black Republican meeting celebrating Crosby's victory and held him in custody before running him out of town.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advised blacks from rural areas to return home; along the way, some were attacked by armed whites. During the next several days, armed white mobs swept through black areas, killing other men at home or out in the fields, in what would come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_massacre" title="Vicksburg massacre">Vicksburg massacre</a>. Sources differ as to total fatalities, with 29–50 blacks and 2 whites reported dead at the time. Twenty-first-century historian Emilye Crosby estimates that 300 blacks were killed in the city and the surrounding area of <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Mississippi" title="Claiborne County, Mississippi">Claiborne County, Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crosby_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crosby-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Red Shirts were active in Vicksburg and other Mississippi areas, and black pleas to the federal government for protection were not met. </p><p>At the request of Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/Adelbert_Ames" title="Adelbert Ames">Adelbert Ames</a>, who had left the state during the violence, President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> sent federal troops to Vicksburg in January 1875. In addition, a congressional committee investigated what was called the "Vicksburg Riot" at the time (and reported as the "Vicksburg massacre" by northern newspapers.) Testimony from both black and white residents was given, as reported by the <i>New York Times</i>, but no one was ever prosecuted for the deaths. The Red Shirts and other white <a href="/wiki/Insurgents" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgents">insurgents</a> suppressed Republican voting by both whites and blacks; smaller-scale riots were staged in the state up to the 1875 elections, at which time white Democrats regained control of a majority of seats in the state legislature. </p><p>Under new constitutions, amendments and laws passed between 1890 in Mississippi and 1908 in the remaining southern states, white Democrats <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disenfranchised</a> most blacks and many poor whites by creating barriers to voter registration, such as <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poll tax (United States)">poll taxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literacy_test" title="Literacy test">literacy tests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">grandfather clauses</a>. They passed <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> through which they imposed racial segregation of public facilities. In 1908, a publication documented some of Vicksburg's leading African Americans including lawyer and banker <a href="/wiki/W._E._Mollison" class="mw-redirect" title="W. E. Mollison">W. E. Mollison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 12, 1894, the popular soft drink <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> was bottled for the first time in Vicksburg by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Biedenharn" title="Joseph A. Biedenharn">Joseph A. Biedenharn</a>, a local <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectioner</a>. Today, surviving 19th-century Biedenharn <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soda</a> <a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">bottles</a> are prized by collectors of Coca-Cola memorabilia. The original candy store has been renovated and is used as the Biedenharn Coca-Cola Museum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg/220px-Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg/330px-Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg/440px-Mississippi_River_Commission_building_in_Vicksburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="3041" /></a><figcaption>Mississippi River Commission building, built 1884</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mississippi_-_Vicksburg_-_NARA_-_23941741_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="2630" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view, 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>The exclusion of most blacks from the political system lasted for decades until after Congressional passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s. <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynchings</a> of blacks and other forms of white racial terrorism against them continued to occur in Vicksburg after the start of the 20th century. In May 1903, for instance, two black men charged with murdering a planter were taken from jail by a mob of 200 farmers and lynched before they could go to trial.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1919, as many as a thousand white men broke down three sets of steel doors to abduct, hang, burn and shoot a black prisoner, Lloyd Clay, who was falsely accused of raping a white woman.<sup id="cite_ref-AC_Clay_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC_Clay-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1877 to 1950 in Warren County, 14 African Americans were lynched by whites, most in the decades near the turn of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-eji_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eji-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> diverted the Yazoo River in 1903 into the old, shallowing channel to revive the waterfront of Vicksburg. The port city was able to receive steamboats again, but much freight and passenger traffic had moved to railroads, which had become more competitive. </p><p>Railroad access to the west across the river continued to be by transfer steamers and ferry <a href="/wiki/Barges" class="mw-redirect" title="Barges">barges</a> until a combination railroad-highway bridge was built in 1929. After 1973, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a> bridged the river. Freight rail traffic still crosses by the old bridge. North-south transportation links are by the Mississippi River and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_61" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 61">U.S. Highway 61</a>. Vicksburg has the only crossing over the Mississippi River between <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a> and Natchez, and the only interstate highway crossing of the river between <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Mississippi Flood of 1927">Great Mississippi Flood of 1927</a>, in which hundreds of thousands of acres were inundated, Vicksburg served as the primary gathering point for refugees. Relief parties put up temporary housing, as the flood submerged a large percentage of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a>. </p><p>Because of the overwhelming damage from the flood, the US Army Corps of Engineers established the Waterways Experiment Station as the primary hydraulics laboratory, to develop protection of important croplands and cities. Now known as the <a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a>, it applies military engineering, information technology, environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering, and geotechnical engineering to problems of flood control and river navigation. </p><p> In December 1953, a <a href="/wiki/1953_Vicksburg,_Mississippi_tornado_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado outbreak">severe tornado</a> swept across Vicksburg, causing 38 deaths and destroying nearly 1,000 buildings.</p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1910 panorama"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg/1600px-Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg" decoding="async" width="1600" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg/2400px-Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg/3200px-Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4374" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg_1910_LOC_pan_6a13672.jpg" title="File:Vicksburg 1910 LOC pan 6a13672.jpg"> </a></div>A 1910 panorama</div></div></div><p>During World War II, cadets from the Royal Air Force, flying from their training base at Terrell, Texas, routinely flew to Vicksburg on training flights. The town served as a stand-in for the British for Cologne, Germany, which is the same distance from London, England as Vicksburg is from Terrell.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Particularly after World War II, in which many blacks served, returning veterans began to be active in the civil rights movement, wanting to have full citizenship after fighting in the war. In Mississippi, activists in the Vicksburg Movement became prominent during the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_21st_century">Early 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, a group of Vicksburg residents visited the <a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky#Contemporary_Paducah" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah, Kentucky, mural project</a>, looking for ideas for their own community development.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the Vicksburg Riverfront <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">murals</a> program was begun by <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> mural artist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dafford" title="Robert Dafford">Robert Dafford</a> and his team on the floodwall located on the waterfront in downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-riverfrontmurals.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riverfrontmurals.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subjects for the murals were drawn from the history of Vicksburg and the surrounding area. They include President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s bear hunt, the <a href="/wiki/Sultana_(steamboat)" title="Sultana (steamboat)"><i>Sultana</i></a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sprague_(towboat)" title="Sprague (towboat)"><i>Sprague</i></a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Siege of Vicksburg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kings_Crossing_site" title="Kings Crossing site">Kings Crossing site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mississippi_Flood_of_1927" title="Great Mississippi Flood of 1927">Flood of 1927</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1953_Vicksburg,_Mississippi_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado">1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado</a>, Rosa A. Temple High School (known for integration activism) and the <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_National_Military_Park" title="Vicksburg National Military Park">Vicksburg National Military Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was finished in 2009 with the completion of the Jitney Jungle/Glass Kitchen mural.<sup id="cite_ref-riverfrontmurals.com_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riverfrontmurals.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 2010, a new 55-foot mural was painted on a section of wall on Grove Hill across the street from the original project by former Dafford muralists Benny Graeff and <a href="/wiki/Herb_Roe" title="Herb Roe">Herb Roe</a>. The mural's subject is the annual "Run thru History" held in the Vicksburg National Military Park.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 6–7, 2014, a symposium was held on the 140th anniversary of the 1874 riots. A variety of scholars gave papers and an open panel discussion was held on the second day at the Vicksburg National Military Park, in collaboration with the Jacqueline House African American Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 35.093 square miles (90.89 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 33.017 square miles (85.51 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 2.076 square miles (5.38 km<sup>2</sup>) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vicksburg is located at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers. Much of the city is on top of a high bluff on the east bank of the Mississippi River. Vicksburg is also served by <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a>. The interstate opens Vicksburg with a <a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">cloverleaf interchange</a> that heads out to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_61" title="U.S. Route 61">U.S. Route 61</a> North towards <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Fork,_Mississippi" title="Rolling Fork, Mississippi">Rolling Fork, Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale, Mississippi</a>, and stretches out for another 77 miles towards <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>. On the south part of the exit, it heads on <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Highway_27" title="Mississippi Highway 27">Mississippi Highway 27</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Utica,_Mississippi" title="Utica, Mississippi">Utica, Mississippi</a>. As the interstate goes on it makes interchanges with Clay Street, Indiana Avenue, and Halls Ferry Road. After the downtown interchanges are over, before finally crossing in Louisiana with a <a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">cloverleaf interchange</a>, I-20 makes a <a href="/wiki/Directional_T_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Directional T interchange">directional T interchange</a> with US-61, and US-61 heads south toward <a href="/wiki/Port_Gibson,_Mississippi" title="Port Gibson, Mississippi">Port Gibson, Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez, Mississippi</a>, and then continues for another 92 miles into <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, Louisiana's capital city. Interstate 20 then continues to head west towards <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe, Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, and lastly after 445 miles, making a <a href="/wiki/Trumpet_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpet interchange">trumpet interchange</a> with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">Interstate 10</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toyah,_Texas" title="Toyah, Texas">Toyah, Texas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vicksburg has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> with mild winters and hot, humid summers. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Vicksburg, Mississippi (Vicksburg – Tallulah Regional Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.7<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.4<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.2<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.1<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.2<br />(36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.4<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.6<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.4<br />(37.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.2<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9<br />(16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6<br />(20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9<br />(24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.3<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.2<br />(32.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.6<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.8<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.7<br />(24.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.4<br />(26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.4<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2<br />(25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.6<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.9<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">66.1<br />(18.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(17.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.1<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.6<br />(13.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(−6.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(17.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(−5.0) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.3<br />(−7.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12<br />(−24) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(−6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12<br />(−24) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.44<br />(138) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.11<br />(130) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.02<br />(128) </td> <td style="background: #16FF16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.96<br />(151) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.85<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.74<br />(95) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.05<br />(103) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.75<br />(95) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.00<br />(76) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.13<br />(105) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.92<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.38<br />(137) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.35<br />(1,356) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">108.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-nws_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>3,678</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>4,591</td><td></td><td>24.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>12,443</td><td></td><td>171.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>11,814</td><td></td><td>−5.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>13,373</td><td></td><td>13.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>14,834</td><td></td><td>10.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>20,814</td><td></td><td>40.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>18,072</td><td></td><td>−13.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>22,943</td><td></td><td>27.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>24,460</td><td></td><td>6.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>27,948</td><td></td><td>14.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>29,143</td><td></td><td>4.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>25,478</td><td></td><td>−12.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>25,434</td><td></td><td>−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>20,908</td><td></td><td>−17.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>26,407</td><td></td><td>26.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>23,856</td><td></td><td>−9.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>21,573</td><td></td><td>−9.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">20,192</td><td><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td>−6.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />2020 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As of the 2022 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, there are 8,092 estimated households in Vicksburg with an average of 2.57 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $45,147. Approximately 25.5% of the city's population lives at or below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty line</a>. Vicksburg has an estimated 55.1% employment rate, with 25.3% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 86.1% holding a high school diploma.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (94.3%), Spanish (2.9%), Indo-European (1.8%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.1%), and Other (0.8%). </p><p>The median age in the city was 37.6 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Vicksburg, Mississippi – racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop. 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop. 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop. 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>9,873 </td> <td>7,301 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,974 </td> <td>37.39% </td> <td>30.60% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">27.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>15,892 </td> <td>15,715 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">14,423 </td> <td>60.18% </td> <td>65.87% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">66.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>40 </td> <td>41 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">27 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>157 </td> <td>210 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">209 </td> <td>0.59% </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>25 </td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">48 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>144 </td> <td>163 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">489 </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td>0.68% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>274 </td> <td>409 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">403 </td> <td>1.04% </td> <td>1.71% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>26,407</b> </td> <td><b>23,856</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>21,573</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 21,573 people, 9,277 households, and 5,317 families residing in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 653.5 inhabitants per square mile (252.3/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 10,967 housing units at an average density of 332.2 inhabitants per square mile (128.3/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 28.16% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 67.21% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.15% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.97% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.00% <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.64% from some other races and 2.86% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> people of any race were 1.87% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.6% were under 5 years of age, and 15.5% were 65 and older. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to three large <a href="/wiki/US_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Corps of Engineers">US Army Corps of Engineers</a> installations: the <a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a> (ERDC), which also houses the ERDC's <a href="/wiki/Waterways_Experiment_Station" title="Waterways Experiment Station">Waterways Experiment Station</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley_Division" title="Mississippi Valley Division">Mississippi Valley Division</a> headquarters; and the Vicksburg District headquarters. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/412th_Engineer_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="412th Engineer Command">412th Engineer Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/US_Army_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Reserve">US Army Reserve</a> and the <a href="/wiki/168th_Engineer_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="168th Engineer Brigade">168th Engineer Brigade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Army_National_Guard" title="Mississippi Army National Guard">Mississippi Army National Guard</a> are also located in Vicksburg. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>'s 8th District/Lower Mississippi River sector has an Aids To Navigation unit located in Vicksburg, operating the buoy tending vessel USCGC Kickapoo.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Emma Green of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> stated, "The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a> sustains the town economically".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 12.3% of the local workforce is employed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">federal government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casinos">Casinos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Casinos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vicksburg is the home of four casinos along the Mississippi River. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameristar_Casino_Vicksburg" title="Ameristar Casino Vicksburg">Ameristar Casino Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino_Vicksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino Vicksburg">Casino Vicksburg</a> (formerly Lady Luck Casino Vicksburg)</li> <li>Riverwalk Casino Hotel</li> <li>Water View Casino</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Vicksburg, Mississippi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22">"Vicksburg, Mississippi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_cultural_events">Annual cultural events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Annual cultural events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every summer, Vicksburg plays host to the Miss Mississippi Pageant and Parade. Also every summer, the Vicksburg Homecoming Benevolent Club hosts a homecoming weekend/reunion that provides scholarships to graduating high-school seniors. Former residents from across the country return for the event. </p><p>Every summer since 1936, <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Theatre_Guild" title="Vicksburg Theatre Guild">Vicksburg Theatre Guild</a> has hosted <i>Gold in the Hills</i>, which holds the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness World Record">Guinness World Record</a> for longest-running show. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg_City_Hall,_Mississippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg/220px-Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg/330px-Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg/440px-Vicksburg_City_Hall%2C_Mississippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2195" /></a><figcaption>Vicksburg City Hall, by architect <a href="/wiki/James_Riely_Gordon" title="James Riely Gordon">James Riely Gordon</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Vicksburg City Hall, a 1902 Beaux-Arts Classical Revival style, by architect <a href="/wiki/James_Riely_Gordon" title="James Riely Gordon">James Riely Gordon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchuca" title="Anchuca">Anchuca Mansion</a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_House" title="Balfour House">Balfour House</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beck_House_(Vicksburg,_Mississippi)" title="Beck House (Vicksburg, Mississippi)">Beck House</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magnolias_(Vicksburg,_Mississippi)" title="The Magnolias (Vicksburg, Mississippi)">The Magnolias</a> (c. 1877–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McRaven_House" title="McRaven House">McRaven House</a> (c. 1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Warren_County_Courthouse" title="Old Warren County Courthouse">Old Court House Museum</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_National_Military_Park" title="Vicksburg National Military Park">Vicksburg National Military Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton%27s_Headquarters" title="Pemberton's Headquarters">Pemberton's Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cairo_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Cairo (1861)">U.S.S. Cairo Gunboat & Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Riverfront_Murals" title="Vicksburg Riverfront Murals">Vicksburg Riverfront Murals</a> (2002, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Theatre_Guild" title="Vicksburg Theatre Guild">Vicksburg Theatre Guild</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg_December_2018_25_(United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg/220px-Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg/330px-Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg/440px-Vicksburg_December_2018_25_%28United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Post Office (former) and Courthouse in Vicksburg</figcaption></figure> <p>The city government consists of a mayor who is elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> and two aldermembers. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/George_Flaggs_Jr." title="George Flaggs Jr.">George Flaggs Jr.</a>, who defeated former mayor Paul Winfield in the June 2013 election. The two aldermembers are elected from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-member districts">single-member districts</a>, known as wards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="K-12_schools">K-12 schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: K-12 schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicksburg-SL2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vicksburg-SL2.jpg/220px-Vicksburg-SL2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vicksburg-SL2.jpg/330px-Vicksburg-SL2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vicksburg-SL2.jpg/440px-Vicksburg-SL2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Mississippi River at Vicksburg</figcaption></figure> <p>The City of Vicksburg is served by the <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg-Warren_School_District" title="Vicksburg-Warren School District">Vicksburg-Warren School District</a>. </p> <dl><dt>High schools</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Vicksburg High School (Mississippi)">Vicksburg High School</a> <ul><li>1988–1989 <a href="/wiki/National_Blue_Ribbon_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Blue Ribbon School">National Blue Ribbon School</a><sup id="cite_ref-ed.gov_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed.gov-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Central_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Warren Central High School (Mississippi)">Warren Central High School</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Junior high schools</dt></dl> <ul><li>Vicksburg Junior High School</li> <li>Warren Central Junior High School</li> <li>Academy of Innovation</li></ul> <dl><dt>Elementary schools</dt></dl> <ul><li>Beechwood Elementary School</li> <li>Bovina Elementary School</li> <li>Bowmar Avenue Magnet School</li> <li>Dana Road Elementary School</li> <li>Redwood Elementary School</li> <li>Sherman Avenue Elementary School</li> <li>South Park Elementary School</li> <li>Warrenton Elementary School</li> <li>Vicksburg Intermediate School</li> <li>Warren Central Intermediate School</li></ul> <dl><dt>Private schools</dt></dl> <ul><li>Porters Chapel Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Catholic_School" title="Vicksburg Catholic School">Vicksburg Catholic School</a> - St. Francis Xavier Elementary and Saint Aloysius Catholic High School (of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Jackson" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson">Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson</a>)</li> <li>Vicksburg Christian Academy</li> <li>Vicksburg Community School (K-12)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Former schools</dt></dl> <ul><li>Hall's Ferry Road Elementary School <ul><li>1985–1986, <a href="/wiki/National_Blue_Ribbon_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Blue Ribbon School">National Blue Ribbon School</a><sup id="cite_ref-ed.gov_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed.gov-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Culkin Elementary School</li> <li>Jett Elementary School</li> <li>Cedars Elementary School</li> <li>Vicksburg Middle School</li> <li>All Saints' Episcopal School was a local boarding school located on Confederate Avenue, which closed in 2006 after 98 years in operation. The historic school is now a regional campus for <a href="/wiki/National_Civilian_Community_Corps" title="National Civilian Community Corps">AmeriCorps NCCC</a>.</li> <li>St. Mary's Catholic School served the African-American community.</li> <li>McIntyre Elementary School served the African-American community.</li> <li>Magnolia Avenue School serviced the African-American community and was renamed Bowman High School to honor a former principal.</li> <li>Rosa A. Temple High School served the African-American community.</li> <li>King's Elementary School served the African-American community.</li> <li>Carr Central High School.</li> <li>J.H. Culkin Academy (grades 1-12 until 1965, thereafter Culkin Elementary School).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Vernon_Cooper#Legacy" title="Homer Vernon Cooper">H.V. Cooper High School</a>. First graduating class 1959.</li> <li>Jefferson Davis School.</li> <li>Oak Ridge School.</li> <li>Eliza Fox School (a.k.a. Grove Street School).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_College_(Vicksburg)" title="All Saints' College (Vicksburg)">All Saints' College</a>. An Episcopal college for white women. Opened in 1908 and closed in 1962.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warren County is in the district of <a href="/wiki/Hinds_Community_College" title="Hinds Community College">Hinds Community College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Vicksburg Post</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves._2018_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves._2018-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corporate news, formerly the <i>Vicksburg Evening Post</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_Vicksburg,_Mississippi_(Warren_County)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vicksburg_Radio" title="Template:Vicksburg Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vicksburg_Radio" title="Template talk:Vicksburg Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vicksburg_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vicksburg Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Vicksburg,_Mississippi_(Warren_County)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren County</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WVBG_(AM)" title="WVBG (AM)">1490</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WATU_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="WATU (FM)">89.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPRL" title="WPRL">91.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBU" title="KSBU">92.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJLV" title="WJLV">94.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWCL-FM" title="KWCL-FM">96.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTJZ" title="KTJZ">97.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJKK" title="WJKK">98.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBV" title="WBBV">101.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLSM" title="KLSM">104.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBG-FM" title="WVBG-FM">105.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSTZ-FM" title="WSTZ-FM">106.7</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KOGQ-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KOGQ-LP (page does not exist)">98.9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WVMK-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WVMK-LP (page does not exist)">100.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W299CC" class="mw-redirect" title="W299CC">107.7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital Radio</a><br />by frequency & subchannel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPRL" title="WPRL">91.7-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">callsign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLSM" title="KLSM">KLSM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KOGQ-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KOGQ-LP (page does not exist)">KOGQ-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSBU" title="KSBU">KSBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTJZ" title="KTJZ">KTJZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWCL-FM" title="KWCL-FM">KWCL-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W299CC" class="mw-redirect" title="W299CC">W299CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WATU_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="WATU (FM)">WATU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBV" title="WBBV">WBBV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJKK" title="WJKK">WJKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJLV" title="WJLV">WJLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPRL" title="WPRL">WPRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSTZ-FM" title="WSTZ-FM">WSTZ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBG_(AM)" title="WVBG (AM)">WVBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVBG-FM" title="WVBG-FM">WVBG-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WVMK-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WVMK-LP (page does not exist)">WVMK-LP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQBC" title="WQBC">WQBC (1420 AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WDON-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WDON-LP (page does not exist)">WDON-LP (102.3 FM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Greenville-Greenwood_Radio" title="Template:Greenville-Greenwood Radio">Greenville-Greenwood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson_MS_Radio" title="Template:Jackson MS Radio">Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:McComb-Brookhaven_Radio" title="Template:McComb-Brookhaven Radio">McComb-Brookhaven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Monroe_Radio" title="Template:Monroe Radio">Monroe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Natchez_Radio" title="Template:Natchez Radio">Natchez</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Louisiana" title="List of radio stations in Louisiana">List of radio stations in Louisiana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Mississippi" title="List of radio stations in Mississippi">List of radio stations in Mississippi</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_in_Central_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jackson_TV" title="Template:Jackson TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jackson_TV" title="Template talk:Jackson TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jackson TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_in_Central_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast television">Broadcast television</a> in Central <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>This region includes the following cities: <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tallulah,_Louisiana" title="Tallulah, Louisiana">Tallulah, LA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vidalia,_Louisiana" title="Vidalia, Louisiana">Vidalia, LA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/McComb,_Mississippi" title="McComb, Mississippi">McComb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a><br />Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLBT" title="WLBT">WLBT</a> (3.1 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 3.2 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce</a>, 3.3 <a href="/wiki/The365" class="mw-redirect" title="The365">The365</a>, 3.4 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>, 3.5 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>, 3.6 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJMF-LD" title="WJMF-LD">WJMF-LD</a> (6.1 Unknown)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJTV" title="WJTV">WJTV</a> (12.1 <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 12.2 <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>, 12.3 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>, 12.4 <a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAPT" title="WAPT">WAPT</a> (16.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 16.2 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 16.3 <a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story</a>, 16.5 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>, 16.6 <a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWJX" title="WWJX">WWJX</a> (23.1 <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a>, 23.2 <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart#Television" title="Jimmy Swaggart">SonLife</a>, 23.3 <a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a>, 23.4 <a href="/wiki/GOD_TV" title="GOD TV">GOD TV</a>, 23.5 <a href="/wiki/Infomercials" class="mw-redirect" title="Infomercials">infomercials</a>, 23.6 <a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a>, 23.7 TBA, 23.8 <a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">Shop LC</a>, 23.9 TBA, 23.10 TBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">WMPN-TV</a> (29.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">MPB</a>, 29.2 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a>, 29.3 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a>, 29.4 <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">MPB</a>, 29.5 MPB Classroom TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRBJ-TV" title="WRBJ-TV">WRBJ-TV</a> (34.1 <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a>, 34.2 <a href="/wiki/Phil_McGraw#Merit_Street_Media" title="Phil McGraw">Merit</a>, 34.3 <a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">Inspire</a>, 34.4 <a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a>, 34.5 <a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLOO" title="WLOO">WLOO</a> (35.1 <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNT</a>, 35.2 <a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a>, 35.3 <a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start</a>, 35.4 <a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy</a>, 35.5 <a href="/wiki/MeTV_Toons" title="MeTV Toons">MeToons</a>, 35.6 <a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDBD" title="WDBD">WDBD</a> (40.1 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, 40.2 <a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">ANT</a>, 40.3 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 40.4 <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">Crime</a>, 40.5 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion+</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlying areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bude,_Mississippi" title="Bude, Mississippi">Bude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">WMAU-TV</a> (18.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">MPB</a>, 18.2 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a>, 18.3 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a>, 18.4 <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">MPB</a>, 18.5 MPB Classroom TV)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/KLAX-TV" title="KLAX-TV">KLAX-TV</a> (31.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 31.2 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 31.3 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/WNTZ-TV" title="WNTZ-TV">WNTZ-TV</a> (48.1 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a>, 48.2 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce</a>, 48.3 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>, 48.4 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBXK-CA" class="mw-redirect" title="WBXK-CA">WBXK-CA 8</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Box_(American_TV_channel)" title="The Box (American TV channel)">Box</a>/<a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urban_America_Television" title="Urban America Television">UATV</a>/<a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">A1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBMS-CA" title="WBMS-CA">WBMS-CA 10</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Empowerment_Television" title="National Empowerment Television">AV</a>/<a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">A1</a>/<a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Pax</a>/<a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Ind</a>/<a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W23BC" class="mw-redirect" title="W23BC">W23BC 23</a> (<a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">A1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXMS-LP" title="WXMS-LP">WXMS-LP 27</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">WB</a>/<a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a>/<a href="/wiki/Independent_station_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent station (North America)">Ind</a>/<a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>)</li> <li>WJXF-LP 49 (<a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urban_America_Television" title="Urban America Television">UATV</a>/<a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">A1</a>/<a href="/wiki/LAT_TV" title="LAT TV">LAT TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Retro_Jams" title="Retro Jams">Retro Jams</a>)</li> <li>WJKO-LP 64 (<a href="/wiki/Daystar_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daystar (TV network)">Daystar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Meridian_TV" title="Template:Meridian TV">Meridian TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hattiesburg/Laurel_TV" title="Template:Hattiesburg/Laurel TV">Hattiesburg TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Alexandria_LA_TV" title="Template:Alexandria LA TV">Alexandria TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Greenwood_TV" title="Template:Greenwood TV">Greenwood TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:CTWP_TV" title="Template:CTWP TV">Tupelo TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Baton_Rouge_TV" title="Template:Baton Rouge TV">Baton Rouge TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Orleans_TV" title="Template:New Orleans TV">New Orleans TV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_and_Mississippi_Valley_Railroad" title="Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad">Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">Illinois Central Railroad</a> for several decades had passenger service through the city, at two different stations, one on Levee Street, and the other on Cherry Street. The IC's <i>Planter</i> went north to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. The Chery Street station hosted the <i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Limited_(IC_train)" title="Southwestern Limited (IC train)">Northeastern Limited</a></i> and an unnamed train east to Jackson and <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a> (sleeping car passengers could continue to New York; coach passengers could transfer at Meridian's <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Meridian,_Mississippi)" title="Union Station (Meridian, Mississippi)">Union Station</a> to an Atlanta and New York bound train there), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Limited_(IC_train)" title="Southwestern Limited (IC train)">Southwestern Limited</a></i> and another train west to Monroe and <a href="/wiki/Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport">Shreveport</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Union_Station" title="Shreveport Union Station">Union Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final train serving Vicksburg was the <i>Southwestern Limited/Northeastern Limited</i> in 1967. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Mississippi" title="Interstate 20 in Mississippi">Interstate 20</a> runs east–west through the southern part of Vicksburg. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_80" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 80">U.S. Highway 80</a> runs east–west through the city. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_61" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 61">U.S. Highway 61</a> runs north–south through the city. </p><p>The nearest airport with commercial flights is <a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Medgar_Wiley_Evers_International_Airport" title="Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport">Jackson–Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport</a>, 53.2 miles to the east of Vicksburg. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg_Tallulah_Regional_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicksburg Tallulah Regional Airport (page does not exist)">Vicksburg Tallulah Regional Airport</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg_Municipal_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicksburg Municipal Airport (page does not exist)">Vicksburg Municipal Airport</a>, to the west and to the south of Vicksburg, are, on the other hand, two <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Vicksburg, Mississippi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_Adams" title="William Wirt Adams">William Wirt Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a> officer and member of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">Mississippi House of Representatives</a><sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Bailess" title="Katherine Bailess">Katherine Bailess</a>, actress, singer and dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Basinsky" title="Earle Basinsky">Earle Basinsky</a>, crime novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Bearss" title="Ed Bearss">Ed Bearss</a> (1923–2020), <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> historian<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Biedenharn" title="Joseph A. Biedenharn">Joseph A. Biedenharn</a> (1866–1952), entrepreneur: first bottled <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> in 1894 at a location in Vicksburg<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brewer" title="Johnny Brewer">Johnny Brewer</a>, football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hunt_Brisbane" title="Margaret Hunt Brisbane">Margaret Hunt Brisbane</a> (1858–1925), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Brown_(baseball)" title="Roosevelt Brown (baseball)">Roosevelt Brown</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> outfielder for the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Burks" title="Ellis Burks">Ellis Burks</a>, former <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> outfielder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a>, filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Butler" title="Malcolm Butler">Malcolm Butler</a>, cornerback for the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Coates" title="Odia Coates">Odia Coates</a>, pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Coleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderick Coleman">Rod Coleman</a>, defensive tackle for the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Russell_Compton" title="Caroline Russell Compton">Caroline Russell Compton</a>, Mississippi artist<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart_Crowley" title="Mart Crowley">Mart Crowley</a>, playwright, TV executive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, President of the Confederate States of America (previously U.S. Congressman, Senator, Secretary of War)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_DeLaughter" title="Bobby DeLaughter">Bobby DeLaughter</a>, Mississippi state judge and prosecutor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>, blues bassist, singer, songwriter, and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_%22Kayo%22_Dottley" class="mw-redirect" title="John "Kayo" Dottley">John "Kayo" Dottley</a>, college All-American and professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a>, civil rights activist and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Fuller" title="Charley Fuller">Charley Fuller</a>, former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> running back, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gray_(singer)" title="Mark Gray (singer)">Mark Gray</a>, country music singer, born in Vicksburg in 1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Green" title="Louis Green">Louis Green</a>, linebacker for the <a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeMichael_Harris" title="DeMichael Harris">DeMichael Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wide_receiver" title="Wide receiver">wide receiver</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt_Hinton" title="Milt Hinton">Milt Hinton</a>, jazz bassist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hopson" title="Jay Hopson">Jay Hopson</a>, football head coach, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_Mississippi" title="University of Southern Mississippi">University of Southern Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Holt" title="Joseph Holt">Joseph Holt</a>, longest-serving <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General</a> of the Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Hosemann" title="Delbert Hosemann">Delbert Hosemann Jr.</a>, Lt Governor of Mississippi and former Secretary of State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a>, jazz pianist, born in Vicksburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_F._Jue" title="Martin F. Jue">Martin F. Jue</a>, amateur radio products inventor, entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kelly_(fashion_designer)" title="Patrick Kelly (fashion designer)">Patrick Kelly</a>, fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Leggett" title="Brad Leggett">Brad Leggett</a>, football player, <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> <a href="/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)" title="Center (gridiron football)">center</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McConnell" title="George McConnell">George McConnell</a>, former guitarist for <a href="/wiki/Widespread_Panic" title="Widespread Panic">Widespread Panic</a>, Kudzu Kings, and Beanland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Michael_Morgan" title="William Michael Morgan">William Michael Morgan</a>, country music singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Myers_(American_football)" title="Michael Myers (American football)">Michael Myers</a>, defensive tackle for the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals" title="Cincinnati Bengals">Cincinnati Bengals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Key Pittman</a>, U.S. Senator from Nevada, 1913–40; born in Vicksburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vail_M._Pittman" class="mw-redirect" title="Vail M. Pittman">Vail M. Pittman</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Nevada">19th Governor of Nevada</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Plump" title="Dave Plump">Dave Plump</a>, former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> defensive back, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Chargers" title="San Diego Chargers">San Diego Chargers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Preer" title="Evelyn Preer">Evelyn Preer</a>, African-American film actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reed_(Canadian_football)" title="George Reed (Canadian football)">George Reed</a> (1939–2023), former running back for the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">CFL</a> Hall of Fame member, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> member, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Order_of_Merit" title="Saskatchewan Order of Merit">Saskatchewan Order of Merit</a> member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beah_Richards" title="Beah Richards">Beah Richards</a>, African-American film and television actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kee_Sloan" title="Kee Sloan">Kee Sloan</a>, Episcopal priest and eleventh <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Alabama">Bishop of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_C._Strickland" title="Roy C. Strickland">Roy C. Strickland</a>, businessman and politician in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, born in Vicksburg in 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Tankersley" title="Taylor Tankersley">Taylor Tankersley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Marlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Marlins">Florida Marlins</a> relief pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomson_(baseball)" title="John Thomson (baseball)">John Thomas</a>, former <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> player (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_T._Washington" title="Mary T. Washington">Mary T. Washington</a>, the first African-American woman <a href="/wiki/Certified_Public_Accountant" title="Certified Public Accountant">CPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Westcott" title="Carl Westcott">Carl Westcott</a>, entrepreneur, founder of 1-800-Flowers and Westcott Communications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmon_Young" title="Delmon Young">Delmon Young</a>, outfielder for the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Young" title="Dmitri Young">Dmitri Young</a>, first baseman for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaelyn_Young" title="Jaelyn Young">Jaelyn Young</a>, pleaded guilty to charges relating to her attempts to join <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vicksburg is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winning <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Crimes_of_the_Heart" title="Crimes of the Heart">Crimes of the Heart</a></i> by Beth Henley.</li> <li>Several <a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">delta blues</a> songs mention Vicksburg, for instance <a href="/wiki/Charley_Patton" title="Charley Patton">Charley Patton</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/High_Water_Everywhere" title="High Water Everywhere">High Water Everywhere</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Traveling_Riverside_Blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveling Riverside Blues">Traveling Riverside Blues</a>"</li> <li>The city is mentioned multiple times in the series of books surrounding the Logan family, including <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_of_Thunder,_Hear_My_Cry" title="Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry">Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry</a></i> (1976) and <i><a href="/wiki/Let_The_Circle_Be_Unbroken" class="mw-redirect" title="Let The Circle Be Unbroken">Let The Circle Be Unbroken</a></i> (1981), by <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildred Taylor">Mildred Taylor</a>.</li> <li>A made-for-TV movie version of <i><a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>'s memoir, was filmed in Vicksburg.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i> was filmed in Vicksburg. The Stokes campaign dinner was filmed in the Southern Cultural Heritage Center's auditorium.</li> <li>The hospital stairway scene from <i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Burning" title="Mississippi Burning">Mississippi Burning</a></i> was filmed in the Southern Cultural Heritage Convent (with <a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a>).</li> <li>Vicksburg is featured in <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s 1982 science fiction novel <i><a href="/wiki/Friday_(novel)" title="Friday (novel)">Friday</a></i> as a town in the Lone Star Republic, a leading smugglers' port between Texas and the Chicago Imperium. The book's protagonist Friday Baldwin stayed there, particularly in the riverfront Lowtown, while trying to find a way into the Imperium.</li> <li>In the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Underground_to_Canada" title="Underground to Canada">Underground to Canada</a></i> the protagonists Julilly and Liza are slaves on a cotton plantation near Vicksburg.</li> <li>Vicksburg was the focus of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/ghost-adventures/photos/ghost-adventures-hauntings-of-vicksburg">four episodes</a> of the American television series <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Adventures_episodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost Adventures episodes">Ghost Adventures</a></i> during Season 19, with one episode dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Champion_Hill" title="Battle of Champion Hill">Champion Hill Battlefield</a>.</li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>'s 1974 album <i><a href="/wiki/Caribou_(album)" title="Caribou (album)">Caribou</a></i>, the song Dixy Lily contains the lyrics "Down from Louisiana on the Vicksburg run." in the chorus.</li> <li>Vicksburg has been mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Queen" title="Mississippi Queen">Mississippi Queen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mountain_(band)" title="Mountain (band)">Mountain (band)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi" title="Portal:Mississippi">Mississippi portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vicksburg" title="USS Vicksburg">USS <i>Vicksburg</i></a>, 5 ships</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Line_(riverboat_company)" title="Anchor Line (riverboat company)">Anchor Line</a>, a prominent steamboat company on the Mississippi River from 1859 to 1898, which operated a steamboat called <i>City of Vicksburg</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/ms/es_ms_gibrltar_1.html">"Mississippi's Rock of Gibraltar"</a>. Americas Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125023716/https://www.americaslibrary.gov/es/ms/es_ms_gibrltar_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mississippi%27s+Rock+of+Gibraltar&rft.pub=Americas+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaslibrary.gov%2Fes%2Fms%2Fes_ms_gibrltar_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roadtripusa.com/the-great-river-road/mississippi/vicksburg/">"Vicksburg, Mississippi Road Trip Guide"</a>. Road Trip USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213170330/https://www.roadtripusa.com/the-great-river-road/mississippi/vicksburg/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi+Road+Trip+Guide&rft.pub=Road+Trip+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadtripusa.com%2Fthe-great-river-road%2Fmississippi%2Fvicksburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2024_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_gaz_place_28.txt">"2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2024_Gazetteer%2F2024_gaz_place_28.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/0679216">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Vicksburg, Mississippi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/profile/Vicksburg_city,_Mississippi?g=160XX00US2876720">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103053250/https://data.census.gov/profile/Vicksburg_city,_Mississippi?g=160XX00US2876720">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fprofile%2FVicksburg_city%2C_Mississippi%3Fg%3D160XX00US2876720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2023-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html">"City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2023"</a>. United States Census Bureau. November 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+and+Town+Population+Totals%3A+2020%E2%80%932023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/mississippi/cities/vicksburg.html">"Vicksburg (MS) sales tax rate"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vicksburg+%28MS%29+sales+tax+rate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avalara.com%2Ftaxrates%2Fen%2Fstate-rates%2Fmississippi%2Fcities%2Fvicksburg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2022/08/21/faith-of-our-forefathers-program-to-discuss-methodism-newitt-vick/">"FAITH OF OUR FOREFATHERS: Program to discuss Methodism, Newitt Vick"</a>. August 21, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212120632/https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2022/08/21/faith-of-our-forefathers-program-to-discuss-methodism-newitt-vick/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAITH+OF+OUR+FOREFATHERS%3A+Program+to+discuss+Methodism%2C+Newitt+Vick&rft.date=2022-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicksburgpost.com%2F2022%2F08%2F21%2Ffaith-of-our-forefathers-program-to-discuss-methodism-newitt-vick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia803400.us.archive.org/9/items/picturesquevicks00chap/picturesquevicks00chap.pdf"><i>Picturesque Vicksburg and the Yazoo Delta</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vicksburg Printing and Publishing Co. 1895. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturesque+Vicksburg+and+the+Yazoo+Delta&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Vicksburg+Printing+and+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia803400.us.archive.org%2F9%2Fitems%2Fpicturesquevicks00chap%2Fpicturesquevicks00chap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/5425f993-11ba-4ce7-b1ac-4039dfad9af6">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Anshe Chesed Cemetery"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514053544/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/5425f993-11ba-4ce7-b1ac-4039dfad9af6">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%2FNomination%3A+Anshe+Chesed+Cemetery&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2F5425f993-11ba-4ce7-b1ac-4039dfad9af6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vicksburgpost.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vicksburgpost.com_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vicksburgpost.com_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2022/08/10/looking-back-b-b-club-is-but-one-branch-of-vicksburgs-jewish-roots/">"Looking Back: B.B. Club is but one branch of Vicksburg's Jewish roots"</a>. <i>The Vicksburg Post</i>. August 10, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515100037/https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2022/08/10/looking-back-b-b-club-is-but-one-branch-of-vicksburgs-jewish-roots/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vicksburg+Post&rft.atitle=Looking+Back%3A+B.B.+Club+is+but+one+branch+of+Vicksburg%27s+Jewish+roots&rft.date=2022-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicksburgpost.com%2F2022%2F08%2F10%2Flooking-back-b-b-club-is-but-one-branch-of-vicksburgs-jewish-roots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://masglp.olemiss.edu/Water%20Log/WL18/wlvicks.htm">"THE VICKSBURG FLATBOAT WAR OF 1838 AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SUBMERGED LANDS LAW IN MISSISSIPPI"</a>. <i>Masglp.olemiss.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723233136/http://masglp.olemiss.edu/Water%20Log/WL18/wlvicks.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Masglp.olemiss.edu&rft.atitle=THE+VICKSBURG+FLATBOAT+WAR+OF+1838+AND+ITS+INFLUENCE+ON+SUBMERGED+LANDS+LAW+IN+MISSISSIPPI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmasglp.olemiss.edu%2FWater%2520Log%2FWL18%2Fwlvicks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothman,_Joshua_D.2012" class="citation book cs1">Rothman, Joshua D. (November 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZR9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249"><i>Flush Times and Fever Dreams: A Story of Capitalism and Slavery in the Age of Jackson</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. p. 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3326-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3326-7"><bdi>978-0-8203-3326-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315050835/https://books.google.com/books?id=cZR9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA249#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flush+Times+and+Fever+Dreams%3A+A+Story+of+Capitalism+and+Slavery+in+the+Age+of+Jackson&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-3326-7&rft.au=Rothman%2C+Joshua+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcZR9AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurratt2021" class="citation web cs1">Surratt, John (August 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2021/08/01/windows-from-historic-vicksburg-jewish-temple-up-for-auction/">"Windows from historic Vicksburg Jewish temple up for auction"</a>. <i>The Vicksburg Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209090808/https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2021/08/01/windows-from-historic-vicksburg-jewish-temple-up-for-auction/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vicksburg+Post&rft.atitle=Windows+from+historic+Vicksburg+Jewish+temple+up+for+auction&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft.aulast=Surratt&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicksburgpost.com%2F2021%2F08%2F01%2Fwindows-from-historic-vicksburg-jewish-temple-up-for-auction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottonMason1991" class="citation book cs1">Cotton, Gordon; Mason, Ralph (1991). <i>With Malice Toward Some : The Military Occupation of Vicksburg, 1864 - 1865</i>. Vicksburg and Warren County Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Malice+Toward+Some+%3A+The+Military+Occupation+of+Vicksburg%2C+1864+-+1865&rft.pub=Vicksburg+and+Warren+County+Historical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Mason%2C+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34831371/vicksburg_doesnt_celebrate_july_4/">"Local Items"</a>. <i>Vicksburg Evening Post</i>. July 4, 1883. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221924/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34831371/vicksburg_doesnt_celebrate_july_4/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vicksburg+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Local+Items&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1883-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34831371%2Fvicksburg_doesnt_celebrate_july_4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34831639/vicksburg_4th_of_july/">"The Fourth of July"</a>. <i>Daily Commercial Herald (Vicksburg, Mississippi)</i>. July 4, 1888. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221928/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34831639/vicksburg_4th_of_july/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Commercial+Herald+%28Vicksburg%2C+Mississippi%29&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+of+July&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1888-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34831639%2Fvicksburg_4th_of_july%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34832616/4th_of_july_in_vicksburg/">"10 Years Ago in Vicksburg"</a>. <i>Vicksburg Evening Post</i>. July 6, 1912. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221923/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34832616/4th_of_july_in_vicksburg/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vicksburg+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=10+Years+Ago+in+Vicksburg&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1912-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34832616%2F4th_of_july_in_vicksburg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34828644/vicksburg_and_fourth_of_july/">"Vicksburg plans big things for Confederate carnival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Clarion-Ledger" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarion-Ledger">Clarion-Ledger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a>)</i>. June 8, 1947. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221927/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34828644/vicksburg_and_fourth_of_july/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clarion-Ledger+%28Jackson%2C+Mississippi%29&rft.atitle=Vicksburg+plans+big+things+for+Confederate+carnival&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1947-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34828644%2Fvicksburg_and_fourth_of_july%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldrep2005" class="citation book cs1">Waldrep, Christopher (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=esDgeo7QYJEC&q=vicksburg+++celebrate+4th+of+July+newspapers&pg=PA247"><i>Vicksburg's Long Shadow: The Civil War Legacy Of Race And Remembrance</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742548688" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742548688"><bdi>978-0742548688</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315050501/https://books.google.com/books?id=esDgeo7QYJEC&q=vicksburg+++celebrate+4th+of+July+newspapers&pg=PA247#v=snippet&q=vicksburg%20%20%20celebrate%204th%20of%20July%20newspapers&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vicksburg%27s+Long+Shadow%3A+The+Civil+War+Legacy+Of+Race+And+Remembrance&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0742548688&rft.aulast=Waldrep&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DesDgeo7QYJEC%26q%3Dvicksburg%2B%2B%2Bcelebrate%2B4th%2Bof%2BJuly%2Bnewspapers%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian Michael G. Ballard, in his <i>Vicksburg</i> campaign history, pp. 420-21, claims that this story has little foundation in fact. Although it is unknown whether city officials sanctioned the day as a local holiday, Southern observances of July 4 were for many years characterized more by family picnics than by formal city or county activities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34832901/vicksburg_4th_of_july_1890/">"20 Years Ago in Vicksburg"</a>. <i>Vicksburg Evening Post</i>. July 5, 1910. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221925/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34832901/vicksburg_4th_of_july_1890/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vicksburg+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=20+Years+Ago+in+Vicksburg&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1910-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34832901%2Fvicksburg_4th_of_july_1890%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2003/01/27/water-returned-to-citys-doorstep-100-years-ago/">"Water Returned to City's Doorstep 100 Years Ago"</a>. Vicksburg Post. January 27, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518224039/https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2003/01/27/water-returned-to-citys-doorstep-100-years-ago/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Returned+to+City%27s+Doorstep+100+Years+Ago&rft.pub=Vicksburg+Post&rft.date=2003-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicksburgpost.com%2F2003%2F01%2F27%2Fwater-returned-to-citys-doorstep-100-years-ago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2003" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Steven (2003). <i>A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 297.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+Under+Our+Feet%3A+Black+Political+Struggles+in+the+Rural+South+from+Slavery+to+the+Great+Migration&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crosby-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crosby_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C4Jio5kajiwC">Emilye Crosby, <i>Little Taste of Freedom: The Black Freedom Struggle in Claiborne County, Mississippi</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430172427/https://books.google.com/books?id=C4Jio5kajiwC">Archived</a> April 30, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Univ of North Carolina Press, 2006, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_leading_Afro-Americans_of_Vicksburg,_Miss.,_their_enterprises,_churches,_schools,_lodges_and_societies;_(IA_leadingafroameri00moll).pdf&page=21">"The leading Afro-Americans of Vicksburg, Miss., their enterprises, churches, schools, lodges and societies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225170259/https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_leading_Afro-Americans_of_Vicksburg,_Miss.,_their_enterprises,_churches,_schools,_lodges_and_societies;_(IA_leadingafroameri00moll).pdf&page=21">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+leading+Afro-Americans+of+Vicksburg%2C+Miss.%2C+their+enterprises%2C+churches%2C+schools%2C+lodges+and+societies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFile%3AThe_leading_Afro-Americans_of_Vicksburg%2C_Miss.%2C_their_enterprises%2C_churches%2C_schools%2C_lodges_and_societies%3B_%28IA_leadingafroameri00moll%29.pdf%26page%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B06E7DA1F30E733A25757C0A9639C946297D6CF&scp=8&sq=vicksburg+lynched&st=p">"Lynched for Murder…"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. May 4, 1903. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032444/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B06E7DA1F30E733A25757C0A9639C946297D6CF&scp=8&sq=vicksburg+lynched&st=p">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lynched+for+Murder%E2%80%A6&rft.date=1903-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9B06E7DA1F30E733A25757C0A9639C946297D6CF%26scp%3D8%26sq%3Dvicksburg%2Blynched%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC_Clay-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AC_Clay_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mob uses Rope, to Lynch Negro". <i>Atlanta Constitution</i>. May 15, 1919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Mob+uses+Rope%2C+to+Lynch+Negro&rft.date=1919-05-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirter2011" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Cameron (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redsummersummero0000mcwh"><i>Red Summer The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America</i></a></span>. Henry Holt and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redsummersummero0000mcwh/page/51">51</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805089066" title="Special:BookSources/9780805089066"><bdi>9780805089066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Summer+The+Summer+of+1919+and+the+Awakening+of+Black+America&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780805089066&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fredsummersummero0000mcwh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eji-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eji_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063004/https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf">"<i>Lynching in America</i>, 3rd edition, 2017; SUPPLEMENT: Lynchings by County, p. 7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Eji.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eji.org&rft.atitle=Lynching+in+America%2C+3rd+edition%2C+2017%3B+SUPPLEMENT%3A+Lynchings+by+County%2C+p.+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feji.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/AT6_Monument" title="AT6 Monument">AT6 Monument</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/muralcommunity.htm">"It Took A Community To Raise A Mural!"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715190931/http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/muralcommunity.htm">Archived</a> July 15, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Vicksburg Riverfront Murals</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riverfrontmurals.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riverfrontmurals.com_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riverfrontmurals.com_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/indexmain.htm">"Celebrating Vicksburg: A Great American Community"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715190937/http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/indexmain.htm">Archived</a> July 15, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Vicksburg Riverfront Murals</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/muralssponsors.htm">"Vicksburg Riverfront Murals"</a>. <i>Riverfrontmurals.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821141045/http://www.riverfrontmurals.com/muralssponsors.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riverfrontmurals.com&rft.atitle=Vicksburg+Riverfront+Murals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverfrontmurals.com%2Fmuralssponsors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/vicksburgpost/docs/081110">"081110"</a>. <i>Issuu.com</i>. August 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315040917/https://issuu.com/vicksburgpost/docs/081110">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Issuu.com&rft.atitle=081110&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fvicksburgpost%2Fdocs%2F081110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/vicksburgpost/docs/101310">"101310"</a>. <i>Issuu.com</i>. October 13, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319095700/https://issuu.com/vicksburgpost/docs/101310">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Issuu.com&rft.atitle=101310&rft.date=2010-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fvicksburgpost%2Fdocs%2F101310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/news/1874-vicksburg-riots-140th-anniversary-symposium.htm">"140th Anniversary Vicksburg Riots Symposium"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927171959/http://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/news/1874-vicksburg-riots-140th-anniversary-symposium.htm">Archived</a> September 27, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Press release, 6 November 2014, National Park Service, accessed June 15, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nws-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nws_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jan">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210530182437/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jan">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>. <q>[...]located in the Hinds Community College District (Hinds, Rankin, Warren, Claiborne, and Copiah counties)[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Admission+Guide+2019-2020&rft.pages=10+%28PDF+p.+12%2F20%29&rft.pub=Hinds+Community+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhub.hindscc.edu%2Fhubfs%2FRecruiting%2Fadmission_guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeves._2018-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves._2018_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves.2018" class="citation web cs1">Reeves., Tim (May 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburgpost.com/">"The Vicksburg Post"</a>. <i>The Vicksburg Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304001144/https://vicksburgpost.com/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vicksburg+Post&rft.atitle=The+Vicksburg+Post&rft.date=2018-05-23&rft.aulast=Reeves.&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vicksburgpost.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Illinois Central Railroad, Tables 40, 59". <i>Official Guide of the Railways</i>. <b>74</b> (1). National Railway Publication Company. June 1941.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Guide+of+the+Railways&rft.atitle=Illinois+Central+Railroad%2C+Tables+40%2C+59&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1941-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Illinois Central Railroad, Table 18". <i>Official Guide of the Railways</i>. <b>98</b> (8). National Railway Publication Company. January 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Guide+of+the+Railways&rft.atitle=Illinois+Central+Railroad%2C+Table+18&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1966-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896</i>. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+in+America%2C+Historical+Volume%2C+1607-1896&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Marquis+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804141413/http://www.nps.gov/training/bearsbio.doc">"Bears bio"</a>. <i>NPS</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/training/bearsbio.doc">the original</a> on August 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPS&rft.atitle=Bears+bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Ftraining%2Fbearsbio.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025121429/http://www.thenewsstar.com/article/20130421/NEWS01/304210310/Family-imprint-seen-Monroe-century-after-arrival">"Scott Rogers, "Family imprint seen in Monroe a century after arrival", April 21, 2013"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_News-Star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The News-Star (page does not exist)">Monroe News-Star</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monroe+News-Star&rft.atitle=Scott+Rogers%2C+%22Family+imprint+seen+in+Monroe+a+century+after+arrival%22%2C+April+21%2C+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsstar.com%2Farticle%2F20130421%2FNEWS01%2F304210310%2FFamily-imprint-seen-Monroe-century-after-arrival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mswritersandmusicians.com/artists/#C">Mississippi Writers and Musicians—Mississippi Artists (Caroline Russell Compton)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411022559/http://www.mswritersandmusicians.com/artists/#C#C">Archived</a> April 11, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoy2012" class="citation web cs1">Coy, Steve (March 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w8bi.org/index.php/2-uncategorised/371-martin-jue">"How I Started MFJ and Its Very Early Days"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610013646/http://w8bi.org/index.php/2-uncategorised/371-martin-jue">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+I+Started+MFJ+and+Its+Very+Early+Days&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft.aulast=Coy&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw8bi.org%2Findex.php%2F2-uncategorised%2F371-martin-jue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018073152/http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LEGGEBRA01">"Brad Leggett"</a>. <i>DatabaseFootball.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=LEGGEBRA01">the original</a> on October 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DatabaseFootball.com&rft.atitle=Brad+Leggett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.databasefootball.com%2Fplayers%2Fplayerpage.htm%3Filkid%3DLEGGEBRA01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_nevada/col2-content/main-content-list/title_pittman_vail.html">"Nevada Governor Vail Montgomery Pittman"</a>. National Governors Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202051146/http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_nevada/col2-content/main-content-list/title_pittman_vail.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada+Governor+Vail+Montgomery+Pittman&rft.pub=National+Governors+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.org%2Fcms%2Fhome%2Fgovernors%2Fpast-governors-bios%2Fpage_nevada%2Fcol2-content%2Fmain-content-list%2Ftitle_pittman_vail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=thomsjo01">"John Thomson Stats"</a>. Baseball Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029092319/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=thomsjo01">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Thomson+Stats&rft.pub=Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.php%3Fp%3Dthomsjo01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen,_Emma2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Green, Emma (May 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/mississippi-young-dakhlalla/524751/">"How Two Mississippi College Students Fell in Love and Decided to Join a Terrorist Group"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805181057/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/mississippi-young-dakhlalla/524751/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Two+Mississippi+College+Students+Fell+in+Love+and+Decided+to+Join+a+Terrorist+Group&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.au=Green%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F05%2Fmississippi-young-dakhlalla%2F524751%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rothman, Joshua D.: Flush Times and Fever Dreams: A Story of Capitalism and Slavery in the Age of Jackson. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2010.</li> <li>Cox, James L. <i>The Mississippi Almanac</i>. (2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9643545-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9643545-2-7">0-9643545-2-7</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005050015/http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/ms/vicksburg.htm">History of Vicksburg's Jewish community</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicksburg,_Mississippi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vicksburg,_Mississippi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vicksburg, Mississippi">Vicksburg, Mississippi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vicksburg#Q493787" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vicksburg.org/">City of Vicksburg – official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicksburgusa.com/">Vicksburg–Warren Economic Development Partnership</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Vicksburg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Vicksburg">"Vicksburg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vicksburg&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Vicksburg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Vicksburg">"Vicksburg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XXIV (9th ed.). 1888. p. 211.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vicksburg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=211&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Vicksburg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Vicksburg">"Vicksburg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. XX. 1905. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vicksburg&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=115&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVicksburg%2C+Mississippi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vicksburg,_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Template:Vicksburg, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Vicksburg, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vicksburg,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vicksburg, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vicksburg,_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg, Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg-Warren_School_District" title="Vicksburg-Warren School District">Vicksburg-Warren School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Central_High_School_(Mississippi)" title="Warren Central High School (Mississippi)">Warren Central High School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Catholic_School" title="Vicksburg Catholic School">Vicksburg Catholic School</a> (incl. St. Aloysius HS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_Community_College" title="Hinds Community College">Hinds Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Rose_Building" title="Adolph Rose Building">Adolph Rose Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_(Vicksburg,_Mississippi)" title="Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (Vicksburg, Mississippi)">Bethel AME Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Vicksburg" title="Hotel Vicksburg">Hotel Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Warren_County_Courthouse" title="Old Warren County Courthouse">Old Court House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planters_Hall" title="Planters Hall">Planters Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_National_Military_Park" title="Vicksburg National Military Park">Vicksburg National Military Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton%27s_Headquarters" title="Pemberton's Headquarters">Pemberton's Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cairo_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Cairo (1861)">U.S.S. Cairo Gunboat & Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Riverfront_Murals" title="Vicksburg Riverfront Murals">Vicksburg Riverfront Murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_Theatre_Guild" title="Vicksburg Theatre Guild">Vicksburg Theatre Guild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic residences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchuca" title="Anchuca">Anchuca Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_House" title="Balfour House">Balfour House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beck_House_(Vicksburg,_Mississippi)" title="Beck House (Vicksburg, Mississippi)">Beck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Fleur" title="Belle Fleur">Belle Fleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blum_House" title="Blum House">Blum House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magnolias_(Vicksburg,_Mississippi)" title="The Magnolias (Vicksburg, Mississippi)">The Magnolias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McRaven_House" title="McRaven House">McRaven House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlenker_House" title="Shlenker House">Shlenker House</a></li> <li>More historic sites at <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Warren_County,_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, Mississippi">NRHP-listed places in Vicksburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Warren_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Template:Warren County, Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Template talk:Warren County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warren County, Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Warren_County,_Mississippi,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi"><span class="region">Warren County, Mississippi</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Vicksburg</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Mississippi highlighting Warren County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/62px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/93px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/124px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1191" /></span><figcaption>Map of Mississippi highlighting Warren County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood,_Mississippi" title="Beechwood, Mississippi">Beechwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovina,_Mississippi" title="Bovina, Mississippi">Bovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Bend,_Mississippi" title="Eagle Bend, Mississippi">Eagle Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood,_Mississippi" title="Redwood, Mississippi">Redwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flowers,_Mississippi" title="Flowers, Mississippi">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hill,_Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Rose Hill, Warren County, Mississippi">Rose Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltersville,_Mississippi" title="Waltersville, Mississippi">Waltersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Mississippi" title="Warrenton, Mississippi">Warrenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokena,_Mississippi" title="Yokena, Mississippi">Yokena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Mississippi" title="Brunswick, Mississippi">Brunswick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mississippi (state)"><span>Mississippi portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mississippi" title="Template:Mississippi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mississippi" title="Template talk:Mississippi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mississippi" title="Outline of Mississippi">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mississippi-related_articles" title="Index of Mississippi-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mississippi">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Mississippi" title="Climate change in Mississippi">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi#Geography" title="Mississippi">Geography</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Mississippi" title="United States congressional delegations from Mississippi">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Mississippi" title="List of governors of Mississippi">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Mississippi">Lieutenant governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Legislature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mississippi" title="History of Mississippi">History</a></li> <li>Law <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mississippi" title="Constitution of Mississippi">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mississippi" title="Music of Mississippi">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_Landmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mississippi Landmarks">State landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_state_parks" title="List of Mississippi state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippi_state_symbols" title="List of Mississippi state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Mississippi" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Mississippi">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Mississippi" title="Abortion in Mississippi">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Mississippi" title="Crime in Mississippi">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Mississippi">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Mississippi">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Mississippi">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mississippi" title="Education in Mississippi">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Mississippi">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Mississippi" title="Gun laws in Mississippi">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Mississippi" title="Category:Mass media in Mississippi">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Mississippi" title="List of newspapers in Mississippi">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Mississippi" title="List of radio stations in Mississippi">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mississippi" title="List of television stations in Mississippi">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mississippi">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Mississippi" title="List of people from Mississippi">Mississippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mississippi#Politics" title="Government of Mississippi">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Mississippi" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">The Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Mississippi)" title="Golden Triangle (Mississippi)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Gulf_Coast" title="Mississippi Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Alluvial_Plain" title="Mississippi Alluvial Plain">Mississippi Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_District" title="Natchez District">Natchez District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Mississippi" title="North Mississippi">North Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Belt_(Mississippi)" title="Pine Belt (Mississippi)">Pine Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Mississippi" title="List of metropolitan areas in Mississippi">Metros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport%E2%80%93Biloxi_metropolitan_area" title="Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area">Gulfport-Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg_metropolitan_area" title="Hattiesburg metropolitan area">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan area">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_metropolitan_area" title="Memphis metropolitan area">Memphis (TN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula_metropolitan_area" title="Pascagoula metropolitan area">Pascagoula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi#Major_cities_and_towns" title="Mississippi">Larger cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southaven,_Mississippi" title="Southaven, Mississippi">Southaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_smaller_cities_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of smaller cities in Mississippi">Smaller cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_St._Louis,_Mississippi" title="Bay St. Louis, Mississippi">Bay St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Mississippi" title="Cleveland, Mississippi">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Mississippi" title="Clinton, Mississippi">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Mississippi" title="Corinth, Mississippi">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier,_Mississippi" title="Gautier, Mississippi">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Mississippi" title="Greenwood, Mississippi">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada,_Mississippi" title="Grenada, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Lake,_Mississippi" title="Horn Lake, Mississippi">Horn Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Mississippi" title="Indianola, Mississippi">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itta_Bena,_Mississippi" title="Itta Bena, Mississippi">Itta Bena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuka,_Mississippi" title="Iuka, Mississippi">Iuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi" title="Laurel, Mississippi">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_Mississippi" title="Long Beach, Mississippi">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Mississippi" title="Madison, Mississippi">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magee,_Mississippi" title="Magee, Mississippi">Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McComb,_Mississippi" title="McComb, Mississippi">McComb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendenhall,_Mississippi" title="Mendenhall, Mississippi">Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Point,_Mississippi" title="Moss Point, Mississippi">Moss Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Ocean Springs, Mississippi">Ocean Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch,_Mississippi" title="Olive Branch, Mississippi">Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula,_Mississippi" title="Pascagoula, Mississippi">Pascagoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_Christian,_Mississippi" title="Pass Christian, Mississippi">Pass Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl,_Mississippi" title="Pearl, Mississippi">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picayune,_Mississippi" title="Picayune, Mississippi">Picayune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_Mississippi" title="Ridgeland, Mississippi">Ridgeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica,_Mississippi" title="Tunica, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waveland,_Mississippi" title="Waveland, Mississippi">Waveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="West Hattiesburg, Mississippi">West Hattiesburg (Oak Grove)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo City, Mississippi">Yazoo City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Mississippi" title="List of counties in Mississippi">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Mississippi" title="Adams County, Mississippi">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorn_County,_Mississippi" title="Alcorn County, Mississippi">Alcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amite_County,_Mississippi" title="Amite County, Mississippi">Amite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attala_County,_Mississippi" title="Attala County, Mississippi">Attala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Mississippi" title="Benton County, Mississippi">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_County,_Mississippi" title="Bolivar County, Mississippi">Bolivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Mississippi" title="Calhoun County, Mississippi">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Mississippi" title="Carroll County, Mississippi">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Chickasaw County, Mississippi">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_County,_Mississippi" title="Choctaw County, Mississippi">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_County,_Mississippi" title="Claiborne County, Mississippi">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Mississippi" title="Clarke County, Mississippi">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Mississippi" title="Clay County, Mississippi">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahoma_County,_Mississippi" title="Coahoma County, Mississippi">Coahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copiah_County,_Mississippi" title="Copiah County, Mississippi">Copiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington_County,_Mississippi" title="Covington County, Mississippi">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto_County,_Mississippi" title="DeSoto County, Mississippi">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_County,_Mississippi" title="Forrest County, Mississippi">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Mississippi" title="Franklin County, Mississippi">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_County,_Mississippi" title="George County, Mississippi">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Mississippi" title="Greene County, Mississippi">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada_County,_Mississippi" title="Grenada County, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Mississippi" title="Hancock County, Mississippi">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Mississippi" title="Harrison County, Mississippi">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinds_County,_Mississippi" title="Hinds County, Mississippi">Hinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_County,_Mississippi" title="Holmes County, Mississippi">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphreys_County,_Mississippi" title="Humphreys County, Mississippi">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issaquena_County,_Mississippi" title="Issaquena County, Mississippi">Issaquena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itawamba_County,_Mississippi" title="Itawamba County, Mississippi">Itawamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jackson County, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Mississippi" title="Jasper County, Mississippi">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson County, Mississippi">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_County,_Mississippi" title="Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Mississippi" title="Lafayette County, Mississippi">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_County,_Mississippi" title="Lamar County, Mississippi">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauderdale_County,_Mississippi" title="Lauderdale County, Mississippi">Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Mississippi" title="Lawrence County, Mississippi">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leake_County,_Mississippi" title="Leake County, Mississippi">Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Mississippi" title="Lee County, Mississippi">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leflore_County,_Mississippi" title="Leflore County, Mississippi">Leflore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Mississippi" title="Lincoln County, Mississippi">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County,_Mississippi" title="Lowndes County, Mississippi">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Mississippi" title="Madison County, Mississippi">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Mississippi" title="Marion County, Mississippi">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Mississippi" title="Marshall County, Mississippi">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Mississippi" title="Monroe County, Mississippi">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Mississippi" title="Montgomery County, Mississippi">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi" title="Neshoba County, Mississippi">Neshoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Mississippi" title="Newton County, Mississippi">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noxubee_County,_Mississippi" title="Noxubee County, Mississippi">Noxubee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktibbeha_County,_Mississippi" title="Oktibbeha County, Mississippi">Oktibbeha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panola_County,_Mississippi" title="Panola County, Mississippi">Panola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_County,_Mississippi" title="Pearl River County, Mississippi">Pearl River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Mississippi" title="Perry County, Mississippi">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Mississippi" title="Pike County, Mississippi">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc_County,_Mississippi" title="Pontotoc County, Mississippi">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_County,_Mississippi" title="Prentiss County, Mississippi">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman_County,_Mississippi" title="Quitman County, Mississippi">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County,_Mississippi" title="Rankin County, Mississippi">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Mississippi" title="Scott County, Mississippi">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharkey_County,_Mississippi" title="Sharkey County, Mississippi">Sharkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_County,_Mississippi" title="Simpson County, Mississippi">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_County,_Mississippi" title="Smith County, Mississippi">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_County,_Mississippi" title="Stone County, Mississippi">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_County,_Mississippi" title="Sunflower County, Mississippi">Sunflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahatchie_County,_Mississippi" title="Tallahatchie County, Mississippi">Tallahatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_County,_Mississippi" title="Tate County, Mississippi">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippah_County,_Mississippi" title="Tippah County, Mississippi">Tippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishomingo_County,_Mississippi" title="Tishomingo County, Mississippi">Tishomingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_County,_Mississippi" title="Tunica County, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Mississippi" title="Union County, Mississippi">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthall_County,_Mississippi" title="Walthall County, Mississippi">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Mississippi" title="Warren County, Mississippi">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Mississippi" title="Washington County, Mississippi">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Mississippi" title="Wayne County, Mississippi">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Mississippi" title="Webster County, Mississippi">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_County,_Mississippi" title="Wilkinson County, Mississippi">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_County,_Mississippi" title="Winston County, Mississippi">Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalobusha_County,_Mississippi" title="Yalobusha County, Mississippi">Yalobusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_County,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo County, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mississippi" title="Portal:Mississippi">Mississippi portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Mississippi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Template:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Template talk:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mississippi county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Mississippi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen,_Mississippi" title="Aberdeen, Mississippi">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ackerman,_Mississippi" title="Ackerman, Mississippi">Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Mississippi" title="Ashland, Mississippi">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batesville,_Mississippi" title="Batesville, Mississippi">Batesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Bay Springs, Mississippi">Bay Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_St._Louis,_Mississippi" title="Bay St. Louis, Mississippi">Bay St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belzoni,_Mississippi" title="Belzoni, Mississippi">Belzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booneville,_Mississippi" title="Booneville, Mississippi">Booneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Mississippi" title="Brandon, Mississippi">Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_Mississippi" title="Brookhaven, Mississippi">Brookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Mississippi" title="Canton, Mississippi">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Mississippi" title="Carrollton, Mississippi">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Mississippi" title="Carthage, Mississippi">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Mississippi" title="Charleston, Mississippi">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Mississippi" title="Cleveland, Mississippi">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeeville,_Mississippi" title="Coffeeville, Mississippi">Coffeeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins,_Mississippi" title="Collins, Mississippi">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Mississippi" title="Columbus, Mississippi">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Mississippi" title="Corinth, Mississippi">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Kalb,_Mississippi" title="De Kalb, Mississippi">De Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Mississippi" title="Decatur, Mississippi">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellisville,_Mississippi" title="Ellisville, Mississippi">Ellisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Mississippi" title="Fayette, Mississippi">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest,_Mississippi" title="Forest, Mississippi">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton,_Mississippi" title="Fulton, Mississippi">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Mississippi" title="Greenville, Mississippi">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Mississippi" title="Greenwood, Mississippi">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada,_Mississippi" title="Grenada, Mississippi">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfport,_Mississippi" title="Gulfport, Mississippi">Gulfport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg,_Mississippi" title="Hattiesburg, Mississippi">Hattiesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazlehurst,_Mississippi" title="Hazlehurst, Mississippi">Hazlehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando,_Mississippi" title="Hernando, Mississippi">Hernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Springs,_Mississippi" title="Holly Springs, Mississippi">Holly Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Mississippi" title="Houston, Mississippi">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Mississippi" title="Indianola, Mississippi">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuka,_Mississippi" title="Iuka, Mississippi">Iuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciusko,_Mississippi" title="Kosciusko, Mississippi">Kosciusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi" title="Laurel, Mississippi">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakesville,_Mississippi" title="Leakesville, Mississippi">Leakesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Mississippi" title="Lexington, Mississippi">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Mississippi" title="Liberty, Mississippi">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucedale,_Mississippi" title="Lucedale, Mississippi">Lucedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Mississippi" title="Macon, Mississippi">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Mississippi" title="Magnolia, Mississippi">Magnolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marks,_Mississippi" title="Marks, Mississippi">Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayersville,_Mississippi" title="Mayersville, Mississippi">Mayersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadville,_Mississippi" title="Meadville, Mississippi">Meadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendenhall,_Mississippi" title="Mendenhall, Mississippi">Mendenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Mississippi" title="Meridian, Mississippi">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Mississippi" title="Monticello, Mississippi">Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mississippi" title="New Albany, Mississippi">New Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Augusta,_Mississippi" title="New Augusta, Mississippi">New Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolona,_Mississippi" title="Okolona, Mississippi">Okolona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Mississippi" title="Oxford, Mississippi">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascagoula,_Mississippi" title="Pascagoula, Mississippi">Pascagoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding,_Mississippi" title="Paulding, Mississippi">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Mississippi" title="Philadelphia, Mississippi">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsboro,_Mississippi" title="Pittsboro, Mississippi">Pittsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontotoc,_Mississippi" title="Pontotoc, Mississippi">Pontotoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplarville,_Mississippi" title="Poplarville, Mississippi">Poplarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Gibson,_Mississippi" title="Port Gibson, Mississippi">Port Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss,_Mississippi" title="Prentiss, Mississippi">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvis,_Mississippi" title="Purvis, Mississippi">Purvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitman,_Mississippi" title="Quitman, Mississippi">Quitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_Mississippi" title="Raleigh, Mississippi">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Mississippi" title="Raymond, Mississippi">Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley,_Mississippi" title="Ripley, Mississippi">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Fork,_Mississippi" title="Rolling Fork, Mississippi">Rolling Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Mississippi" title="Rosedale, Mississippi">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis,_Mississippi" title="Sardis, Mississippi">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatobia,_Mississippi" title="Senatobia, Mississippi">Senatobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starkville,_Mississippi" title="Starkville, Mississippi">Starkville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner,_Mississippi" title="Sumner, Mississippi">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica,_Mississippi" title="Tunica, Mississippi">Tunica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylertown,_Mississippi" title="Tylertown, Mississippi">Tylertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiden,_Mississippi" title="Vaiden, Mississippi">Vaiden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthall,_Mississippi" title="Walthall, Mississippi">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Valley,_Mississippi" title="Water Valley, Mississippi">Water Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Mississippi" title="Waynesboro, Mississippi">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiggins,_Stone_County,_Mississippi" title="Wiggins, Stone County, Mississippi">Wiggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona,_Mississippi" title="Winona, Mississippi">Winona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Mississippi" title="Woodville, Mississippi">Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi" title="Yazoo City, Mississippi">Yazoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493787#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493787#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493787#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjw8xXvyc66996FKYJXVBX">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4348057-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79042035">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13737109g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13737109g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vicksburg (Mississippi)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge775017&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559655805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/093e7cd1-c206-4dcb-b191-cac477b9e82d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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